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Gu Q, Yan J, Lou Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhu Z, Liu M, Wu D, Liang Y, Pu J, Zhao X, Xiao H, Li P. Bacteriocins: Curial guardians of gastrointestinal tract. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13292. [PMID: 38284593 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiome secretes various metabolites that play pivotal roles in maintaining host physiological balance and influencing disease progression. Among these metabolites, bacteriocins-small, heat-stable peptides synthesized by ribosomes-are notably prevalent in the GI region. Their multifaceted benefits have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. This review comprehensively explores the methods for mining bacteriocins (traditional separation and purification, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence), their effects on the stomach and intestines, and their complex bioactive mechanisms. These mechanisms include flora regulation, biological barrier restoration, and intervention in epithelial cell pathways. By detailing each well-documented bacteriocin, we reveal the diverse ways in which bacteriocins interact with the GI environment. Moreover, the future research direction is prospected. By further studying the function and interaction of intestinal bacteriocins, we can discover new pharmacological targets and develop drugs targeting intestinal bacteriocins to regulate and improve human health. It provides innovative ideas and infinite possibilities for further exploration, development, and utilization of bacteriocins. The inevitable fact is that the continuously exploration of bacteriocins is sure to bring the promising future for demic GI health understanding and interference strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Yan
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeqing Lou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglu Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichun Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Danli Wu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Pu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Choi GH, Fugaban JII, Dioso CM, Bucheli JEV, Holzapfel WH, Todorov SD. Antimicrobial Peptides (Bacteriocins) Produced by Lactococcus lactis and Pediococcus pentosaceus Strains with Activity Against Clinical and Food-Borne Pathogens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10188-x. [PMID: 38038837 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are ribosomal-synthesized peptides with antimicrobial activity, produced by different groups of bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Most of the produced by LAB bacteriocins can be described with rather broad spectra of inhibition and they offer suggested applications in food preservation and pharmaceutical sector. Different LAB were isolated from fermented food products and fruits, obtained from the region of Pohang, Korea, and identified based on physiological, biochemical, and molecular methods. The promising isolates, Pediococcus pentosaceus 732, Lactococcus lactis 808, and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 431, were identified based on biochemical, physiological, and biomolecular approaches, including 16S rRNA partial sequencing, and were evaluated for production of bacteriocin, including stability in presence of enzymes, chemicals, pH, and temperatures. Adherence properties for the expressed bacteriocins by P. pentosaceus 732, Lc. lactis 808, and Lc. lactis subsp. lactis 431 were evaluated at presence of selected chemicals, pH, and temperatures. The presence of bacteriocin genes in the strains was investigated and analyzed. The bacterial effect of bacteriocin produced by studied strains on Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus spp. has been shown for actively growing and stationary cells. Similar growth and bacteriocin production were observed when studied strains were cultured in MRS at 30 °C or 37 °C. The presence of nisin operon with some point mutations on the genomic DNA was recorded based on the performed PCR reactions targeting different genes associated with nisin expression for both lactococcal strains. Pediocin PA-1 operon was evaluated in a similar manner for P. pentosaceus 732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gee Hyeun Choi
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 37554, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Joanna Ivy Irorita Fugaban
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 37554, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Clarizza May Dioso
- HEM Laboratory, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 37554, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Environmental Technology and Food Technology, Ghent University Global Campus, 119, Songdomunhawa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 21985, South Korea
| | - Jorge Enrique Vazquez Bucheli
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 37554, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- HEM Laboratory, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 37554, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel
- HEM Laboratory, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 37554, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 37554, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
- CISAS-Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, 4900-347, Viana Do Castelo, Portugal.
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Jackson PP, Wijeyesekera A, Williams CM, Theis S, van Harsselaar J, Rastall RA. Inulin-type fructans and 2'fucosyllactose alter both microbial composition and appear to alleviate stress-induced mood state in a working population compared to placebo (maltodextrin): the EFFICAD Trial, a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:938-955. [PMID: 37657523 PMCID: PMC10636234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in the bidirectional relationship existing between the gut and brain and the effects of both oligofructose and 2'fucosyllactose to alter microbial composition and mood state. Yet, much remains unknown about the ability of oligofructose and 2'fucosyllactose to improve mood state via targeted manipulation of the gut microbiota. OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare the effects of oligofructose and 2'fucosyllactose alone and in combination against maltodextrin (comparator) on microbial composition and mood state in a working population. METHODS We conducted a 5-wk, 4-arm, parallel, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 92 healthy adults with mild-to-moderate levels of anxiety and depression. Subjects were randomized to oligofructose 8 g/d (plus 2 g/d maltodextrin); maltodextrin 10 g/d; oligofructose 8 g/d plus 2'fucosyllactose (2 g/d) or 2'fucosyllactose 2 g/d (plus 8 g/d maltodextrin). Changes in microbial load (fluorescence in situ hybridization-flow cytometry) and composition (16S ribosomal RNA sequencing) were the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included gastrointestinal sensations, bowel habits, and mood state parameters. RESULTS There were significant increases in several bacterial taxa including Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in both the oligofructose and oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose interventions (all P ≤ 0.05). Changes in bacterial taxa were highly heterogenous upon 2'fuscoyllactose supplementation. Significant improvements in Beck Depression Inventory, State Trait Anxiety Inventory Y1 and Y2, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scores and cortisol awakening response were detected across oligofructose, 2'fucosyllactose, and oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose combination interventions (all P ≤ 0.05). Both sole oligofructose and oligofructose/2'fuscosyllactose combination interventions outperformed both sole 2'fucosyllactose and maltodextrin in improvements in several mood state parameters (all P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that oligofructose and combination of oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose can beneficially alter microbial composition along with improving mood state parameters. Future work is needed to understand key microbial differences separating individual responses to 2'fucosyllactose supplementation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05212545.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pj Jackson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Anisha Wijeyesekera
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Williams
- University of Reading, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Science, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Robert A Rastall
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.
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Wu W, Chen Z, Han J, Qian L, Wang W, Lei J, Wang H. Endocrine, genetic, and microbiome nexus of obesity and potential role of postbiotics: a narrative review. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:84. [PMID: 37861729 PMCID: PMC10589153 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a public health crisis, presenting a huge burden on health care and the economic system in both developed and developing countries. According to the WHO's latest report on obesity, 39% of adults of age 18 and above are obese, with an increase of 18% compared to the last few decades. Metabolic energy imbalance due to contemporary lifestyle, changes in gut microbiota, hormonal imbalance, inherent genetics, and epigenetics is a major contributory factor to this crisis. Multiple studies have shown that probiotics and their metabolites (postbiotics) supplementation have an effect on obesity-related effects in vitro, in vivo, and in human clinical investigations. Postbiotics such as the SCFAs suppress obesity by regulating metabolic hormones such as GLP-1, and PPY thus reducing feed intake and suppressing appetite. Furthermore, muramyl di-peptides, bacteriocins, and LPS have been tested against obesity and yielded promising results in both human and mice studies. These insights provide an overview of targetable pharmacological sites and explore new opportunities for the safer use of postbiotics against obesity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu First People's Hospital, Changshu, 215501, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiani Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacai Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaguan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Antony MA, Chowdhury A, Edem D, Raj R, Nain P, Joglekar M, Verma V, Kant R. Gut microbiome supplementation as therapy for metabolic syndrome. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1502-1513. [PMID: 37970133 PMCID: PMC10642415 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is defined as an ecological community of commensal symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms that exist in our body. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is a condition of dysregulated and disrupted intestinal bacterial homeostasis, and recent evidence has shown that dysbiosis is related to chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. It is well known that obesity, T2DM and CVD are caused or worsened by multiple factors like genetic predisposition, environmental factors, unhealthy high calorie diets, and sedentary lifestyle. However, recent evidence from human and mouse models suggest that the gut microbiome is also an active player in the modulation of metabolic syndrome, a set of risk factors including obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia that increase the risk for CVD, T2DM, and other diseases. Current research aims to identify treatments to increase the number of beneficial microbiota in the gut microbiome in order to modulate metabolic syndrome by reducing chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. There is increasing interest in supplements, classified as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, or postbiotics, and their effect on the gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome. In this review article, we have summarized current research on these supplements that are available to improve the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and to reduce the harmful ones in patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mc Anto Antony
