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Dell'Osso B, Cremaschi L, Macellaro M, Cafaro R, Girone N. Bipolar disorder staging and the impact it has on its management: an update. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:565-574. [PMID: 38753491 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2355264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The longitudinal course of bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with an active process of neuroprogression, characterized by structural brain alterations and progressive functional impairment. In the last decades, a growing need of a standardized staging model for BD arose, with the aim of a more appropriate definition of stage-specific clinical manifestations and the identification of more customized therapeutic tools. AREAS COVERED The authors review the literature on clinical aspects, neurobiological correlates and treatment issues related to BD progression. Thereafter, they address the definition, constructs, and evolution of the staging concept, focusing on the clinical applications of BD staging models available in literature. EXPERT OPINION Although several staging models for BD have been proposed to date, their application in clinical practice is still relatively scant. This may have a detrimental impact on the clinical and therapeutic management of BD, in terms of early and proper diagnosis as well as tailored treatment interventions according to the different stages of illness. Future research efforts should tend to the integration of recent insights on neuroimaging and epigenetic markers, toward a standardized and multidimensional staging model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- CRC "Aldo Ravelli" for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura Cremaschi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Macellaro
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- CRC "Aldo Ravelli" for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Cafaro
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolaja Girone
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Houshyar M, Karimi H, Ghofrani-Jahromi Z, Nouri S, Vaseghi S. Crocin (bioactive compound of Crocus sativus L.) potently restores REM sleep deprivation-induced manic- and obsessive-compulsive-like behaviors in female rats. Behav Pharmacol 2024; 35:239-252. [PMID: 38567447 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation (SD) can induce manic-like behaviors including hyperlocomotion. On the other hand, crocin (one of the main compounds of Crocus sativus L. or Saffron) may be beneficial in the improvement of mental and cognitive dysfunctions. Also, crocin can restore the deleterious effects of SD on mental and cognitive processes. In this study, we investigated the effect of REM SD on female rats' behaviors including depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, locomotion, pain perception, and obsessive-compulsive-like behavior, and also, the potential effect of crocin on REM SD effects. We used female rats because evidence on the role of REM SD in modulating psychological and behavioral functions of female (but not male) rats is limited. REM SD was induced for 14 days (6h/day), and crocin (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. Open field test, forced swim test, hot plate test, and marble burying test were used to assess rats' behaviors. The results showed REM SD-induced manic-like behavior (hyperlocomotion). Also, REM SD rats showed decreased anxiety- and depression-like behavior, pain subthreshold (the duration it takes for the rat to feel pain), and showed obsessive compulsive-like behavior. However, crocin at all doses partially or fully reversed REM SD-induced behavioral changes. In conclusion, our results suggested the possible comorbidity of OCD and REM SD-induced manic-like behavior in female rats or the potential role of REM SD in the etiology of OCD, although more studies are needed. In contrast, crocin can be a possible therapeutic choice for decreasing manic-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Houshyar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr
| | - Hanie Karimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Zahra Ghofrani-Jahromi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
| | - Sarah Nouri
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
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Liu H, Ren X, Li Y, Cao Q, Yang L, Jiang S, Fu J, Gao J, Yan L, Li J, Yang W. Effects of different wheat bran fermentation sources on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant capacity and fecal microbiota in growing pigs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1289010. [PMID: 38033646 PMCID: PMC10687151 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1289010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the application of different wheat bran fermentation sources in growing pigs. A total of 320 pigs (43 ± 0.21 kg), were randomly allocated to 5 groups in a 21-d trial. The control group was fed a basal diet (CON) containing raw wheat bran, and the other four treatments were fed the diets in which the raw wheat bran in the basal diet was substituted with Aspergillus niger (WBA), Bacillus licheniformis (WBB), Candida utilis (WBC), and Lactobacillus plantarum (WBL) fermented wheat bran, respectively. The results showed that compared to the CON group, the crude fiber and pH values were decreased (p < 0.05), while the gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), and lactic acid values were increased (p < 0.05) in all the wheat bran fermented by different strains. Compared with other treatments, feeding B. licheniformis fermented wheat bran had higher final weight, average daily gain, as well as lower feed-to-gain ratio. Compared with CON group, pigs fed with fermented wheat bran diets had higher dry matter, CP, and GE availability, serum total protein, albumin and superoxide dismutase levels, and fecal Lactobacillus counts, as well as lower malondialdehyde level and fecal Escherichia coli count. Collectively, our findings suggested that feeding fermented wheat bran, especially B. licheniformis fermented wheat bran, showed beneficial effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant capacity, and the gut microbiota structure of growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaojie Ren
- Shandong Taishan Shengliyuan Group Co., Ltd., Tai’an, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | | | - Lijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jiawei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Biology and Brewing Engineering, Mount Taishan College, Tai’an, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Junxun Li
- Shandong Taishan Shengliyuan Group Co., Ltd., Tai’an, China
| | - Weiren Yang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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Polat N, Beyaztas H, Aktas S, Maden O, Metin Guler E. Comparison of oxidative stress parameters, thiol-disulfide homeostasis, and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in patients with bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 162:103-112. [PMID: 37148601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to compare the oxidative stress parameters, thiol-disulfide homeostasis, and plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines levels of patients with bipolar disorder (BD), BD patients' first-degree relatives (FDRs), and the healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Thirty-five patients with BD, 35 FDRs of BD, and 35 healthy controls (HCs) were included. The individuals' ages varied from 28 to 58, and the groups were well-matched in terms of age and gender. The total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), disulfide (DIS), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations were measured from serum samples. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated using mathematical formulas. RESULTS TOS was significantly higher in both patients and FDRs than HCs (p < 0.01 for all pairwise comparisons). OSI, DIS, oxidized thiol, and the ratio of thiol oxidation-reduction levels were significantly higher in both patients with BD and FDRs than HCs (p < 0.01 for all pairwise comparisons). TAS, TT, NT, and reduced thiol levels were significantly lower in both patients with BD and FDRs than HCs (p < 0.01 for all pairwise comparisons). IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly higher in both patients and FDRs than HCs (p < 0.01 for all pairwise comparisons). LIMITATIONS Small sample size. CONCLUSIONS Early diagnosis is important for treating of bipolar disorder. TT, NT, DIS, TOS, TAS, OSI, IL1-β, IL-6, and TNF-α can be used as potential biomarkers in the early diagnosis and intervention of BD. Furthermore, oxidative/antioxidative markers and plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine parameters may guide the determination of the disease's activity and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naci Polat
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Beyaztas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selman Aktas
- Department of Biostatistics, Haydarpasa University of Health Sciences Turkey, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Biostatistics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Institue of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Maden
- Department of Mental Health and Diseases, University of Health Sciences Sultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eray Metin Guler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Haydarpasa Numune Health Application and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kennedy KG, Islam AH, Karthikeyan S, Metcalfe AWS, McCrindle BW, MacIntosh BJ, Black S, Goldstein BI. Differential association of endothelial function with brain structure in youth with versus without bipolar disorder. J Psychosom Res 2023; 167:111180. [PMID: 36764023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood symptoms and disorders are associated with impaired endothelial function, a marker of early atherosclerosis. Given the increased vascular burden and neurostructural differences among individuals with mood disorders, we investigated the endothelial function and brain structure interface in relation to youth bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS This cross-sectional case-controlled study included 115 youth, ages 13-20 years (n = 66 BD; n = 49 controls [CG]). Cortical thickness and volume for regions of interest (ROI; insular cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex [vlPFC], temporal lobe) were acquired from FreeSurfer processed T1-weighted MRI images. Endothelial function was assessed using pulse amplitude tonometry, yielding a reactive hyperemia index (RHI). ROI and vertex-wise analyses controlling for age, sex, obesity, and intracranial volume investigated for RHI-neurostructural associations, and RHI-by-diagnosis interactions. RESULTS In ROI analyses, higher RHI (i.e., better endothelial function) was associated with lower thickness in the insular cortex (β = -0.19, pFDR = 0.03), vlPFC (β = -0.30, pFDR = 0.003), and temporal lobe (β = -0.22, pFDR = 0.01); and lower temporal lobe volume (β = -0.16, pFDR = 0.01) in the overall sample. In vertex-wise analyses, higher RHI was associated with lower cortical thickness and volume in the insular cortex, prefrontal cortex (e.g., vlPFC), and temporal lobe. Additionally, higher RHI was associated with lower vlPFC and temporal lobe volume to a greater extent in youth with BD vs. CG. CONCLUSIONS Better endothelial function was associated with lower regional brain thickness and volume, contrasting the hypothesized associations. Additionally, we found evidence that this pattern was exaggerated in youth with BD. Future studies examining the direction of the observed associations and underlying mechanisms are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kody G Kennedy
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Alvi H Islam
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sudhir Karthikeyan
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Arron W S Metcalfe
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian W McCrindle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Labatt Family Heart Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Computational Radiology & Artificial Intelligence (CRAI) Unit, Dept of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sandra Black
