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Wang Q, Lei Y, Lin H, Chen X, Mo W, Guan B, Deng H. Gonadal Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Novel Sex-Related Genes in Bactrocera dorsalis. INSECTS 2024; 15:424. [PMID: 38921139 PMCID: PMC11203884 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most devastating agricultural pests worldwide due to its high reproductive and invasive abilities. The elucidation of its gonadal developmental characteristics and the identification of sex-related genes will provide a useful genetic basis for reproductive-based pest control. Here, the gonadal transcriptome of B. dorsalis was sequenced, and novel gonad-specific expressed genes were analyzed. A total of 1338, 336, 35, and 479 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the testis (TE), ovary (OV), female accessory gland (FAG), and male accessory gland (MAG), respectively. Furthermore, 463 highly expressed gonad-specific genes were identified, with the TE having the highest number of specific highly expressed genes, at 402, followed by 51 in the OV, 9 in the MAG, and only 1 in the FAG. Strikingly, approximately half of highly expressed gonad-specific genes were uncharacterized. Then, it was found that 35, 17, 3, 2, and 1 of 202 uncharacterized highly expressed TE-specific genes encoded proteins that contained transmembrane domains, signal peptides, high-mobility group boxes, the zinc finger domain, and the BTB/POZ domain, respectively. Interestingly, approximately 40% of uncharacterized highly expressed gonad-specific genes encoding proteins were not predicted to possess functional motifs or domains. Finally, the spatiotemporal expression and sequence characterization of six novel highly expressed gonad-specific genes were analyzed. Altogether, our findings provide a valuable dataset for future functional analyses of sex-related genes and potential target sites for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (W.M.); (B.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yuxuan Lei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (W.M.); (B.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hongjie Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (W.M.); (B.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (W.M.); (B.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wanyu Mo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (W.M.); (B.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Boyang Guan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (W.M.); (B.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Huimin Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (W.M.); (B.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Zhao H, Jiang X, Ma M, Xing L, Ji X, Pan Y. A neural pathway for social modulation of spontaneous locomotor activity (SoMo-SLA) in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314393121. [PMID: 38394240 PMCID: PMC10907233 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314393121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Social enrichment or social isolation affects a range of innate behaviors, such as sex, aggression, and sleep, but whether there is a shared mechanism is not clear. Here, we report a neural mechanism underlying social modulation of spontaneous locomotor activity (SoMo-SLA), an internal-driven behavior indicative of internal states. We find that social enrichment specifically reduces spontaneous locomotor activity in male flies. We identify neuropeptides Diuretic hormone 44 (DH44) and Tachykinin (TK) to be up- and down-regulated by social enrichment and necessary for SoMo-SLA. We further demonstrate a sexually dimorphic neural circuit, in which the male-specific P1 neurons encoding internal states form positive feedback with interneurons coexpressing doublesex (dsx) and Tk to promote locomotion, while P1 neurons also form negative feedback with interneurons coexpressing dsx and DH44 to inhibit locomotion. These two opposing neuromodulatory recurrent circuits represent a potentially common mechanism that underlies the social regulation of multiple innate behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Mingze Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Limin Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Yufeng Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong226019, China
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Deanhardt B, Duan Q, Du C, Soeder C, Morlote A, Garg D, Saha A, Jones CD, Volkan PC. Social experience and pheromone receptor activity reprogram gene expression in sensory neurons. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad072. [PMID: 36972331 PMCID: PMC10234412 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Social experience and pheromone signaling in olfactory neurons affect neuronal responses and male courtship behaviors in Drosophila. We previously showed that social experience and pheromone signaling modulate chromatin around behavioral switch gene fruitless, which encodes a transcription factor necessary and sufficient for male sexual behaviors. Fruitless drives social experience-dependent modulation of courtship behaviors and physiological sensory neuron responses to pheromone; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this modulation of neural responses remain less clear. To identify the molecular mechanisms driving social experience-dependent changes in neuronal responses, we performed RNA-seq from antennal samples of mutants in pheromone receptors and fruitless, as well as grouped or isolated wild-type males. Genes affecting neuronal physiology and function, such as neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, ion and membrane transporters, and odorant binding proteins are differentially regulated by social context and pheromone signaling. While we found that loss of pheromone detection only has small effects on differential promoter and exon usage within fruitless gene, many of the differentially regulated genes have Fruitless-binding sites or are bound by Fruitless in the nervous system. Recent studies showed that social experience and juvenile hormone signaling co-regulate fruitless chromatin to modify pheromone responses in olfactory neurons. Interestingly, genes involved in juvenile hormone metabolism are also misregulated in different social contexts and mutant backgrounds. Our results suggest that modulation of neuronal activity and behaviors in response to social experience and pheromone signaling likely arise due to large-scale changes in transcriptional programs for neuronal function downstream of behavioral switch gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryson Deanhardt
