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Bao J, Yang J, Lu X, Ma L, Shi X, Lan S, Zhao Y, Cao J, Ma S, Li S. Exogenous Melatonin Promotes Glucoraphanin Biosynthesis by Mediating Glutathione in Hairy Roots of Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Planch). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:106. [PMID: 38202414 PMCID: PMC10780497 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of melatonin (MT)-mediated glutathione (GSH) in promoting glucoraphanin (GRA) and sulforaphane (SF) synthesis, the gene expression pattern and protein content of hairy broccoli roots under MT treatment were analyzed by a combination of RNA-seq and tandem mass spectrometry tagging (TMT) techniques in this study. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that both proteins and mRNAs with the same expression trend were enriched in the "Glutathione metabolism (ko00480)" and "Proteasome (ko03050)" pathways, and most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) regulating the two pathways were downregulated. The results showed that endogenous GSH concentration and GR activity were increased in hairy roots after MT treatment. Exogenous GSH could promote the biosynthesis of GRA and SF, and both exogenous MT and GSH could upregulate the expression of the GSTF11 gene related to the sulfur transport gene, thus promoting the biosynthesis of GRA. Taken together, this study provides a new perspective to explore the complex molecular mechanisms of improving GRA and SF synthesis levels by MT and GSH regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.B.); (L.M.)
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Y.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Xu Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Xiaotong Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Y.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Shimin Lan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Y.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Y.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Jie Cao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Y.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Shaoying Ma
- Laboratory and Practice Base Management Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.B.); (L.M.)
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Y.); (X.S.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
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Liu X, Du C, Yue C, Tan Y, Fan H. Exogenously applied melatonin alleviates the damage in cucumber plants caused by Aphis goosypii through altering the insect behavior and inducing host plant resistance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:140-151. [PMID: 36107970 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphis gossypii Glover is the main pest found in most cucumber-producing areas. Melatonin (MT) has been widely studied in protecting plants from environmental stresses and pathogens. However, little knowledge is available on the impact of MT on insect resistance. RESULTS The fecundity of aphids on MT-treated cucumber leaves was inhibited. Interestingly, MT-treated plants were more attractive to aphids, which would prevent the large-scale transmission of viruses caused by the random movement of aphids. Meanwhile, MT caused varying degrees of change in enzyme activities related to methylesterified HG degradation, antioxidants, defense systems and membrane lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis showed that MT induced 2360 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with the control before aphid infection. These DEGs mainly were enriched in hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, and plant-pathogen interaction, revealing that MT can help plants acquire inducible resistance and enhance plant immunity. Subsequently, 2397 DEGs were identified after aphid infection. Further analysis showed that MT-treated plants possessed stronger JA signal, reactive oxygen species stability, and the ability of flavonoid synthesis under aphid infection, while mediating plant growth and sucrose metabolism. CONCLUSION In summary, MT as an environmentally friendly substance mitigated aphid damage to cucumbers by affecting the aphids themselves and enhancing plant resistance. This will facilitate exploring sustainable MT-based strategies for cucumber aphid control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changxia Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Yue
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinqing Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaifu Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
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Bao J, Lu X, Ma L, Zhang X, Tian P, Zhang X, Li S, Ma S, Yang J, Lu Y, Wei Y, Zhang C, Shi X. Transcriptome analysis of genes related to glucoraphanin and sulforaphane synthesis in methyl jasmonate treated broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) hairy roots. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:757-770. [PMID: 35999478 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hairy roots obtained by infecting broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) leaves with Agrobacterium rhizogenes (ATCC15834) have the characteristics of phytohormone autonomy, genetic stability and can produce a large amount of the anti-cancer substance Sulforaphane (SF) and the biosynthetic precursor Glucoraphanin (GRA). Under the induction of the exogenous signaling molecule methyl jasmonate (MeJA), the production of SF in broccoli hairy roots was significantly increased. However, the molecular mechanism of GRA and SF synthesis in hairy roots of broccoli treated with MeJA has not been reported. In this study, according to the yield of GRA and SF, the best concentration of MeJA treatment for hairy roots of broccoli was selected. After 18 days of growth, broccoli hairy roots were treated with 10 mmol L-1 MeJA for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h. Compared with 0 h, the yield of GRA and SF increased under other treatments. The highest yield of GRA and SF occurred at 9 h, which were 2.22-fold and 1.74-fold higher than those at 0 h. Brassica oleracea var. botrytis was used as reference genome, and 5,757 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were observed at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h under 10 mmol L-1 MeJA treatment, of which 4,673 were down-regulated and 1084 were up-regulated. The key genes regulating GRA synthesis, CYP79F1, CYP83A1, UGT74B1, FMOGS-OX5 and GSL-OH, were up-regulated at 0 and 3 h, and down-regulated the rest of the time; BCAT2 was up-regulated at 6, 9, 12 h, and at 0, 3 h expression was down-regulated, transcription factors MYB28 and MYB29 were down-regulated by exogenous MeJA treatment. A pathway of GRA biosynthesis and transformation pathways in MeJA-treated broccoli hairy roots was simulated and the molecular mechanism of GRA biosynthesis and SF accumulation in broccoli hairy roots under MeJA treatment was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Bao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ma
