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Giovannini G, Sharma K, Boesel LF, Rossi RM. Lab-on-a-Fiber Wearable Multi-Sensor for Monitoring Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302603. [PMID: 37988685 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds are regarded as a silent epidemic, affecting 1-2% of the population and representing 2-4% of healthcare expenses. The current methods used to assess the wound healing process are based on the visual evaluation of physical parameters. This work aims to design a wearable non-invasive device capable of evaluating three parameters simultaneously: the pH and the levels of glucose and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) present in the wound exudate. The device is composed of three independent polymer optical fibers functionalized with fluorescent-based sensing chemistries specific to the targeted analytes. Each fiber is characterized in terms of detection sensitivity and selectivity confirming their suitability for monitoring the targeted parameters in ranges relevant to the wound environment. The selectivity and robustness of the multi-sensing device are confirmed with analyses using complex solutions with different pH levels (5, 6, and 7), different concentrations of glucose (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mm), and MMP (1.25, 2.5, and 5 µg mL-1 ). Given the simple set-up, the affordability of the materials used and the possibility of detecting additional parameters relevant to wound healing, such multi-sensing fiber-based devices could pave the way for novel non-invasive wearable tools enabling the assessment of wound healing from the molecular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Giovannini
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St.Gallen, CH-9014, Switzerland
| | - Khushdeep Sharma
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St.Gallen, CH-9014, Switzerland
| | - Luciano F Boesel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St.Gallen, CH-9014, Switzerland
| | - René M Rossi
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St.Gallen, CH-9014, Switzerland
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2
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Skwira A, Szewczyk A, Barros J, Laranjeira M, Monteiro FJ, Sądej R, Prokopowicz M. Biocompatible antibiotic-loaded mesoporous silica/bioglass/collagen-based scaffolds as bone drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123408. [PMID: 37703959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Local delivery of antibiotics has gained increasing interest in the treatment of osteomyelitis due to its effectiveness and safety. Since the regeneration of bone tissue at the site of infection is as important as bacterial eradication, implantable drug delivery systems should not only release the drugs in a proper manner but also exert the osseointegration capability. Herein, we present an implantable drug delivery system in a scaffold form with a unique set of features for local treatment of osteomyelitis. For the first time, collagen type I, ciprofloxacin-loaded mesoporous silica, and bioglass were combined to obtain scaffolds using the molding method. Drug-loaded mesoporous silica was blended with polydimethylsiloxane to prolong the drug release, whereas bioglass served as a remineralization agent. Collagen-silica scaffolds were evaluated in terms of physicochemical properties, drug release rate, mineralization potential, osteoblast response in vitro, antimicrobial activity, and biological properties using an in vivo preclinical model - chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The desirable multifunctionality of the proposed collagen-silica scaffolds was confirmed. They released the ciprofloxacin for 80 days, prevented biofilm development, and induced hydroxyapatite formation. Moreover, the resulting macroporous structure of the scaffolds promoted osteoblast attachment, infiltration, and proliferation. Collagen-silica scaffolds were also biocompatible and effectively integrated with CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Skwira
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Adrian Szewczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Joana Barros
