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Moisand A, Madéry M, Boyer T, Domblides C, Blaye C, Larmonier N. Hormone Receptor Signaling and Breast Cancer Resistance to Anti-Tumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15048. [PMID: 37894728 PMCID: PMC10606577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers regroup many heterogeneous diseases unevenly responding to currently available therapies. Approximately 70-80% of breast cancers express hormone (estrogen or progesterone) receptors. Patients with these hormone-dependent breast malignancies benefit from therapies targeting endocrine pathways. Nevertheless, metastatic disease remains a major challenge despite available treatments, and relapses frequently ensue. By improving patient survival and quality of life, cancer immunotherapies have sparked considerable enthusiasm and hope in the last decade but have led to only limited success in breast cancers. In addition, only patients with hormone-independent breast cancers seem to benefit from these immune-based approaches. The present review examines and discusses the current literature related to the role of hormone receptor signaling (specifically, an estrogen receptor) and the impact of its modulation on the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to the effector mechanisms of anti-tumor immune responses and on the capability of breast cancers to escape from protective anti-cancer immunity. Future research prospects related to the possibility of promoting the efficacy of immune-based interventions using hormone therapy agents are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moisand
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UB Grad 2.0, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Madéry
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UB Grad 2.0, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Boyer
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UB Grad 2.0, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Charlotte Domblides
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Blaye
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Nicolas Larmonier
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (A.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, UB Grad 2.0, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Yan Y, Li L, Wang Z, Pang J, Guan X, Yuan Y, Xia Z, Yi W. A comprehensive analysis of the role of QPRT in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15414. [PMID: 37723185 PMCID: PMC10507026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the clinical role of QPRT in breast cancer. The gene expression, methylation levels and prognostic value of QPRT in breast cancer was analyzed using TCGA data. Validation was performed using the data from GEO dataset and TNMPLOT database. Meta analysis method was used to pool the survival data for QPRT. The predictive values of QPRT for different drugs were retrieved from the ROC plot. The expression differences of QPRT in acquired drug-resistant and sensitive cell lines were analyzed using GEO datasets. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were conducted for those genes which were highly co-expressed with QPRT in tissue based on TCGA data and which changed after QPRT knockdown. Timer2.0 was utilized to explore the correlation between QPRT and immune cells infiltration, and the Human Protein Atlas was used to analyse QPRT's single-cell sequencing data across different human tissues. The expression of QPRT in different types of macrophages, and the expression of QPRT were analysed after coculturing HER2+ breast cancer cells with macrophages. Additionally, TargetScan, Comparative Toxicogenomics and the connectivity map were used to research miRNAs and drugs that could regulate QPRT expression. Cytoscape was used to map the interaction networks between QPRT and other proteins. QPRT was highly expressed in breast cancer tissue and highly expressed in HER2+ breast cancer patients (P < 0.01). High QPRT expression levels were associated with worse OS, DMFS, and RFS (P < 0.01). Two sites (cg02640602 and cg06453916) were found to be potential regulators of breast cancer (P < 0.01). QPRT might predict survival benefits in breast cancer patients who received taxane or anthracycline. QPRT was associated with tumour immunity, especially in macrophages. QPRT may influence the occurrence and progression of breast cancer through the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway, Wnt signalling pathway, and cell cycle-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Lun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jian Pang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xinyu Guan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yunchang Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhenkun Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Wenjun Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Girithar HN, Staats Pires A, Ahn SB, Guillemin GJ, Gluch L, Heng B. Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in breast cancer: updates on clinical research and trials. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:185-203. [PMID: 37041200 PMCID: PMC10338682 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrCa) is the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in women worldwide. While BrCa treatment has been shown to be highly successful if detected at an early stage, there are few effective strategies to treat metastatic tumours. Hence, metastasis remains the main cause in most of BrCa deaths, highlighting the need for new approaches in this group of patients. Immunotherapy has been gaining attention as a new treatment for BrCa metastasis and the kynurenine pathway (KP) has been suggested as one of the potential targets. The KP is the major biochemical pathway in tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, catabolising TRP to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The KP has been reported to be elevated under inflammatory conditions such as cancers and that its activity suppresses immune surveillance. Dysregulation of the KP has previously been reported implicated in BrCa. This review aims to discuss and provide an update on the current mechanisms involved in KP-mediated immune suppression and cancer growth. Furthermore, we also provide a summary on 58 studies about the involvement of the KP and BrCa and five clinical trials targeting KP enzymes and their outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemaasri-Neya Girithar