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoying Ma
- Basical Experimental Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchun Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
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Ma S, Bao J, Lu Y, Lu X, Tian P, Zhang X, Yang J, Shi X, Pu Z, Li S. Glucoraphanin and sulforaphane biosynthesis by melatonin mediating nitric oxide in hairy roots of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Planch): insights from transcriptome data. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:403. [PMID: 35974315 PMCID: PMC9382772 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucoraphanin (GRA) is present in the seeds and nutrient organs of broccoli and is the precursor of the anti-cancer compound sulforaphane (SF). The hairy roots obtained by infecting broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italic Planch) leaves with Agrobacterium rhizogenes (ATCC15834) are phytohormonally autonomous, genetically stable, and can produce large amounts of the anti-cancer substance SF. Melatonin (MT) is a natural hormone widely found in plants. Studies have shown that melatonin can regulate the synthesis of secondary metabolites of downstream targets by mediating the synthesis of signal molecules. However, whether MT regulates the synthesis of NO and H2O2 and mediates the synthesis mechanism of secondary metabolites, GRA and SF, is not yet clear. In this study, the hairy roots of broccoli were treated with 500 μmol/L MT, and the genome of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L) was used as the reference genome for transcriptome analysis. By this approach, we found that MT regulates the synthesis of NO and H2O2 and mediates the synthesis of secondary metabolites GRA and SF. GO annotations indicated that DEGs involved in the MT treatment of broccoli hairy roots were mainly related to catalytic activity, cells, and metabolic processes; the KEGG pathway analysis indicated that MT treatment likely affects the hormone signal transduction process in broccoli hairy roots; broccoli hairy roots were treated with 500 μmol/L MT for 0, 6, 12, 20, and 32 h, respectively; compared with 0 h, the yield of GRA and SF increased under the other treatments. The highest yields of GRA and SF occurred at 12 h. The NO content was the highest at 12 h, and the H2O2 content was positively correlated with MT concentration. The content of NO and H2O2 were regulated, and the content of GRA and SF was increased under MT treatment. NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME and TUN) could effectively inhibit the content of NO in broccoli hairy roots and reduce GRA and SF yield; MT could regulate NO levels by regulating NO synthesis-related enzymes and could alleviate the reduction of NO content in tissue cells caused by NO synthase inhibitor and promote NO synthesis. These results have important theoretical implications for understanding the regulation of GRA and SF synthesis events by NO and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Ma
- Basical Experimental Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jinyu Bao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yaqi Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xu Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaotong Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhihui Pu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, China.
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Liu Z, Wang H, Lv J, Luo S, Hu L, Wang J, Li L, Zhang G, Xie J, Yu J. Effects of Plant Hormones, Metal Ions, Salinity, Sugar, and Chemicals Pollution on Glucosinolate Biosynthesis in Cruciferous Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:856442. [PMID: 35574082 PMCID: PMC9096887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.856442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetable crops are grown widely around the world, which supply a multitude of health-related micronutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidant compounds. Glucosinolates (GSLs) are specialized metabolites found widely in cruciferous vegetables, which are not only related to flavor formation but also have anti-cancer, disease-resistance, and insect-resistance properties. The content and components of GSLs in the Cruciferae are not only related to genotypes and environmental factors but also are influenced by hormones, plant growth regulators, and mineral elements. This review discusses the effects of different exogenous substances on the GSL content and composition, and analyzes the molecular mechanism by which these substances regulate the biosynthesis of GSLs. Based on the current research status, future research directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lushan Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Zhang X, Bao J, Lu X, Tian P, Yang J, Wei Y, Li S, Ma S. Transcriptome analysis of melatonin regulating the transformation of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane in broccoli hairy roots. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:51-64. [PMID: 35221571 PMCID: PMC8847518 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SF) is one of the most effective natural products in preventing and fighting cancer, found in cruciferous plants. In this study, broccoli hairy roots grown for 20 d were used as the experimental material, and it was treated with 500 μmol/L melatonin (MT) for 0, 12 and 32 h to explore the effect of MT on the conversion of glucoraphanin (GRA) to SF. Results showed that the yields of GRA and SF were the largest under MT treatment for 12 h, which were 1.53 and 1.93-fold, respectively, compared to 0 h. However, Myrosinases activity was the highest under MT treatment for 32 h, which was 1.42-fold compared to that of the 0 h. The differential expression of key genes involved in GRA conversion to SF in broccoli hairy roots was identified transcriptome sequencing, and the path of the transformation from GRA to SF was simulated, which provided a theoretical basis for establishing an efficient transformation system from GRA to SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Jinyu Bao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Xu Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Yunchun Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Shaoying Ma
- Basical Experimental Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
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