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marta Laranjeira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Jorge Monteiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rafał Sądej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Prokopowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Butler K, Brinker CJ, Leong HS. Bridging the In Vitro to In Vivo gap: Using the Chick Embryo Model to Accelerate Nanoparticle Validation and Qualification for In Vivo studies. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19626-19650. [PMID: 36453753 PMCID: PMC9799072 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We postulate that nanoparticles (NPs) for use in therapeutic applications have largely not realized their clinical potential due to an overall inability to use in vitro results to predict NP performance in vivo. The avian embryo and associated chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) has emerged as an in vivo preclinical model that bridges the gap between in vitro and in vivo, enabling rapid screening of NP behavior under physiologically relevant conditions and providing a rapid, accessible, economical, and more ethical means of qualifying nanoparticles for in vivo use. The CAM is highly vascularized and mimics the diverging/converging vasculature of the liver, spleen, and lungs that serve as nanoparticle traps. Intravital imaging of fluorescently labeled NPs injected into the CAM vasculature enables immediate assessment and quantification of nano-bio interactions at the individual NP scale in any tissue of interest that is perfused with a microvasculature. In this review, we highlight how utilization of the avian embryo and its CAM as a preclinical model can be used to understand NP stability in blood and tissues, extravasation, biocompatibility, and NP distribution over time, thereby serving to identify a subset of NPs with the requisite stability and performance to introduce into rodent models and enabling the development of structure-property relationships and NP optimization without the sacrifice of large populations of mice or other rodents. We then review how the chicken embryo and CAM model systems have been used to accelerate the development of NP delivery and imaging agents by allowing direct visualization of targeted (active) and nontargeted (passive) NP binding, internalization, and cargo delivery to individual cells (of relevance for the treatment of leukemia and metastatic cancer) and cellular ensembles (e.g., cancer xenografts of interest for treatment or imaging of cancer tumors). We conclude by showcasing emerging techniques for the utilization of the CAM in future nano-bio studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly
S. Butler
- Molecular
and Microbiology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - C. Jeffrey Brinker
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Comprehensive Cancer
Center, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Hon Sing Leong
- Department
of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1L7, Canada
- Biological
Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto M4N 3M5, Canada
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4
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Pan F, Giovannini G, Zhang S, Altenried S, Zuber F, Chen Q, Boesel LF, Ren Q. pH-responsive silica nanoparticles for the treatment of skin wound infections. Acta Biomater 2022; 145:172-184. [PMID: 35417797 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds are not only a burden for patients but also challenging for clinic treatment due to biofilm formation. Here, we utilized the phenomenon that chronic wounds possess an elevated local pH of 8.9 and developed pH-sensitive silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) to achieve a targeted drug release on alkaline wounds and optimized drug utility. Chlorhexidine (CHX), a disinfectant and antiseptic, was loaded into SiNPs as the model drug. The loaded CHX displayed a release 4 - 5 fold higher at pH 8.0 and 8.5 than at pH 6.5, 7.0 and 7.4. CHX-SiNPs furthermore exhibited a distinctive antibacterial activity at pH 8.0 and 8.5 against both Gram-negative and -positive bacterial pathogens, while no cytotoxicity was found according to cell viability analysis. The CHX-SiNPs were further formulated into alginate hydrogels to allow ease of use. The antibacterial efficacy of CHX-SiNPs was then studied with artificial wounds on ex vivo human skin. Treatment with CHX-SiNPs enabled nearly a 4-lg reduction of the viable bacterial cells, and the alginate formulated CHX-SiNPs led to almost a 3-lg reduction compared to the negative controls. The obtained results demonstrated that CHX-SiNPs are capable of efficient pH-triggered drug release, leading to high antibacterial efficacy. Moreover, CHX-SiNPs enlighten clinic potential towards the treatment of chronic wound infections. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A platform for controlled drug release at a relatively high pH value i.e., over 8, was established by tuning the physical structures of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). Incorporation of chlorhexidine, an antimicrobial agent, into the fabricated SiNPs allowed a distinctive inhibition of bacterial growth at alkaline pHs, but not at acidic pHs. The efficacy of the SiNPs loaded with chlorhexidine in treating wound infections was further validated by utilizing ex vivo human skin samples. The presented work demonstrates clinic potential of employing alkaline pH as a non-invasive stimulus to achieve on-demand delivery of antimicrobials through SiNPs, showcasing a valuable approach to treating bacterial infections on chronic wounds.