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ananda Staats Pires
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seong Beom Ahn
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Gluch
- The Strathfield Breast Centre, Strathfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Hababag EAC, Cauilan A, Quintero D, Bermudes D. Tryptophanase Expressed by Salmonella Halts Breast Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro and Inhibits Production of Immunosuppressive Kynurenine. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1355. [PMID: 37317329 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid required for tumor cell growth and is also the precursor to kynurenine, an immunosuppressive molecule that plays a role in limiting anticancer immunity. Tryptophanase (TNase) is an enzyme expressed by different bacterial species that converts tryptophan into indole, pyruvate and ammonia, but is absent in the Salmonella strain VNP20009 that has been used as a therapeutic delivery vector. We cloned the Escherichia coli TNase operon tnaCAB into the VNP20009 (VNP20009-tnaCAB), and were able to detect linear production of indole over time, using Kovács reagent. In order to conduct further experiments using the whole bacteria, we added the antibiotic gentamicin to stop bacterial replication. Using a fixed number of bacteria, we found that there was no significant effect of gentamicin on stationary phase VNP20009-tnaCAB upon their ability to convert tryptophan to indole over time. We developed a procedure to extract indole from media while retaining tryptophan, and were able to measure tryptophan spectrophotometrically after exposure to gentamicin-inactivated whole bacterial cells. Using the tryptophan concentration equivalent to that present in DMEM cell culture media, a fixed number of bacteria were able to deplete 93.9% of the tryptophan in the culture media in 4 h. In VNP20009-tnaCAB depleted tissue culture media, MDA-MB-468 triple negative breast cancer cells were unable to divide, while those treated with media exposed only to VNP20009 continued cell division. Re-addition of tryptophan to conditioned culture media restored tumor cell growth. Treatment of tumor cells with molar equivalents of the TNase products indole, pyruvate and ammonia only caused a slight increase in tumor cell growth. Using an ELISA assay, we confirmed that TNase depletion of tryptophan also limits the production of immunosuppressive kynurenine in IFNγ-stimulated MDA-MB-468 cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that Salmonella VNP20009 expressing TNase has improved potential to stop tumor cell growth and reverse immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allea Cauilan
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - David Quintero
- Los Angeles Medical Facility, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - David Bermudes
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
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Arenas-Luna VM, Montesinos JJ, Cortés-Morales VA, Navarro-Betancourt JR, Peralta-Ildefonso J, Cisneros B, Hernández-Gutiérrez S. In Vitro Evidence of Differential Immunoregulatory Response between MDA-MB-231 and BT-474 Breast Cancer Cells Induced by Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Conditioned Medium. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 45:268-285. [PMID: 36661506 PMCID: PMC9857683 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inside tumors, cancer cells display several mechanisms to create an immunosuppressive environment. On the other hand, by migration processes, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be recruited by different cancer tumor types from tissues as distant as bone marrow and contribute to tumor pathogenesis. However, the impact of the immunoregulatory role of MSCs associated with the aggressiveness of breast cancer cells by soluble molecules has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this in vitro work aimed to study the effect of the conditioned medium of human bone marrow-derived-MSCs (hBM-MSC-cm) on the immunoregulatory capability of MDA-MB-231 and BT-474 breast cancer cells. The hBM-MSC-cm on MDA-MB-231 cells induced the overexpression of TGF-β, IDO, and IL-10 genes. Additionally, immunoregulation assays of mononuclear cells (MNCs) in co-culture with MDA-MB-231 and hBM-MSC-cm decreased lymphocyte proliferation, and increased proteins IL-10, TGF-β, and IDO while also reducing TNF levels, shooting the proportion of regulatory T cells. Conversely, the hBM-MSC-cm did not affect the immunomodulatory capacity of BT-474 cells. Thus, a differential immunoregulatory effect was observed between both representative breast cancer cell lines from different origins. Thus, understanding the immune response in a broader tumor context could help to design therapeutic strategies based on the aggressive behavior of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M. Arenas-Luna
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Panamerican University, Mexico City 03920, Mexico
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 04740, Mexico
| | - Juan J. Montesinos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Víctor A. Cortés-Morales
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | | | | | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 04740, Mexico