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Aniqa Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Dinesh Edem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK 72205, United States
| | - Rishi Raj
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pikeville Medical Center, Pikeville, KY 41501, United States
| | - Priyanshu Nain
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi 110002, India
| | - Mansi Joglekar
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Vipin Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
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Wang X, Wang H, Zeng J, Cui Z, Geng S, Song X, Zhang F, Su X, Li H. Distinct gut bacterial composition in Anoplophora glabripennis reared on two host plants. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1199994. [PMID: 37405158 PMCID: PMC10315502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1199994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) is an invasive wood borer pest that has caused considerable damage to forests. Gut bacteria are of great importance in the biology and ecology of herbivores, especially in growth and adaptation; however, change in the gut bacterial community of this pest feeding on different hosts is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the gut bacterial communities of A. glabripennis larvae fed on different preferred hosts, Salix matsudana and Ulmus pumila, using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 15 phyla, 25 classes, 65 orders, 114 families, 188 genera, and 170 species were annotated in the gut of A. glabripennis larvae fed on S. matsudana or U. pumila using a 97% similarity cutoff level. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the core dominant genera were Enterococcus, Gibbsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella. There was significantly higher alpha diversity in the U. pumila group than in the S. matsudana group, and principal co-ordinate analysis showed significant differences in gut bacterial communities between the two groups. The genera with significant abundance differences between the two groups were Gibbsiella, Enterobacter, Leuconostoc, Rhodobacter, TM7a, norank, Rhodobacter, and Aurantisolimonas, indicating that the abundance of larval gut bacteria was affected by feeding on different hosts. Further network diagrams showed that the complexity of the network structure and the modularity were higher in the U. pumila group than in the S. matsudana group, suggesting more diverse gut bacteria in the U. pumila group. The dominant role of most gut microbiota was related to fermentation and chemoheterotrophy, and specific OTUs positively correlated with different functions were reported. Our study provides an essential resource for the gut bacteria functional study of A. glabripennis associated with host diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hualing Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jianyong Zeng
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Germplasm Resources and Protection of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zezhao Cui
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shilong Geng
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaofei Song
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Huiping Li
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Effects of microbial-derived biotics (meta/pharma/post-biotics) on the modulation of gut microbiome and metabolome; general aspects and emerging trends. Food Chem 2023; 411:135478. [PMID: 36696721 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Potential effects of metabiotics (probiotics effector molecules or signaling factors), pharmabiotics (pro-functional metabolites produced by gut microbiota (GMB)) and postbiotics (multifunctional metabolites and structural compounds of food-grade microorganisms) on GMB have been rarely reviewed. These multifunctional components have several promising capabilities for prevention, alleviation and treatment of some diseases or disorders. Correlations between these essential biotics and GMB are also very interesting and important in human health and nutrition. Furthermore, these natural bioactives are involved in modulation of the immune function, control of metabolic dysbiosis and regulation of the signaling pathways. This review discusses the potential of meta/pharma/post-biotics as new classes of pharmaceutical agents and their effective mechanisms associated with GMB-host cell to cell communications with therapeutic benefits which are important in balance and the integrity of the host microbiome. In addition, cutting-edge findings about bioinformatics /metabolomics analyses related to GMB and these essential biotics are reviewed.
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Field D, Fernandez de Ullivarri M, Ross RP, Hill C. After a century of nisin research - where are we now? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad023. [PMID: 37300874 PMCID: PMC10257480 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is almost a century since nisin was discovered in fermented milk cultures, coincidentally in the same year that penicillin was first described. Over the last 100 years this small, highly modified pentacyclic peptide has not only found success in the food industry as a preservative but has also served as the paradigm for our understanding of the genetic organization, expression, and regulation of genes involved in lantibiotic biosynthesis-one of the few cases of extensive post-translation modification in prokaryotes. Recent developments in understanding the complex biosynthesis of nisin have shed light on the cellular location of the modification and transport machinery and the co-ordinated series of spatio-temporal events required to produce active nisin and provide resistance and immunity. The continued unearthing of new natural variants from within human and animal gastrointestinal tracts has sparked interest in the potential application of nisin to influence the microbiome, given the growing recognition of the role the gastrointestinal microbiota plays in health and disease. Moreover, interdisciplinary approaches have taken advantage of biotechnological advancements to bioengineer nisin to produce novel variants and expand nisin functionality for applications in the biomedical field. This review will discuss the latest progress in these aspects of nisin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Des Field
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | | | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
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9
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Health-promoting approaches of the use of chia seeds. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
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10
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Guillaume D, Racha B, Sandrine B, Etienne R, Laurent G, Virginie B, Pierre SS, Amine G, Vincent G, Nicolas B, Julien D, Richard B. Genes mcr improve the intestinal fitness of pathogenic E. coli and balance their lifestyle to commensalism. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 36670449 PMCID: PMC9863213 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plasmid-mediated resistance gene mcr-1 confers colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and paves the way for the evolution to pan-drug resistance. We investigated the impact of mcr-1 in gut colonization in the absence of antibiotics using isogenic E. coli strains transformed with a plasmid encoding or devoid of mcr-1. RESULTS In gnotobiotic and conventional mice, mcr-1 significantly enhanced intestinal anchoring of E. coli but impaired their lethal effect. This improvement of intestinal fitness was associated with a downregulation of intestinal inflammatory markers and the preservation of intestinal microbiota composition. The mcr-1 gene mediated a cross-resistance to antimicrobial peptides secreted by the microbiota and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), enhanced E. coli adhesion to IECs, and decreased the proinflammatory activity of both E. coli and its lipopolysaccharides. CONCLUSION Overall, mcr-1 changed multiple facets of bacterial behaviour and appeared as a factor enhancing commensal lifestyle and persistence in the gut even in the absence of antibiotics. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalmasso Guillaume
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Beyrouthy Racha
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 58 place Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Brugiroux Sandrine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ruppé Etienne
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, F-75018 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, DEBRC, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Guillouard Laurent
- Centre de référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 58 place Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bonnin Virginie
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Saint-Sardos Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ghozlane Amine
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique—Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Gaumet Vincent
- IMOST, UMR 1240 Inserm, Université Clermont Auvergne, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Barnich Nicolas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Delmas Julien
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bonnet Richard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 58 place Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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11
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Kumari R, Singhvi N, Sharma P, Choudhury C, Shakya R. Virtual screening of gut microbiome bacteriocins as potential inhibitors of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 to regulate adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis to combat obesity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12632-12642. [PMID: 36644882 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2167121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The gut bacterial strains and their metabolites have been shown to play a significant role in obesity, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are largely unresolved. Obesity is a multifactorial problem and is controlled by various mechanisms and pathways to produce and store fat cells. Bacteriocins are secondary metabolites produced by gut bacteria to defend themselves against their competitors. Recently, they have gained great attention due to their role in metabolic disorders, including obesity. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a key enzyme involved in the differentiation of adipocytes. The aim of this study is to show the regulation of SCD1 by bacteriocins and thus their importance in obesity control. We screened the human gut bacteriome for the presence of bacteriocins, predicted their structures, and showed their inhibitory role by molecular docking with SCD1. Further, to confirm the docking results, MDS of six top scoring SCD1-bacteriocin complexes were carried out for 100 ns. These six bacteriocins namely, Plantaricin S-beta, Carnolysin, Lactococcin B, Bacteriocin Iic, Plantaricin N, and Thermophilin A, with strong binding affinities, are primarily produced by bacterial strains from the Lactobacillaeacea family. These findings can be the basis of further experiments for enhanced understanding of the underlying mechanisms for obesity control, specifically bacteriocins driven regulation of the SCD1 enzyme. In addition, a consortium of bacterial strains producing these bacteriocins can be developed and used as probiotics for the amelioration of obesity and other metabolic complications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Kumari
- Molecular Microbiology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nirjara Singhvi
- School of Allied Sciences, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Chinmayee Choudhury
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rashmi Shakya
- Department of Botany, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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12