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Morais RP, Hochheim S, de Oliveira CC, Riegel-Vidotti IC, Marino CEB. Skin interaction, permeation, and toxicity of silica nanoparticles: Challenges and recent therapeutic and cosmetic advances. Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121439. [PMID: 34990742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) received more attention with the emergence of nanotechnology with the aim and promise of becoming innovative drug delivery systems. They have been fulfilling this objective with excellence and nowadays they play a central role in biomedical applications. New SNPs application routes are being explored such as the epidermal, dermal, and transdermal routes. With that, novel models of synthesis, functionalization, and applications constantly appear. However, it is essential that such innovations are accompanied by in-depth studies on permeation, biodistribution, metabolization, and elimination of the generated by-products. Such studies are still incipient, if not rare. This article reviews significant findings on SNPs and their skin interactions. An extensive literature review on SNPs synthesis and functionalization methodologies was performed, as well as on the skin characteristics, skin permeation mechanisms, and in vivo toxicity assessments. Furthermore, studies of the past 5 years on the main therapeutic and cosmetic products employing SNPs, with greater emphasis on in vivo and ex vivo studies were included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Pinho Morais
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina Hochheim
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Cláudia E B Marino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
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Ramos TI, Villacis-Aguirre CA, López-Aguilar KV, Santiago Padilla L, Altamirano C, Toledo JR, Santiago Vispo N. The Hitchhiker's Guide to Human Therapeutic Nanoparticle Development. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:247. [PMID: 35213980 PMCID: PMC8879439 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine plays an essential role in developing new therapies through novel drug delivery systems, diagnostic and imaging systems, vaccine development, antibacterial tools, and high-throughput screening. One of the most promising drug delivery systems are nanoparticles, which can be designed with various compositions, sizes, shapes, and surface modifications. These nanosystems have improved therapeutic profiles, increased bioavailability, and reduced the toxicity of the product they carry. However, the clinical translation of nanomedicines requires a thorough understanding of their properties to avoid problems with the most questioned aspect of nanosystems: safety. The particular physicochemical properties of nano-drugs lead to the need for additional safety, quality, and efficacy testing. Consequently, challenges arise during the physicochemical characterization, the production process, in vitro characterization, in vivo characterization, and the clinical stages of development of these biopharmaceuticals. The lack of a specific regulatory framework for nanoformulations has caused significant gaps in the requirements needed to be successful during their approval, especially with tests that demonstrate their safety and efficacy. Researchers face many difficulties in establishing evidence to extrapolate results from one level of development to another, for example, from an in vitro demonstration phase to an in vivo demonstration phase. Additional guidance is required to cover the particularities of this type of product, as some challenges in the regulatory framework do not allow for an accurate assessment of NPs with sufficient evidence of clinical success. This work aims to identify current regulatory issues during the implementation of nanoparticle assays and describe the major challenges that researchers have faced when exposing a new formulation. We further reflect on the current regulatory standards required for the approval of these biopharmaceuticals and the requirements demanded by the regulatory agencies. Our work will provide helpful information to improve the success of nanomedicines by compiling the challenges described in the literature that support the development of this novel encapsulation system. We propose a step-by-step approach through the different stages of the development of nanoformulations, from their design to the clinical stage, exemplifying the different challenges and the measures taken by the regulatory agencies to respond to these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelvia I. Ramos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
| | - Carlos A. Villacis-Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.)
| | - Katherine V. López-Aguilar
- Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador;
| | | | - Claudia Altamirano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile;
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Av. Universidad 330, Placilla, Sector Curauma, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Jorge R. Toledo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.)
| | - Nelson Santiago Vispo
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