| | - Salomón Hernández-Gutiérrez
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Panamerican University, Mexico City 03920, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Pancancer Analysis of Revealed TDO2 as a Biomarker of Prognosis and Immunotherapy. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5447017. [PMID: 36118672 PMCID: PMC9481368 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5447017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) encoded by TDO2, a rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway, catabolizes tryptophan to kynurenine, evades immune surveillance, and promotes tumor growth. Although accumulating evidence suggests a crucial role of TDO2 during tumor formation and development, systematic evaluation of TDO2 across human cancers has rarely been reported. Methods To shed more light on the role of TDO2 in human cancer, we explored the expression profiles of TDO2 and identified its prognostic value in pancancer analysis through TCGA, CCLE, and GTEx databases. We further utilized TCGA data to evaluate the association between TDO2 and tumor immunological features, such as mismatch repair (MMR), tumor immune infiltration, immune checkpoint-related genes, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT). Results TDO2 exhibited different expression levels in various cancer cell lines. Frequently, TDO2 was detected to be highly expressed in the majority of cancers. In addition, high TDO2 expression was correlated with an unfavorable prognosis for patients in KIRP, LGG, TGCT, and UVM. Moreover, high TDO2 expression level positively correlated with higher immune infiltration, especially dendritic cells. Additionally, there is a close relationship between TDO2 and immune checkpoint-related gene markers, such as LAIR1, CD276, NRP1, CD80, and CD86. Finally, correlation analysis has demonstrated a high-correlation between TDO2 and TMB, MSI, MMR, and DNMT of multiple cancer types. Conclusion Therefore, our results suggest that TDO2 can function as a potential prognostic biomarker due to its role in tumor immunity regulation.
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Eroğlu İ, Eroğlu BÇ. Potential role of tryptophan catabolism in cancer-related cognitive impairment. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111765. [PMID: 35908496 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oncology may be the most rapidly expanding field in medicine, with several innovative diagnostic and therapeutic procedures appearing daily. Advances in oncology have improved the survival rate for patients with cancer and promoting quality of life is now one of the goals in the care of these patients. Patients face a variety of disease- and treatment-related side effects, including anorexia, nausea, vomiting, recurring infections, and sleep difficulties. Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is an overlooked clinical condition found in oncologic practice, particularly in patients with breast cancer. Although several potential mechanisms for CRCI have been hypothesized, to our knowledge, the exact mechanism is still unknown. Alterations in the tryptophan kynurenine pathway have been shown to impair cognitive skills in several mental illnesses. However, its possible function in CRCI has yet to be investigated. The aim of this was to examine the possible interactions between tryptophan catabolism and CRCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- İmdat Eroğlu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Çelik Eroğlu
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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The Kynurenine Pathway and Cancer: Why Keep It Simple When You Can Make It Complicated. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112793. [PMID: 35681770 PMCID: PMC9179486 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The kynurenine pathway has two main physiological roles: (i) it protects specific organs such as the eyes and placenta from strong immune reactions and (ii) it additionally generate in the liver and kidney a metabolite essential to all cells of human body. Abnormal activation of this pathway is recurrently observed in numerous cancer types. Its two functions are hijacked to promote tumor growth and cancer cell dissemination through multiple mechanisms. Clinical assays including administration of inhibitors of this pathway have not yet been successful. The complex regulation of this pathway is likely the reason behind this failure. In this review, we try to give an overview of the current knowledge about this pathway, to point out the next challenges, and to propose alternative therapeutic routes. Abstract The kynurenine pathway has been highlighted as a gatekeeper of immune-privileged sites through its ability to generate from tryptophan a set of immunosuppressive metabolic intermediates. It additionally constitutes an important source of cellular NAD+ for the organism. Hijacking of its immunosuppressive functions, as recurrently observed in multiple cancers, facilitates immune evasion and promotes tumor development. Based on these observations, researchers have focused on characterizing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), the main enzyme catalyzing the first and limiting step of the pathway, and on developing therapies targeting it. Unfortunately, clinical trials studying IDO1 inhibitors have thus far not met expectations, highlighting the need to unravel this complex signaling pathway further. Recent advances demonstrate that these metabolites additionally promote tumor growth, metastatic dissemination and chemoresistance by a combination of paracrine and autocrine effects. Production of NAD+ also contributes to cancer progression by providing cancer cells with enhanced plasticity, invasive properties and chemoresistance. A comprehensive survey of this complexity is challenging but necessary to achieve medical success.
