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Meklati FR, Panara A, Hadef A, Meribai A, Ben-Mahdi MH, Dasenaki ME, Thomaidis NS. Comparative Assessment of Antibiotic Residues Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and a Rapid Screening Test in Raw Milk Collected from the North-Central Algerian Dairies. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10010019. [PMID: 35051061 PMCID: PMC8781432 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues in milk are a major health threat for the consumer and a hazard to the dairy industry, causing significant economic losses. This study aims to assess the presence of antibiotic residues in raw milk comparatively by a rapid screening test (BetaStar® Combo) and Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 445 samples were collected from 3 dairy companies of north-central Algeria (Algiers, Blida, Boumerdes), and they were rapidly screened for β-lactams and tetracyclines; 52 samples, comprising 34 positive tanker-truck milk and 18 negative bulk-tank milk were tested by LC-MS/MS, which revealed 90.4% were contaminated (n = 47) and 55.3% exceeded the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). The β-lactams as parent compounds and their metabolites were the most frequently detected with maximum value for cloxacillin (1231 µg/kg) and penicillin G (2062 µg/kg). Under field condition, the false-positive results, particularly for tetracyclines, seems to be related to milk samples displaying extreme acidity values (≥19°D) or fat-level fluctuations (2.7 g/100 mL and 5.6–6.2 g/100 mL). Despite a relatively low prevalence (7.64%) of residues using the rapid test, the detection by LC-MS/MS of flumequine (52 µg/kg), cefaclor (maximum 220 µg/kg) and metabolites of β-lactams at high levels should lead to reflections on the control of their human and environmental toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Rostane Meklati
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques CRAPC, BP 384 Bou-Ismail, Tipaza 42004, Algeria;
- Laboratoire de Recherche «Santé et Productions Animales», Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire ENSV, Rabie Bouchama, Oued-Smar, Algiers 16000, Algeria;
| | - Anthi Panara
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ahmed Hadef
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University of El Taref, PB 73, El-Taref 36000, Algeria;
- Laboratory of Development and Control of Hospital Pharmaceutical Preparations, Faculty of Medicine, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - Amel Meribai
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Technologie Alimentaire et Nutrition Humaine, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Algiers 16004, Algeria;
| | - Meriem H. Ben-Mahdi
- Laboratoire de Recherche «Santé et Productions Animales», Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire ENSV, Rabie Bouchama, Oued-Smar, Algiers 16000, Algeria;
| | - Marilena E. Dasenaki
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.E.D.); (N.S.T.)
| | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (M.E.D.); (N.S.T.)
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Liu X, Zhou Z, Wang T, Xu Y, Lu K, Yan Y. Molecularly imprinted polymers-captivity ZnO nanorods for sensitive and selective detecting environmental pollutant. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117785. [PMID: 31767418 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To develop the semiconductor of ZnO nanomaterials as the fluorescence sensor without leakage toxicity. Here, a molecularly imprinted polymer captivity ZnO nanorods (NRs) (MIPs-captivity ZnO NRs) was fabricated by precipitation polymerization. Such traditional technology was not only achieved the specific recognition for direct fluorescent quantification of the target tetracycline (TC) through fluorescence quenching, but also formed the shield to reduce the toxic effects of ZnO towards organisms. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the MIPs-captivity ZnO NRs were effectively applied to the direct fluorescence quantification of TC with excellent stability. Moreover, the practical analytical performance of the MIPs-captivity ZnO NRs was assayed by appraising the detection effects of TC in water sample from the Yangtze River with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqing Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhiping Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yeqing Xu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yongsheng Yan
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Sachi S, Ferdous J, Sikder MH, Azizul Karim Hussani SM. Antibiotic residues in milk: Past, present, and future. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:315-332. [PMID: 31583228 PMCID: PMC6760505 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Now-a-days, various types of antibiotics are being used worldwide in veterinary sector indiscriminately for promotion of growth and treatment of the livestock. Significant portions of antibiotics are released through milk of dairy animals unaltered and exert serious harmful effects on human health. This review evaluates and compare researches on antibiotic residues in milk in published literatures from Pubmed, CrossRef, CAB direct, DOAJ, JournalTOCs, AGRICOLA, ScientificGate, Electronic Journals Library, CAB abstracts, Global Health Databases, Global Impact Factor, Google Scholar, Park Directory of Open Access Journals, BanglaJOL and ISC E-Journals. Antibiotics residue in milk was first detected in 60s and then with an increasing trend with highest after 2,000 (188). The highest no. of works, 49 (21.87%) were accomplished in China, followed by Spain, 30 (13.39%); Germany, 11 (4.91%); and