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Grewal S, McKinlay S, Kapczinski F, Pfaffenseller B, Wollenhaupt-Aguiar B. Biomarkers of neuroprogression and late staging in bipolar disorder: A systematic review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2023; 57:328-343. [PMID: 35403455 PMCID: PMC9950598 DOI: 10.1177/00048674221091731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder may undertake a progressive course in a subset of patients, and research efforts have been made to understand the biological basis underlying this process. This systematic review examined the literature available on biological markers associated with illness progression in bipolar disorder. METHODS Peer-reviewed articles were assessed using Embase, PsycINFO and PubMed, as well as from external sources. After initial screening, a total of 871 citations from databases and other sources were identified. Participants with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder were included in our systematic review; however, studies with participants younger than 15 or older than 65 were excluded. All studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment tool, and data pertaining to the results were extracted into tabular form using Google Sheets and Google Documents. The systematic review was registered on PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (ID Number: CRD42020154305). RESULTS A total of 35 studies were included in the systematic review. Increased ventricular size and reduction of grey matter volume were the most common brain changes associated with illness progression in bipolar disorder. Among the several biomarkers evaluated in this systematic review, findings also indicate a role of peripheral inflammatory markers in this process. DISCUSSION The studies evaluating the biological basis of the illness progression in bipolar disorder are still scarce and heterogeneous. However, current evidence supports the notion of neuroprogression, the pathophysiological process related to progressive brain changes associated with clinical progression in patients with bipolar disorder. The increase in peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and the neuroanatomical changes in bipolar disorder suggest progressive systemic and structural brain alterations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Grewal
- Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart McKinlay
- Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph’s
Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e
Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade
Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pfaffenseller
- Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph’s
Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bianca Wollenhaupt-Aguiar
- Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph’s
Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Cecerska-Heryć E, Polikowska A, Serwin N, Roszak M, Grygorcewicz B, Heryć R, Michalczyk A, Dołęgowska B. Importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and monitoring of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, a review. Neurochem Int 2021; 153:105269. [PMID: 34971747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as the persistent imbalance between the activity of toxic reactive forms of both oxygen and nitrogen and the antioxidant defense. In low concentrations, they are essential for the proper functioning of the body. Still, their excessive amount contributes to the damage of the biomolecules, consequently leading to various pathologies of the organism. Due to the lipid-rich brain structure, enormous oxygen consumption, and the lack of a sufficient antioxidant barrier make it highly susceptible to oxidative imbalance. Hence, oxidative stress has been linked to various psychiatric disorders. These diseases include all behavioral, emotional, and cognitive abnormalities associated with a significant impediment to social life. Each of the diseases in question: Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder, is characterized by excessive oxidative stress. Considerable damages to DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and mitochondrial dysfunction, are observed. All conditions show increased lipid peroxidation, which appears to be typical of psychiatric disorders because the brain contains large amounts of these types of molecules. In addition, numerous abnormalities in the antioxidant defense are noted, but the results of studies on the activity of antioxidant enzymes differ significantly. The most promising biomarkers seem to be GSH in Alzheimer's disease as an early-stage marker of the disease and thioredoxin in schizophrenia as a marker for therapy monitoring. Data from the literature are consistent with the decrease in antioxidants such as vitamin C, E, uric acid, albumin, etc. Despite these numerous inconsistencies, it seems that oxidative stress is present in the course of psychiatric diseases. Still, it cannot be conclusively determined whether it is the direct cause of development, a consequence of other abnormalities at the biochemical or molecular level, or the result of the disease itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Polikowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Serwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Roszak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał Heryć
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Michalczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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Atagun Mİ, Atay OC, Balaban OD, Ipekcioglu D, Alpugan B, Yalcin S, Senat A, Karamustafalioglu N, Ilnem MC, Erel O. Serum nitric oxide levels are depleted in depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Indian J Psychiatry 2021; 63:456-461. [PMID: 34789933 PMCID: PMC8522622 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1441_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous substance which has several endocrine functions and may act as neurotransmitter in the brain. High levels of NO may provoke nitrosative stress. AIM It was aimed to examine serum levels of NO in patients with depressive episodes who were treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in this study. METHODS The design was a case-control, follow-up study. Patients with depressive episodes (n = 23) and a healthy control group (n = 21) were enrolled. Three serum samples were obtained from the patient group (before ECT, after first and seventh sessions). NO, nitrite, and nitrate levels were examined. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Differences between groups were examined with t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. Longitudinal data were evaluated with Panel Regression Analysis and Kruskal-Wallis Test. RESULTS Serum levels of NO and nitrite decreased significantly after the seventh session of ECT administration compared to the baseline and first session. Nitrate levels did not differ between the assessments. CONCLUSIONS Reduction of the serum NO and nitrite levels might be a contributing factor for hypertension during the sessions. These findings are reflect the circulating NO levels. Further studies may dissect NO physiology in the brain in mental disorders and potential external effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat İlhan Atagun
- Department of Psychiatry, Izmir Bakircay University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozge Canbek Atay
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem D Balaban
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Ipekcioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Alpugan
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suat Yalcin
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Almila Senat
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Karamustafalioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet C Ilnem
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
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Uzzan S, Azab AN. Anti-TNF-α Compounds as a Treatment for Depression. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082368. [PMID: 33921721 PMCID: PMC8073844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people around the world suffer from psychiatric illnesses, causing unbearable burden and immense distress to patients and their families. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation may contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders such as major depression and bipolar disorder. Copious studies have consistently shown that patients with mood disorders have increased levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Given these findings, selective anti-TNF-α compounds were tested as a potential therapeutic strategy for mood disorders. This mini-review summarizes the results of studies that examined the mood-modulating effects of anti-TNF-α drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Uzzan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School for Community Health Professions—Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Abed N. Azab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School for Community Health Professions—Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
- Department of Nursing, School for Community Health Professions—Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-8-6479880; Fax: +972-8-6477683
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10
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Avcil S, Uysal P, Yenisey Ç, Abas BI. Elevated Melatonin Levels in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Relationship to Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:693-703. [PMID: 30819002 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719829816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this article is to measure serum antioxidant melatonin, the oxidants of nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels to calculate the serum oxidant-antioxidant balance based on the nitric oxide/melatonin and malondialdehyde/melatonin ratios in children with ADHD. Method: The serum melatonin, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and the nitric oxide/melatonin and malondialdehyde/melatonin ratios were calculated and compared between the children with ADHD (n = 103) and healthy control participants (n = 73). Results: Serum melatonin and nitric oxide levels were higher, and the nitric oxide/melatonin and malondialdehyde/melatonin ratios were lower in ADHD children than the control group. Melatonin was found to be significantly high, and the malondialdehyde/melatonin ratio was found to be significantly low in children with a positive ADHD family history. Conclusion: The serum oxidant-antioxidant balance was impaired in children with ADHD. Within the ADHD group, higher melatonin levels were determined in the children with a positive family history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pınar Uysal
- Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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11
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Cyrino LAR, Delwing-de Lima D, Ullmann OM, Maia TP. Concepts of Neuroinflammation and Their Relationship With Impaired Mitochondrial Functions in Bipolar Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:609487. [PMID: 33732117 PMCID: PMC7959852 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.609487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric disease, characterized by frequent behavioral episodes of depression and mania, and neurologically by dysregulated neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, growth factor signaling, and metabolism, as well as oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis, contributing to chronic neuroinflammation. These abnormalities result from complex interactions between multiple susceptibility genes and environmental factors such as stress. The neurocellular abnormalities of BD can result in gross morphological changes, such as reduced prefrontal and hippocampal volume, and circuit reorganization resulting in cognitive and emotional deficits. The term "neuroprogression" is used to denote the progressive changes from early to late stages, as BD severity and loss of treatment response correlate with the number of past episodes. In addition to circuit and cellular abnormalities, BD is associated with dysfunctional mitochondria, leading to severe metabolic disruption in high energy-demanding neurons and glia. Indeed, mitochondrial dysfunction involving electron transport chain (ETC) disruption is considered the primary cause of chronic oxidative stress in BD. The ensuing damage to membrane lipids, proteins, and DNA further perpetuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, creating a perpetuating pathogenic cycle. A deeper understanding of BD pathophysiology and identification of associated biomarkers of neuroinflammation are needed to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of this debilitating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Arthur Rangel Cyrino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Laboratório de Práticas Farmacêuticas of Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville Region—UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, University of Joinville—UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville—UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