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Noonepalle SKR, Karabon L, Chiappinelli KB, Villagra A. Editorial: Genetic and Epigenetic Control of Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775101. [PMID: 34675944 PMCID: PMC8523980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satish kumar R. Noonepalle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, GW Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States
| | - Lidia Karabon
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katherine B. Chiappinelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, GW Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States
| | - Alejandro Villagra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, GW Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States
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Llinàs-Arias P, Íñiguez-Muñoz S, McCann K, Voorwerk L, Orozco JIJ, Ensenyat-Mendez M, Sesé B, DiNome ML, Marzese DM. Epigenetic Regulation of Immunotherapy Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4139. [PMID: 34439290 PMCID: PMC8394958 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the absence of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression. This malignancy, representing 15-20% of breast cancers, is a clinical challenge due to the lack of targeted treatments, higher intrinsic aggressiveness, and worse outcomes than other breast cancer subtypes. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising efficacy for early-stage and advanced TNBC, but this seems limited to a subgroup of patients. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that determine immunotherapy efficiency is essential to identifying which TNBC patients will respond to immunotherapy-based treatments and help to develop new therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence supports that epigenetic alterations, including aberrant chromatin architecture conformation and the modulation of gene regulatory elements, are critical mechanisms for immune escape. These alterations are particularly interesting since they can be reverted through the inhibition of epigenetic regulators. For that reason, several recent studies suggest that the combination of epigenetic drugs and immunotherapeutic agents can boost anticancer immune responses. In this review, we focused on the contribution of epigenetics to the crosstalk between immune and cancer cells, its relevance on immunotherapy response in TNBC, and the potential benefits of combined treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Llinàs-Arias
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory at the Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain; (P.L.-A.); (S.Í.-M.); (M.E.-M.); (B.S.)
| | - Sandra Íñiguez-Muñoz
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory at the Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain; (P.L.-A.); (S.Í.-M.); (M.E.-M.); (B.S.)
| | - Kelly McCann
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Leonie Voorwerk
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Javier I. J. Orozco
- Saint John’s Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA;
| | - Miquel Ensenyat-Mendez
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory at the Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain; (P.L.-A.); (S.Í.-M.); (M.E.-M.); (B.S.)
| | - Borja Sesé
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory at the Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain; (P.L.-A.); (S.Í.-M.); (M.E.-M.); (B.S.)
| | - Maggie L. DiNome
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
| | - Diego M. Marzese
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory at the Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain; (P.L.-A.); (S.Í.-M.); (M.E.-M.); (B.S.)
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Asghar K, Farooq A, Zulfiqar B, Loya A. Review of 10 years of research on breast cancer patients: Focus on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:429-436. [PMID: 34189067 PMCID: PMC8223715 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i6.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic manipulation of the immune system in cancer has been an extensive area of research in the field of oncoimmunology. Immunosuppression regulates antitumour immune responses. An immunosuppressive enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mediates tumour immune escape in various malignancies including breast cancer. IDO upregulation in breast cancer cells may lead to the recruitment of regulatory T (T-regs) cells into the tumour microenvironment, thus inhibiting local immune responses and promoting metastasis. Immunosuppression induced by myeloid derived suppressor cells activated in an IDO-dependent manner may enhance the possibility of immune evasion in breast cancer. IDO overexpression has independent prognostic significance in a subtype of breast cancer of emerging interest, basal-like breast carcinoma. IDO inhibitors as adjuvant therapeutic agents may have clinical implications in breast cancer. This review proposes future prospects of IDO not only as a therapeutic target but also as a valuable prognostic marker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Asghar
- Department of Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asim Farooq
- Department of Clinical Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Zulfiqar
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Asif Loya