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Viswanathan K, Muthusamy S. Review on the current trends and future perspectives of postbiotics for developing healtheir foods. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Food for the mind: The journey of probiotics from foods to ANTI-Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Ho HH, Chen CW, Yi TH, Huang YF, Kuo YW, Lin JH, Chen JF, Tsai SY, Chan LP, Liang CH. Novel application of a Co-Fermented postbiotics of TYCA06/AP-32/CP-9/collagen in the improvement of acne vulgaris-A randomized clinical study of efficacy evaluation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6249-6260. [PMID: 35818134 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. If skin lesions are not treated well in time, they can leave a permanent impact on the appearance and a negative influence on personal confidence. The common therapy for acne symptom includes antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, and azeleic acid. However, those medications have side effects, and the long-term use should be cautious. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe and effective material, which is more suitable for daily use. OBJECTIVE Collagen was selected to co-ferment with three probiotic strains TYCA06/AP-32/CP-9 (TAC) due to its excellent feature on wound healing. The fermented material was added into cosmetic gel and applied on subjects' acne lesions. The antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and anti-inflammation effect around lesion area were investigated in a 4-week clinical study. MATERIAL AND METHODS An anti-P. acnes assay, a keratinocytes HaCaT cell-based wound healing assay, and a cytokine assay on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin (IL)-33 were used to evaluate the function of the fermented material in vitro. The TAC/Collagen formula was further incorporated into a cosmetic gel, and the human clinical trial was carried out by applying this gel on 20 volunteers' face with acne vulgaris. The moisture score, sebum content, inflammation, porphyrins numbers, and brown spot number of whole face were observed and recorded. RESULTS The postbiotics of the TAC/Collagen displayed a good growth inhibition against P. acnes and reduced TSLP and IL-33 inflammation in vitro. This TAC/Collagen formula enhanced the wound healing in HaCaT cell culture. The result of the clinical trial showed the TAC/Collagen gel improved the moisture score and inflammation index of the skin in vivo. In addition, this TAC/Collagen gel also improved the wound healing of acne symptom in volunteers with acne vulgaris. Moreover, this TAC/Collagen gel reduced the number of the porphyrins and brown spots on facial skin. CONCLUSION These postbiotics of TAC/Collagen have beneficial effects on skin health and are able to ameliorate the redness, inflammation, and acne symptom in acne vulgaris patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Leong-Perng Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Liang
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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15
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Han D, Zulewska J, Xiong K, Yang Z. Synergy between oligosaccharides and probiotics: From metabolic properties to beneficial effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4078-4100. [PMID: 36315042 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2139218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Synbiotic is defined as the dietary mixture that comprises both probiotic microorganisms and prebiotic substrates. The concept has been steadily gaining attention owing to the rising recognition of probiotic, prebiotics, and gut health. Among prebiotic substances, oligosaccharides demonstrated considerable health beneficial effects in varieties of food products and their combination with probiotics have been subjected to full range of evaluations. This review delineated the landscape of studies using microbial cultures, cell lines, animal model, and human subjects to explore the functional properties and host impacts of these combinations. Overall, the results suggested that these combinations possess respective metabolic properties that could facilitate beneficial activities therefore could be employed as dietary interventions for human health improvement and therapeutic purposes. However, uncertainties, such as applicational practicalities, underutilized analytical tools, contradictory results in studies, unclear mechanisms, and legislation hurdles, still challenges the broad utilization of these combinations. Future studies to address these issues may not only advance current knowledge on probiotic-prebiotic-host interrelationship but also promote respective applications in food and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Justyna Zulewska
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ke Xiong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhennai Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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16
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Kowalczyk M, Znamirowska-Piotrowska A, Buniowska-Olejnik M, Pawlos M. Sheep Milk Symbiotic Ice Cream: Effect of Inulin and Apple Fiber on the Survival of Five Probiotic Bacterial Strains during Simulated In Vitro Digestion Conditions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214454. [PMID: 36364717 PMCID: PMC9655080 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a study to determine the survival of bacterial cells under in vitro digestion. For this purpose, ice cream mixes were prepared: control, with 4% inulin, 2.5% inulin and 1.5% apple fiber and 4% apple fiber. Each inoculum (pH = 4.60 ± 0.05), containing 9 log cfu g-1 bacteria, at 5% (w/w) was added to the ice cream mixes (Lacticaseibacilluscasei 431, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L-26, Lacticaseibacillusrhamnosus, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12) and fermentation was carried out to pH 4.60 ± 0.05. The in vitro digestion method simulated the stages of digestion that occur in the mouth, stomach and small intestine under optimal controlled conditions (pH value, time and temperature). At each stage of digestion, the survival rate of probiotic bacteria was determined using the plate-deep method. As expected, in the oral stage, there was no significant reduction in the viability of the probiotic bacteria in any ice cream group compared to their content before digestion. In the stomach stage, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12 strain had the highest viable counts (8.48 log cfu g-1) among the control samples. Furthermore, a 4% addition of inulin to ice cream with Bifidobacterium BB-12 increased gastric juice tolerance and limited strain reduction by only 16.7% compared to the number of bacterial cells before digestion. Regarding ice cream samples with Bifidobacterium BB-12, replacing part of the inulin with apple fiber resulted in increased survival at the stomach stage and a low reduction in the bacterial population of only 15.6% compared to samples before digestion. At the stomach stage, the positive effect of the addition of inulin and apple fiber was also demonstrated for ice cream samples with Lacticaseibacilluscasei 431 (9.47 log cfu g-1), Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 (8.06 log cfu g-1) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L-26 (5.79 log cfu g-1). This study showed the highest sensitivity to simulated gastric stress for ice cream samples with Lacticaseibacillusrhamnosus (4.54 log cfu g-1). Our study confirmed that the 4% addition of inulin to ice cream increases the survival rate of L. casei and Bifidobacterium BB-12 in simulated intestinal juice with bile by 0.87 and 2.26 log cfu g-1, respectively. The highest viable count in the small intestine stage was observed in ice cream with L. acidophilus. The addition of inulin increased the survival of L. rhamnosus by 10.8% and Bifidobacterium BB-12 by about 22% under conditions of simulated in vitro digestion compared to their control samples. The survival rates of L. casei and L. paracasei were also highly affected by the 4% addition of apple fiber, where the increase under gastrointestinal passage conditions was determined to range from 7.86-11.26% compared to their control counterparts. In comparison, the lowest survival rate was found in the control ice cream with L. rhamnosus (47.40%). In our study at the intestinal stage, only five ice cream groups: a sample with 4% inulin and L. acidophilus, a control sample with Bifidobacterium BB12, a sample with 2.5% inulin and 1.5% apple fiber with Bifidobacterium BB12, a control sample with L. rhamnosus, a sample with 4% fiber and L. rhamnosus reported bacterial cell counts below 6 log cfu g-1 but higher than 5 log cfu g-1. However, in the remaining ice cream groups, viable counts of bacterial cells ranged from 6.11 to 8.88 log cfu g-1, ensuring a therapeutic effect. Studies have clearly indicated that sheep milk ice cream could provide a suitable matrix for the delivery of probiotics and prebiotics and contribute to intestinal homeostasis. The obtained results have an applicative character and may play an essential role in developing new functional sheep milk ice cream.
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17
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Sarmiento-Andrade Y, Suárez R, Quintero B, Garrochamba K, Chapela SP. Gut microbiota and obesity: New insights. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1018212. [PMID: 36313072 PMCID: PMC9614660 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1018212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pathology whose incidence is increasing throughout the world. There are many pathologies associated with obesity. In recent years, the influence of the microbiota on both health and pathological states has been known. There is growing information related to changes in the microbiome and obesity, as well as its associated pathologies. Changes associated with age, exercise, and weight changes have been described. In addition, metabolic changes associated with the microbiota, bariatric surgery, and fecal matter transplantation are described. In this review, we summarize the biology and physiology of microbiota in obese patients, its role in the pathophysiology of several disorders associated, and the emerging therapeutic applications of prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosario Suárez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Beatriz Quintero
- School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Kleber Garrochamba
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Sebastián Pablo Chapela
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Nutritional Support Team, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Allergic Inflammation: Effect of Propolis and Its Flavonoids. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196694. [PMID: 36235230 PMCID: PMC9570745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of allergic diseases and their complications are increasing worldwide. Today, people increasingly use natural products, which has been termed a "return to nature". Natural products with healing properties, especially those obtained from plants and bees, have been used in the prevention and treatment of numerous chronic diseases, including allergy and/or inflammation. Propolis is a multi-component resin rich in flavonoids, collected and transformed by honeybees from buds and plant wounds for the construction and adaptation of their nests. This article describes the current views regarding the possible mechanisms and multiple benefits of flavonoids in combating allergy and allergy-related complications. These benefits arise from flavonoid anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and wound healing activities and their effects on microbe-immune system interactions in developing host responses to different allergens. Finally, this article presents various aspects of allergy pathobiology and possible molecular approaches in their treatment. Possible mechanisms regarding the antiallergic action of propolis on the microbiota of the digestive and respiratory tracts and skin diseases as a method to selectively remove allergenic molecules by the process of bacterial biotransformation are also reported.
