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You D, Xu T, Huang BZ, Zhu L, Wu F, Deng LS, Liu ZY, Duan JQ, Wang YM, Ge LP, Liu ZH, Sun J, Zeng X, Lang LQ, Zhou YC, Chen DS, Lai SY, Ai YR, Huang JB, Xu ZW. Rapid, sensitive, and visual detection of swine Japanese encephalitis virus with a one-pot RPA-CRISPR/EsCas13d-based dual readout portable platform. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134151. [PMID: 39059534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE), a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), poses a serious threat to global public health. The low viremia levels typical in JEV infections make RNA detection challenging, necessitating early and rapid diagnostic methods for effective control and prevention. This study introduces a novel one-pot detection method that combines recombinant enzyme polymerase isothermal amplification (RPA) with CRISPR/EsCas13d targeting, providing visual fluorescence and lateral flow assay (LFA) results. Our portable one-pot RPA-EsCas13d platform can detect as few as two copies of JEV nucleic acid within 1 h, without cross-reactivity with other pathogens. Validation against clinical samples showed 100 % concordance with real-time PCR results, underscoring the method's simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity. This efficacy confirms the platform's suitability as a novel point-of-care testing (POCT) solution for detecting and monitoring the JE virus in clinical and vector samples, especially valuable in remote and resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong You
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing-Zhou Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Shuang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe-Yan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Qi Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Meng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang-Peng Ge
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqiing, China
| | - Zuo-Hua Liu
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqiing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqiing, China
| | - Xiu Zeng
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqiing, China
| | - Li-Qiao Lang
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqiing, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China; Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Di-Shi Chen
- Sichuan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Si-Yuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Ru Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Bo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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Zhang YG, Chen HW, Zhang HX, Wang K, Su J, Chen YR, Wang XR, Fu ZF, Cui M. EGFR Activation Impairs Antiviral Activity of Interferon Signaling in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells During Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:894356. [PMID: 35847084 PMCID: PMC9279666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.894356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) is thought to be a critical step to induce viral encephalitis with compromised blood–brain barrier (BBB), and the mechanisms involved in this process are not completely understood. In this study, we found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is related to JEV escape from interferon-related host innate immunity based on a STRING analysis of JEV-infected primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) and mouse brain. At the early phase of the infection processes, JEV induced the phosphorylation of EGFR. In JEV-infected hBMECs, a rapid internalization of EGFR that co-localizes with the endosomal marker EEA1 occurred. Using specific inhibitors to block EGFR, reduced production of viral particles was observed. Similar results were also found in an EGFR-KO hBMEC cell line. Even though the process of viral infection in attachment and entry was not noticeably influenced, the induction of IFNs in EGFR-KO hBMECs was significantly increased, which may account for the decreased viral production. Further investigation demonstrated that EGFR downstream cascade ERK, but not STAT3, was involved in the antiviral effect of IFNs, and a lowered viral yield was observed by utilizing the specific inhibitor of ERK. Taken together, the results revealed that JEV induces EGFR activation, leading to a suppression of interferon signaling and promotion of viral replication, which could provide a potential target for future therapies for the JEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Fang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Min Cui
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Generation and characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus expressing GFP reporter gene for high throughput drug screening. Antiviral Res 2020; 182:104884. [PMID: 32750466 PMCID: PMC7395821 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a major cause of Japanese encephalitisis, is an arbovirus that belongs to the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Currently, there is no effective drugs available for the treatment of JEV infection. Therefore, it is important to establish efficient antiviral screening system for the development of antiviral drugs. In this study, we constructed a full-length infectious clone of eGFP-JEV reporter virus by inserting the eGFP gene into the capsid-coding region of the viral genome. The reporter virus RNA transfected-BHK-21 cells generated robust eGFP fluorescence signals that were correlated well with viral replication. The reporter virus displayed growth kinetics similar to wild type (WT) virus although replicated a little slower. Using a known JEV inhibitor, NITD008, we demonstrated that the reporter virus could be used to identify inhibitors against JEV. Furthermore, an eGFP-JEV-based high throughput screening (HTS) assay was established in a 96-well format and used for screening of 1443 FDA-approved drugs. Sixteen hit drugs were identified to be active against JEV. Among them, five compounds which are lonafarnib, cetylpyridinium chlorid, cetrimonium bromide, nitroxoline and hexachlorophene, are newly discovered inhibitors of JEV, providing potential new therapies for treatment of JEV infection.
