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da Silveira Estevão PL, Lemes LFR, Soares FLF, Nagata N. Raman mapping for determination of TiO 2 in different solid food samples by multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04839-9. [PMID: 37438565 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide is a food additive commonly used as a white food coloring (E171). Its wide use by the food industry associated with the nanometric size distribution of the particles of this pigment has shown high genotoxicity associated with recurrent exposure by ingestion. Therefore, the use of E171 in food products has already been banned by some industries and in the European Union. Such banishment should soon be extended to other countries around the world, making it important to establish techniques for the efficient determination of TiO2 in different food products. The association between hyperspectral images and chemometric tools can be useful in this sense, aiming to enable the use of a single method for sample preparation and analysis of different types of food. Thus, the present work aims to evaluate the use of Raman mapping associated with the resolution of multivariate curves with alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) for the determination of titanium dioxide in solid food samples with different compositions, without the need to introduce specific sample preparation. The proposed method allowed for the first-time quantification of TiO2 in different food matrices without specific sample preparation, with a simple, rapid, accurate (93% of recovery), low detection limits (0.0111% m/m) and quantification (0.0370% m/m) and adequate linearity (r = 0.9990) and precise (standard deviation around 0.020-0.030% w/w) methodology. Such results highlight the potential use of Raman mapping associated with the MCR-ALS for quantification of the nano-TiO2 in commercial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Noemi Nagata
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil
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Wan J, Xu J, Zhu S, Li J, Wang B, Zeng J, Li J, Chen K. Eco-Friendly Superhydrophobic Composites with Thermostability, UV Resistance, and Coating Transparency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:61681-61692. [PMID: 34913682 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the market demand for biofiber assemblies endowed with superhydrophobicity being huge, the current approaches to their production are complicated, time-consuming, and even pose a serious threat to the environment. Here, we report a simple surface treatment strategy to prepare environmentally friendly superhydrophobic biofiber composites. The obtained samples have certain UV resistance properties, which are mainly determined by the titanium dioxide (TiO2) dosage. Additionally, the sample has excellent thermal stability, and the contact angle is maintained at 153.26° after heat treatment at 140 °C for 1 h. Quite encouragingly, thermal annealing of samples can transform translucent coatings into transparent structures and increase the tensile strength. The results also showed that this strategy could be integrated into the mass production process of other biofiber components as coating, such as coated paper, pulp boards, cotton gauzes, tissues, and so forth. Due to the facile preparation and environment-friendliness, this sustainable paper-based product can be used in diversified applications: packaging and storage of liquid food, protection of ancient books, UV- and rain-proof materials, and teaching demonstrations relevant to bionics, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Kefu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
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Lim JH, Bae D, Fong A. Titanium Dioxide in Food Products: Quantitative Analysis Using ICP-MS and Raman Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13533-13540. [PMID: 30513207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly used as a color additive in food products. In this study, a total of 11 food products, such as a coffee cream, yogurt snack, hard candy, and chewy candy, that are widely consumed by adults or children were investigated. For characterization of particle size, size distribution, crystallinity, and concentration of TiO2, particles were first extracted using an acid digestion method from food, and various analytical techniques were applied. All products investigated in this study contained nanosized TiO2 particles (21.3-53.7%) in the anatase phase. The particle size of TiO2 was in the range of 26.9-463.2 nm. The concentration of TiO2 in the products ranged from 0.015% (150 ppm) to 0.462% (4620 ppm). These values obtained using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were considered as the reference and were compared with Raman results to evaluate the feasibility of using the Raman method to quantitate TiO2 in food products. The Raman method developed in this study proved to effectively analyze anatase TiO2 in food products at levels of several hundred parts per million or greater. Limitations of using the Raman method as a quick screening tool for determination of TiO2 are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Lim
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Arkansas Laboratory , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 3900 NCTR Road , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Arkansas Laboratory , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 3900 NCTR Road , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Andrew Fong
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Arkansas Laboratory , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 3900 NCTR Road , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
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Proquin H, Jetten MJ, Jonkhout MCM, Garduño-Balderas LG, Briedé JJ, de Kok TM, van Loveren H, Chirino YI. Transcriptomics analysis reveals new insights in E171-induced molecular alterations in a mouse model of colon cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9738. [PMID: 29950665 PMCID: PMC6021444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide as a food additive (E171) has been demonstrated to facilitate growth of chemically induced colorectal tumours in vivo and induce transcriptomic changes suggestive of an immune system impairment and cancer development. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the tumour stimulatory effects of E171 in combination with azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) and compare these results to a recent study performed under the same conditions with E171 only. BALB/c mice underwent exposure to 5 mg/kgbw/day of E171 by gavage for 2, 7, 14, and 21 days. Whole genome mRNA microarray analyses on the distal colon were performed. The results show that E171 induced a downregulation of genes involved in the innate and adaptive immune system, suggesting impairment of this system. In addition, over time, signalling genes involved in colorectal cancer and other types of cancers were modulated. In relation to cancer development, effects potentially associated with oxidative stress were observed through modulation of genes related to antioxidant production. E171 affected genes involved in biotransformation of xenobiotics which can form reactive intermediates resulting in toxicological effects. These transcriptomics data reflect the early biological responses induced by E171 which precede tumour formation in an AOM/DSS mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Proquin
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marlon J Jetten
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes C M Jonkhout
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jacob J Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Loveren
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Estado de México, Mexico.,IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, DE Düsseldorf, Germany
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Zhao B, Yang T, Zhang Z, Hickey ME, He L. A Triple Functional Approach To Simultaneously Determine the Type, Concentration, and Size of Titanium Dioxide Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:2863-2869. [PMID: 29384662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale manufacturing and use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles in food and consumer products significantly increase the likelihood of human exposure and release into the environment. We present a simple and innovative approach to rapidly identify the type (anatase or rutile), as well as to estimate, the size and concentration of TiO2 particles using Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The identification and discrimination of rutile and anatase were based on their intrinsic Raman signatures. The concentration of the TiO2 particles was determined based on Raman peak intensity. Particle sizes were estimated based on the ratio between the Raman intensity of TiO2 and the SERS intensity of myricetin bound to the nanoparticles (NPs), which was proven to be independent of TiO2 nanoparticle concentrations. The ratio that was calculated from the 100 nm particles was used as a cutoff value when estimating the presence of nanosized particles within a mixture. We also demonstrated the practical use of this approach when determining the type, concentration, and size of E171: a mixture that contains TiO2 particles of various sizes which are commonly used in many food products as food additives. The presence of TiO2 anatase NPs in E171 was confirmed using the developed approach and was validated by transmission electron micrographs. TiO2 presence in pond water was also demonstrated to be an analytical capability of this method. Our approach shows great promise for the rapid screening of nanosized rutile and anatase TiO2 particles in complex matrixes. This approach will strongly improve the measurement of TiO2 quality during production, as well as the survey capacity and risk assessment of TiO2 NPs in food, consumer goods, and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Tianxi Yang
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Michael E Hickey
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Lili He
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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