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19
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Guo R, Zhang S, Chen J, Shen W, Zhang G, Wang J, Zhang F, Pan Q, Xie T, Ai D, Dong J, Suo J, Sun Y, Liu S. Comparison of gut microflora of donkeys in high and low altitude areas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:964799. [PMID: 36225357 PMCID: PMC9549287 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.964799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Donkeys’ gut microbe is critical for their health and adaptation to the environment. Little research has been conducted on the donkey gut microbiome compared with other domestic animals. The Tibetan Plateau is an extreme environment. In this study, 6 Qinghai donkeys (QH) from the Tibetan Plateau and 6 Dezhou donkeys (DZ) were investigated, and the contents of 4 parts—stomach, small intestine, cecum, and rectum—were collected. 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing were used to analyze the composition and diversity of gut microbial communities in donkeys. The results showed that the flora diversity and richness of the hindgut were significantly higher than those of the foregut (p < 0.01), with no sex differences, and the community structure and composition of the same or adjacent regions (stomach, small intestine, cecum, and rectum) were similar. Besides, the flora diversity and richness of QH on the Tibetan Plateau were significantly higher than those of DZ (p < 0.05). The major pathways associated with QH were signal transduction mechanisms and carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and Bacteroidales were the major contributors to these functions. Our study provides novel insights into the contribution of microbiomes to the adaptive evolution of donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuer Zhang
- Shandong Animal Husbandry General Station, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Gene Bank of Equine Genetic Resources, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Gene Bank of Equine Genetic Resources, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Gene Bank of Equine Genetic Resources, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fali Zhang
- Gene Bank of Equine Genetic Resources, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingjie Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Taifeng Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Deqiang Ai
- Qinghai Sheep Breeding and Extension Service Center, Gangcha County, Haibei Prefecture, Qinghai, China
| | - Jianbao Dong
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajia Suo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yujiang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Gene Bank of Equine Genetic Resources, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Vocational College of Dongying, Dongying, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Yujiang Sun,
| | - Shuqin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Gene Bank of Equine Genetic Resources, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shuqin Liu,
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20
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Survival and Interplay of γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Producing Psychobiotic Candidates with the Gut Microbiota in a Continuous Model of the Human Colon. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091311. [PMID: 36138790 PMCID: PMC9495918 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Appreciable evidence suggests that gut microbiota interact with the brain and play a key role in the pathogenesis of mental illnesses. Psychobiotics are beneficial bacteria (probiotics) or support for such bacteria (prebiotics) that can positively modulate microbiota–gut–brain interactions. Several trials suggest probiotics are involved in normalizing brain processes related to stress responses and mood improvements. Here, we studied the growth and competitiveness of recently identified GABA-producing psychobiotic candidates in a continuous model of the human colon. In summary, supplementation with these probiotic candidates positively modulated the gut microbiome composition and metabolism, suggesting their suitability for gut health-promoting applications. Abstract Over decades, probiotic research has focused on their benefits to gut health. Recently, the gut microbiota has been proven to share bidirectional connections with the brain through the gut–brain axis. Therefore, the manipulation of this axis via probiotics has garnered interest. We have recently isolated and characterized in vitro probiotic candidates producing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major neuromodulator of the enteric nervous system. This study investigates the growth and competitiveness of selected GABA-producing probiotic candidates (Bifidobacterium animalis, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) in the presence of human gut microbiota ex vivo in a model mimicking physiological and microbiological conditions of the human proximal colon. Supplementation with GABA-producing probiotic candidates did not affect the overall gut microbiota diversity over 48 h of treatment. However, these candidates modulated the microbiota composition, especially by increasing the Bacteroidetes population, a key gut microbe associated with anti-inflammatory activities. The level of microbiota-generated SCFAs within 12 h of treatment was also increased, compared to the control group. Results from this study demonstrate the probiotic potential of the tested GABA-producing bacteria and their impact on gut microbiota structure and metabolism, suggesting their suitability for gut health-promoting applications.
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21
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Shannon E, Conlon M, Hayes M. The Prebiotic Effect of Australian Seaweeds on Commensal Bacteria and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production in a Simulated Gut Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102163. [PMID: 35631304 PMCID: PMC9146517 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is known to affect the composition and metabolite production of the human gut microbial community, which in turn is linked with the health and immune status of the host. Whole seaweeds (WH) and their extracts contain prebiotic components such as polysaccharides (PS) and polyphenols (PP). In this study, the Australian seaweeds, Phyllospora comosa, Ecklonia radiata, Ulva ohnoi, and their PS and PP extracts were assessed for potential prebiotic activities using an in vitro gut model that included fresh human faecal inoculum. 16S rRNA sequencing post gut simulation treatment revealed that the abundance of several taxa of commensal bacteria within the phylum Firmicutes linked with short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and gut and immune function, including the lactic acid producing order Lactobacillales and the chief butyrate-producing genera Faecalibacteria, Roseburia, Blautia, and Butyricicoccus were significantly enhanced by the inclusion of WH, PS and PP extracts. After 24 h fermentation, the abundance of total Firmicutes ranged from 57.35−81.55% in the WH, PS and PP samples, which was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.01) than the inulin (INU) polysaccharide control (32.50%) and the epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) polyphenol control (67.13%); with the exception of P. comosa PP (57.35%), which was significantly greater than INU only. However, all WH, PS and PP samples also increased the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria; while the abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria was decreased by WH and PS samples. After 24 h incubation, the total and individual SCFAs present, including butyric, acetic and propionic acids produced by bacteria fermented with E. radiata and U. ohnoi, were significantly greater than the SCFAs identified in the INU and EGCG controls. Most notably, total SCFAs in the E. radiata PS and U. ohnoi WH samples were 227.53 and 208.68 µmol/mL, respectively, compared to only 71.05 µmol/mL in INU and 7.76 µmol/mL in the EGCG samples. This study demonstrates that whole seaweeds and their extracts have potential as functional food ingredients to support normal gut and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Shannon
- Teagasc Food Biosciences, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dunsinea Lane, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-8059980
| | - Michael Conlon
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Maria Hayes
- Teagasc Food Biosciences, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dunsinea Lane, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
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22
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Tiwari SK. Bacteriocin-Producing Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria in Controlling Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:851140. [PMID: 35651753 PMCID: PMC9149203 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.851140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strains of lactic acid bacteria are potent probiotics and can cure a variety of diseases using different modes of actions. These bacteria produce antimicrobial peptides, bacteriocins, which inhibit or kill generally closely related bacterial strains and other pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria, Clostridium, and Salmonella. Bacteriocins are cationic peptides that kill the target cells by pore formation and the dissipation of cytosolic contents, leading to cell death. Bacteriocins are also known to modulate native microbiota and host immunity, affecting several health-promoting functions of the host. In this review, we have discussed the ability of bacteriocin-producing probiotic lactic acid bacteria in the modulation of gut microbiota correcting dysbiosis and treatment/maintenance of a few important human disorders such as chronic infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, and cancer.
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23
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Cardile S, Del Chierico F, Candusso M, Reddel S, Bernaschi P, Pietrobattista A, Spada M, Torre G, Putignani L. Impact of Two Antibiotic Therapies on Clinical Outcome and Gut Microbiota Profile in Liver Transplant Paediatric Candidates Colonized by Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae CR-KP. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:730904. [PMID: 34970503 PMCID: PMC8712931 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.730904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonization by multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms in liver transplant (LT) candidates significantly affects the LT outcome. To date, consensus about patient management is lacking, including microbiological screening indications. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) colonization in LT paediatric candidates to enable optimal prevention and therapeutic strategies that exploit both clinical and microbiological approaches. Seven paediatric patients colonized by CR-KP were evaluated before and until one-year post LT. At the time of the transplant, patients were stratified based on antibiotic (ATB) prophylaxis into two groups: ‘standard ATB’ (standard ATB prophylaxis), and ‘targeted ATB’ (MDR antibiogram-based ATB prophylaxis). Twenty-eight faecal samples were collected during follow-up and used for MDR screening and gut microbiota 16S rRNA-based profiling. Post-transplant hospitalization duration was comparable for both groups. With the exception of one patient, no serious infections and/or complications, nor deaths were recorded. A progressive MDR decontamination was registered. In the ‘standard ATB’ group, overall bacterial richness increased. Moreover, 6 months after LT, Lactobacillus and Bulleidia were increased and Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella spp. were reduced. In the ‘targeted ATB’ group Klebsiella spp., Ruminococcus gnavus, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Bifidobacterium spp. were increased 12 months after LT. In conclusion, both antibiotics prophylaxis do not affect nor LT outcomes or the risk of intestinal bacterial translocation. However, in the ‘standard ATB’ group, gut microbiota richness after LT was increased, with an increase of beneficial lactic acid- and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)-producing bacteria and the reduction of harmful Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella spp. It could therefore be appropriate to administer standard prophylaxis, reserving the use of ATB-based molecules only in case of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Cardile
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manila Candusso
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Reddel
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bernaschi
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pietrobattista
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Spada
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Torre
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Katasonov AB. [Gut microbiome as a therapeutic target in the treatment of depression and anxiety]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:129-135. [PMID: 34932298 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2021121111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a bi-directional connection between the gut microbiome and the brain. Changes in the composition of the microbiome affect emotions, behavior, and the stress response involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Depression and anxiety are often associated with dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Dysbiosis enhances stress response and low-grade systemic inflammation, and vice versa. This vicious circle may be responsible for the formation of depression. Antidepressants therapy should be accompanied by the elimination of dysbiosis. For these purposes diet, prebiotics, probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation can be used. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are considered. The manipulation of microbiome composition has been shown to have great therapeutic potential in the treatment of depression and anxiety.
