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Stewart HLN, Wilkerson JM, Gallardo KR, Zoschke IN, Gillespie D, Rodriguez SA, McCurdy SA. "And Now that I Feel Safe…I'm Coming Out of Fight or Flight": A Qualitative Exploration of Challenges and Opportunities for Residents' Mental Health in Substance Use Recovery Housing. Community Ment Health J 2024:10.1007/s10597-024-01301-7. [PMID: 38822922 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Co-occurring mental health concerns are prevalent among substance use recovery housing residents. We sought to explore how residents with co-occurring mental health and substance use needs experience recovery housing. We conducted semi-structured interviews with residents (N = 92) in recovery homes across Texas and developed themes through thematic analysis. Residents note that living in a group home can exacerbate anxiety and paranoia, especially during periods of high turnover. Overwhelmingly, however, residents believe recovery housing improves their mental health. Residents use their shared lived experiences to support one another. Residents also express appreciation for the transition period offered by recovery housing, allowing them to solidify their recoveries before fully re-entering society. Participants describe recovery homes as a critical support for their co-occurring mental health and substance use concerns. These results provide key insights on how to better support mental health in recovery housing.
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Using community engagement to implement evidence-based practices for opioid use disorder: A data-driven paradigm & systems science approach. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 222:108675. [PMID: 33757707 PMCID: PMC8058324 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Community-driven responses are essential to ensure the adoption, reach and sustainability of evidence-based practices (EBPs) to prevent new cases of opioid use disorder (OUD) and reduce fatal and non-fatal overdoses. Most organizational approaches for selecting and implementing EBPs remain top-down and individually oriented without community engagement (CE). Moreover, few CE approaches have leveraged systems science to integrate community resources, values and priorities. This paper provides a novel CE paradigm that utilizes a data-driven and systems science approach; describes the composition, functions, and roles of researchers in CE; discusses unique ethical considerations that are particularly salient to CE research; and provides a description of how systems science and data-driven approaches to CE may be employed to select a range of EBPs that collectively address community needs. Finally, we conclude with scientific recommendations for the use of CE in research. Greater investment in CE research is needed to ensure contextual, equitable, and sustainable access to EBPs, such as medications for OUD (MOUD) in communities heavily impacted by the opioid epidemic. A data-driven approach to CE research guided by systems science has the potential to ensure adequate saturation and sustainability of EBPs that could significantly reduce opioid overdose and health inequities across the US.
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Chandler RK, Villani J, Clarke T, McCance-Katz EF, Volkow ND. Addressing opioid overdose deaths: The vision for the HEALing communities study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 217:108329. [PMID: 33075691 PMCID: PMC7528974 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The United States is facing two devastating public health crises- the opioid epidemic and the COVID-19 pandemic. Within this context, one of the most ambitious implementation studies in addiction research is moving forward. Launched in May 2019, the HEALing Communities Study (HCS) was developed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) as part of the Helping to End Addiction Long-termSM Initiative (National Institutes of Health, 2020). The goal for this research was to reduce opioid overdose deaths by 40 % in three years by enhancing and integrating the delivery of multiple evidence-based practices (EBPs) with proven effectiveness in reducing opioid overdose deaths across health care, justice, and community settings. This paper describes the initial vision, goals, and objectives of this initiative; the impact of COVID-19; and the potential for knowledge to be generated from HCS at the intersection of an unrelenting epidemic of opioid misuse and overdoses and the ravishing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redonna K. Chandler
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 3WFN, 301 North Stonestreet Ave, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States,Corresponding author at: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 3WFN RM 09D02, 301 North Stonestreet Ave, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Jennifer Villani
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 3WFN, 301 North Stonestreet Ave, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Thomas Clarke
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States
| | - Elinore F. McCance-Katz
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 3WFN, 301 North Stonestreet Ave, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
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Mericle AA, Sheridan D, Howell J, Braucht GS, Karriker-Jaffe K, Polcin DL. Sheltering in place and social distancing when the services provided are housing and social support: The COVID-19 health crisis and recovery housing. J Subst Abuse Treat 2020; 119:108094. [PMID: 32868142 PMCID: PMC7395628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recovery housing is a vital service for individuals with substance use disorders who need both recovery support and safe housing. Recovery housing is a residential service, and it relies heavily on social support provided by peers both within the residence and in outside mutual help groups. As such, efforts to keep residents safe from SARS CoV-2, the virus that causes the illness COVID-19, pose a number of challenges to social distancing. Further, residents are some of the more vulnerable individuals in recovery. They are more likely to have co-occurring health conditions that place them at risk for COVID-19, and they often have risk factors such as employment in low-wage jobs that increase their potential for negative economic impacts of the pandemic. Since most recovery housing operates outside formal substance use treatment, residents who pay out-of-pocket for services largely support these residences. Comprehensive support for those using, as well as those providing and ensuring the quality of recovery housing, is needed to ensure the viability of recovery housing. Recovery housing provides recovery support in a residential setting, serving highly-vulnerable individuals with substance use disorders. Efforts are underway to develop best practices for protecting residents and the peer-support community from COVID-19. Most recovery residences are not part of the formal substance use treatment system. Without adequate support for recovery housing, those who provide this service will be hampered in their ability to respond to increased resident needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Mericle
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, United States of America.