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Kasapidou PM, de Montullé EL, Dembélé KP, Mutel A, Desrues L, Gubala V, Castel H. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels loaded with chemoattractant and anticancer drug - new formulation for attracting and tackling glioma cells. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10846-10861. [PMID: 34806746 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01003d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, significant interest has emerged in the development of localised therapeutic strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). The concept of attracting and trapping residual tumour cells within a confined area to facilitate their eradication has developed progressively. Herein, we propose a new design of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel which can be utilized as a matrix containing a soluble chemoattractant to attract residual glioma cells and chemotherapeutic agents to eradicate them in a less invasive and more efficient way compared to the currently available methods. Hydrogels were prepared at different crosslinking densities, e.g. low and high density, by crosslinking hyaluronic acid with various concentrations of adipic acid dihydrazide and U87MG GBM cell morphology, survival and CD44 expression were evaluated. As a proof-of-concept, hydrogels were loaded with a small peptide chemokine, human urotensin II (hUII), and the migration and survival of U87MG GBM cells were studied. Chemoattractant-containing hydrogels were also loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs to promote cell death in culture. The results showed that U87MG cells were able to invade the hydrogel network and to migrate in response to the chemoattractant hUII. In addition, in static condition, hydrogels loaded with doxorubicin demonstrated significant cytotoxicity leading to less than 80% U87MG cell viability after 48 hours when compared to the control sample. In addition, in in vitro invasive assays, it was originally shown that the chemoattractant effect of hUII can be effective before the cytotoxic action of doxorubicin on the U87MG cells trapped in the hydrogel. Our results provide new insights into a promising approach which can be readily translated in vivo for the treatment of one of the most devastating brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi M Kasapidou
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham, ME4 4TB, UK
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Emmanuel Laillet de Montullé
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Kleouforo-Paul Dembélé
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Mutel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Laurence Desrues
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Vladimir Gubala
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Hélène Castel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
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Grambow E, Sorg H, Sorg CGG, Strüder D. Experimental Models to Study Skin Wound Healing with a Focus on Angiogenesis. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9030055. [PMID: 34449673 PMCID: PMC8395822 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of models are now available for the investigation of skin wound healing. These can be used to study the processes that take place in a phase-specific manner under both physiological and pathological conditions. Most models focus on wound closure, which is a crucial parameter for wound healing. However, vascular supply plays an equally important role and corresponding models for selective or parallel investigation of microcirculation regeneration and angiogenesis are also described. In this review article, we therefore focus on the different levels of investigation of skin wound healing (in vivo to in virtuo) and the investigation of angiogenesis and its parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Grambow
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Heiko Sorg
- Department of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58455 Witten, Germany;
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Westfalen, Am Knappschaftskrankenhaus 1, 44309 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian G. G. Sorg
- Chair of Management and Innovation in Health Care, Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management, Economics and Society, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58455 Witten, Germany;
| | - Daniel Strüder
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
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Sully RE, Moore CJ, Garelick H, Loizidou E, Podoleanu AG, Gubala V. Nanomedicines and microneedles: a guide to their analysis and application. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3326-3347. [PMID: 34313266 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00954k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fast-advancing progress in the research of nanomedicine and microneedle applications in the past two decades has suggested that the combination of the two concepts could help to overcome some of the challenges we are facing in healthcare. They include poor patient compliance with medication and the lack of appropriate administration forms that enable the optimal dose to reach the target site. Nanoparticles as drug vesicles can protect their cargo and deliver it to the target site, while evading the body's defence mechanisms. Unfortunately, despite intense research on nanomedicine in the past 20 years, we still haven't answered some crucial questions, e.g. about their colloidal stability in solution and their optimal formulation, which makes the translation of this exciting technology from the lab bench to a viable product difficult. Dissolvable microneedles could be an effective way to maintain and stabilise nano-sized formulations, whilst enhancing the ability of nanoparticles to penetrate the stratum corneum barrier. Both concepts have been individually investigated fairly well and many analytical techniques for tracking the fate of nanomaterials with their precious cargo, both in vitro and in vivo, have been established. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive overview of the analytical tools encompassing the concepts of microneedles and nanoparticles with specific and successful examples is missing. In this review, we have attempted to briefly analyse the challenges associated with nanomedicine itself, but crucially we provide an easy-to-navigate scheme of methods, suitable for characterisation and imaging the physico-chemical properties of the material matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Sully
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Greenwich and Kent, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham, ME4 4TB, UK.