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de Oliveira Matheus LF, Risolia LW, Ernandes MC, de Souza JM, Oba PM, Vendramini THA, Pedrinelli V, Henríquez LBF, de Oliveira Massoco C, Pontieri CFF, Brunetto MA. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall addition on feed digestibility, fecal fermentation and microbiota and immunological parameters in adult cats. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:351. [PMID: 34784923 PMCID: PMC8596940 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing dosages of a commercial product composed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (YAM), with active metabolites, which are beta glucans, nucleotides, organic acids, polyphenols, amino acids, vitamins and minerals (Original XPCtm, Diamond V, IOWA, USA) added to a commercially available dry cat food. Apparent digestibility of dietary nutrients, fecal microbiota, fecal fermentation products and immunological parameters were evaluated. Twenty-seven healthy cats of mixed sexes, with a mean body weight of 4.19 ± 0.83 kg and a mean age of 9.44 ± 5.35 years were distributed by age in an unbalanced randomized block design, consisting of three experimental treatments: CD (control diet), YAM 0.3 (control diet with 0.3% yeast with active metabolites) and YAM 0.6 (control diet with 0.6% yeast with active metabolites). Results The inclusion of the additive elevated the apparent digestibility of crude fiber (p = 0.013) and ash (p < 0.001) without interfering feed consumption, fecal production and fecal characteristics. Regarding fermentation products present in the feces, prebiotic inclusion increased lactic acid concentration (p = 0.004) while reducing isovaleric acid (p = 0.014), only in the treatment YAM 0.3. No differences were noticed on biogenic amines (BA), fecal pH, ammonia concentration, total and individuals short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and total and individuals branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) (except isovaleric acid in YAM 0.3). As regards to fecal microbiota, prebiotic inclusion has resulted in the reduction of Clostridium perfringens (p = 0.023). No differences were found in the immunological parameters evaluated. Conclusion It can be concluded that the additive, at the levels of inclusion assessed shows prebiotic potential and it has effects on fecal fermentation products and microbiota without interfering on crude protein and dry matter digestibility. More studies evaluating grater inclusion levels of the prebiotic are necessary to determine optimal concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fantucci de Oliveira Matheus
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva Ave, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508270, Brazil
| | - Larissa Wunsche Risolia
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva Ave, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508270, Brazil
| | - Mariane Ceschin Ernandes
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva Ave, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508270, Brazil
| | - Johnny Maciel de Souza
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva Ave, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508270, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Massae Oba
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 120, 7 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva Ave, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508270, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva Ave, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508270, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ben Fiuza Henríquez
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva Ave, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508270, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Oliveira Massoco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva Ave, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508270, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 87, Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva Ave, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508270, Brazil.
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β-Mannanase BoMan26B from Bacteroides ovatus produces mannan-oligosaccharides with prebiotic potential from galactomannan and softwood β-mannans. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Schupfer E, Pak SC, Wang S, Micalos PS, Jeffries T, Ooi SL, Golombick T, Harris G, El-Omar E. The effects and benefits of arabinoxylans on human gut microbiota – A narrative review. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Cudrania tricuspidata Combined with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate Obesity-Associated Metabolic Parameters in Obese Mice. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091908. [PMID: 34576802 PMCID: PMC8468176 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the presented study was to investigate the synbiotic effects of L. rhamnosus 4B15 and C. tricuspidata extract administration on the gut microbiota and obesity-associated metabolic parameters in diet-induced obese mice. Thirty-one 6-week-old male C57BL/N6 mice were divided into five diet groups: normal diet (ND, n = 7) group; high-fat diet (HFD, n = 6) group; probiotic (PRO, n = 5) group; prebiotic (PRE, n = 7) group; and synbiotic (SYN, n = 6) group. After 10 weeks, the percent of fat mass, serum triglyceride, and ALT levels were significantly reduced in SYN-fed obese mice, compared with other treatments. SYN treatment also modulated the abundance of Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Adlercreutzia, Allobaculum, Coprococcus, unclassified Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus, Helicobacter, Flexispira, Odoribacter, Ruminococcus, unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, and unclassified Desulfovibrionaceae. These taxa showed a strong correlation with obesity-associated indices. Lastly, the SYN-supplemented diet upregulated metabolic pathways known to improve metabolic health. Further investigations are needed to understand the mechanisms driving the synbiotic effect of C. tricuspidata and L. rhamnosus 4B15.
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Iddrisu I, Monteagudo-Mera A, Poveda C, Pyle S, Shahzad M, Andrews S, Walton GE. Malnutrition and Gut Microbiota in Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082727. [PMID: 34444887 PMCID: PMC8401185 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition continues to threaten the lives of millions across the world, with children being hardest hit. Although inadequate access to food and infectious disease are the primary causes of childhood malnutrition, the gut microbiota may also contribute. This review considers the evidence on the role of diet in modifying the gut microbiota, and how the microbiota impacts childhood malnutrition. It is widely understood that the gut microbiota of children is influenced by diet, which, in turn, can impact child nutritional status. Additionally, diarrhoea, a major contributor to malnutrition, is induced by pathogenic elements of the gut microbiota. Diarrhoea leads to malabsorption of essential nutrients and reduced energy availability resulting in weight loss, which can lead to malnutrition. Alterations in gut microbiota of severe acute malnourished (SAM) children include increased Proteobacteria and decreased Bacteroides levels. Additionally, the gut microbiota of SAM children exhibits lower relative diversity compared with healthy children. Thus, the data indicate a link between gut microbiota and malnutrition in children, suggesting that treatment of childhood malnutrition should include measures that support a healthy gut microbiota. This could be of particular relevance in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia where prevalence of malnutrition remains a major threat to the lives of millions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishawu Iddrisu
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, UK; (I.I.); (A.M.-M.); (C.P.)
| | - Andrea Monteagudo-Mera
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, UK; (I.I.); (A.M.-M.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlos Poveda
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, UK; (I.I.); (A.M.-M.); (C.P.)
| | - Simone Pyle
- Unilever R&D, Colworth Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK;
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan;
| | - Simon Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, UK;
| | - Gemma Emily Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, UK; (I.I.); (A.M.-M.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Rose EC, Odle J, Blikslager AT, Ziegler AL. Probiotics, Prebiotics and Epithelial Tight Junctions: A Promising Approach to Modulate Intestinal Barrier Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6729. [PMID: 34201613 PMCID: PMC8268081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions in the intestinal epithelial barrier can result in devastating consequences and a multitude of disease syndromes, particularly among preterm neonates. The association between barrier dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis suggests that the intestinal barrier function is interactive with specific gut commensals and pathogenic microbes. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that probiotic supplementation promotes significant upregulation and relocalization of interepithelial tight junction proteins, which form the microscopic scaffolds of the intestinal barrier. Probiotics facilitate some of these effects through the ligand-mediated stimulation of several toll-like receptors that are expressed by the intestinal epithelium. In particular, bacterial-mediated stimulation of toll-like receptor-2 modulates the expression and localization of specific protein constituents of intestinal tight junctions. Given that ingested prebiotics are robust modulators of the intestinal microbiota, prebiotic supplementation has been similarly investigated as a potential, indirect mechanism of barrier preservation. Emerging evidence suggests that prebiotics may additionally exert a direct effect on intestinal barrier function through mechanisms independent of the gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize current views on the effects of pro- and prebiotics on the intestinal epithelial barrier as well as on non-epithelial cell barrier constituents, such as the enteric glial cell network. Through continued investigation of these bioactive compounds, we can maximize their therapeutic potential for preventing and treating gastrointestinal diseases associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Rose
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; (E.C.R.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Jack Odle
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Anthony T. Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; (E.C.R.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Amanda L. Ziegler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; (E.C.R.); (A.T.B.)