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Huang TT, Tseng LM, Chen JL, Chu PY, Lee CH, Huang CT, Wang WL, Lau KY, Tseng MF, Chang YY, Chiang TY, Ueng YF, Lee HC, Dai MS, Liu CY. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase upregulates pluripotent genes through β-catenin and promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression. EBioMedicine 2021; 54:102717. [PMID: 32268268 PMCID: PMC7191260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive and has a poor prognosis. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), a crucial kynurenine metabolic enzyme, is involved in inflammation, immune response and tumorigenesis. We aimed to study the role of KMO in TNBC. Methods KMO alteration and expression data from public databases were analyzed. KMO expression levels in TNBC samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Knockdown of KMO in TNBC cells was achieved by RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9. KMO functions were examined by MTT, colony-forming, transwell migration/invasion, and mammosphere assays. The molecular events were analyzed by cDNA microarrays, Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR and luciferase reporter assays. Tumor growth and metastasis were detected by orthotopic xenograft and tail vein metastasis mouse models, respectively. Findings KMO was amplified and associated with worse survival in breast cancer patients. KMO expression levels were higher in TNBC tumors compared to adjacent normal mammary tissues. In vitro ectopic KMO expression increased cell growth, colony and mammosphere formation, migration, invasion as well as mesenchymal marker expression levels in TNBC cells. In addition, KMO increased pluripotent gene expression levels and promoter activities in vitro. Mechanistically, KMO was associated with β-catenin and prevented β-catenin degradation, thereby enhancing the transcription of pluripotent genes. KMO knockdown suppressed tumor growth and the expression levels of β-catenin, CD44 and Nanog. Furthermore, mutant KMO (known with suppressed enzymatic activity) could still promote TNBC cell migration/invasion. Importantly, mice bearing CRISPR KMO-knockdown TNBC tumors showed decreased lung metastasis and prolonged survival. Interpretation KMO regulates pluripotent genes via β-catenin and plays an oncogenic role in TNBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Huang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Lin Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Han Lee
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Teng Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yang-Ming Branch of Taipei City Hospital, Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Wang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ka-Yi Lau
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Tseng
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ya Chang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chiang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yune-Fang Ueng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 101, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shen Dai
- Hematology/Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Kudo T, Prentzell MT, Mohapatra SR, Sahm F, Zhao Z, Grummt I, Wick W, Opitz CA, Platten M, Green EW. Constitutive Expression of the Immunosuppressive Tryptophan Dioxygenase TDO2 in Glioblastoma Is Driven by the Transcription Factor C/EBPβ. Front Immunol 2020; 11:657. [PMID: 32477324 PMCID: PMC7239998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan is a key metabolic pathway contributing to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and therefore a viable drug target for cancer immunotherapy. In addition to the rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), tryptophan catabolism via tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) is a feature of many tumors, particularly malignant gliomas. The pathways regulating TDO2 in tumors are poorly understood; using unbiased promoter and gene expression analyses, we identify a distinct CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) binding site in the promoter of TDO2 essential for driving constitutive TDO2 expression in glioblastoma cells. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we find that C/EBPβ expression is correlated with TDO2, and both are enriched in malignant glioma of the mesenchymal subtype and associated with poor patient outcome. We determine that TDO2 expression is sustained mainly by the LAP isoform of CEBPB and interleukin-1β, which activates TDO2 via C/EBPβ in a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase-dependent fashion. In summary, we provide evidence for a novel regulatory and therapeutically targetable pathway of immunosuppressive tryptophan degradation in a subtype of glioblastoma with a particularly poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kudo
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mirja T Prentzell
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soumya R Mohapatra
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhongliang Zhao
- DKTK Division Molecular Biology of the Cell, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Grummt
- DKTK Division Molecular Biology of the Cell, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- DKTK CCU Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Edward W Green
- DKTK CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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14
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Microbial Alterations and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer: Connections and Mechanistic Insights. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051091. [PMID: 32354130 PMCID: PMC7290701 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer-related mortality remains high worldwide, despite tremendous advances in diagnostics and therapeutics; hence, the quest for better strategies for disease management, as well as the identification of modifiable risk factors, continues. With recent leaps in genomic technologies, microbiota have emerged as major players in most cancers, including breast cancer. Interestingly, microbial alterations have been observed with some of the established risk factors of breast cancer, such as obesity, aging and periodontal disease. Higher levels of estrogen, a risk factor for breast cancer that cross-talks with other risk factors such as alcohol intake, obesity, parity, breastfeeding, early menarche and late menopause, are also modulated by microbial dysbiosis. In this review, we discuss the association between known breast cancer risk factors and altered microbiota. An important question related to microbial dysbiosis and cancer is the underlying mechanisms by which alterations in microbiota can support cancer progression. To this end, we review the involvement of microbial metabolites as effector molecules, the modulation of the metabolism of xenobiotics, the induction of systemic immune modulation, and altered responses to therapy owing to microbial dysbiosis. Given the association of breast cancer risk factors with microbial dysbiosis and the multitude of mechanisms altered by dysbiotic microbiota, an impaired microbiome is, in itself, an important risk factor.
