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Cassidy KJ, Shipp DA. Particle formation in thermally initiated radical‐mediated thiol‐ene emulsion polymerizations. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Cassidy
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Center for Advanced Materials Processing Clarkson University Potsdam New York USA
| | - Devon A. Shipp
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Center for Advanced Materials Processing Clarkson University Potsdam New York USA
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Effect of surfactant concentration and monomer polarity on particle nucleation in emulsion step polymerization of dithiol with diene. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-04993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Infante Teixeira L, Landfester K, Thérien-Aubin H. Selective Oxidation of Polysulfide Latexes to Produce Polysulfoxide and Polysulfone in a Waterborne Environment. Macromolecules 2021; 54:3659-3667. [PMID: 34083842 PMCID: PMC8161668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polymers containing sulfur centers with high oxidation states in the main chain, polysulfoxide and polysulfone, display desirable properties such as thermomechanical and chemical stability. To circumvent their challenging direct synthesis, methods based on the oxidation of a parent polysulfide have been developed but are plagued by uncontrolled reactions, leading either to ill-defined mixtures of polysulfoxides and polysulfones or to polysulfones with reduced degrees of polymerization due to overoxidation of the polymer. We developed an alternative method to produce well-defined polysulfoxide and polysulfone in a waterborne colloidal emulsion using different oxidants to control the oxidation state of sulfur in the final materials. The direct oxidation of water-based polysulfide latexes avoided the use of volatile organic solvents and allowed for the control of the oxidation state of the sulfur atoms. Oxidation of parent polysulfides by tert-butyl hydroperoxide led to the production of pure polysulfoxides, even after 70 days of reaction time. Additionally, hydrogen peroxide produced both species through the course of the reaction but yielded fully converted polysulfones after 24 h. By employing mild oxidants, our approach controlled the oxidation state of the sulfur atoms in the final sulfur-containing polymer and prevented any overoxidation, thus ensuring the integrity of the polymer chains and colloidal stability of the system. We also verified the selectivity, versatility, and robustness of the method by applying it to polysulfides of different chemical compositions and structures. The universality demonstrated by this method makes it a powerful yet simple platform for the design of sulfur-containing polymers and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for
Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Martinez AM, Cox LM, Killgore JP, Bongiardina NJ, Riley RD, Bowman CN. Permanent and reversibly programmable shapes in liquid crystal elastomer microparticles capable of shape switching. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:467-474. [PMID: 33346289 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01836h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reversibly programmable liquid crystal elastomer microparticles (LCEMPs), formed as a covalent adaptable network (CAN), with an average diameter of 7 μm ± 2 μm, were synthesized via a thiol-Michael dispersion polymerization. The particles were programmed to a prolate shape via a photoinitiated addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (AFT) exchange reaction by activating the AFT after undergoing compression. Due to the thermotropic nature of the AFT-LCEMPs, shape switching was driven by heating the particles above their nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature (TNI). The programmed particles subsequently displayed cyclable two-way shape switching from prolate to spherical when at low or high temperatures, respectively. Furthermore, the shape programming is reversible, and a second programming step was done to erase the prolate shape by initiating AFT at high temperature while the particles were in their spherical shape. Upon cooling, the particles remained spherical until additional programming steps were taken. Particles were also programmed to maintain a permanent oblate shape. Additionally, the particle surface was programmed with a diffraction grating, demonstrating programmable complex surface topography via AFT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina M Martinez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Lewis M Cox
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Montana State University, Culbertson Hall, 100, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Jason P Killgore
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bongiardina
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Russell D Riley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Santos PCM, Machado TO, Santin JVC, Feuser PE, Córneo ES, Machado‐de‐Ávila RA, Sayer C, Araújo PHH. Superparamagnetic biobased poly(thioether‐ester) via thiol‐ene polymerization in miniemulsion for hyperthermia. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula C. M. Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Thiago O. Machado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - João V. C. Santin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Paulo E. Feuser
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Emily S. Córneo
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science University of Southern Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Sayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Pedro H. H. Araújo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
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