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Shannon E, Conlon M, Hayes M. Seaweed Components as Potential Modulators of the Gut Microbiota. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:358. [PMID: 34201794 PMCID: PMC8303941 DOI: 10.3390/md19070358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae, or seaweeds, are a rich source of components which may exert beneficial effects on the mammalian gut microbiota through the enhancement of bacterial diversity and abundance. An imbalance of gut bacteria has been linked to the development of disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, immunodeficiency, hypertension, type-2-diabetes, obesity, and cancer. This review outlines current knowledge from in vitro and in vivo studies concerning the potential therapeutic application of seaweed-derived polysaccharides, polyphenols and peptides to modulate the gut microbiota through diet. Polysaccharides such as fucoidan, laminarin, alginate, ulvan and porphyran are unique to seaweeds. Several studies have shown their potential to act as prebiotics and to positively modulate the gut microbiota. Prebiotics enhance bacterial populations and often their production of short chain fatty acids, which are the energy source for gastrointestinal epithelial cells, provide protection against pathogens, influence immunomodulation, and induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells. The oral bioaccessibility and bioavailability of seaweed components is also discussed, including the advantages and limitations of static and dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal models versus ex vivo and in vivo methods. Seaweed bioactives show potential for use in prevention and, in some instances, treatment of human disease. However, it is also necessary to confirm these potential, therapeutic effects in large-scale clinical trials. Where possible, we have cited information concerning these trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Shannon
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Michael Conlon
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
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Simon E, Călinoiu LF, Mitrea L, Vodnar DC. Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics: Implications and Beneficial Effects against Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062112. [PMID: 34203002 PMCID: PMC8233736 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still a common functional gastrointestinal disease that presents chronic abdominal symptoms but with a pathophysiology that is not yet fully elucidated. Moreover, the use of the synergistic combination of prebiotics and probiotics, known as synbiotics, for IBS therapy is still in the early stages. Advancements in technology led to determining the important role played by probiotics in IBS, whereas the present paper focuses on the detailed review of the various pathophysiologic mechanisms of action of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics via multidisciplinary domains involving the gastroenterology (microbiota modulation, alteration of gut barrier function, visceral hypersensitivity, and gastrointestinal dysmotility) immunology (intestinal immunological modulation), and neurology (microbiota–gut–brain axis communication and co-morbidities) in mitigating the symptoms of IBS. In addition, this review synthesizes literature about the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of prebiotics and synbiotics for patients with IBS, discussing clinical studies testing the efficiency and outcomes of synbiotics used as therapy for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elemer Simon
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.S.); (L.F.C.)
| | - Lavinia Florina Călinoiu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.S.); (L.F.C.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Laura Mitrea
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.S.); (L.F.C.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-747-341-881
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Ligezka AN, Sonmez AI, Corral-Frias MP, Golebiowski R, Lynch B, Croarkin PE, Romanowicz M. A systematic review of microbiome changes and impact of probiotic supplementation in children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 108:110187. [PMID: 33271210 PMCID: PMC8138744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In recent decades, the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the microbiome changes and the impact of probiotic supplementation have increased rapidly. However, the potential for clinical translation of microbiome research for children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders is unclear. This review examined available evidence related to gut microbiota as well as the impact of probiotic supplementation on psychiatric disorders in the pediatric population reported to date. METHODS We performed a literature search for the gut microbiota in child and adolescent population (0-18 years old) with mental health disorders from July 1999 through July 2019 in several databases: ClinicalTrials.gov, Ovid EBM Reviews, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, Ovid PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science. RESULTS A total of 7 studies met inclusion criteria consisting of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies that examined various associations between psychiatric disorders and gut microbiota in youth. Six studies examined the effects of various treatment interventions such as probiotic supplementation on microbiota composition and behaviors. One study showed an increase in prosocial behavior in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and an increase in the Lachnospiraceae family following prebiotic supplementation. Another study suggested that prebiotic supplementation increased bifidobacterial populations for ASD and healthy controls. A study evaluating infant supplementation of prebiotics showed both a decreased likelihood of developing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or ASD and decreased gut Bifidobacterium. One study did not find significant differences in microbiome composition after micronutrient treatment. CONCLUSION The main goal of this systematic review was to comprehensively examine and summarize the current evidence focused on the potential effect of the relationship between microbiota gut composition as well as the effects of probiotic supplementation on psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. This is a relatively new area of research and the number of included studies is limited. More studies are needed to determine whether gut dysbiosis leads to the development and/or contributes to the severity of mental disorders or whether gut dysbiosis is a result of other processes that accompany mental disorders. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A better understanding of the specific bacteria contributions, gut-brain pathways, and role in pathophysiological mechanisms in neuropsychiatric disorders in the child and adolescent populations can possibly provide alternative tools for a clinical psychiatrist. Moreover, it may ultimately aid the clinician with intervention strategies, or detect populations at risk for developing neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Ligezka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - A Irem Sonmez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Martha P Corral-Frias
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, School of Medicine and University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Psychiatry Department, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Raphael Golebiowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Brian Lynch
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Magdalena Romanowicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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Olvera-Rosales LB, Cruz-Guerrero AE, Ramírez-Moreno E, Quintero-Lira A, Contreras-López E, Jaimez-Ordaz J, Castañeda-Ovando A, Añorve-Morga J, Calderón-Ramos ZG, Arias-Rico J, González-Olivares LG. Impact of the Gut Microbiota Balance on the Health-Disease Relationship: The Importance of Consuming Probiotics and Prebiotics. Foods 2021; 10:1261. [PMID: 34199351 PMCID: PMC8230287 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a group of microorganisms that are deposited throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. Currently, thanks to genomic tools, studies of gut microbiota have pointed towards the understanding of the metabolism of important bacteria that are not cultivable and their relationship with human homeostasis. Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota could explain, at least in part, some epidemics, such as diabetes and obesity. Likewise, dysbiosis has been associated with gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. That is why several studies have recently been focused on the direct relationship that these types of conditions have with the specific composition of gut microbiota, as in the case of the microbiota-intestine-brain axis. In the same way, the control of microbiota is related to the diet. Therefore, this review highlights the importance of gut microbiota, from its composition to its relationship with the human health-disease condition, as well as emphasizes the effect of probiotic and prebiotic consumption on the balance of its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Berenice Olvera-Rosales
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Alma-Elizabeth Cruz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico
| | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda, La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42060, Hidalgo, Mexico; (E.R.-M.); (Z.-G.C.-R.)
| | - Aurora Quintero-Lira
- Área Académica de Ingeniería Agroindustrial e Ingeniería en alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km. 1, Ex-Hacienda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Contreras-López
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Judith Jaimez-Ordaz
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Araceli Castañeda-Ovando
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Javier Añorve-Morga
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Zuli-Guadalupe Calderón-Ramos
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda, La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42060, Hidalgo, Mexico; (E.R.-M.); (Z.-G.C.-R.)