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15
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Opitz CA, Somarribas Patterson LF, Mohapatra SR, Dewi DL, Sadik A, Platten M, Trump S. The therapeutic potential of targeting tryptophan catabolism in cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:30-44. [PMID: 31819194 PMCID: PMC6964670 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on its effects on both tumour cell intrinsic malignant properties as well as anti-tumour immune responses, tryptophan catabolism has emerged as an important metabolic regulator of cancer progression. Three enzymes, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 and 2 (IDO1/2) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), catalyse the first step of the degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn). The notion of inhibiting IDO1 using small-molecule inhibitors elicited high hopes of a positive impact in the field of immuno-oncology, by restoring anti-tumour immune responses and synergising with other immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibition. However, clinical trials with IDO1 inhibitors have yielded disappointing results, hence raising many questions. This review will discuss strategies to target Trp-degrading enzymes and possible down-stream consequences of their inhibition. We aim to provide comprehensive background information on Trp catabolic enzymes as targets in immuno-oncology and their current state of development. Details of the clinical trials with IDO1 inhibitors, including patient stratification, possible effects of the inhibitors themselves, effects of pre-treatments and the therapies the inhibitors were combined with, are discussed and mechanisms proposed that might have compensated for IDO1 inhibition. Finally, alternative approaches are suggested to circumvent these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane A Opitz
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Luis F Somarribas Patterson
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soumya R Mohapatra
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dyah L Dewi
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery - Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ahmed Sadik
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Saskia Trump
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Unit for Molecular Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Aspeslagh S, Morel D, Soria JC, Postel-Vinay S. Epigenetic modifiers as new immunomodulatory therapies in solid tumours. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:812-824. [PMID: 29432557 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment over the last few years by allowing improvements in overall survival. However, the majority of patients is still primary or secondary resistant to such therapies, and enhancing sensitivity to immune therapies is therefore crucial to improve patient outcome. Several recent lines of evidence suggest that epigenetic modifiers have intrinsic immunomodulatory properties, which could be of therapeutic interest. Material and methods We reviewed preclinical evidence and clinical studies which describe or exploit immunomodulatory properties of epigenetic agents. Experimental approaches, clinical applicability and corresponding ongoing clinical trials are described. Results Several epigenetic modifiers, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, DNA methyl transferase inhibitors, bromodomain inhibitors, lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 inhibitors and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors, display intrinsic immunomodulatory properties. The latter can be achieved through the action of these drugs either on cancer cells (e.g. presentation and generation of neoantigens, induction of immunogenic cell death, modulation of cytokine secretion), on immune cells (e.g. linage, differentiation, activation status and antitumor capability), or on components of the microenvironment (e.g. regulatory T cells and macrophages). Several promising combinations, notably with immune checkpoint blockers or adoptive T-cell therapy, can be envisioned. Dedicated clinically relevant approaches for patient selection and trial design will be required to optimally develop such combinations. Conclusion In an era where immune therapies are becoming a treatment backbone in many tumour types, epigenetic modifiers could play a crucial role in modulating tumours' immunogenicity and sensitivity to immune agents. Optimal trial design, including window of opportunity trials, will be key in the success of this approach, and clinical evaluation is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aspeslagh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet - ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Morel
- INSERM, UMR981, Villejuif, France
| | - J-C Soria
- INSERM, UMR981, Villejuif, France; Drug Development Department (DITEP, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - S Postel-Vinay
- INSERM, UMR981, Villejuif, France; Drug Development Department (DITEP, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.