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Qichen Duan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chengcheng Du
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Charles Soeder
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alec Morlote
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Deeya Garg
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Aishani Saha
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Corbin D Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pelin Cayirlioglu Volkan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Kientega M, Kranjc N, Traoré N, Kaboré H, Soma DD, Morianou I, Namountougou M, Belem AMG, Diabaté A. Analysis of the Genetic Variation of the Fruitless Gene within the Anopheles gambiae ( Diptera: Culicidae) Complex Populations in Africa. INSECTS 2022; 13:1048. [PMID: 36421951 PMCID: PMC9699577 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Targeting genes involved in sexual determinism, for vector or pest control purposes, requires a better understanding of their polymorphism in natural populations in order to ensure a rapid spread of the construct. By using genomic data from An. gambiae s.l., we analyzed the genetic variation and the conservation score of the fru gene in 18 natural populations across Africa. A total of 34,339 SNPs were identified, including 3.11% non-synonymous segregating sites. Overall, the nucleotide diversity was low, and the Tajima’s D neutrality test was negative, indicating an excess of low frequency SNPs in the fru gene. The allelic frequencies of the non-synonymous SNPs were low (freq < 0.26), except for two SNPs identified at high frequencies (freq > 0.8) in the zinc-finger A and B protein domains. The conservation score was variable throughout the fru gene, with maximum values in the exonic regions compared to the intronic regions. These results showed a low genetic variation overall in the exonic regions, especially the male sex-specific exon and the BTB-exon 1 of the fru gene. These findings will facilitate the development of an effective gene drive construct targeting the fru gene that can rapidly spread without encountering resistance in wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamadi Kientega
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 545, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale Tropicale, Institut du Développement Rural, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Nace Kranjc
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nouhoun Traoré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 545, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale Tropicale, Institut du Développement Rural, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Honorine Kaboré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 545, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale Tropicale, Institut du Développement Rural, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Dieudonné Diloma Soma
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 545, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale Tropicale, Institut du Développement Rural, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Ioanna Morianou
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Moussa Namountougou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 545, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale Tropicale, Institut du Développement Rural, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Adrien Marie Gaston Belem
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale Tropicale, Institut du Développement Rural, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Diabaté
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 545, Burkina Faso
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5
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Schultz DL, Selberherr E, Stouthamer CM, Doremus MR, Kelly SE, Hunter MS, Schmitz-Esser S. Sex-based de novo transcriptome assemblies of the parasitoid wasp Encarsia suzannae, a host of the manipulative heritable symbiont Cardinium hertigii. GIGABYTE 2022; 2022:gigabyte68. [PMID: 36824530 PMCID: PMC9693781 DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitoid wasps in the genus Encarsia are commonly used as biological pest control agents of whiteflies and armored scale insects in greenhouses or the field. They are also hosts of the bacterial endosymbiont Cardinium hertigii, which can cause reproductive manipulation phenotypes, including parthenogenesis, feminization, and cytoplasmic incompatibility (the last is mainly studied in Encarsia suzannae). Despite their biological and economic importance, there are no published Encarsia genomes and only one public transcriptome. Here, we applied a mapping-and-removal approach to eliminate known contaminants from previously-obtained Illumina sequencing data. We generated de novo transcriptome assemblies for both female and male E. suzannae which contain 45,986 and 54,762 final coding sequences, respectively. Benchmarking Single-Copy Orthologs results indicate both assemblies are highly complete. Preliminary analyses revealed the presence of homologs of sex-determination genes characterized in other insects and putative venom proteins. Our male and female transcriptomes will be valuable tools to better understand the biology of Encarsia and their evolutionary relatives, particularly in studies involving insects of only one sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan L. Schultz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Evelyne Selberherr