| | - Daniela Delwing-de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Laboratório de Práticas Farmacêuticas of Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville Region—UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville—UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, University of Joinville—UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
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12
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Giménez-Palomo A, Dodd S, Anmella G, Carvalho AF, Scaini G, Quevedo J, Pacchiarotti I, Vieta E, Berk M. The Role of Mitochondria in Mood Disorders: From Physiology to Pathophysiology and to Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:546801. [PMID: 34295268 PMCID: PMC8291901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.546801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles involved in several biological processes, especially in energy production. Several studies have found a relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Impairments in energy production are found in these disorders together with higher levels of oxidative stress. Recently, many agents capable of enhancing antioxidant defenses or mitochondrial functioning have been studied for the treatment of mood disorders as adjuvant therapy to current pharmacological treatments. A better knowledge of mitochondrial physiology and pathophysiology might allow the identification of new therapeutic targets and the development and study of novel effective therapies to treat these specific mitochondrial impairments. This could be especially beneficial for treatment-resistant patients. In this article, we provide a focused narrative review of the currently available evidence supporting the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in mood disorders, the effects of current therapies on mitochondrial functions, and novel targeted therapies acting on mitochondrial pathways that might be useful for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giménez-Palomo
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Seetal Dodd
- Deakin University, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil.,Center of Excellence in Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Berk
- School of Medicine, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Simeonova D, Stoyanov D, Leunis JC, Murdjeva M, Maes M. Construction of a nitro-oxidative stress-driven, mechanistic model of mood disorders: A nomothetic network approach. Nitric Oxide 2020; 106:45-54. [PMID: 33186727 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is accompanied by increased IgM-mediated autoimmune responses to oxidative specific epitopes (OSEs) and nitric oxide (NO)-adducts. These responses were not examined in bipolar disorder type 1 (BP1) and BP2. IgM responses to malondialdehyde (MDA), phosphatidinylinositol, oleic acid, azelaic acid, and NO-adducts were determined in 35 healthy controls, and 47 major depressed (MDD), 29 BP1, and 25 BP2 patients. We also measured serum peroxides, IgG to oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and IgM/IgA directed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). IgM responses to OSEs and NO-adducts (OSENO) were significantly higher in MDD and BP1 as compared with controls, and IgM to OSEs higher in MDD than in BP2. Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis showed that 57.7% of the variance in the clinical phenome of mood disorders was explained by number of episodes, a latent vector extracted from IgM to OSENO, IgG to oxLDL, and peroxides. There were significant specific indirect effects of IgA/IgM to LPS on the clinical phenome, which were mediated by peroxides, IgM OSENO, and IgG oxLDL. Using PLS we have constructed a data-driven nomothetic network which ensembled causome (increased plasma LPS load), adverse outcome pathways (namely neuro-affective toxicity), and clinical phenome features of mood disorders in a data-driven model. Based on those feature sets, cluster analysis discovered a new diagnostic class characterized by increased plasma LPS load, peroxides, autoimmune responses to OSENO, and increased phenome scores. Using the new nomothetic network approach, we constructed a mechanistically transdiagnostic diagnostic class indicating neuro-affective toxicity in 74.3% of the mood disorder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denitsa Simeonova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Drozdstoy Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Marianna Murdjeva
- Research Institute, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Section of Immunological Assessment of Chronic Stress, Technological Center of Emergency Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Impact Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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14
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Mangge H, Bengesser S, Dalkner N, Birner A, Fellendorf F, Platzer M, Queissner R, Pilz R, Maget A, Reininghaus B, Hamm C, Bauer K, Rieger A, Zelzer S, Fuchs D, Reininghaus E. Weight Gain During Treatment of Bipolar Disorder (BD)-Facts and Therapeutic Options. Front Nutr 2019; 6:76. [PMID: 31245376 PMCID: PMC6579840 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a mood disorder, which is characterized by alternating affective states, namely (hypo)mania, depression, and euthymia. Evidence is growing that BPD has indeed a biologic substrate characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and disturbed energy metabolism. Apart from this, there is obviously a hereditary component of this disease with multi-genetic factors. Most probably a susceptibility threshold favors the outbreak of clinical disease after a cascade of stress events that remain to be elucidated in more detail. Evidence is also growing that weak points in brain energy metabolism contribute to outbreak and severity of BPD. Conventional psychopharmacologic therapy must be reassessed under the aspects of weight cycling and development of central obesity as a deterioration factor for a worse clinical course leading to early cardiovascular events in BPD subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frederike Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Queissner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rene Pilz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Maget
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carlo Hamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Konstantin Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Rieger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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15
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Lutein prevents corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior in mice with the involvement of antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 179:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Ceylan MF, Tural Hesapcioglu S, Kasak M, Senat A, Erel O. Increased prolidase activity and high blood monocyte counts in pediatric bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:360-364. [PMID: 30529319 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Various psychological, genetic, and biochemical factors are thought to be involved in the aetiology of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). However, few studies have evaluated the biochemical basis of PBD. The level of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum prolidase activity were determined in PBD and matched healthy comparison subjects. Blood from 38 (age range: 14-17) PBD-type I and 37 age- and gender-matched healthy comparison subjects was analyzed for numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and serum prolidase activity. The prolidase activity and monocyte count were significantly higher in PBD than the control group. There were no significant differences in numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, LMR and NLR between the patient and control groups. These results suggest that the immune system and prolidase activity may be activated in PBD. There is a clinical benefit from the early detection of PBD using serum prolidase activity levels and monocyte counts. Especially, prolidase activity may be a trait marker for diagnosing PBD. However, further studies are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Fatih Ceylan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Selma Tural Hesapcioglu
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meryem Kasak
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Almila Senat
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Zhou QG, Zhu XH, Nemes AD, Zhu DY. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and affective disorders. IBRO Rep 2018; 5:116-132. [PMID: 30591953 PMCID: PMC6303682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BPD), and general anxiety affect more than 10% of population in the world. Notably, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), a downstream signal molecule of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) activation, is abundant in many regions of the brain such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, amygdala, dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), locus coeruleus (LC), and hypothalamus, which are closely associated with the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Decreased levels of the neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine or serotonin (5-HT), noradrenalin (NA), and dopamine (DA) as well as hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are common pathological changes of MDD, BPD, and anxiety. Increasing data suggests that nNOS in the hippocampus play a crucial role in the etiology of MDD whereas nNOS-related dysregulation of the nitrergic system in the LC is closely associated with the pathogenesis of BPD. Moreover, hippocampal nNOS is implicated in the role of serotonin receptor 1 A (5-HTR1 A) in modulating anxiety behaviors. Augment of nNOS and its carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand (CAPON) complex mediate stress-induced anxiety and disrupting the nNOS-CAPON interaction by small molecular drug generates anxiolytic effect. To date, however, the function of nNOS in affective disorders is not well reviewed. Here, we summarize works about nNOS and its signal mechanisms implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. On the basis of this review, it is suggested that future research should more fully focus on the role of nNOS in the pathomechanism and treatment of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Xian-Hui Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Ashley D Nemes
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
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18
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Cingi Yirün M, Ünal K, Yirün O, Kiliç OHT, Erel Ö. Thiol/disulphide homeostasis in manic episode and remission phases of bipolar disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 2018; 72:572-577. [PMID: 30178694 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1497200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronical psychiatric disorder of which pathophysiology was demonstrated to be related with oxidative stress. Thiol-disulphide homeostasis is an indicator of oxidative balance. This study aims to investigate thiol-disulphide homeostasis in BD. MATERIALS AND METHODS 27 patients in manic episode (MA), 29 patients in remission (RE) and 60 healthy participants (HC) were included to the study. Serum native thiol and total thiol levels were measured with a novel colorimetric, automated method. The disulphide levels and disulphide/native thiol ratios were also calculated from these measured parameters. RESULTS Native thiol levels and total thiol levels of both MA and RE groups were lower than HC. No significant difference detected between MA and RE in terms of native thiol levels and total thiol levels. Disulphide levels and disulphide/native thiol ratio was detected statistically similar between three groups. CONCLUSION Our results support the oxidative imbalance theory in pathophysiology of BD. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed for being able to understand these pathways in detail and use them as a target of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Onur Yirün
- a Bartın State Hospital , Bartın , Turkey
| | | | - Özcan Erel
- d Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi , Ankara , Turkey
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19
