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Song B, Sommer W, Maurer U. Expectation Modulates Repetition Suppression at Late But Not Early Stages during Visual Word Recognition: Evidence from Event-related Potentials. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:872-887. [PMID: 38261395 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Visual word recognition is commonly rapid and efficient, incorporating top-down predictive processing mechanisms. Neuroimaging studies with face stimuli suggest that repetition suppression (RS) reflects predictive processing at the neural level, as this effect is larger when repetitions are more frequent, that is, more expected. It remains unclear, however, at the temporal level whether and how RS and its modulation by expectation occur in visual word recognition. To address this gap, the present study aimed to investigate the presence and time course of these effects during visual word recognition using EEG. Thirty-six native Cantonese speakers were presented with pairs of Chinese written words and performed a nonlinguistic oddball task. The second word of a pair was either a repetition of the first or a different word (alternation). In repetition blocks, 75% of trials were repetitions and 25% were alternations, whereas the reverse was true in alternation blocks. Topographic analysis of variance of EEG at each time point showed robust RS effects in three time windows (141-227 msec, 242-445 msec, and 467-513 msec) reflecting facilitation of visual word recognition. Importantly, the modulation of RS by expectation was observed at the late rather than early intervals (334-387 msec, 465-550 msec, and 559-632 msec) and more than 100 msec after the first RS effects. In the predictive coding view of RS, only late repetition effects are modulated by expectation, whereas early RS effects may be mediated by lower-level predictions. Taken together, our findings provide the first EEG evidence revealing distinct temporal dynamics of RS effects and repetition probability on RS effects in visual processing of Chinese words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Song
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Werner Sommer
- Institut für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Urs Maurer
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Developmental Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Impairment of semantic composition in schizophrenia: An ERP study with lexical stimuli. Neuropsychologia 2022; 171:108241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li F, Xu X. Electrophysiological evidence for the coexistence of expectancy fulfillment and semantic integration during the processing of binding and compound nouns. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 166:25-37. [PMID: 33984365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study employed electrophysiological measures to investigate the processes of expectancy fulfillment and semantic integration during the processing of binding and compound nouns in Chinese. Sequential expectancy and cloze probability between the two constituents of a two-character noun were manipulated in two experiments, resulting in four types of target characters (i.e., the final characters of two-character nouns): (i) high-cloze, binding character (HB); (ii) high-cloze, compound character (HC); (iii) low-cloze, binding character (LB); (iv) low-cloze, compound character (LC). Participants were asked to judge as quickly and accurately as possible whether the two characters, presented sequentially, formed a real word. The two experiments varied in stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between the initial and the target characters: 1000 ms and 300 ms. ERPs acquired at the target characters revealed a significant semantic integration effect in both experiments whereby low-cloze target characters elicited more negative-going activities than high-cloze target characters (L > H) with both long and short SOAs. Importantly, there was a graded N400 effect (LC = LB > HC > HB) at the central region: a clearly visible positive deflection for HB relative to HC in synchrony with an equivalence in negativity for LB and LC. This graded pattern was observed with an SOA of 1000 ms but not 300 ms. These results are discussed in terms of the possible coexistence of an expectancy fulfillment mechanism indexed by the P300 that monitors incoming information for realization of expectancies based on stored mental representations and a semantic integration mechanism indexed by the N400 that incorporates incoming information into the preceding context based on semantic-pragmatic knowledge. Manifestation of this coexistence appears sensitive to SOA-modulated attention orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
| | - Xu Xu
- School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
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Houshmand Chatroudi A, Rostami R, Nasrabadi AM, Yotsumoto Y. Effect of inhibition indexed by auditory P300 on transmission of visual sensory information. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247416. [PMID: 33617549 PMCID: PMC7899349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early electroencephalographic studies that focused on finding brain correlates of psychic events led to the discovery of the P300. Since then, the P300 has become the focus of many basic and clinical neuroscience studies. However, despite its wide applications, the underlying function of the P300 is not yet clearly understood. One line of research among the many studies that have attempted to elucidate the underlying subroutine of the P300 in the brain has suggested that the physiological function of the P300 is related to inhibition. While some intracranial, behavioral, and event-related potential studies have provided support for this theory, little is known about the inhibitory mechanism. In this study, using alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) and effective connectivity, based on the causal (one-way directed) relationship between alpha ERD and P300 sources, we demonstrated that P300's associated inhibition is implemented at a higher information processing stage in a localized brain region. We discuss how inhibition as the primary function of the P300 is not inconsistent with 'resource allocation' and 'working memory updating' theories about its cognitive function. In light of our findings regarding the scope and information processing stage of inhibition of the P300, we reconcile the inhibitory account of the P300 with working memory updating theory. Finally, based on the compensatory behavior of alpha ERD at the time of suppression of the P300, we propose two distinct yet complementary working memory mechanisms (inhibition and desynchronizing excitation) that render target perception possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmahmoud Houshmand Chatroudi
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rostami
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Ali Motie Nasrabadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yuko Yotsumoto