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Matthew R. Doremus
- Department of Entomology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Kelly
- Department of Entomology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Martha S. Hunter
- Department of Entomology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Stephan Schmitz-Esser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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6
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Peng Q, Chen J, Pan Y. From fruitless to sex: On the generation and diversification of an innate behavior. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12772. [PMID: 34672079 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Male sexual behavior in Drosophila melanogaster, largely controlled by the fruitless (fru) gene encoding the male specific FruM protein, is among the best studied animal behaviors. Although substantial studies suggest that FruM specifies a neuronal circuitry governing all aspects of male sexual behaviors, recent findings show that FruM is not absolutely necessary for such behaviors. We propose that another regulatory gene doublesex encoding the male-specific DsxM protein builds a core neuronal circuitry that possesses the potential for courtship, which could be either induced through adult social experience or innately manifested during development by FruM expression in a broader neuronal circuitry. FruM expression levels and patterns determine the modes of courtship behavior from innate heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, to learned courtship. We discuss how FruM expression is regulated by hormones and social experiences and tunes functional flexibility of the sex circuitry. We propose that regulatory genes hierarchically build the potential for innate and learned aspects of courtship behaviors, and expression changes of these regulatory genes among different individuals and species with different social experiences ultimately lead to behavioral diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qionglin Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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7
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Begum M, Paul P, Das D, Chakraborty K, Bhattacharjee A, Ghosh S. Genes regulating development and behavior exhibited altered expression in Drosophila melanogaster exposed to bisphenol A: use of real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in genotoxicity study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:7090-7104. [PMID: 33025430 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of bisphenol A on morphological and life-history traits of model insect Drosophila melanogaster was reported in our previous work. In the present study, we have analyzed the adversity of bisphenol A on the reproductive behavior of adult and on the expression of selected genes in the larva and adult stage of fruit fly exposed to bisphenol A (0.007 g/2 ml. or 3.5 mg/ml), in addition to determination of LC50 value of bisphenol A in larva and pupal stage. We employed both the quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and droplet digital PCR for analyzing the expression profile of seven genes namely, decapentaplegic, vestigial, wingless, foraging, insulin-like receptor, doublesex, and fruitless. We found bisphenol A has more adverse effects on male sexual behavior than females. Moreover, we observed significant downregulation of all the selected genes in treated larvae except, fruitless in male where it showed significant upregulation. On contrary among the treated adult flies, significant downregulation of all target genes in both sexes is evident, except, doublesex and fruitless in males which showed significant upregulation. We did not observe any deviation of male: female sex ratio from 1:1 under bisphenol A exposure. All these results suggest bisphenol A adversely affects the optimum functioning of genes which are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, behavioral pattern, stress response, endocrine homeostasis, neural functioning, and the development of the specific organ in Drosophila melanogaster. Our result not only provides a foundation to study further the bisphenol A toxicity on different pivotal genes in Drosophila but also suggests the use of the droplet digital PCR technology in toxicity measurement at the molecular level in eukaryotic model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morium Begum
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics & Genomics Research Unit, University of Calcutta, Taraknath-Palit-Siksha-Prangan (Ballygunge Science College Campus), 35, Ballygunge Circular Road.Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Pallab Paul
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics & Genomics Research Unit, University of Calcutta, Taraknath-Palit-Siksha-Prangan (Ballygunge Science College Campus), 35, Ballygunge Circular Road.Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Debasmita Das
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics & Genomics Research Unit, University of Calcutta, Taraknath-Palit-Siksha-Prangan (Ballygunge Science College Campus), 35, Ballygunge Circular Road.Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Kaustav Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity-University Kolkata, Plot no 36, 37, and 38, Major Arterial Road (South-East), Action Area II, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Ashima Bhattacharjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity-University Kolkata, Plot no 36, 37, and 38, Major Arterial Road (South-East), Action Area II, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Sujay Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics & Genomics Research Unit, University of Calcutta, Taraknath-Palit-Siksha-Prangan (Ballygunge Science College Campus), 35, Ballygunge Circular Road.Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