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Pehlivan S, Yazici AB, Aydin N, Nursal AF, Kurnaz S, Ongel Atar A, Sever U, Kincir Z, Pehlivan M, Cetinay Aydin P. Possible association between DNA repair gene variants and cannabis dependence in a Turkish cohort: a pilot study. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1468615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sacide Pehlivan
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bulent Yazici
- Department of Psychiatry, Sakarya University Education and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Nazan Aydin
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Prof Dr. Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurological Disorders Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Feyda Nursal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Selin Kurnaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Ongel Atar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Prof Dr. Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurological Disorders Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulgen Sever
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Kincir
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Prof Dr. Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurological Disorders Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Pehlivan
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Pınar Cetinay Aydin
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Prof Dr. Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurological Disorders Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Ghasemi M, Claunch J, Niu K. Pathologic role of nitrergic neurotransmission in mood disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 173:54-87. [PMID: 29890213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders are chronic, recurrent mental diseases that affect millions of individuals worldwide. Although over the past 40 years the biogenic amine models have provided meaningful links with the clinical phenomena of, and the pharmacological treatments currently employed in, mood disorders, there is still a need to examine the contribution of other systems to the neurobiology and treatment of mood disorders. This article reviews the current literature describing the potential role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the pathophysiology and thereby the treatment of mood disorders. The hypothesis has arisen from several observations including (i) altered NO levels in patients with mood disorders; (ii) antidepressant effects of NO signaling blockers in both clinical and pre-clinical studies; (iii) interaction between conventional antidepressants/mood stabilizers and NO signaling modulators in several biochemical and behavioral studies; (iv) biochemical and physiological evidence of interaction between monoaminergic (serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine) system and NO signaling; (v) interaction between neurotrophic factors and NO signaling in mood regulation and neuroprotection; and finally (vi) a crucial role for NO signaling in the inflammatory processes involved in pathophysiology of mood disorders. These accumulating lines of evidence have provided a new insight into novel approaches for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Joshua Claunch
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Kathy Niu
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
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21
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Shefa U, Kim D, Kim MS, Jeong NY, Jung J. Roles of Gasotransmitters in Synaptic Plasticity and Neuropsychiatric Conditions. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:1824713. [PMID: 29853837 PMCID: PMC5960547 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1824713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is important for maintaining normal neuronal activity and proper neuronal functioning in the nervous system. It is crucial for regulating synaptic transmission or electrical signal transduction to neuronal networks, for sharing essential information among neurons, and for maintaining homeostasis in the body. Moreover, changes in synaptic or neural plasticity are associated with many neuropsychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BP), major depressive disorder (MDD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The improper maintenance of neural plasticity causes incorrect neurotransmitter transmission, which can also cause neuropsychiatric conditions. Gas neurotransmitters (gasotransmitters), such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO), and carbon monoxide (CO), play roles in maintaining synaptic plasticity and in helping to restore such plasticity in the neuronal architecture in the central nervous system (CNS). Indeed, the upregulation or downregulation of these gasotransmitters may cause neuropsychiatric conditions, and their amelioration may restore synaptic plasticity and proper neuronal functioning and thereby improve such conditions. Understanding the specific molecular mechanisms underpinning these effects can help identify ways to treat these neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulfuara Shefa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32 Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, 13 Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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22
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Akarsu S, Bolu A, Aydemir E, Zincir SB, Kurt YG, Zincir S, Erdem M, Uzun Ö. The Relationship between the Number of Manic Episodes and Oxidative Stress Indicators in Bipolar Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:514-519. [PMID: 29674601 PMCID: PMC5975995 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2016.12.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes that has a lifetime prevalence of 0.4- 5.5%. The neurochemical mechanism of BD is not fully understood. Oxidative stress in neurons causes lipid peroxidation in proteins associated with neuronal membranes and intracellular enzymes and it may lead to dysfunction in neurotransmitter reuptake and enzyme activities. These pathological processes are thought to occur in brain regions associated with affective functions and emotions in BD. The relationship between the number of manic episodes and total oxidant-antioxidant capacity was investigated in this study. METHODS Eighty-two BD patients hospitalized due to manic symptoms and with no episodes of depression were enrolled in the study. Thirty of the 82 patients had had their first episode of mania, and the other 52 patients had had two or more manic episodes. The control group included 45 socio-demographically matched healthy individuals. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant capacity (TOC) measurements of the participants were performed. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated by TOC/TAC. RESULTS There were no significant differences in OSI scores between BD patients with first-episode mania and BD patients with more than one manic episode. However, OSI scores in both groups were significantly higher than in the control group. TOC levels of BD patients with first-episode mania were found to be significantly higher than TOC levels of BD patients with more than one manic episode and healthy controls. There were no significant differences in TAC levels between BD patients with first-episode mania and BD patients with more than one manic episode. TAC levels in both groups were significantly higher than in the control group. CONCLUSION Significant changes in oxidative stress indicators were observed in this study, confirming previous studies. Increased levels of oxidants were shown with increased disease severity rather than with the number of manic episodes. Systematic studies, including of each period of the disorder, are needed for using the findings indicating deterioration of oxidative parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Akarsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Freelance Physician, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Bolu
- Department of Psychiatry, Gülhane Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Aydemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Beytepe State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selma Bozkurt Zincir
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Park Göztepe Hospital Complex, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Serkan Zincir
- Department of Psychiatry, Eskişehir State Hospital, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Murat Erdem
- Department of Psychiatry, Bilted Psychiatry Treatment Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Uzun
- Department of Psychiatry, Gülhane Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Major Differences in Neurooxidative and Neuronitrosative Stress Pathways Between Major Depressive Disorder and Types I and II Bipolar Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:141-156. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Metallomics Applied to the Study of Neurodegenerative and Mental Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1055:21-37. [PMID: 29884960 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90143-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical imbalances, provoked by aging or a secondary illness, might directly affect the brain, causing severe problems, such as loss of memory or alteration of behavior patterns. Brain disorders are usually classified as injuries (such as stroke, hematomas, and concussions), tumors, and neurodegenerative (such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases) and mental (such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) diseases. As the pathophysiology of these illnesses is not completely established and multiple factors are involved, metallomics, a bioanalytical strategy that allows the detection of metal ions and metalloproteins in diverse biological matrices, is of extreme relevance in identifying which elements are affected by a disease and/or treatment. Thus, determining which element ions suffer disturbances in their homeostasis during the disease progress is relevant to understand the biochemical changes and propose new drug targets. In addition, it is well known that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of pathological neurodegenerative and mental diseases, which may be caused by metal ion dyshomeostasis, so it is also important to understand endogenous antioxidant metalloprotein and metalloenzyme mechanisms in this regard. In this context, recent applications of metallomics in the study of neurodegenerative and mental disorders are discussed in this chapter, as well as future trends in this research area.
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Dalmagro AP, Camargo A, Zeni ALB. Morus nigra and its major phenolic, syringic acid, have antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1963-1973. [PMID: 28822021 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a disorder with a high incidence that has been increasing worldwide although the pathophysiology remains unclear. Moreover, some studies revealed a higher concentration of glutamate and oxidative stress in the patients' brain, which causes cell death by excitotoxicity. Morus nigra L. is known as black mulberry and its leaves are popularly used to treat affections related to menopause, obesity and high cholesterol. M. nigra leaves are a rich fount of phenolics which well-known by the antioxidant property. Herein, we examined the phenolic profile and the antidepressant-like effect of the Morus nigra aqueous extract (MN) and its major phenolic constituent, syringic acid (SA). Furthermore, the involvement of antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were further evaluated. Our results show that acute and subchronic MN or SA administration exerted antidepressant-like property in the behavioral testes in mice. The results suggest that the antidepressant-like effect of MN, at least in part, could be due to the SA influence. Moreover, the observed effect involves the nitro-oxidative system modulation in both the serum and brain of mice. Furthermore, MN or SA was able to contain the glutamate-induced cell death in the hippocampal and cortical slices implicating the neuroprotection activity in the antidepressant-like effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Dalmagro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, CEP 89030-903, Brazil
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, CEP 89030-903, Campus I, Blumenau, SC, 89012-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Camargo
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, CEP 89030-903, Campus I, Blumenau, SC, 89012-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Bertarello Zeni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, CEP 89030-903, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, CEP 89030-903, Campus I, Blumenau, SC, 89012-900, Brazil.
