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Kazi M, Alhajri A, Alshehri SM, Elzayat EM, Al Meanazel OT, Shakeel F, Noman O, Altamimi MA, Alanazi FK. Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Apigenin Using a Bioactive Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (Bio-SNEDDS): In Vitro, In Vivo and Stability Evaluations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080749. [PMID: 32785007 PMCID: PMC7465069 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (APG) is a very well-known flavonoid for its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The purpose of this study is to improve the solubility and bioavailability of APG using a stable bioactive self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (Bio-SNEDDS). APG was incorporated in an oil phase comprising coconut oil fatty acid, Imwitor 988, Transcutol P, and HCO30 to form a Bio-SNEDDS. This preparation was characterized for morphology, particle size, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The APG performance was investigated in terms of loading, precipitation, release and stability tests from the optimal Bio-SNEDDS. An antimicrobial test was performed to investigate the activity of the Bio-SNEDDS against the selected strains. Bioavailability of the Bio-SNEDDS was evaluated using Wister rats against the commercial oral product and the pure drug. The results demonstrated the formation of an efficient nanosized (57 nm) Bio-SNEDDS with a drug loading of 12.50 mg/gm which is around 500-fold higher than free APG. TEM analysis revealed the formation of spherical and homogeneous nanodroplets of less than 60 nm. The dissolution rate was faster than the commercial product and was able to maintain 90% APG in gastro intestinal solution for more than 4 h. A stability study demonstrated that the Bio-SNEDDS is stable at a harsh condition. The in vivo pharmacokinetics parameters of the Bio-SNEDDS formulation in comparison to the pure drug showed a significant increase in maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC (0–t)) of 105.05% and 91.32%, respectively. Moreover, the antimicrobial study revealed moderate inhibition in the bacterial growth rate. The APG-Bio-SNEDDS could serve as potential carrier aimed at improving the clinical application of APG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.M.A.); (F.S.); (M.A.A.); (F.K.A.)
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.E.); (O.T.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-11-4677-372; Fax: +966-11-4676-295
| | - Abdullah Alhajri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.M.A.); (F.S.); (M.A.A.); (F.K.A.)
| | - Sultan M. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.M.A.); (F.S.); (M.A.A.); (F.K.A.)
- College of Pharmacy, Almaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M. Elzayat
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.E.); (O.T.A.M.)
| | - Osaid T. Al Meanazel
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.E.); (O.T.A.M.)
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.M.A.); (F.S.); (M.A.A.); (F.K.A.)
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.E.); (O.T.A.M.)
| | - Omar Noman
- Medicinal Aromatic, and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.M.A.); (F.S.); (M.A.A.); (F.K.A.)
| | - Fars K. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.M.A.); (F.S.); (M.A.A.); (F.K.A.)
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.E.); (O.T.A.M.)
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Alterations of the fatty acid composition and lipid metabolome of breast muscle in chickens exposed to dietary mixed edible oils. Animal 2020; 14:1322-1332. [PMID: 31915098 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119003045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of chicken's meat is largely influenced by dietary lipids, which are often used as supplements to increase dietary caloric density. The underlying key metabolites and pathways influenced by dietary oils remain poorly known in chickens. The objective of this study was to explore the underlying metabolic mechanisms of how diets supplemented with mixed or a single oil with distinct fatty acid composition influence the fatty acid profile in breast muscle of Qingyuan chickens. Birds were fed a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with either soybean oil (control, CON) or equal amounts of mixed edible oils (MEO; soybean oil : lard : fish oil : coconut oil = 1 : 1 : 0.5 : 0.5) from 1 to 120 days of age. Growth performance and fatty acid composition of muscle lipids were analysed. LC-MS was applied to investigate the effects of CON v. MEO diets on lipid-related metabolites in the muscle of chickens at day 120. Compared with the CON diet, chickens fed the MEO diet had a lower feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05), higher proportions of lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), EPA (C20:5n-3) and DHA (C22:6n-3), and a lower linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) content in breast muscle (P < 0.05). Muscle metabolome profiling showed that the most differentially abundant metabolites are phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), which enriched the glycerophospholipid metabolism (P < 0.05). These key differentially abundant metabolites - PC (14:0/20:4), PC (18:1/14:1), PC (18:0/14:1), PC (18:0/18:4), PC (20:0/18:4), PE (22:0/P-16:0), PE (24:0/20:5), PE (22:2/P-18:1), PE (24:0/18:4) - were closely associated with the contents of C12:0, C14:0, DHA and C18:2n-6 in muscle lipids (P < 0.05). The content of glutathione metabolite was higher with MEO than CON diet (P < 0.05). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the diet supplemented with MEO reduced the feed conversion ratio, enriched the content of n-3 fatty acids and modified the related metabolites (including PC, PE and glutathione) in breast muscle of chickens.