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17
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Sailer V, Sailer U, Bawden EG, Zarbl R, Wiek C, Vogt TJ, Dietrich J, Loick S, Grünwald I, Toma M, Golletz C, Gerstner A, Kristiansen G, Bootz F, Scheckenbach K, Landsberg J, Dietrich D. DNA methylation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas correlates with IDO1 expression, HPV status, patients' survival, immune cell infiltrates, mutational load, and interferon γ signature. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:341-352. [PMID: 31628024 PMCID: PMC6838413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immune checkpoint, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, is under investigation as target of novel immunotherapies for cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). The aim of our study was to analyze DNA methylation of the encoding gene (IDO1) in HNSCC. Methods Methylation of three CpG sites within the promoter, promoter flank, and gene body was investigated and correlated with mRNA expression, immune cell infiltration, mutational burden, human papillomavirus (HPV)-status, and overall survival in a cohort of N = 528 HNSCC patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. In addition, IDO1 immunohistochemistry and DNA methylation analysis was performed in an independent cohort of N = 138 HNSCC samples. Findings Significant inverse correlations of IDO1 methylation and IDO1 mRNA expression were found in the promoter and promoter flank region (Spearman's ρ = −0.163 and ρ = −0.377, respectively) while a positive correlation was present in the gene body (ρ = 0.502; all P < 0.001). IDO1 DNA methylation significantly correlated with IDO1 protein expressing immune cells as well as tumor cells. IDO1 promoter flank hypermethylation was significantly associated with poor overall survival (P < 0.001). In addition, we discovered significant correlations between IDO1 methylation and expression with RNA signatures of immune cell infiltrates and with HPV-status, mutational load (methylation only), and interferon γ signature. Interpretation Our results suggest IDO1 expression levels are epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation. This study provides rationale to test IDO1 methylation as potential biomarker for prediction of response to IDO1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Sailer
- Pathology of the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ulrike Sailer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Emma Grace Bawden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Romina Zarbl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Timo J Vogt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Joern Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophia Loick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingela Grünwald
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marieta Toma
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Golletz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gerstner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Municipal Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Scheckenbach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
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18
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Ménard C, Dulong J, Roulois D, Hébraud B, Verdière L, Pangault C, Sibut V, Bezier I, Bescher N, Monvoisin C, Gadelorge M, Bertheuil N, Flécher E, Casteilla L, Collas P, Sensebé L, Bourin P, Espagnolle N, Tarte K. Integrated transcriptomic, phenotypic, and functional study reveals tissue-specific immune properties of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells 2019; 38:146-159. [PMID: 31502731 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical-grade mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be expanded from bone marrow and adipose tissue to treat inflammatory diseases and degenerative disorders. However, the influence of their tissue of origin on their functional properties, including their immunosuppressive activity, remains unsolved. In this study, we produced paired bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) and adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC) batches from 14 healthy donors. We then compared them using transcriptomic, phenotypic, and functional analyses and validated our results on purified native MSCs to infer which differences were really endowed by tissue of origin. Cultured MSCs segregated together owing to their tissue of origin based on their gene expression profile analyzed using differential expression and weighted gene coexpression network analysis. This translated into distinct immune-related gene signatures, phenotypes, and functional cell interactions. Importantly, sorted native BM-MSCs and ASCs essentially displayed the same distinctive patterns than their in vitro-expanded counterparts. As a whole, ASCs exhibited an immune profile consistent with a stronger inhibition of immune response and a lower immunogenicity, supporting the use of adipose tissue as a valuable source for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Ménard
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,SITI Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Joëlle Dulong
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,SITI Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - David Roulois
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Benjamin Hébraud
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), ERL5311 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Léa Verdière
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Pangault
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle Biologie, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Vonick Sibut
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,SITI Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Bezier
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,SITI Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Nadège Bescher
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,SITI Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Monvoisin
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Mélanie Gadelorge
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), ERL5311 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Bertheuil
- SITI Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.,Department of Plastic Surgery, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Erwan Flécher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), ERL5311 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Collas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luc Sensebé
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), ERL5311 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nicolas Espagnolle
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), ERL5311 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,SITI Laboratory, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
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19
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Ye Z, Yue L, Shi J, Shao M, Wu T. Role of IDO and TDO in Cancers and Related Diseases and the Therapeutic Implications. J Cancer 2019; 10:2771-2782. [PMID: 31258785 PMCID: PMC6584917 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kynurenine (Kyn) pathway is a significant metabolic pathway of tryptophan (Trp). The metabolites of the Kyn pathway are closely correlated with numerous diseases. Two main enzymes, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO or TDO2), regulate the first and rate-limiting step of the Kyn pathway. These enzymes are directly or indirectly involved in various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, cancer, diabetes, and mental disorders. Presently, an increasing number of potential mechanisms have been revealed. In the present review, we depict the structure of IDO and TDO and explicate their functions in various diseases to facilitate a better understanding of them and to indicate new therapeutic plans to target them. Moreover, we summarize the inhibitors of IDO/TDO that are currently under development and their efficacy in the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Ye