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Barbosa IG, Rocha NP, Alpak G, Vieira ELM, Huguet RB, Rocha FL, de Oliveira Diniz BS, Teixeira AL. Klotho dysfunction: A pathway linking the aging process to bipolar disorder? J Psychiatr Res 2017; 95:80-83. [PMID: 28806578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Although accelerated aging profile has been described in bipolar disorder (BD), the biology linking BD and aging is still largely unknown. Reduced levels and/or activity of a protein named Klotho is associated with decreased life span, premature aging and occurrence of age-related diseases. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate plasma levels of Klotho in BD patients and controls. METHODS Forty patients with type 1 BD and 30 controls were enrolled in this study. After clinical evaluation, peripheral blood samples were drawn and plasma levels of Klotho were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Patients with BD and controls presented similar age and sex distribution. The mean ± SD length of illness was 24.00 ± 12.75 years. BD patients presented increased frequency of clinical comorbidities in comparison with controls, mainly arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism. Both patients with BD in remission and in mania exhibited increased plasma levels of Klotho in comparison with controls. There was no significant difference between patients in mania and patients in remission regarding the levels of Klotho. CONCLUSION Klotho-related pathway is altered in BD. Contrary to our original hypothesis, our sample of patients with BD presented increased plasma levels of Klotho in comparison with controls. Elevated levels of Klotho in long-term BD patients may be associated with the disorder progression. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of Klotho in BD and other mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Guimarães Barbosa
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Natalia Pessoa Rocha
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Suite 3140, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Gokay Alpak
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Suite 3140, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Erica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Barreto Huguet
- Instituto de Previdência dos Servidores do Estado de Minas Gerais (IPSEMG), Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 225, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, 30130-110, Brazil
| | - Fabio Lopes Rocha
- Instituto de Previdência dos Servidores do Estado de Minas Gerais (IPSEMG), Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 225, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, 30130-110, Brazil
| | - Breno Satler de Oliveira Diniz
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Suite 3140, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Antonio Lucio Teixeira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Suite 3140, Houston, 77054, USA.
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Bayazit H, Selek S, Karababa IF, Cicek E, Aksoy N. Evaluation of Oxidant/Antioxidant Status and Cytokine Levels in Patients with Cannabis Use Disorder. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 15:237-242. [PMID: 28783932 PMCID: PMC5565077 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.3.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug in the world and it has several adverse effects such as anxiety, panic reactions and psychotic symptoms. In this study, we aimed to evaluate oxidant, anti-oxidant status and cytokine levels in individuals with cannabis use disorder. Methods Thirty-four patients with cannabis use disorder and 34 healthy controls were enrolled to the study. Serum total antioxidant status, total oxidant status and cytokine levels were investigated in patients with cannabis use disorder and healthy controls. Results We found increased levels of total oxidant status, oxidative stress index and interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α in individuals with cannabis dependency compared to healthy people. When we compared total antioxidant status, IL-12, and interferon (IFN) γ levels, there were no differences in both groups. There was positive correlation between IL-6 and total oxidant status, oxidative stress index levels. Conclusion The oxidative balance of individuals with cannabis use disorder was impaired and they had higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, which is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and indicates increased inflammation compared to healthy controls. Thus, these findings suggest that cannabis increased inflammation and impaired the oxidative balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Bayazit
- Department of Psychiatry, Siverek State Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Salih Selek
- Harris County Psychiatric Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Erdinc Cicek
- Department of Psychiatry, Çumra State Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nurten Aksoy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Harran, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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Gunes M, Altindag A, Bulut M, Demir S, Ibiloglu AO, Kaya MC, Atli A, Aksoy N. Oxidative metabolism may be associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2017.1293243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Şenyurt M, Aybek H, Herken H, Kaptanoglu B, Korkmaz A. Evaluation of Oxidative Status in Patients Treated with Electroconvulsive Therapy. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 15:40-46. [PMID: 28138109 PMCID: PMC5290719 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used in the treatment of many psychiatric diseases and this therapy may be effective on antioxidant defence system. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of ECT on oxidative stress. Methods Fourteen major depression, 11 schizophrenia and 8 bipolar affective disorder patients diagnosed and received ECT treatment, and 37 healthy volunteers enrolled in the study. ECT was applied to all patients. Before ECT, after the first and last ECTs, serum samples were obtained. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and calculated oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in patients before and after ECTs. Results TOS values before ECT were higher in major depression (p=0.005) and schizophrenia (p=0.001) groups compared to the control group. TAS values were lower in major depression (p=0.0001), schizophrenia (p=0.004), bipolar affective disorder (p=0.004) groups compared to the controls. Also OSI values were higher in major depression (p=0.0001), schizophrenia (p=0.001), bipolar affective disorder (p=0.009) groups compared to healthy group. After the last ECT, TOS values were significantly lower compared to TOS values before ECT in major depression (p=0.004) and schizophrenia patients (p=0.004). TAS values after the first ECT were higher compared to values before ECT in major depression patients (p=0.004). After last ECT, OSI values were significantly lower compared to before ECT in schizophrenia patients (p=0.006). Conclusion As a result, it can be said that ECT did not increase oxidative stress. However, further studies with more patients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Şenyurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hulya Aybek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hasan Herken
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Bunyamin Kaptanoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ali Korkmaz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sivas Numune Hospital, Sivas, Turkey
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Ercan AC, Bahceci B, Polat S, Cenker OC, Bahceci I, Koroglu A, Sahin K, Hocaoglu C. Oxidative status and prolidase activities in generalized anxiety disorder. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 25:118-122. [PMID: 28262130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prolidase (Pro), an intracellular enzyme necessary for collagen turnover, matrix remodelling and cell growth has been shown to be related to Oxidative Stress (OS). To our knowledge, serum Pro activity in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has not been documented yet. In this study, we aimed to evaluate OS and its relation with Pro activity in patients diagnosed with GAD. METHOD Thirty untreated GAD patients and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from all subjects to quantify total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and Pro activity. Oxidative stress index (OSI), the ratio of TOS to TAS, is calculated to evaluate the balance between antioxidants and oxidants. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) was used to determine the anxiety levels of all subjects. RESULTS GAD group demonstrated statistically significantly higher TOS, OSI and Pro levels, when compared with the control group (t=2.947, p=0.005; t=2.874, p=0.006; and t=9.396, p<0.001 respectively). HARS scores were found to be positively correlated with TOS, OSI and Pro levels (p=0.008, r=0.338; p=0.008, r=0.339; and p<0.001, r=0.751 respectively). CONCLUSION The degree of severity of OS is correlated with the levels of Pro. Thus, Pro might be the target enzyme, promising to be a marker for the follow-up of GAD patients. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report a significant relation between Pro activity and GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cenk Ercan
- Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize Research and Training Hospital. Rize Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Poliklinigi 53020 Rize, Turkey.
| | - Bulent Bahceci
- Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize Research and Training Hospital. Rize Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Poliklinigi 53020 Rize, Turkey.
| | - Selim Polat
- Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize Research and Training Hospital. Rize Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Poliklinigi 53020 Rize, Turkey.
| | - Ozgur Cagla Cenker
- Department of Psychiatry, Rize Kackar State Hospital. Kackar Devlet Hastanesi Psikiyatri Poliklinigi 53340 Pazar Rize, Turkey.
| | - Ilkay Bahceci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize Research and Training Hospital. Rize Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Medikal Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı 53020 Rize, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Koroglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize Research and Training Hospital. Rize Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Poliklinigi 53020 Rize, Turkey.
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize Research and Training Hospital. Rize Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Medikal Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı 53020 Rize, Turkey.
| | - Cicek Hocaoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize Research and Training Hospital. Rize Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Poliklinigi 53020 Rize, Turkey.