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Cao J, Huang J, Gui S, Chu X. Preparation, Synergism, and Biocompatibility of in situ Liquid Crystals Loaded with Sinomenine and 5-Fluorouracil for Treatment of Liver Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3725-3739. [PMID: 34103913 PMCID: PMC8178703 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s207607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Transarterial chemoembolization is the preferred treatment for patients with middle and advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, most hepatic artery embolization agents have various disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate phytantriol-based liquid crystal injections for potential use in treatment of HCC. METHODS Using sinomenine (SN) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as model drugs, three precursor in situ liquid crystal injections based on phytantriol (P1, P2, and P3) were prepared, and their in vitro biocompatibility, anticancer activity, and drug release investigated, to evaluate their feasibility for use in treatment of HCC. The properties of the precursor injections and subsequent cubic liquid crystal gels were observed by visual and polarizing microscopy, in an in vitro gelation experiment. Biocompatibility was evaluated by in vitro hemolysis, histocompatibility, and cytotoxicity assays. RESULTS Precursor injections were colorless liquids that formed transparent cubic liquid crystal gels on addition of excess water. The three precursor injections all caused slight hemolysis, without agglutination, and were mildly cytotoxic. Histocompatibility experiments showed that P1 had good histocompatibility, while P2 and P3 resulted in strong inflammatory responses, which subsequently resolved spontaneously. In vitro anti-cancer testing showed that SN and 5-FU inhibited HepG2 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and had synergistic effects. Further, in vitro release assays indicated that all three preparations had sustained release effects, with cumulative release of >80% within 48 h. CONCLUSION These results indicate that SN and 5-FU have synergistic inhibitory effects on HepG2 cells, which has not previously been reported. Moreover, we describe a biocompatible precursor injection, useful as a drug carrier for the treatment of liver cancer, which can achieve targeting, sustained release, synergistic chemotherapy, and embolization. These data indicate that precursor injections containing SN and 5-FU have great potential for use in therapy for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
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Buhr CR, Wiesmann N, Tanner RC, Brieger J, Eckrich J. The Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay in Nanotoxicological Research-An Alternative for In Vivo Experimentation. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122328. [PMID: 33255445 PMCID: PMC7760845 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials unveil many applicational possibilities for technical and medical purposes, which range from imaging techniques to the use as drug carriers. Prior to any human application, analysis of undesired effects and characterization of their toxicological profile is mandatory. To address this topic, animal models, and rodent models in particular, are most frequently used. However, as the reproducibility and transferability to the human organism of animal experimental data is increasingly questioned and the awareness of animal welfare in society increases at the same time, methodological alternatives are urgently required. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay is an increasingly popular in ovo experimental organism suitable for replacement of rodent experimentation. In this review, we outline several application fields for the CAM assay in the field of nanotoxicology. Furthermore, analytical methods applicable with this model were evaluated in detail. We further discuss ethical, financial, and bureaucratic aspects and benchmark the assay with other established in vivo models such as rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph R. Buhr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany; (C.R.B.); (N.W.); (R.C.T.); (J.E.)
| | - Nadine Wiesmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany; (C.R.B.); (N.W.); (R.C.T.); (J.E.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, -Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
| | - Rachel C. Tanner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany; (C.R.B.); (N.W.); (R.C.T.); (J.E.)
| | - Jürgen Brieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany; (C.R.B.); (N.W.); (R.C.T.); (J.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-6131-17-3354
| | - Jonas Eckrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany; (C.R.B.); (N.W.); (R.C.T.); (J.E.)
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12
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Albumin-gated zwitterion-stabilized mesoporous silica nanorod as a pH-responsive drug delivery system. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111107. [PMID: 32408263 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles as drug delivery systems (DDS) have received huge attention in nanomedicine research. However, their drug release processes were usually discussed in the absence of proteins, which are abundant in real delivery media and likely to affect the release behaviors. In this work, novel pH-sensitive silica-based DDSs were constructed using the endogenous protein, human serum albumin (HSA), as the gatekeeper, and their release properties in protein-containing media were measured for the first time. As-synthesized mesoporous silica nanorod (MSNR) was modified with zwitterions to suppress the nonspecific adsorption of protein and to improve the dispersity. HSA was fixed onto MSNR through drug-protein interactions and covalent bonds, respectively. Benzoic-imine bonds were introduced into the designs to realize pH responsiveness. The fluorescence quenching effect of drugs on HSA was used to monitor the drug release in simulated body fluids containing proteins. The results indicated that protein gating could effectively reduce premature release in normal blood environment. The endogenous protein capping, high dispersity and stability, considerable loading content, low cytotoxicity and favorable responsiveness to acidic microenvironment enable the present structures to be promising carriers for chemotherapy drugs.
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13
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Silica dioxide nanoparticles aggravate airway inflammation in an asthmatic mouse model via NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 112:104618. [PMID: 32087352 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Silica dioxide nanoparticles (SiONPs) are mainly used in the rubber industry; however, they are a major air pollutant in Asia. Thus, extensive research on this issue is required. In this study, we investigated the effects of SiONPs on asthma aggravation and elucidated the underlying mechanism using ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice model and in NCI-H292 cells. Mice exposed to SiONPs showed markedly increased Penh values, inflammatory cell counts, and inflammatory cytokine levels compared to OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Exposure to SiONPs also induced additional airway inflammation and mucus secretion with increases in protein expression levels of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and interleukin (IL)-1β compared to those in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Treatment of SiONPs in NCI-H292 cells also significantly increased mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines accompanied with elevation in the levels of TXNIP, NLRP3 inflammasome, and IL-1β proteins in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, exposure to SiONPs aggravated asthma development, which is closely related to inflammasome activation. Our results provide useful information about the toxicological effects of SiONPs on asthma exacerbation and suggest the need to avoid SiONP exposure especially in individuals with respiratory diseases.