| | - José Arias-Rico
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda, La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42060, Hidalgo, Mexico;
| | - Luis-Guillermo González-Olivares
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
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Anwar H, Iftikhar A, Muzaffar H, Almatroudi A, Allemailem KS, Navaid S, Saleem S, Khurshid M. Biodiversity of Gut Microbiota: Impact of Various Host and Environmental Factors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5575245. [PMID: 34055983 PMCID: PMC8133857 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5575245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human bodies encompass very important symbiotic and mutualistic relationships with tiny creatures known as microbiota. Trillions of these tiny creatures including protozoa, viruses, bacteria, and fungi are present in and on our bodies. They play important roles in various physiological mechanisms of our bodies. In return, our bodies provide them with the habitat and food necessary for their survival. In this review, we comprehend the gut microbial species present in various regions of the gut. We can get benefits from microbiota only if they are present in appropriate concentrations, as if their concentration is altered, it will lead to dysbiosis of microbiota which further contributes to various health ailments. The composition, diversity, and functionality of gut microbiota do not remain static throughout life as they keep on changing over time. In this review, we also reviewed the various biotic and abiotic factors influencing the quantity and quality of these microbiota. These factors serve a significant role in shaping the gut microbiota population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Iftikhar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Muzaffar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Navaid
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Saleem
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Validity and Reliability Assessments of a 16-item Food Frequency Questionnaire as a Probiotic and Prebiotic Consumption Scale in People Aged 20 to 40 Years in Tehran. NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/nfsr.8.2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Tian Z, Wang X, Duan Y, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Azad MAK, Wang Z, Blachier F, Kong X. Dietary Supplementation With Bacillus subtilis Promotes Growth and Gut Health of Weaned Piglets. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:600772. [PMID: 33521080 PMCID: PMC7844206 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.600772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different types of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) on the growth and gut health of weaned piglets. A total of 160 piglets were randomly assigned into four groups: control group (a basal diet), BS-A group (a basal diet supplemented with B. subtilis A at 1 × 106 CFU/g feed), BS-B group (a basal diet supplemented with B. subtilis B at 1 × 106 CFU/g feed), and BS-C group (a basal diet supplemented with B. subtilis C at 1 × 106 CFU/g feed). All groups had five replicates with eight piglets per replicate. On days 7, 21, and 42 of the trial, blood plasma and intestinal tissues and digesta samples were collected to determine plasma cytokine concentrations, intestinal morphology, gut microbiota community and metabolic activity, and the expression of genes related to gut physiology and metabolism. The results showed that dietary B. subtilis supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the body weight and average daily gain (in BS-B and BS-C groups) of weaned piglets and decreased (P < 0.05) the diarrhea rates (in BS-A, BS-B, and BS-C groups). In the intestinal morphology analysis, B. subtilis supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the size of villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum of weaned piglets. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Tenericutes were the most dominant microflora in piglets' colon whatever the trial group and time of analysis. Dietary BS-C supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundances of Anaerovibrio and Bulleidia and decreased (P < 0.05) the relative abundances of Clostridium and Coprococcus compared with the control group. In addition, dietary B. subtilis supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the indicators of intestinal health, including plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10, as well as the colonic levels of short-chain fatty acids. Furthermore, dietary B. subtilis supplementation also up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways related to intestinal microbiota maturation. In conclusion, these findings suggest that a diet containing BS-B or BS-C can efficiently promote growth performance, decrease diarrhea incidence, and ameliorate several indicators of intestinal health through the modulation of gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | | | - Md Abul Kalam Azad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanbin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Francois Blachier
- University Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Ullah H, Tovchiga O, Daglia M, Khan H. Modulating Gut Microbiota: An Emerging Approach in the Prevention and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:1966-1983. [PMID: 33596808 PMCID: PMC9185793 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210217084827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder characterized by demyelination of neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis of the disorder is described as an autoimmune attack targeting the myelin sheath of nerve cell axons in the CNS. Available treatments only reduce the risk of relapse, prolonging the remissions of neurological symptoms and halt the progression of the disorder. Among the new ways of targeting neurological disorders, including MS, there is modulation of gut microbiota since the link between gut microbiota has been rethought within the term gut-brain axis. Gut microbiota is known to help the body with essential functions such as vitamin production and positive regulation of immune, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways. High consumption of saturated fatty acids, gluten, salt, alcohol, artificial sweeteners, or antibiotics is the responsible factor for causing gut dysbiosis. The latter can lead to dysregulation of immune and inflammatory pathways, which eventually results in leaky gut syndrome, systemic inflammation, autoimmune reactions, and increased susceptibility to infections. In modern medicine, scientists have mostly focused on the modulation of gut microbiota in the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for numerous disorders, with probiotics and prebiotics being the most widely studied in this regard. Several pieces of evidence from preclinical and clinical studies have supported the positive impact of probiotic and/or prebiotic intake on gut microbiota and MS. This review aims to link gut dysbiosis with the development/progression of MS, and the potential of modulation of gut microbiota in the therapeutics of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Daglia
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy, International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China; E-mail:
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Hoang DM, Levy EI, Vandenplas Y. The impact of Caesarean section on the infant gut microbiome. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:60-67. [PMID: 33405258 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Description of the impact of caesarean section on the infant gut microbiome, infant health and solutions to restore the dysbiosis. METHODS We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for relevant articles. Only articles published in English were selected. Separate searches were performed for each topic. We selected 60 articles published between 1999 and 2019 by extracting subject headings and key words of interest for this topic. RESULTS Caesarean section is an obstetrical procedure that is increasing in prevalence worldwide. On top of the maternal and neonatal risks that this procedure carries, it also induces a dysbiosis of the infant intestinal microbiome possibly challenging the health outcome for the infant. Antibiotics administered during Caesarean deliveries contribute to the development of the gut microbiome. Nonetheless, breastfeeding and several interventions such as vaginal seeding and supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics may contribute to the restoration of the dysbiosis. CONCLUSION Caesarean section is associated with the development of an imbalance of the infant gut microbiome. Long-term consequences of this imbalance are debated. Besides breastfeeding, other strategies to restore this dysbiosis need further studies before they can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine M. Hoang
- KidZ Health Castle Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
| | - Elvira I. Levy
- KidZ Health Castle Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
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Zhang R, Zhang J, Dang W, Irwin DM, Wang Z, Zhang S. Unveiling the Biogeography and Potential Functions of the Intestinal Digesta- and Mucosa-Associated Microbiome of Donkeys. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:596882. [PMID: 33424800 PMCID: PMC7793809 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbial composition and metabolic functions under normal physiological conditions in the donkey are crucial for health and production performance. However, compared with other animal species, limited information is currently available regarding the intestinal microbiota of donkeys. In the present study, we characterized the biogeography and potential functions of the intestinal digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota of different segments of the intestine (jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon) in the donkey, focusing on the differences in the microbial communities between the small and large intestine. Our results show that, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes dominate in both the digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota in different intestinal locations of the donkey. Starch-degrading and acid-producing (butyrate and lactate) microbiota, such as Lactobacillus and Sarcina, were more enriched in the small intestine, while the fiber- and mucin-degrading bacteria, such as Akkermansia, were more enriched in the large intestine. Furthermore, metabolic functions in membrane transport and lipid metabolism were more enriched in the small intestine, while functions for energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, amino acid metabolism were more enriched in the large intestine. In addition, the microbial composition and functions in the digesta-associated microbiota among intestinal locations differed greatly, while the mucosal differences were smaller, suggesting a more stable and consistent role in the different intestinal locations. This study provides us with new information on the microbial differences between the small and large intestines of the donkey and the synergistic effects of the intestinal microbiota with host functions, which may improve our understanding the evolution of the equine digestive system and contribute to the healthy and efficient breeding of donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Zhang
- Institute of Equine Sciences, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- Institute of Equine Sciences, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wanyi Dang
- Institute of Equine Sciences, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - David M. Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute of Equine Sciences, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Institute of Equine Sciences, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Baghbani T, Nikzad H, Azadbakht J, Izadpanah F, Haddad Kashani H. Dual and mutual interaction between microbiota and viral infections: a possible treat for COVID-19. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:217. [PMID: 33243230 PMCID: PMC7689646 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
All of humans and other mammalian species are colonized by some types of microorganisms such as bacteria, archaea, unicellular eukaryotes like fungi and protozoa, multicellular eukaryotes like helminths, and viruses, which in whole are called microbiota. These microorganisms have multiple different types of interaction with each other. A plethora of evidence suggests that they can regulate immune and digestive systems and also play roles in various diseases, such as mental, cardiovascular, metabolic and some skin diseases. In addition, they take-part in some current health problems like diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancers and infections. Viral infection is one of the most common and problematic health care issues, particularly in recent years that pandemics like SARS and COVID-19 caused a lot of financial and physical damage to the world. There are plenty of articles investigating the interaction between microbiota and infectious diseases. We focused on stimulatory to suppressive effects of microbiota on viral infections, hoping to find a solution to overcome this current pandemic. Then we reviewed mechanistically the effects of both microbiota and probiotics on most of the viruses. But unlike previous studies which concentrated on intestinal microbiota and infection, our focus is on respiratory system's microbiota and respiratory viral infection, bearing in mind that respiratory system is a proper entry site and residence for viruses, and whereby infection, can lead to asymptomatic, mild, self-limiting, severe or even fatal infection. Finally, we overgeneralize the effects of microbiota on COVID-19 infection. In addition, we reviewed the articles about effects of the microbiota on coronaviruses and suggest some new therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Baghbani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Javid Azadbakht
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicin, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Izadpanah