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Avcil S, Uysal P, Avcil M, Alışık M, Biçer C. Dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its relation with disease subtypes. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 73:53-60. [PMID: 27915219 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel oxidative stress marker (thiol/disulfide homeostasis) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children for the first time in literature. METHODS Ninety children with ADHD diagnosed according to DSM-V and as control group, 65 healthy children were included to the study. Native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol were compared between the groups. RESULTS Total and native thiol levels were significantly higher whereas the disulfide/native thiol ratios were significantly lower in children with ADHD. ADHD combined type appeared to have higher disulfide, disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios compared to other subtypes. Disulfide levels of the males with ADHD were significantly higher than those of the females with ADHD. CONCLUSION This study suggests that thiol/disulfide homeostasis is abnormal in children with ADHD. It may be used as a novel OS marker in ADHD children because it is easy, practical, fully automated and relatively inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibelnur Avcil
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Pınar Uysal
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Mucahit Avcil
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Murat Alışık
- Yıldırım Beyazıd University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemile Biçer
- Yıldırım Beyazıd University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
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Alpak G, Selek S, Bulut M, Bulbul F, Unal A, Virit O, Kilic OHT, Gergerlioglu HS, Savas HA. High Catalase and Low Thiol Levels in Adult-ADHD Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5455/bcp.20140429091127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gokay Alpak
- Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Gaziantep - Turkey
| | - Salih Selek
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Mahmut Bulut
- Dicle University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Diyarbakir - Turkey
| | - Feridun Bulbul
- Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Gaziantep - Turkey
| | - Ahmet Unal
- Selcuk University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Konya - Turkey
| | - Osman Virit
- Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Gaziantep - Turkey
| | | | | | - Haluk Asuman Savas
- Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Gaziantep - Turkey
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Mansur RB, Rizzo LB, Santos CM, Asevedo E, Cunha GR, Noto MN, Pedrini M, Zeni-Graiff M, Gouvea ES, Cordeiro Q, Reininghaus EZ, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E. Bipolar disorder course, impaired glucose metabolism and antioxidant enzymes activities: A preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 80:38-44. [PMID: 27281261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the role of oxidative stress in bipolar disorder (BD) by evaluating the relationship among antioxidant enzymes activities, impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) and illness course. We measured the activities of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in individuals with BD (N = 55) and healthy controls (N = 28). Information related to current and past psychiatric/medical history, as well as prescription of any pharmacological treatments was captured. Impaired glucose metabolism was operationalized as pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our results showed that, after adjustment for age, gender, alcohol use, smoking and current medication, both BD (p < 0.001) and IGM (p = 0.019) were associated with increased GPx activity, whereas only BD was associated with decreased SOD activity (p = 0.008). We also observed an interaction between BD and IGM on SOD activity (p = 0.017), whereas the difference between BD and controls was only significant in individuals with IGM (p = 0.009). IGM, GPx and SOD activity were independently associated with variables of illness course. Moreover, IGM moderated the association between SOD activity and number of mood episodes (p < 0.001), as a positive correlation between SOD activity and mood episodes was observed only in participants with IGM. In conclusion, BD and IGM are associated with independent and synergistic effects on markers of oxidative stress. The foregoing observations suggest that the heterogeneity observed in previous studies evaluating antioxidant enzymes in BD may be a function of concurrent IGM; and that imbalances in the oxidative system may subserve the association between BD and IGM, as well as its relationship with illness course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Mansur
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Lucas B Rizzo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Camila M Santos
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elson Asevedo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graccielle R Cunha
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane N Noto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Vila Maria Outpatient Clinic, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pedrini
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara Zeni-Graiff
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Gouvea
- Department of Psychiatry, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), Brazil
| | | | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Scaini G, Rezin GT, Carvalho AF, Streck EL, Berk M, Quevedo J. Mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder: Evidence, pathophysiology and translational implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:694-713. [PMID: 27377693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric illness characterized by severe and biphasic changes in mood. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been hypothesized to underpin the neurobiology of BD, including the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction. A confluence of evidence points to an underlying dysfunction of mitochondria, including decreases in mitochondrial respiration, high-energy phosphates and pH; changes in mitochondrial morphology; increases in mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms; and downregulation of nuclear mRNA molecules and proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration. Mitochondria play a pivotal role in neuronal cell survival or death as regulators of both energy metabolism and cell survival and death pathways. Thus, in this review, we discuss the genetic and physiological components of mitochondria and the evidence for mitochondrial abnormalities in BD. The final part of this review discusses mitochondria as a potential target of therapeutic interventions in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine T Rezin
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Muneer A. Staging Models in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Literature. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 14:117-30. [PMID: 27121423 PMCID: PMC4857867 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2016.14.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is manifested as severe dysregulation of mood with recurrent manic and major depressive episodes. It is associated with psychiatric and medical comorbidities, inadequate response to currently available pharmacological agents and a progressively deteriorating course in many patients. The index episode is often depressive in nature, while the first manic or hypomanic episode may occur several years later in the course of the disorder causing delay in diagnosis and use of inappropriate treatment strategies. Staging has been used to great advantage in other branches of medicine like cardiology and oncology. There is growing realization that major mental disorders are fundamentally progressive, with simpler treatment requirements and better prognosis during initial stages of the illness. Defining these conditions into clinically applicable stages not only helps in better understanding the trajectory of a particular disorder, but also assists in management. Patients with a chronic, recalcitrant condition like bipolar disorder are likely to greatly benefit from this approach. If the illness is correctly identified early in its course, proper treatment can be instigated arresting progression to latter phases which are associated with myriad complications in the biopsychosocial realm. With these considerations, a search of the MEDLINE data base was conducted to seek out literature pertaining to staging models in bipolar disorder. A thorough scrutiny of the existing research work revealed that a number of investigators have endeavored to stage define bipolar disorder. This paper outlines staging proposals for bipolar disorder which have the greatest supporting evidence in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ather Muneer
- Department of Psychiatry, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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36
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Nod-like receptor pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3) in the post-mortem frontal cortex from patients with bipolar disorder: A potential mediator between mitochondria and immune-activation. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 72:43-50. [PMID: 26540403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I dysfunction, oxidative stress and immune-activation are consistently reported in bipolar disorder (BD). Mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species was recently linked to activation of an inflammatory redox sensor, the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3). Upon its activation, NLRP3 recruits apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and caspase-1 to form the NLRP3-inflammasome, activating IL-1β. This study aimed to examine if immune-activation may be a downstream target of complex I dysfunction through the NLRP3-inflammasome in BD. Post-mortem frontal cortex from patients with BD (N = 9), schizophrenia (N = 10), and non-psychiatric controls (N = 9) were donated from the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center. Levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were measured by western blotting, ELISA and Luminex. While we found no effects of age, sex or post-mortem delay, lower levels of complex I (F2,25 = 3.46, p < 0.05) and NDUFS7, a subunit of complex I (F2,25 = 4.13, p < 0.05), were found in patients with BD. Mitochondrial NLRP3 (F2,25 = 3.86, p < 0.05) and ASC (F2,25 = 4.61, p < 0.05) levels were higher in patients with BD. However, levels of caspase 1 (F2,25 = 4.13, p < 0.05 for both), IL-1β (F2,25 = 7.05, p < 0.01), IL-6 (F2,25 = 5.48, p < 0.05), TNFα (F2,25 = 7.14, p < 0.01) and IL-10 (F2,25 = 5.02, p < 0.05) were increased in both BD and schizophrenia. These findings suggest that immune-activation in the frontal cortex may occur both in patients with BD and schizophrenia, while complex I dysfunction and NLRP3-inflammasome activation may be more specific to BD.
