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Nickel NC, Enns JE, Freier A, McCulloch SC, Chartier M, Casidsid HJM, Balogun OD, Mulhall D, Dragan R, Sarkar J, Bolton J, Konrad G, Phillips-Beck W, Sanguins J, Shimmin C, McDonald N, Mignone J, Hinds A. Characterising methamphetamine use to inform health and social policies in Manitoba, Canada: a protocol for a retrospective cohort study using linked administrative data. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062127. [PMID: 36261234 PMCID: PMC9582321 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rising use of methamphetamine is causing significant public health concern in Canada. The biological and behavioural effects of methamphetamine range from wakefulness, vigour and euphoria to adverse physical health outcomes like myocardial infarction, haemorrhagic stroke, arrhythmia and seizure. It can also cause severe psychological complications such as psychosis. National survey data point to increasing rates of methamphetamine use, as well as increasing ease of access and serious methamphetamine-related harms. There is an urgent need for evidence to address knowledge gaps, provide direction to harm reduction and treatment efforts and inform health and social policies for people using methamphetamine. This protocol describes a study that aims to address this need for evidence. METHODS The study will use linked, whole population, de-identified administrative data from the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository. The cohort will include individuals in the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, who came into contact with the health system for reasons related to methamphetamine use from 2013 to 2021 and a comparison group matched on age, sex and geography. We will describe the cohort's sociodemographic characteristics, calculate incidence and prevalence of mental disorders associated with methamphetamine use and examine rates of health and social service use. We will evaluate the use of olanzapine pharmacotherapy in reducing adverse emergency department outcomes. In partnership with Indigenous co-investigators, outcomes will be stratified by First Nations and Métis identity. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the University of Manitoba Health Research Ethics Board, and access datasets have been granted by all data providers. We also received approval from the First Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba's Health Information Research Governance Committee and the Manitoba Métis Federation. Dissemination will be guided by an 'Evidence 2 Action' group of public rightsholders, service providers and knowledge users who will ensure that the analyses address the critical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Nickel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Inuit Association, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Enns
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amy Freier
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Scott C McCulloch
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mariette Chartier
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hera J M Casidsid
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Drew Mulhall
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Roxana Dragan
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joykrishna Sarkar
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James Bolton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Konrad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Wanda Phillips-Beck
- First Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Carolyn Shimmin
- George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Neil McDonald
- Winnipeg Fire Paramedic Service, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Javier Mignone
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aynslie Hinds
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Nelson SE, Wilson K. The mental health of Indigenous peoples in Canada: A critical review of research. Soc Sci Med 2017; 176:93-112. [PMID: 28135694 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many scholars assert that Indigenous peoples across the globe suffer a disproportionate burden of mental illness. Research indicates that colonialism and its associated processes are important determinants of Indigenous peoples' health internationally. In Canada, despite an abundance of health research documenting inequalities in morbidity and mortality rates for Indigenous peoples, relatively little research has focused on mental health. This paper provides a critical scoping review of the literature related to Indigenous mental health in Canada. We searched eleven databases and two Indigenous health-focused journals for research related to mental health, Indigenous peoples, and Canada, for the years 2006-2016. Over two hundred papers are included in the review and coded according to research theme, population group, and geography. Results demonstrate that the literature is overwhelmingly concerned with issues related to colonialism in mental health services and the prevalence and causes of mental illness among Indigenous peoples in Canada, but with several significant gaps. Mental health research related to Indigenous peoples in Canada overemphasizes suicide and problematic substance use; a more critical use of the concepts of colonialism and historical trauma is advised; and several population groups are underrepresented in research, including Métis peoples and urban or off-reserve Indigenous peoples. The findings are useful in an international context by providing a starting point for discussions, dialogue, and further study regarding mental health research for Indigenous peoples around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Nelson
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Geography, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Kathi Wilson
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Geography, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
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