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Ioakeimidis V, Khachatoorian N, Haenschel C, Papathomas TA, Farkas A, Kyriakopoulos M, Dima D. State anxiety influences P300 and P600 event-related potentials over parietal regions in the hollow-mask illusion experiment. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 4:e2. [PMID: 33954275 PMCID: PMC8057463 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2020.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The hollow-mask illusion is an optical illusion where a concave face is perceived as convex. It has been demonstrated that individuals with schizophrenia and anxiety are less susceptible to the illusion than controls. Previous research has shown that the P300 and P600 event-related potentials (ERPs) are affected in individuals with schizophrenia. Here, we examined whether individual differences in neuroticism and anxiety scores, traits that have been suggested to be risk factors for schizophrenia and anxiety disorders, affect ERPs of healthy participants while they view concave faces. Our results confirm that the participants were susceptible to the illusion, misperceiving concave faces as convex. We additionally demonstrate significant interactions of the concave condition with state anxiety in central and parietal electrodes for P300 and parietal areas for P600, but not with neuroticism and trait anxiety. The state anxiety interactions were driven by low-state anxiety participants showing lower amplitudes for concave faces compared to convex. The P300 and P600 amplitudes were smaller when a concave face activated a convex face memory representation, since the stimulus did not match the active representation. The opposite pattern was evident in high-state anxiety participants in regard to state anxiety interaction and the hollow-mask illusion, demonstrating larger P300 and P600 amplitudes to concave faces suggesting impaired late information processing in this group. This could be explained by impaired allocation of attentional resources in high-state anxiety leading to hyperarousal to concave faces that are unexpected mismatches to standard memory representations, as opposed to expected convex faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Ioakeimidis
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Nareg Khachatoorian
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Corinna Haenschel
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas A. Papathomas
- Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Attila Farkas
- Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Marinos Kyriakopoulos
- National and Specialist Acorn Lodge Inpatient Children Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Hickey P, Barnett-Young A, Patel AD, Race E. Environmental rhythms orchestrate neural activity at multiple stages of processing during memory encoding: Evidence from event-related potentials. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234668. [PMID: 33206657 PMCID: PMC7673489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that rhythmic temporal structures in the environment influence memory formation. For example, stimuli that appear in synchrony with the beat of background, environmental rhythms are better remembered than stimuli that appear out-of-synchrony with the beat. This rhythmic modulation of memory has been linked to entrained neural oscillations which are proposed to act as a mechanism of selective attention that prioritize processing of events that coincide with the beat. However, it is currently unclear whether rhythm influences memory formation by influencing early (sensory) or late (post-perceptual) processing of stimuli. The current study used stimulus-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the locus of stimulus processing at which rhythm temporal cues operate in the service of memory formation. Participants viewed a series of visual objects that either appeared in-synchrony or out-of-synchrony with the beat of background music and made a semantic classification (living/non-living) for each object. Participants’ memory for the objects was then tested (in silence). The timing of stimulus presentation during encoding (in-synchrony or out-of-synchrony with the background beat) influenced later ERPs associated with post-perceptual selection and orienting attention in time rather than earlier ERPs associated with sensory processing. The magnitude of post-perceptual ERPs also differed according to whether or not participants demonstrated a mnemonic benefit for in-synchrony compared to out-of-synchrony stimuli, and was related to the magnitude of the rhythmic modulation of memory performance across participants. These results support two prominent theories in the field, the Dynamic Attending Theory and the Oscillation Selection Hypothesis, which propose that neural responses to rhythm act as a core mechanism of selective attention that optimize processing at specific moments in time. Furthermore, they reveal that in addition to acting as a mechanism of early attentional selection, rhythm influences later, post-perceptual cognitive processes as events are transformed into memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Hickey
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Annie Barnett-Young
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aniruddh D. Patel
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Brain, Mind, and Consciousness, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Race
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Zimmerer F, Scharinger M, Cornell S, Reetz H, Eulitz C. Neural mechanisms for coping with acoustically reduced speech. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 191:46-57. [PMID: 30822731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In spoken language, reductions of word forms occur regularly and need to be accommodated by the listener. Intriguingly, this accommodation is usually achieved without any apparent effort. The neural bases of this cognitive skill are not yet fully understood. We here presented participants with reduced words that were either preceded by a related or an unrelated visual prime and compared electric brain responses to reduced words with those to their full counterparts. In time-domain, we found a positivity between 400 and 600 ms differing between reduced and full forms. A later positivity distinguished primed and unprimed words and was modulated by reduction. In frequency-domain, alpha suppression was stronger for reduced than for full words. The time- and frequency-domain reduction effects converge towards the view that reduced words draw on attention and memory mechanisms. Our data demonstrate the importance of interactive processing of bottom-up and top-down information for the comprehension of reduced words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Zimmerer
- Department of Language Science and Technology, Universität des Saarlandes, Germany; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Scharinger
- Phonetics Research Group, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany; Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany.
| | - Sonia Cornell
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität, Munich, Germany; Department of Linguistics, Universität Konstanz, Germany
| | - Henning Reetz
- Institute for Phonetics, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carsten Eulitz
- Department of Linguistics, Universität Konstanz, Germany
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8
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Garreffa G. Physics of mind: A new perspective to understand better the external world by looking inside our brain: Comment on "Physics of mind: Experimental confirmations of theoretical predictions" by Felix Schoeller et al. Phys Life Rev 2018; 25:78-80. [PMID: 29454803 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Garreffa
- Fondazione Potito, Via Conte Verde 5/7, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Via Michele Miraglia 20, 90139 Palermo, Italy.
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