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Emhan A, Selek S, Bayazıt H, Fatih Karababa İ, Katı M, Aksoy N. Evaluation of oxidative and antioxidative parameters in generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:806-10. [PMID: 26564548 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder. The exact causes of GAD still unknown, in addition to neurochemical and neuroanatomic disorders, genetic and environmental factors are discussed in etiology. In our study we aimed to evaluate the oxidative metabolism's status and investigate the role of oxidative metabolites in GAD. Blood samples were taken from enrolled subjects in appropriate way and total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were studied in Harran University Biochemistry Labs. Results were compared between groups. The patients' TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher than control group. The patients' TAS levels were significantly lower than controls'. According to our findings, oxidative stress mechanism might have a role in GAD pathophysiology. In the future, total antioxidants may be used as a biologic marker in GAD etiology but more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Emhan
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health, Diyarbakır Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Salih Selek
- Harris County Psychiatric Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hüseyin Bayazıt
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | | | - Mahmut Katı
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Nurten Aksoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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Faour-Nmarne C, Azab AN. Effects of olanzapine on LPS-induced inflammation in rat primary glia cells. Innate Immun 2015; 22:40-50. [PMID: 26542836 DOI: 10.1177/1753425915613425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine (OLZ) is an atypical antipsychotic drug that also has mood-stabilizing effects. The mechanism of action of OLZ is not fully understood. Accumulating data suggest that inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of mental disorders and that psychotropic drugs exhibit some anti-inflammatory properties. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of OLZ on LPS-induced inflammation in rat primary glia cells. Glia cells were extracted from newborn rat brains. OLZ (1 or 50 µM) was added to culture medium at 6 or 72 h before addition of LPS for another 18 h, and levels of IL-10, prostaglandin (PG) E2, NO and TNF-α, and expression of cyclo-oxygensase (COX)-2 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were determined. Treatment with 50 µM OLZ (but not 1 µM) significantly decreased LPS-induced secretion of IL-10, PGE2 and TNF-α. In contrast, 50 µM OLZ significantly increased NO levels. OLZ did not alter the expression of COX-2 or iNOS in LPS-treated cells. These results suggest that OLZ differently affects the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Most of the significant effects of OLZ were obtained when 50 µM was used, which is a high and probably therapeutically irrelevant concentration. Therefore, under the conditions used in the present study OLZ seemed to lack a potent anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Faour-Nmarne
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Abed N Azab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Freudenberg F, Alttoa A, Reif A. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) and its adaptor, NOS1AP, as a genetic risk factors for psychiatric disorders. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 14:46-63. [PMID: 25612209 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous transmitter produced by nitric oxide synthases (NOSs). The neuronal isoform (NOS-I, encoded by NOS1) is the main source of NO in the central nervous system (CNS). Animal studies suggest that nitrinergic dysregulation may lead to behavioral abnormalities. Unfortunately, the large number of animal studies is not adequately reflected by publications concerning humans. These include post-mortem studies, determination of biomarkers, and genetic association studies. Here, we review the evidence for the role of NO in psychiatric disorders by focusing on the human NOS1 gene as well as biomarker studies. Owing to the complex regulation of NOS1 and the varying function of NOS-I in different brain regions, no simple, unidirectional association is expected. Rather, the 'where, when and how much' of NO formation is decisive. Present data, although still preliminary and partially conflicting, suggest that genetically driven reduced NO signaling in the prefrontal cortex is associated with schizophrenia and cognition. Both NOS1 and its interaction partner NOS1AP have a role therein. Also, reduced NOS1 expression in the striatum determined by a length polymorphism in a NOS1 promoter (NOS1 ex1f-VNTR) goes along with a variety of impulsive behaviors. An association of NOS1 with mood disorders, suggested by animal models, is less clear on the genetic level; however, NO metabolites in blood may serve as biomarkers for major depression and bipolar disorder. As the nitrinergic system comprises a relevant target for pharmacological interventions, further studies are warranted not only to elucidate the pathophysiology of mental disorders, but also to evaluate NO function as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Ni P, Ma X, Lin Y, Lao G, Hao X, Guan L, Li X, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Ye B, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhao L, Cao L, Li T. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) associated with bipolar I disorder and executive functions in A Han Chinese population. J Affect Disord 2015; 184:235-8. [PMID: 26117066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oxidative stress hypothesis proposed to explain bipolar I disorder (BD I) pathogenesis has gained growing attention based on its association with cognitive impairment. The aim of the present study was to explore the association of the methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) gene with BD I as well as executive functions of BD I patients. METHODS A total of 44 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the MsrA gene were selected to analyze gene association with BD I in 375 BD I patients and 475 controls in a Han Chinese population. The association of MsrA haplotypes with executive functions was analyzed in 157 clinically stable BD I patients and 210 controls. RESULTS Allele frequencies of the rs4840463 polymorphism were significantly different between BD I patients and controls, and between patients with psychotic symptoms and controls. BD I patients performed more poorly in 11 of the 13 neurocognitive measurements compared with controls. Three MsrA haplotypes showed significant associations with different executive functions. LIMITATIONS The limited sample size requires a cautious conclusion, and further comprehensive approaches are needed to explore the mechanism of MsrA's effect on BD I. CONCLUSIONS The rs4840463 polymorphism in the MsrA gene may be associated with the increased risk of BD I in a Chinese population. The association of MsrA haplotypes with executive functions indicated that MsrA is associated with executive function defects in BD I patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Ni
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Yin Lin
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guohui Lao
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Hao
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lijie Guan
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xuan Li
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zeyu Jiang
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Biyu Ye
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yingcheng Wang
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Liping Cao
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Tao Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Tunçel ÖK, Sarısoy G, Bilgici B, Pazvantoglu O, Çetin E, Ünverdi E, Avcı B, Böke Ö. Oxidative stress in bipolar and schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:688-94. [PMID: 26117246 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has an important place in studies investigating the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases. In spite of this fact, longitudinal studies are required to clarify the subject. Therefore, in this study, we examined lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, total oxidized guanine species, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total glutathione (GSH) levels in blood collected from adult bipolar patients (n=18) during manic and euthymic episodes, schizophrenic patients (n=18) during acute psychotic attack and remission phases and the control group (n=18). There was a significant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation in the bipolar disorder manic episode group (BD-ME) compared to control group. The level of protein oxidation was significantly higher in the schizophrenia acute psychotic attack group (SZ-APA) compared to the control group. The level of total oxidized guanine species was statistically higher in all psychiatric groups compared to the control group. There was no significant difference among the groups with regard to SOD and GSH. Consequently, we believe that lipid peroxidation may be effective in the pathogenesis of bipolar patients; that protein oxidation may be of importance in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and that total oxidized guanine species may be crucial in the pathogeneses of both psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Korhan Tunçel
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Gökhan Sarısoy
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Birşen Bilgici
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ozan Pazvantoglu
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Eda Çetin
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Esra Ünverdi
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Avcı
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ömer Böke
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
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Kaufmann FN, Gazal M, Mondin TC, Cardoso TA, Quevedo LÁ, Souza LDM, Jansen K, Braganhol E, Oses JP, Pinheiro RT, Kaster MP, da Silva RA, Ghisleni G. Cognitive psychotherapy treatment decreases peripheral oxidative stress parameters associated with major depression disorder. Biol Psychol 2015; 110:175-81. [PMID: 26255227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have already pointed out the contribution of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the oxidative-antioxidative systems in MDD and in response to cognitive psychotherapies. Oxidative stress were analyzed in 49 MDD patients at baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up; and 49 control subjects without history of psychiatric disorders. RESULTS MDD subjects presented an increase in oxidative damage related to control subjects for thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), nitric oxide, and a decrease in total thiol content. Cognitive psychotherapies were able to counteract peripheral oxidative stress in MDD patients, reducing TBARS levels (p<0.001) in the follow-up, nitric oxide (p<0.001) in the post-treatment and follow-up, and increasing the total thiol content (p<0.01) in the post-treatment and follow-up. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress was associated with MDD and the regulation of these parameters might represent an important mechanism associated with the clinical improvement of cognitive psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda N Kaufmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta Gazal
- Biologia Celular e Molecular-Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thaíse C Mondin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Taiane A Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Á Quevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano D M Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Karen Jansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Fundação Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde e de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean P Oses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Manuella P Kaster
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Genc A, Kalelioglu T, Karamustafalioglu N, Tasdemir A, Gungor FC, Genc ES, Incir S, Ilnem C, Emul M. Level of plasma thioredoxin in male patients with manic episode at initial and post-electroconvulsive or antipsychotic treatment. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 69:344-50. [PMID: 25297388 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Oxidative stress is defined as exposure to excessive oxidants and/or decrease in antioxidant capacity. Several studies have shown the effects of free radicals and antioxidant defense systems in bipolar disorder. We aimed to investigate the role of thioredoxin (TRX), which is a novel oxidative stress marker in patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS Sixty-eight hospitalized bipolar patients who were in manic episode were included in the study. As a control group, 30 healthy people were elected. Two groups were formed. The first group consisted of patients who were undergoing electroconvulsive treatment + antipsychotic treatment (haloperidol+quetiapine) and members of the other group were taking only antipsychotic treatment. Plasma thioredoxin levels were measured before and after treatment. RESULTS Pretreatment plasma TRX levels of patients were significantly lower than the controls (P < 0.05). Comparing pre- and post-treatment plasma TRX levels of all patients, post-treatment plasma TRX levels were significantly lower than the pre-treatment plasma TRX levels (P < 0.05). When we compared TRX levels between the electroconvulsive treatment + antipsychotic treatment group and the antipsychotic treatment group (P > 0.05) and within groups (P > 0.05) we did not find any statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION Oxidative balance is impaired in bipolar disorder manic episode in favor of the oxidants. Decreased plasma TRX levels in the manic episode probably mean that antioxidant capacity is decreased in the bipolar disorder patients in the manic episode. Further studies in euthymic and depressive states are also needed to gain more insight into the role of TRX in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Genc