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center and Food and Drug Reference Control Laboratories Center, Food & Drug Administration of Iran, MOH & ME, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Tsukahara T, Kimura Y, Inoue R, Iwata T. Preliminary investigation of the use of dietary supplementation with probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 shows that it attenuates antimicrobial-induced dysbiosis in weaned piglets. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13475. [PMID: 33078490 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growth performance of pigs has been associated with healthy gut microbiota. To improve production, pigs are usually treated with antimicrobials. Nonetheless, while antimicrobials harm the gut-indigenous microbiota, probiotic supplementation seems to help keep it healthy. Here, using antimicrobials, we artificially induced dysbiosis in pigs and evaluated a possible preventive effect of probiotic supplementation. Three 6-week-old piglets were given a basal feed, and 3 more the feed supplemented with 2.0 × 106 CFU of Bacillus subtilis QST713/g of feed. After 14 days, antimicrobial enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg B.W.) was injected intramuscularly to all pigs on days 14-16. Feces were collected on days 14, 17, 19, 21, and 23. Total bacteria count was unaffected by enrofloxacin or QST713. However, Lactobacillus spp. and, in particular, Escherichia coli were affected by enrofloxacin, the latter not being observed in the feces on days 17 and 19. Interestingly, a reciprocal increase in E. coli was observed in control pigs on days 21 and 23, although in QST713-supplemented piglets, this increase was attenuated. While the gut microbiota composition did not return to initial levels in antimicrobial-administered piglets, it did in QST713-supplemented piglets. QST713 supplementation was likely crucial to keep the microbiota of piglets healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
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Elmassry MM, Zayed A, Farag MA. Gut homeostasis and microbiota under attack: impact of the different types of food contaminants on gut health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:738-763. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1828263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moamen M. Elmassry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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Rentas MF, Pedreira RS, Perini MP, Risolia LW, Zafalon RVA, Alvarenga IC, Vendramini THA, Balieiro JCC, Pontieri CFF, Brunetto MA. Galactoligosaccharide and a prebiotic blend improve colonic health and immunity of adult dogs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238006. [PMID: 32857814 PMCID: PMC7455039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two prebiotics in different concentrations on nutrient digestibility, fermentative products and immunological variables in adult dogs. Twenty-four adult dogs were randomly divided into six blocks according to their metabolic body weights (BW0.75); within these groups, dogs were randomized to four treatments: control without prebiotics (CO); inclusion of 0.5% prebiotic blend Yes-Golf (B1); inclusion of 1.0% galactooligosaccharide (GOS); and inclusion of 1.0% prebiotic blend Yes-Golf (B2). The experiment lasted 30 days, with 20 days adaptation and 10 days stool and blood collection. Results were analyzed for normality and means were separated by ANOVA and adjusted by the Tukey test at the significance level of 5.0%. Prebiotic supplementation had no effect on apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC), total stool production and fecal scores (p > 0.05). Prebiotics evaluated also did not alter fecal pH, nor the concentrations of ammonia, lactic acid, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and most fecal branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) (p > 0.05). The addition of GOS decreased the concentration of iso-valeric acid (p = 0.0423). Regarding immunological variables, concentrations of fecal IgA were not influenced by the treatments. Treatments GOS and B2 increased the total number of polymorphonuclear cells, as well as the oxidative burst in relation to treatments B1 and CO (p < 0.0001). Treatment B2 improved the rate of S. aureus phagocytosis in relation to CO (p = 0.0111), and both the GOS and B2 treatments had a better index for E. coli phagocytosis than the CO treatment (p = 0.0067). In conclusion, there was indication that both prebiotics GOS and B2 at 1.0% inclusion improved the immunity of healthy dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Animal Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Raquel Silveira Pedreira
- Nutritional Development Center, Grandfood Indústria e Comércio Ltda (Premier Pet), Dourado, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pamplona Perini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Animal Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Larissa Wünsche Risolia
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Animal Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Animal Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Animal Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar Carvalho Balieiro
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Animal Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Animal Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo–USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Puccetti M, Xiroudaki S, Ricci M, Giovagnoli S. Postbiotic-Enabled Targeting of the Host-Microbiota-Pathogen Interface: Hints of Antibiotic Decline? Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E624. [PMID: 32635461 PMCID: PMC7408102 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mismanagement of bacterial infection therapies has undermined the reliability and efficacy of antibiotic treatments, producing a profound crisis of the antibiotic drug market. It is by now clear that tackling deadly infections demands novel strategies not only based on the mere toxicity of anti-infective compounds. Host-directed therapies have been the first example as novel treatments with alternate success. Nevertheless, recent advances in the human microbiome research have provided evidence that compounds produced by the microbial metabolism, namely postbiotics, can have significant impact on human health. Such compounds target the host-microbe-pathogen interface rescuing biotic and immune unbalances as well as inflammation, thus providing novel therapeutic opportunities. This work discusses critically, through literature review and personal contributions, these novel nonantibiotic treatment strategies for infectious disease management and resistance prevention, which could represent a paradigm change rocking the foundation of current antibiotic therapy tenets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, via del Liceo 1, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.X.); (M.R.)
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Umu ÖCO, Mydland LT, Øverland M, Press CM, Sørum H. Rapeseed-based diet modulates the imputed functions of gut microbiome in growing-finishing pigs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9372. [PMID: 32523033 PMCID: PMC7287078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed meal is a sustainable feed ingredient that can be used as an alternative to imported soybean meal in European pig production. The gut microbiota plays an important role on pig physiology and health but the impact on microbiota of using rapeseed in diets is still not well known. In this study, 84 purebred Norwegian Landrace pigs with average initial weight of 25 kg were divided into two groups and fed for approximately three months with either a control diet containing soybean meal (CON) or a high-fiber experimental diet where 20% rapeseed meal (RSF) was included as an alternative to soybean meal in CON. The composition and function of microbiome in gut digesta samples were analyzed by performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing and culturing of bacteria. The microbiota diversity and composition were similar between the dietary treatments; however, relative abundance of a variety of bacterial groups and imputed functions of microbiome in the ileum and large intestine were altered when the pigs were fed with a rapeseed-based diet. It was notable that the immune-inducing bacterial group Mucispirillum and anti-inflammatory stimulating bacteria Lachnospira were more abundant in the ileum and large intestine of the RSF group, respectively. Moreover, there was a higher abundance of major amino acid fermenters and amylolytic bacteria in the CON group and a high abundance of putative short chain fatty acid producers in RSF group. In comparison with the CON group, the gut microbiome of RSF group possessed an enhanced potential for carbohydrate and energy metabolism and a reduced potential for bacterial pathogenicity-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgün Candan Onarman Umu
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, N-0102, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Liv Torunn Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Charles McLean Press
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, N-0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henning Sørum
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, N-0102, Oslo, Norway
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Health Benefits of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Fermentates. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061679. [PMID: 32512787 PMCID: PMC7352953 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Consuming fermented foods has been reported to result in improvements in a range of health parameters. These positive effects can be exerted by a combination of the live microorganisms that the fermented foods contain, as well as the bioactive components released into the foods as by-products of the fermentation process. In many instances, and particularly in dairy fermented foods, the microorganisms involved in the fermentation process belong to the lactic acid group of bacteria (LAB). An alternative approach to making some of the health benefits that have been attributed to fermented foods available is through the production of ‘fermentates’. The term ‘fermentate’ generally relates to a powdered preparation, derived from a fermented product and which can contain the fermenting microorganisms, components of these microorganisms, culture supernatants, fermented substrates, and a range of metabolites and bioactive components with potential health benefits. Here, we provide a brief overview of a selection of in vitro and in vivo studies and patents exclusively reporting the health benefits of LAB ‘fermentates’. Typically, in such studies, the potential health benefits have been attributed to the bioactive metabolites present in the crude fermentates and/or culture supernatants rather than the direct effects of the LAB strain(s) involved.
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Osman MM, El-Khatib FM, Roberts NH, Huynh LM, Yafi FA. The Gut Microbiome and Men’s Sexual Health. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-019-00230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wegh CAM, Geerlings SY, Knol J, Roeselers G, Belzer C. Postbiotics and Their Potential Applications in Early Life Nutrition and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4673. [PMID: 31547172 PMCID: PMC6801921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics are functional bioactive compounds, generated in a matrix during fermentation, which may be used to promote health. The term postbiotics can be regarded as an umbrella term for all synonyms and related terms of these microbial fermentation components. Therefore, postbiotics can include many different constituents including metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbial cell fractions, functional proteins, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), cell lysates, teichoic acid, peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides and pili-type structures. Postbiotics is also a rather new term in the '-biotics' field. Where consensus exists for the definitions of pre- and probiotics, this is not yet the case for postbiotics. Here we propose a working definition and review currently known postbiotic compounds, their proposed mechanisms, clinical evidence and potential applications. Research to date indicates that postbiotics can have direct immunomodulatory and clinically relevant effects and evidence can be found for the use of postbiotics in healthy individuals to improve overall health and to relief symptoms in a range of diseases such as infant colic and in adults atopic dermatitis and different causes of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A M Wegh
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sharon Y Geerlings
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Knol
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Danone-Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Guus Roeselers
- Danone-Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Hasan N, Yang H. Factors affecting the composition of the gut microbiota, and its modulation. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7502. [PMID: 31440436 PMCID: PMC6699480 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota have important functions in the body, and imbalances in the composition and diversity of those microbiota can cause several diseases. The host fosters favorable microbiota by releasing specific factors, such as microRNAs, and nonspecific factors, such as antimicrobial peptides, mucus and immunoglobulin A that encourage the growth of specific types of bacteria and inhibit the growth of others. Diet, antibiotics, and age can change gut microbiota, and many studies have shown the relationship between disorders of the microbiota and several diseases and reported some ways to modulate that balance. In this review, we highlight how the host shapes its gut microbiota via specific and nonspecific factors, how environmental and nutritional factors affect it, and how to modulate it using prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Hasan
- Department of Microbiology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Faculty of Health Science, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria
| | - Hongyi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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