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linxiu Yue
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingmei Shao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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20
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Kiyozumi Y, Baba Y, Okadome K, Yagi T, Ogata Y, Eto K, Hiyoshi Y, Ishimoto T, Iwatsuki M, Iwagami S, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, Watanabe M, Baba H. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 promoter hypomethylation is associated with poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1863-1871. [PMID: 31012515 PMCID: PMC6549929 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a primary enzyme that generates immunosuppressive metabolites. It plays a major role in tumor immunology and is a potential immune-based therapeutic target. We have reported that IDO1 protein expression was associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome in esophageal cancer. Recently, it has been reported that IDO1 expression is regulated by methylation of the IDO1 promoter. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between IDO1 expression, IDO1 promoter methylation, and clinicopathological features in esophageal cancer. We first confirmed changes in IDO1 expression levels in vitro by treating cells with 5-azacytidine. We then evaluated the relationship between IDO1 expression levels, IDO1 promoter methylation (bisulfite pyrosequencing), and clinicopathological features using 40 frozen samples and 242 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples resected from esophageal cancer patients. We treated cell lines with 5-azacytidine, and the resulting hypomethylation induced significantly higher IDO1 expression (P < .001). In frozen samples, IDO1 expression levels correlated inversely with IDO1 promoter methylation levels (R = -0.47, P = .0019). Furthermore, patients in the IDO1 promoter hypomethylation group (n = 67) had a poor prognosis compared with those in the IDO1 promoter hypermethylation group (n = 175) (overall survival, P = .011). Our results showed that IDO1 promoter hypomethylation regulated IDO1 expression and was associated with a poor prognosis in esophageal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kiyozumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okadome
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taisuke Yagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Eto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Translational Research and Advanced Treatment Against Gastrointestinal Cancer, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shiro Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Translational Research and Advanced Treatment Against Gastrointestinal Cancer, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Cruickshank B, Giacomantonio M, Marcato P, McFarland S, Pol J, Gujar S. Dying to Be Noticed: Epigenetic Regulation of Immunogenic Cell Death for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:654. [PMID: 29666625 PMCID: PMC5891575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) activates both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system during apoptotic cancer cell death. With respect to cancer immunotherapy, the process of ICD elicits enhanced adjuvanticity and antigenicity from dying cancer cells and consequently, promotes the development of clinically desired antitumor immunity. Cancer ICD requires the presentation of various "hallmarks" of immunomodulation, which include the cell-surface translocation of calreticulin, production of type I interferons, and release of high-mobility group box-1 and ATP, which through their compatible actions induce an immune response against cancer cells. Interestingly, recent reports investigating the use of epigenetic modifying drugs as anticancer therapeutics have identified several connections to ICD hallmarks. Epigenetic modifiers have a direct effect on cell viability and appear to fundamentally change the immunogenic properties of cancer cells, by actively subverting tumor microenvironment-associated immunoevasion and aiding in the development of an antitumor immune response. In this review, we critically discuss the current evidence that identifies direct links between epigenetic modifications and ICD hallmarks, and put forward an otherwise poorly understood role for epigenetic drugs as ICD inducers. We further discuss potential therapeutic innovations that aim to induce ICD during epigenetic drug therapy, generating highly efficacious cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sherri McFarland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Health Services Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Targeting the Epigenome as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:287-313. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Schäuble S, Stavrum AK, Bockwoldt M, Puntervoll P, Heiland I. SBMLmod: a Python-based web application and web service for efficient data integration and model simulation. BMC Bioinformatics 2017. [PMID: 28646877 PMCID: PMC5483284 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is the standard model representation and description language in systems biology. Enriching and analysing systems biology models by integrating the multitude of available data, increases the predictive power of these models. This may be a daunting task, which commonly requires bioinformatic competence and scripting. Results We present SBMLmod, a Python-based web application and service, that automates integration of high throughput data into SBML models. Subsequent steady state analysis is readily accessible via the web service COPASIWS. We illustrate the utility of SBMLmod by integrating gene expression data from different healthy tissues as well as from a cancer dataset into a previously published model of mammalian tryptophan metabolism. Conclusion SBMLmod is a user-friendly platform for model modification and simulation. The web application is available at http://sbmlmod.uit.no, whereas the WSDL definition file for the web service is accessible via http://sbmlmod.uit.no/SBMLmod.wsdl. Furthermore, the entire package can be downloaded from https://github.com/MolecularBioinformatics/sbml-mod-ws. We envision that SBMLmod will make automated model modification and simulation available to a broader research community. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-017-1722-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Schäuble
- Jena University Language & Information Engineering (JULIE) Lab, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Mathias Bockwoldt
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pål Puntervoll
- Centre for Applied Biotechnology, Uni Research Environment, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ines Heiland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Tykocinski LO, Lauffer AM, Bohnen A, Kaul NC, Krienke S, Tretter T, Adam I, Mohapatra SR, Saikali P, Löhning M, Neidhart M, Gay S, Oezen I, Platten M, Opitz CA, Lorenz HM. Synovial Fibroblasts Selectively Suppress Th1 Cell Responses through IDO1-Mediated Tryptophan Catabolism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3109-3117. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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