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14
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Gubala V, Giovannini G, Kunc F, Monopoli MP, Moore CJ. Dye-doped silica nanoparticles: synthesis, surface chemistry and bioapplications. Cancer Nanotechnol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-019-0056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fluorescent silica nanoparticles have been extensively utilised in a broad range of biological applications and are facilitated by their predictable, well-understood, flexible chemistry and apparent biocompatibility. The ability to couple various siloxane precursors with fluorescent dyes and to be subsequently incorporated into silica nanoparticles has made it possible to engineer these fluorophores-doped nanomaterials to specific optical requirements in biological experimentation. Consequently, this class of nanomaterial has been used in applications across immunodiagnostics, drug delivery and human-trial bioimaging in cancer research.
Main body
This review summarises the state-of-the-art of the use of dye-doped silica nanoparticles in bioapplications and firstly accounts for the common nanoparticle synthesis methods, surface modification approaches and different bioconjugation strategies employed to generate biomolecule-coated nanoparticles. The use of dye-doped silica nanoparticles in immunoassays/biosensing, bioimaging and drug delivery is then provided and possible future directions in the field are highlighted. Other non-cancer-related applications involving silica nanoparticles are also briefly discussed. Importantly, the impact of how the protein corona has changed our understanding of NP interactions with biological systems is described, as well as demonstrations of its capacity to be favourably manipulated.
Conclusions
Dye-doped silica nanoparticles have found success in the immunodiagnostics domain and have also shown promise as bioimaging agents in human clinical trials. Their use in cancer delivery has been restricted to murine models, as has been the case for the vast majority of nanomaterials intended for cancer therapy. This is hampered by the need for more human-like disease models and the lack of standardisation towards assessing nanoparticle toxicity. However, developments in the manipulation of the protein corona have improved the understanding of fundamental bio–nano interactions, and will undoubtedly assist in the translation of silica nanoparticles for disease treatment to the clinic.
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15
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Rabia S, Khaleeq N, Batool S, Dar MJ, Kim DW, Din FU, Khan GM. Rifampicin-loaded nanotransferosomal gel for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: passive targeting via topical route. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:183-203. [PMID: 31916472 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, the targeting of rifampicin (RIF)-loaded nanotransfersomes (NTs) incorporated in chitosan gel for leishmania-infected macrophages via the topical route was investigated. Materials & methods: NTs were prepared through a thin-film hydration process and incorporated into chitosan gel. Results: The mean particle size of the NTs was 190 nm, with 83% encapsulation efficiency. The permeation rate of the NTs was threefold higher than that of the RIF solution. The NTs improved cellular internalization via passive targeting, which was confirmed by macrophage uptake evaluation. A low IC50 value, flow cytometry analysis and in vivo study demonstrated the RIF-loaded NTs enhanced apoptosis and had better antileishmanial effects. Conclusion: RIF-loaded NT gel could be a fitting carrier for the delivery of antileishmanial drugs in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Rabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
| | - Nadra Khaleeq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
| | - Sibgha Batool
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
| | | | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Fakhar-Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
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16
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Sujan MI, Sarkar SD, Sultana S, Bushra L, Tareq R, Roy CK, Azam MS. Bi-functional silica nanoparticles for simultaneous enhancement of mechanical strength and swelling capacity of hydrogels. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6213-6222. [PMID: 35496010 PMCID: PMC9049678 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09528d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of strong load-bearing capacity and high swelling degree is desired in hydrogels for many applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biomedical engineering. However, a compromising relationship exists between these two most important characteristics of hydrogels. Improving both of these important properties simultaneously in a single hydrogel material is still beyond the satisfactory limit. Herein, we report a novel approach to address this problem by introducing a silica-based bi-functional 3D crosslinker. Our bi-functional silica nanoparticles (BF-Si NPs) possess amine groups that are able to offer pseudo-crosslinking effects induced by inter-cohesive bonding, and acrylate groups that can form conventional covalent crosslinking in the same hydrogel. We fabricated polyacrylic acid (PAc-Si) and polyacrylamide (PAm-Si) hydrogels using our BF-Si NPs via free radical polymerization to demonstrate this concept. Incorporation of the BF-Si crosslinkers into the hydrogels has resulted in a large enhancement in the mechanical properties compared to conventional hydrogel crosslinked with N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA). For instance, tensile strength and the toughness increased by more than 6 times and 10 times, respectively, upon replacing MBA with BF-Si in polyacrylamide hydrogel. Moreover, the hydrogels crosslinked with BF-Si exhibited a remarkably elevated level of swelling capacity in the aqueous medium. Our facile yet smart strategy of employing the 3D bi-functional crosslinker for combining high swelling degree and strong mechanical properties in the same hydrogels can be extended to the fabrication of many similar acrylate or vinyl polymer hydrogels. Bi-functional silica crosslinkers simultaneously enhance the mechanical strength and swelling capacity of the polyacrylic acid and polyacrylamide hydrogels.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Majharul Islam Sujan
- Department of Chemistry
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - Stephen Don Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - Salma Sultana
- Department of Chemistry
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - Labiba Bushra
- Department of Chemistry
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - Rizwan Tareq
- Department of Chemistry
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering
| | - Chanchal Kumar Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shafiul Azam
- Department of Chemistry
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
- Dhaka 1000
- Bangladesh
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17
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Munirathnappa AK, Maurya SK, Kumar K, Navada KK, Kulal A, Sundaram NG. Scheelite like NaTb(WO 4) 2 nanoparticles: Green fluorescence and in vitro cell imaging applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 106:110182. [PMID: 31753400 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study highlights the investigation of the green fluorescence in NaTb(WO4)2 materials (NaTbW Bulk and NaTbW Nano) synthesized via template free hydrothermal method as a function of particle size and morphology. Herein, we demonstrated the biocompatibility and intracellular green fluorescence of NaTbW Nano samples using HeLa cells for cell imaging applications. Powder X-ray diffraction studies showed that the as synthesized NaTbW Bulk and NaTbW Nano crystallize in the Scheelite like tetragonal crystal system with the I41/a space group. The reaction pH and solvent is observed to play a critical role in determining particle size, shape and morphology of these luminescent materials. Furthermore, size dependent optical properties were systematically studied by diffuse reflectance, steady state photoluminescence; time resolved fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield measurements. Both the materials have shown bright green fluorescence upon UV excitation as a function of particle size. Remarkable high quantum yield of NaTbW Bulk indicated its greater luminescence efficiency and the closer CIE coordinates to the commercial green illuminant suggested their potential use in solid state display systems. On the other hand the observed biocompatibility of NaTbW Nano particles towards mammalian cancer HeLa cells, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and the intracellular green fluorescence rightly proved its functionality as active bio-probes. Thus, our work summarize the potential use of these Scheelite like NaTb(WO4)2 material for solid state display and bio-imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana K Munirathnappa
- Materials Science Division, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Bidalur, Near Devanahalli, 562110 Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Maurya
- Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Kaushal Kumar
- Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Kavitha Keshava Navada
- Biological Sciences Division, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Bidalur, Near Devanahalli, 562110, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ananda Kulal
- Biological Sciences Division, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Bidalur, Near Devanahalli, 562110, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nalini G Sundaram
- Materials Science Division, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Bidalur, Near Devanahalli, 562110 Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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18