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8
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Northcutt AJ, Schulz DJ. Molecular mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity in central pattern generator networks. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 80:58-69. [PMID: 31778295 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Central pattern generator (CPG) networks rely on a balance of intrinsic and network properties to produce reliable, repeatable activity patterns. This balance is maintained by homeostatic plasticity where alterations in neuronal properties dynamically maintain appropriate neural output in the face of changing environmental conditions and perturbations. However, it remains unclear just how these neurons and networks can both monitor their ongoing activity and use this information to elicit homeostatic physiological responses to ensure robustness of output over time. Evidence exists that CPG networks use a mixed strategy of activity-dependent, activity-independent, modulator-dependent, and synaptically regulated homeostatic plasticity to achieve this critical stability. In this review, we focus on some of the current understanding of the molecular pathways and mechanisms responsible for this homeostatic plasticity in the context of central pattern generator function, with a special emphasis on some of the smaller invertebrate networks that have allowed for extensive cellular-level analyses that have brought recent insights to these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Northcutt
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - David J Schulz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
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9
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Sethi S, Lin HH, Shepherd AK, Volkan PC, Su CY, Wang JW. Social Context Enhances Hormonal Modulation of Pheromone Detection in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3887-3898.e4. [PMID: 31679932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Critical to evolutionary fitness, animals regulate social behaviors by integrating signals from both their external environments and internal states. Here, we find that population density modulates the courtship behavior of male Drosophila melanogaster in an age-dependent manner. In a competitive mating assay, males reared in a social environment have a marked advantage in courting females when pitted against males reared in isolation. Group housing promotes courtship in mature (7-day) but not immature (2-day) males; this behavioral plasticity requires the Or47b pheromone receptor. Using single-sensillum recordings, we find that group housing increases the response of Or47b olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) only in mature males. The effect of group housing on olfactory response and behavior can be mimicked by chronically exposing single-housed males to an Or47b ligand. At the molecular level, group housing elevates Ca2+ levels in Or47b ORNs, likely leading to CaMKI-mediated activation of the histone-acetyl transferase CBP. This signaling event in turn enhances the efficacy of juvenile hormone, an age-related regulator of reproductive maturation in flies. Furthermore, the male-specific Fruitless isoform (FruM) is required for the sensory plasticity, suggesting that FruM functions as a downstream genomic coincidence detector in Or47b ORNs-integrating reproductive maturity, signaled by juvenile hormone, and population density, signaled by CBP. In all, we identify a neural substrate and activity-dependent mechanism by which social context can directly influence pheromone sensitivity, thereby modulating social behavior according to animals' life-history stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sethi
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hui-Hao Lin
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew K Shepherd
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pelin C Volkan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chih-Ying Su
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jing W Wang
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Brenman-Suttner DB, Yost RT, Frame AK, Robinson JW, Moehring AJ, Simon AF. Social behavior and aging: A fly model. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 19:e12598. [PMID: 31286644 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The field of behavioral genetics has recently begun to explore the effect of age on social behaviors. Such studies are particularly important, as certain neuropsychiatric disorders with abnormal social interactions, like autism and schizophrenia, have been linked to older parents. Appropriate social interaction can also have a positive impact on longevity, and is associated with successful aging in humans. Currently, there are few genetic models for understanding the effect of aging on social behavior and its potential transgenerational inheritance. The fly is emerging as a powerful model for identifying the basic molecular mechanisms underlying neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss these recent advancements, with a focus on how studies in Drosophila melanogaster have provided insight into the effect of aging on aspects of social behavior, including across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dova B Brenman-Suttner
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryley T Yost
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel K Frame
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Wesley Robinson
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda J Moehring
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne F Simon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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