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Khatun J, Loh TC, Akit H, Foo HL, Mohamad R. Fatty acid composition, fat deposition, lipogenic gene expression and performance of broiler fed diet supplemented with different sources of oil. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1406-1413. [PMID: 28220633 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the effect of feeding palm oil (PO), sunflower oil (SO) and their combination on performance, fat deposition, fatty acid composition and lipogenic gene expression of broilers reared for 42 days. A total of 144 1-day-old broilers (Cobb500) were randomly allotted into four treatment diets with each having six replicates of six chicks in each replicate following a completely randomized design. Live weight gain and feed efficiency was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in birds fed with a combination of oil sources compared to controls. Birds fed with the combination of oil and SO alone had higher carcass yield and lower abdominal fat. Higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and lower concentrations of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acid (SFA) was found in birds fed SO alone and combinations of SO and PO. Furthermore, the outcomes showed that birds fed diet supplemented with SO and the combination of SO and PO down-regulated gene expression of key hepatic lipogenic enzymes of fatty acids synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). These findings suggest that the diet containing the combination of 2% PO and 4% SO may reduce hepatic lipogenesis, as well as lower abdominal fat content of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatara Khatun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Henny Akit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Świątkiewicz M, Oczkowicz M, Ropka-Molik K, Hanczakowska E. The effect of dietary fatty acid composition on adipose tissue quality and expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in porcine livers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Benítez R, Núñez Y, Fernández A, Isabel B, Fernández AI, Rodríguez C, Barragán C, Martín-Palomino P, López-Bote C, Silió L, Óvilo C. Effects of dietary fat saturation on fatty acid composition and gene transcription in different tissues of Iberian pigs. Meat Sci 2014; 102:59-68. [PMID: 25549539 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of two diets, respectively enriched with SFA (S) and PUFA (P), on FA tissue composition and gene expression was studied in fattened Iberian pigs. The FA composition of adipose, muscular and liver tissues was affected by dietary treatment. S group showed higher MUFA and MUFA/SFA ratio and lower PUFA and n-6/n-3 ratio than P group in all analyzed tissues. In muscle and liver the extracted lipids were separated into neutral lipids and polar lipid fractions which showed significantly different responses to the dietary treatment, especially in liver where no significant effect of diet was observed in NL fraction. The expression of six candidate genes related to lipogenesis and FA oxidation was analyzed by qPCR. In liver, stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD), acetyl CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and malic enzyme 1 (ME1) genes showed higher expression in S group. SCD, ACACA, ME1, and fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene expression levels showed a wide variation across the tested tissues, with much higher expression levels observed in adipose tissue than other tissues. Tissue FA profile and gene expression results support the deposition of dietary FA, the lipogenic effect of dietary saturated fat in liver and the employment of saturated dietary fat for endogenous synthesis of MUFA in all the analyzed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Benítez
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra. Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Y Núñez
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra. Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Fernández
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra. Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - B Isabel
- Departamento Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A I Fernández
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra. Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Rodríguez
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra. Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Barragán
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra. Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - P Martín-Palomino
- Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Campus de Villanueva de la Cañada, Avda. de la Universidad 1, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain.
| | - C López-Bote
- Departamento Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Silió
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra. Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Óvilo
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra. Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Ajuwon KM. Chronic immune stimulation in adipose tissue and its consequences for health and performance in the pig. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 159:166-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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