USA, 10 (4.46%). Continent-wise highest researches are published from Europe, 105 (46.88%), followed by Asia, 77 (34.38%); South America, 18 (8.04%); North America, 16 (7.14%); and Africa, 8 (3.57%). For detection, Bovine milk sample is mostly used, 193 (86.16%), followed by ovine, 19 (8.48%); and caprine, 14 (6.25%). Acetonitrile was used in maximum cases (77) for processing the samples. Chromatographic technique was the highest, 115 (51.34%) for detection. Residue of β-lactam group have been detected mostly 133 (36.54%), followed by tetracyclines, 51 (14.01%); fluoroquinolones, 49 (13.46%); sulfonamides, 46 (12.64%); and aminoglycosides, 38 (10.44%). This review observe that antibiotics residues are more common in milk samples that are being manifested in increasing researches on antibiotic detection and measures should adopt to cease this residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbya Sachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Ahn Y, Jung JY, Veach BT, Khare S, Gokulan K, Piñeiro SA, Cerniglia CE. In vitro test systems to determine tetracycline residue binding to human feces. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 99:105-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Detection of tetracycline and other antimicrobial residues in milk from cows with clinical mastitis treated by combination therapy. J DAIRY RES 2018; 85:321-326. [PMID: 29969084 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029918000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine tetracycline and other antimicrobial residues in milk from dairy cows treated for clinical mastitis. Data on cow health and drugs used were obtained from the farm veterinarians. A milk sample from each affected udder quarter of each cow was taken for bacterial identification before treatment. All 35 cows in the study were treated with an intramammary product containing tetracycline, neomycin, bacitracin, and prednisolone (tetracycline injector) and also simultaneously with other drugs via the intramammary or parenteral route. The withhold period of the 'tetracycline product' was eight milkings but, in all cases, longer withhold periods were prescribed due to off-label application of additional combinations of drugs. Milk samples from treated udder quarters, taken two milkings before and two after the prescribed withhold period, were analysed for antimicrobial residues. Additionally, milk samples were taken from untreated healthy udder quarters to check if any crossover of drugs had occurred. Three screening tests were used for antimicrobial detection. In 15 (42·9%) cows the milk samples from the treated infected quarters contained tetracycline residues above the maximum residue limit (MRL) after the prescribed withhold period and, in two cases (5·7%) the same was true for neomycin and cefquinome residues. Cephalexin above the MRL was detected in only one case (2·9%). Beta-lactams did not exceed the MRL after the prescribed withhold period. Antimicrobial residues were not detected in milk samples from untreated quarters. Cow condition including parity, decreased milk production and severity of mastitis significantly influenced the excretion of antimicrobials in milk (P ≤ 0·05). No significant differences were found between the tetracycline positive and tetracycline negative cows regarding the bacteria involved, combination antimicrobial therapy, or treatment interval and duration.
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Zhou C, Zou H, Sun C, Ren D, Xiong W, Li Y. Fluorescent aptasensor for detection of four tetracycline veterinary drugs in milk based on catalytic hairpin assembly reaction and displacement of G-quadruplex. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018. [PMID: 29516136 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on a novel signal amplification strategy by catalytic hairpin assembly and displacement of G-quadruplex DNA, an enzyme-free, non-label fluorescent aptasensing approach was established for sensitive detection of four tetracycline veterinary drugs in milk. The network consisted of a pair of partially complementary DNA hairpins (HP1 and HP2). The DNA aptamer of four tetracycline veterinary drugs was located at the sticky end of the HP1. The ring region of HP1 rich in G and C could form a stable G-quadruplex structure, which could emit specific fluorescence signal after binding with the fluorescent dye and N-methylmesoporphyrin IX (NMM). When presented in the system, the target analytes would be repeatedly used to trigger a recycling procedure between the hairpins, generating numerous HP1-HP2 duplex complexes and displacing G-quadruplex DNA. Thus, the sensitive detection of target analytes was achieved in a wide linear range (0-1000 μg/L) with the detection limit of 4.6 μg/L. Moreover, this proposed method showed high discrimination efficiency towards target analytes against other common mismatched veterinary drugs, and could be successfully applied to the analysis of milk samples. Graphical abstract Schematic of target analyte detection based on catalytic hairpin assembly reaction and displacement of G-quadruplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, no. 17, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Haimin Zou
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, no. 17, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, no. 17, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Dongxia Ren
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, no. 17, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, no. 17, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, no. 17, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, no. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.