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Mental Health Research and Training State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Kalelioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Mental Health Research and Training State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Karamustafalioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Mental Health Research and Training State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akif Tasdemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Mental Health Research and Training State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferda Can Gungor
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Mental Health Research and Training State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Sena Genc
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Mental Health Research and Training State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Said Incir
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Ilnem
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakırkoy Mental Health Research and Training State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Emul
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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He H, Tang H, Gao L, Wu Y, Feng Z, Lin H, Wu T. Tanshinone IIA attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4190-6. [PMID: 25672255 PMCID: PMC4394983 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive fibrotic lung disorder with unknown etiology and a high mortality rate. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a lipophilic diterpene extracted from the Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge with diverse biological functions. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Tan IIA on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Rats received an intraperitoneal injection of Tan IIA and normal rats were used as controls. Severe pulmonary edema, inflammation and fibrosis were observed in the BLM-treated rats and the counts of total cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes were significantly increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of those rats. These pathological changes were markedly attenuated by subsequent treatment with Tan IIA. In addition, BLM-induced increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2, malondialdehyde, inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide in rats, which was also suppressed by Tan IIA injection. The present findings suggest therapeutic potential of Tan IIA for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Lili Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Taihua Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Bengesser SA, Lackner N, Birner A, Fellendorf FT, Platzer M, Mitteregger A, Unterweger R, Reininghaus B, Mangge H, Wallner-Liebmann SJ, Zelzer S, Fuchs D, McIntyre RS, Kapfhammer HP, Reininghaus EZ. Peripheral markers of oxidative stress and antioxidative defense in euthymia of bipolar disorder--Gender and obesity effects. J Affect Disord 2015; 172:367-74. [PMID: 25451439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative and nitrosative stress are implicated in the pathogenesis of uni- and bipolar disorder. Herein we primarily sought to characterize markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress during euthymia in adults with bipolar disorder (BD). Oxidative markers were further evaluated in this BD sample in synopsis with excess overweight or obesity and/or comorbid metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Peripheral markers of oxidative stress [i.e. thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, (TBARS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and carbonyl proteins] and antioxidant markers [e.g. total antioxidative capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST)] were obtained in a cohort of euthymic adults with BD (N=113) and compared to healthy controls (CG) (N=78). Additionally, anthropometric measures included the body mass index (BMI) [kg/m(2)], waist and hip circumference [cm], waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WtHR) as well as the IDF-defined MetS. RESULTS The major finding was a significantly decreased TAC in BD compared to the CG (p<0.01; BD: M 1.18, SD 0.47; CG: M 1.39, SD 0.49). MDA was significantly and TBARS by trend higher in the CG compared to the euthymic bipolar test persons (MDA: p<0.01, BD: M 0.70, SD 0.18; CG: M 0.81, SD 0.25; TBARS: p<0.1, BD: M 0.78, SD 0.28; CG: M 0.76, SD 0.30). The antioxidative enzyme GST was significantly elevated in both patients and controls (BD: M 298.24, SD 133.02; CG: M 307.27 SD 118.18). Subgroup analysis revealed that the CG with concurrent MetS and obesity had significantly elevated TAC when compared to CG without concurrent MetS (p<0.05, no MetS: M 1.33, SD 0.50; MetS: M 1.67, SD 0.32), as well as persons with BD with or without current MetS (no MetS: M 1.18, SD 0.44; MetS: M 1.15, SD 0.49). Significant correlations between GST and anthropometric variables were found in male study participants. Multivariate analysis indicated a significant gender effect concerning TBARS values in all patients and CG (p<0.01, females: M 0.73, SD 0.29; males: M 0.83, SD 0.28). CONCLUSION Euthymic bipolar adults exhibit peripheral evidence of a disturbed biosignature of oxidative stress and antioxidative defense. Male test persons showed significantly higher peripheral markers of oxidative stress than women- female sex may exert protective effects. Furthermore, the biosignature of oxidative stress obtained herein was more pronounced in males with concurrent metabolic disorders. Our results further extend knowledge by introducing the moderating influence of gender and obesity on oxidative stress and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bengesser
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Psychiatry, Graz, Austria
| | - N Lackner
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Psychiatry, Graz, Austria.
| | - A Birner
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Psychiatry, Graz, Austria
| | - F T Fellendorf
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Psychiatry, Graz, Austria
| | - M Platzer
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Psychiatry, Graz, Austria
| | - A Mitteregger
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Psychiatry, Graz, Austria
| | - R Unterweger
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Psychiatry, Graz, Austria
| | - B Reininghaus
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Psychiatry, Graz, Austria; Therapiezentrum Justuspark, Linzer Straße 7, 4540 Bad Hall, Austria
| | - H Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Graz, Austria
| | | | - S Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Graz, Austria
| | - D Fuchs
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Division of Biological Chemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R S McIntyre
- University of Toronto, Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H P Kapfhammer
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Psychiatry, Graz, Austria
| | - E Z Reininghaus
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Psychiatry, Graz, Austria
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Scola G, Andreazza AC. Oxidative Stress in Bipolar Disorder. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0440-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Antioxidant Interventions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0440-2_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kittel-Schneider S, Reuß M, Meyer A, Weber H, Gessner A, Leistner C, Kopf J, Schmidt B, Hempel S, Volkert J, Lesch KP, Reif A. Multi-level biomarker analysis of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in bipolar disorder and adult ADHD. J Psychopharmacol 2015; 29:31-8. [PMID: 25320160 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114555251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have shown altered levels of nitric oxide (NO) and its stable metabolites (NOx (-)) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of psychiatric patients. The aim of our study was to replicate previous findings and investigate the influence of the nitrinergic system in bipolar disorder and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (aADHD) in particular. METHODS The concentrations of NO2 (-) and NO3 (-) in peripheral blood in a sample of aADHD, bipolar disorder (BPD) and controls were analysed. The sample was genotyped for a three marker haplotype in the NOS3 gene (rs2070744, rs1799983 and Intron 4 VNTR) and for genetic variants of the NOS1 gene (NOS1 ex 1c, NOS1 ex 1f). Finally, qRT PCR was performed. RESULTS We found significantly lower NOx (-) levels in BPD (p<0.001). rs2070744 T/T-carriers of the whole sample showed increased mRNA expression of NOS3 (p=0.05). Only in BPD an influence of rs2070744 was seen regarding NO metabolite levels; C/C carriers displayed lower NOx (-) levels (p=0.05). CONCLUSION We could replicate and extend previous findings showing altered NOx (-) levels in BPD and an influence of NOS3 rs2070744 on NOS3 expression and NOx (-) concentration. Together, these data point to a role of the nitrinergic pathway in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Reuß
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Weber
- IZKF Microarray Core Unit, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Gessner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Leistner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Kopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Hempel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Volkert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Roda Â, Chendo I, Kunz M. Biomarkers and staging of bipolar disorder: a systematic review. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2014; 37:3-11. [PMID: 25860561 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2014-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A growing body of evidence suggests that bipolar disorder (BD) is a progressive disease according to clinical, biochemical and neuroimaging findings. This study reviewed the literature on the relationship between specific biomarkers and BD stages. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE and PubMed was conducted to identify studies in English and Portuguese using the keywords biomarker, neurotrophic factors, inflammation, oxidative stress, neuroprogression and staging models cross-referenced with bipolar disorder. RESULTS Morphometric studies of patients with BD found neuroanatomic abnormalities, such as ventricular enlargement, grey matter loss in the hippocampus and cerebellum, volume decreases in the prefrontal cortex and variations in the size of the amygdala. Other studies demonstrated that serum concentrations of neurotrophic factors, inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress may be used as BD biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of neurobiological changes associated with BD progression and activity may confirm the existence of BD biomarkers, which may be then included in staging models that will lead to improvements in treatment algorithms and more effective, individually tailored treatment regimens. Biomarkers may also be used to define early interventions to control disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Roda
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Chendo
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, University Clinic, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mauricio Kunz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Oxidative stress markers in affective disorders. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:1558-71. [PMID: 24553004 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Affective disorders are a medical condition with a complex biological pattern of etiology, involving genetic and epigenetic factors, along with different environmental stressors. Increasing numbers of studies indicate that induction of oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) pathways, which is accompanied by immune-inflammatory response, might play an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying many major psychiatric disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been shown to impair the brain function by modulating activity of principal neurotransmitter (e.g., glutamatergic) systems involved in the neurobiology of depression. Both preclinical and clinical studies revealed that depression is associated with altered levels of oxidative stress markers and typically reduced concentrations of several endogenous antioxidant compounds, such as glutathione, vitamin E, zinc and coenzyme Q10, or enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase, and with an impairment of the total antioxidant status. These oxidative stress parameters can be normalized by successful antidepressant therapy. On the other hand, some antioxidants (zinc, N-acetylcysteine, omega-3 free fatty acids) may exhibit antidepressant properties or enhance standard antidepressant therapy. These observations introduce new potential targets for the development of therapeutic interventions based on antioxidant compounds. The present paper reviews selected animal and human studies providing evidence that oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression and bipolar disorder.
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