| | - Dave Sheridan
- National Alliance for Recovery Residences, United States of America
| | - Jason Howell
- National Alliance for Recovery Residences, United States of America
| | - George S Braucht
- National Alliance for Recovery Residences, United States of America
| | | | - Douglas L Polcin
- Behavioral Health and Recovery Studies, Public Health Institute, United States of America
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Magwood O, Salvalaggio G, Beder M, Kendall C, Kpade V, Daghmach W, Habonimana G, Marshall Z, Snyder E, O’Shea T, Lennox R, Hsu H, Tugwell P, Pottie K. The effectiveness of substance use interventions for homeless and vulnerably housed persons: A systematic review of systematic reviews on supervised consumption facilities, managed alcohol programs, and pharmacological agents for opioid use disorder. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227298. [PMID: 31945092 PMCID: PMC6964917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use is disproportionately high among people who are homeless or vulnerably housed. We performed a systematic overview of reviews examining the effects of selected harm reduction and pharmacological interventions on the health and social well-being of people who use substances, with a focus on homeless populations. METHODS AND FINDINGS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Joanna Briggs Institute EBP, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and DARE for systematic reviews from inception to August 2019. We conducted a grey literature search and hand searched reference lists. We selected reviews that synthesized evidence on supervised consumption facilities, managed alcohol programs and pharmacological interventions for opioid use disorders. We abstracted data specific to homeless or vulnerably housed populations. We assessed certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. Our search identified 483 citations and 30 systematic reviews met all inclusion criteria, capturing the results from 442 primary studies. This included three reviews on supervised consumption facilities, 24 on pharmacological interventions, and three on managed alcohol programs. Supervised consumption facilities decreased lethal overdoses and other high risk behaviours without any significant harm, and improved access to care. Pharmaceutical interventions reduced mortality, morbidity, and substance use, but the impact on retention in treatment, mental illness and access to care was variable. Managed alcohol programs reduced or stabilized alcohol consumption. Few studies on managed alcohol programs reported deaths. CONCLUSIONS Substance use is a common chronic condition impacting homeless populations. Supervised consumption facilities reduce overdose and improve access to care, while pharmacological interventions may play a role in reducing harms and addressing other morbidity. High quality evidence on managed alcohol programs is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Magwood
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michaela Beder
- St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto Dept of Psychiatry, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claire Kendall
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Departments of Family Medicine & School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Victoire Kpade
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wahab Daghmach
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gilbert Habonimana
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zack Marshall
- School of Social Work, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ellen Snyder
- Public Health and Preventative Medicine Residency Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tim O’Shea
- Department of Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Robin Lennox
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Helen Hsu
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Pottie
- C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Departments of Family Medicine & School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explores the two-year housing- and non-housing-related outcomes for adults who are homeless with problematic substance use who received scattered-site housing and intensive case management services from a Housing First program in Ottawa, Canada, in comparison with a group of adults who are homeless with problematic substance use who had access to standard care in the community. METHODS Housing First clients (n = 89) and members of a comparison group (n = 89) completed structured interviews at baseline and were followed for two years. RESULTS Housing First clients moved into housing more quickly, reported a greater proportion of time housed, were more likely to spend the final six months housed, and had longer housing tenure at 24 months. There was a group by time interaction on problematic alcohol use with more rapid improvement for the comparison group; however, both groups improved over time. The comparison group had a greater decrease on problematic drug use by 24 months. There was no change in physical health and only the comparison group had improvements in mental health by 24 months. The groups had similar improvement on community functioning by 24 months. The comparison group had a greater increase in total quality of life. More specifically, the comparison group had an increase in the family relations-related quality of life, whereas the clients did not. There was a significant interaction for safety-related quality of life, but both groups experienced improvements over time and had comparable levels of satisfaction with safety at each time point. The Housing First clients reported higher levels of satisfaction with living conditions than the comparison group at baseline and 12 months, but not at 24 months. There was significant improvement over time and no main effect of group for finances, leisure, and social relations. CONCLUSIONS Adults who are homeless with problematic substance use can successfully be housed using a Housing First approach. However, further targeted services might be required to address other areas of functioning, such as health, substance use, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Cherner
- a Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services, School of Psychology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Tim Aubry
- a Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services, School of Psychology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - John Sylvestre
- a Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services, School of Psychology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Rob Boyd
- b Oasis Program , Sandy Hill Community Health Centre , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Donna Pettey
- c Canadian Mental Health Association , Ottawa Branch, Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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