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Kunc F, Moore CJ, Sully RE, Hall AJ, Gubala V. Polycarboxylated Dextran as a Multivalent Linker: Synthesis and Target Recognition of the Antibody-Nanoparticle Bioconjugates in PBS and Serum. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:4909-4917. [PMID: 30817890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with antibodies on their surface are used in a wide range of research applications. However, the bioconjugation chemistry between the antibodies and the surface of nanoparticles can be very challenging, often accompanied by several undesired effects such as nanoparticle aggregation, antibody denaturation, or poor target recognition of the surface-bound antibodies. Here, we report on a synthesis of fluorescent silica nanoparticle-antibody (NP-Ab) conjugates, in which polycarboxylated dextran is used as the multivalent linker. First, we present a synthetic methodology to prepare polycarboxylated dextrans with molecular weights of 6, 40, and 70 kDa. Second, we used water-soluble, polycarboxylated dextrans as a multivalent spacers/linkers to immobilize antibodies onto fluorescent silica nanoparticles. The prepared NP-Ab conjugates were tested in a direct binding assay format in both phosphate-buffered saline buffer and whole serum to investigate the role of the spacer/linker in the capacity of the NP-Ab to specifically recognize their target in "clean" and also in complex media. We have compared the dextran conjugates with two standards: (a) NP-Ab with antibodies attached on the surface of nanoparticles through the classical physical adsorption method and (b) NP-Ab where an established poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer was used as the linker. Our results showed that the polycarboxylated 6 kDa dextran facilitates antibody immobilization efficiency of nearly 92%. This was directly translated into the improved molecular recognition of the NP-Ab, which was measured by a direct binding assay. The signal-to-noise ratio in buffered solution for the 6 kDa dextran NP-Ab conjugates was 81, nearly 3 times higher than that of PAMAM G4.5 conjugates and 9 times higher than the physically adsorbed NP-Ab sample. In whole serum, the effect of 6 kDa dextran was more hindered due to the formation of protein corona but the signal-to-noise ratio was at least double that of the physically adsorbed NP-Ab conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kunc
- National Research Council Canada , 100 Sussex Drive , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 0R6 , Canada
| | - Colin J Moore
- Italian Institute of Technology , 30 Via Morego , Genoa 16163 , Italy
| | - Rachel E Sully
- Medway School of Pharmacy , Universities of Greenwich and Kent , Anson Building, Central Avenue , Chatham ME4 4TB , U.K
| | - Andrew J Hall
- Medway School of Pharmacy , Universities of Greenwich and Kent , Anson Building, Central Avenue , Chatham ME4 4TB , U.K
| | - Vladimir Gubala
- Medway School of Pharmacy , Universities of Greenwich and Kent , Anson Building, Central Avenue , Chatham ME4 4TB , U.K
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19
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Thanasekaran P, Chu CH, Wang SB, Chen KY, Gao HD, Lee MM, Sun SS, Li JP, Chen JY, Chen JK, Chang YH, Lee HM. Lipid-Wrapped Upconversion Nanoconstruct/Photosensitizer Complex for Near-Infrared Light-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:84-95. [PMID: 30500151 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive medical technology that has been applied in cancer treatment where it is accessible by direct or endoscope-assisted light irradiation. To lower phototoxicity and increase tissue penetration depth of light, great effort has been focused on developing new sensitizers that can utilize red or near-infrared (NIR) light for the past decades. Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have a unique property to transduce NIR excitation light to UV-vis emission efficiently. This property allows some low-cost, low-toxicity, commercially available visible light sensitizers, which originally are not suitable for deep tissue PDT, to be activated by NIR light and have been reported extensively in the past few years. However, some issues still remain in the UCNP-assisted PDT platform such as colloidal stability, photosensitizer loading efficiency, and accessibility for targeting ligand installation, despite some advances in this direction. In this study, we designed a facile phospholipid-coated UCNP method to generate a highly colloidally stable nanoplatform that can effectively load a series of visible light sensitizers in the lipid layers. The loading stability and singlet oxygen generation efficiency of this sensitizer-loaded lipid-coated UCNP platform were investigated. We also have demonstrated the enhanced cellular uptake efficiency and tumor cell selectivity of this lipid-coated UCNP platform by changing the lipid dopant. On the basis of the evidence of our results, the lipid-complexed UCNP nanoparticles could serve as an effective photosensitizer carrier for NIR light-mediated PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chih-Hang Chu
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Bo Wang
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 10608 , Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 10608 , Taiwan
| | - Hua-De Gao
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Mandy M Lee
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ping Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine , National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli 350 , Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine , National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli 350 , Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine , National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli 350 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsu Chang
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering , National Taipei University of Technology , Taipei 10608 , Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ming Lee
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
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