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Granados-Chinchilla F, Rodríguez C. Tetracyclines in Food and Feedingstuffs: From Regulation to Analytical Methods, Bacterial Resistance, and Environmental and Health Implications. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:1315497. [PMID: 28168081 PMCID: PMC5266830 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1315497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used as growth promoters in animal husbandry; among them, the tetracyclines are a chemical group of relevance, due to their wide use in agriculture, surpassing in quantities applied almost every other antibiotic family. Seeing the considerable amounts of tetracyclines used worldwide, monitoring of these antibiotics is paramount. Advances must be made in the analysis of antibiotics to assess correct usage and dosage of tetracyclines in food and feedstuffs and possible residues in pertinent environmental samples. The tetracyclines are still considered a clinically relevant group of antibiotics, though dissemination of tolerance and resistance determinants have limited their use. This review focuses on four different aspects: (i) tetracyclines, usage, dosages, and regulatory issues that govern their food-related application, with particular attention to the prohibitions and restrictions that several countries have enforced in recent years by agencies from both the United States and the European Union, (ii) analytical methods for tetracyclines, determination, and residues thereof in feedstuffs and related matrices with an emphasis on the most relevant and novel techniques, including both screening and confirmatory methods, (iii) tetracycline resistance and tetracycline-resistant bacteria in feedstuff, and (iv) environmental and health risks accompanying the use of tetracyclines in animal nutrition. In the last two cases, we discuss the more relevant undesirable effects that tetracyclines exert over bacterial communities and nontarget species including unwanted effects in farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - César Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET) and Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Dubreil E, Gautier S, Fourmond MP, Bessiral M, Gaugain M, Verdon E, Pessel D. Validation approach for a fast and simple targeted screening method for 75 antibiotics in meat and aquaculture products using LC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:453-468. [PMID: 27585601 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1230278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An approach is described to validate a fast and simple targeted screening method for antibiotic analysis in meat and aquaculture products by LC-MS/MS. The strategy of validation was applied for a panel of 75 antibiotics belonging to different families, i.e., penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, macrolides, quinolones and phenicols. The samples were extracted once with acetonitrile, concentrated by evaporation and injected into the LC-MS/MS system. The approach chosen for the validation was based on the Community Reference Laboratory (CRL) guidelines for the validation of screening qualitative methods. The aim of the validation was to prove sufficient sensitivity of the method to detect all the targeted antibiotics at the level of interest, generally the maximum residue limit (MRL). A robustness study was also performed to test the influence of different factors. The validation showed that the method is valid to detect and identify 73 antibiotics of the 75 antibiotics studied in meat and aquaculture products at the validation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Dubreil
- a Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougeres Laboratory , ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety) , Fougeres Cedex , France
| | - Sophie Gautier
- a Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougeres Laboratory , ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety) , Fougeres Cedex , France
| | - Marie-Pierre Fourmond
- a Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougeres Laboratory , ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety) , Fougeres Cedex , France
| | - Mélaine Bessiral
- a Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougeres Laboratory , ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety) , Fougeres Cedex , France
| | - Murielle Gaugain
- a Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougeres Laboratory , ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety) , Fougeres Cedex , France
| | - Eric Verdon
- b European Union Reference Laboratory for Antibiotic and Dye Residue in Food, Fougeres Laboratory , ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety) , Fougeres Cedex , France
| | - Dominique Pessel
- a Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougeres Laboratory , ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety) , Fougeres Cedex , France
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Yuan F, Zhao H, Wang X, Quan X. Determination of Oxytetracycline by a Graphene—Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Aptamer Sensor. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1187160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Tumini M, Nagel OG, Molina P, Althaus RL. Novel bioassay using Bacillus megaterium to detect tetracycline in milk. Rev Argent Microbiol 2016; 48:143-6. [PMID: 27131738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracyclines are used for the prevention and control of dairy cattle diseases. Residues of these drugs can be excreted into milk. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a microbiological method using Bacillus megaterium to detect tetracyclines (chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and tetracycline) in milk. In order to approximate the limits of detection of the bioassay to the Maximum Residue Limit (100μg/l) for milk tetracycline, different concentrations of chloramphenicol (0, 1000, 1500 and 2000μg/l) were tested. The detection limits calculated were similar to the Maximum Residue Limits when a bioassay using B. megaterium ATCC 9885 spores (2.8×10(8)spores/ml) and chloramphenicol (2000μg/l) was utilized. This bioassay detects 105μg/l of chlortetracycline, 100μg/l of oxytetracycline and 134μg/l of tetracycline in 5h. Therefore, this method is suitable to be incorporated into a microbiological multi-residue system for the identification of tetracyclines in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Tumini
- Cátedra de Biofísica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, R.P.L. Kreder 2804, 3080 Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Orlando G Nagel
- Cátedra de Biofísica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, R.P.L. Kreder 2804, 3080 Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Pilar Molina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera 14, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael L Althaus
- Cátedra de Biofísica, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, R.P.L. Kreder 2804, 3080 Esperanza, Argentina.
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Gaudin V, Hedou C, Soumet C, Verdon E. Evaluation and validation of a multi-residue method based on biochip technology for the simultaneous screening of six families of antibiotics in muscle and aquaculture products. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:403-19. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1125529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yuan F, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Gao L, Xu J, Quan X. Fluorescent biosensor for sensitive analysis of oxytetracycline based on an indirectly labelled long-chain aptamer. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04025f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A fluorescent assay for oxytetracycline detection is presented based on an indirectly fluorescein-labelled aptamer probe, which was fabricated through hybridization of an oxytetracycline long-chain aptamer with a FAM-labelled short-chain ssDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China)
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China)
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Zhinan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China)
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Lichen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China)
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Jintao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China)
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China)
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
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