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Khodr ZG, Hall C, Chang RN, Bukowinski AT, Gumbs GR, Conlin AMS. Japanese encephalitis vaccination in pregnancy among U.S. active duty military women. Vaccine 2020; 38:4529-4535. [PMID: 32423771 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine is an inactivated vaccine that has shown no risks in pregnancy in animal models, but epidemiologic studies are lacking. U.S. military service members located in JE endemic regions are required to be vaccinated; understanding the potential adverse events (AEs), including AEs that may occur in pregnancy, is needed. Here, we assessed pregnancy and infant health outcomes in association with JE vaccination in pregnancy. METHODS The study population consisted of 192,570 pregnancies to active duty women (2003-2014), captured in the Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Research program. JE vaccine in pregnancy, vaccine count, formulation, trimester, and whether first career dose coincided with pregnancy were compared with unexposed pregnancies to assess risk of pregnancy and infant health outcomes. Adjusted risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by multivariable models. RESULTS Of the 192,570 identifed pregnancies, 513 were exposed to the JE vaccine; 474 exposures occurred in the first trimester. For all outcomes, elevated risk estimates ranging from 1.53 to 1.70, were observed with receipt of >1 JE vaccine in pregnancy, though 95% CIs were wide and encompassed the null. First dose of JE vaccination in pregnancy was associated with a 1.87 (95% CI: 1.12-3.13) times increased risk of low birthweight (LBW) when excluding pregnancies exposed to other non-routinely recommended vaccinations in pregnancy. All other associations were null in both main and subset analyses. CONCLUSIONS The overall results of these analyses provide reassuring findings for the safety of JE vaccination in pregnancy. Higher counts of JE vaccine received in pregnancy yielded large yet non-statistically significant risk estimates for all outcomes, though likely driven by lack of pregnancy awareness. An association was observed with LBW in subset analyses, but it was limited to women receiving their first JE vaccine and not observed in the larger main analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina G Khodr
- Leidos, Inc., 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA
| | - Clinton Hall
- Leidos, Inc., 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA.
| | - Richard N Chang
- Leidos, Inc., 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA
| | - Anna T Bukowinski
- Leidos, Inc., 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA
| | - Gia R Gumbs
- Leidos, Inc., 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA
| | - Ava Marie S Conlin
- Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA
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Turtle L, Easton A, Defres S, Ellul M, Bovill B, Hoyle J, Jung A, Lewthwaite P, Solomon T. 'More than devastating'-patient experiences and neurological sequelae of Japanese encephalitis§. J Travel Med 2019; 26:5554873. [PMID: 31504712 PMCID: PMC6792067 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis (JE), caused by the mosquito-borne JE virus, is a vaccine-preventable disease endemic to much of Asia. Travellers from non-endemic areas are susceptible if they travel to a JE endemic area. Although the risk to travellers of JE is low, the consequences may be severe. METHODS Here, we describe three cases of JE in British travellers occurring in 2014-15. In addition, we report, through interviews with survivors and their families, personal experiences of life after JE. RESULTS Three cases of JE were diagnosed in British travellers in 2014/15. One was acquired in Thailand, one in China and one in either Thailand, Laos or Cambodia. All three patients suffered severe, life-threatening illnesses, all were admitted to intensive care units and required medical evacuation back to the UK. One patient suffered a cardiac arrest during the acute stage but made a good recovery. The other two patients remain significantly paralysed and ventilator dependent. All three cases had clear indications for vaccination, and all have been left with life-changing neurological sequelae. CONCLUSIONS Travel health providers should be aware of the severity of JE, as well as the risk, allowing travellers to make fully informed decisions on JE vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Turtle
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.,Tropical & Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
| | - Ava Easton
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.,Encephalitis Society, Malton, North Yorkshire, YO17 7DT, UK
| | - Sylviane Defres
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.,Tropical & Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
| | - Mark Ellul
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.,Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L9 7LJ, UK
| | - Begona Bovill
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Jim Hoyle
- Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, Glossop Rd, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Agam Jung
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Penny Lewthwaite
- St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, Beckett Street, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Tom Solomon
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.,Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L9 7LJ, UK
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Review of Emerging Japanese Encephalitis Virus: New Aspects and Concepts about Entry into the Brain and Inter-Cellular Spreading. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030111. [PMID: 31357540 PMCID: PMC6789543 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an emerging flavivirus of the Asia-Pacific region. More than two billion people live in endemic or epidemic areas and are at risk of infection. Recently, the first autochthonous human case was recorded in Africa, and infected birds have been found in Europe. JEV may spread even further to other continents. The first section of this review covers established and new information about the epidemiology of JEV. The subsequent sections focus on the impact of JEV on humans, including the natural course and immunity. Furthermore, new concepts are discussed about JEV’s entry into the brain. Finally, interactions of JEV and host cells are covered, as well as how JEV may spread in the body through latently infected immune cells and cell-to-cell transmission of virions or via other infectious material, including JEV genomic RNA.
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Chen KC, Lin YF, Huang AC, Gao JY, Lin CW, Lien JC. Molecular interaction of the antiviral compound CW‑33 and its analogues with the NS2B‑NS3 protease of the Japanese encephalitis virus. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2024-2032. [PMID: 30816489 PMCID: PMC6443346 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study from our group, a novel compound, namely CW‑33 (ethyl 2‑(3',5'‑dimethylanilino)‑4‑oxo‑4,5‑dihydrofuran‑3‑carboxylate) was identified that exhibited antiviral activity for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The viral NS2B‑NS3 serine protease serves an important role in cytoplasmic cleavage events that occur during viral polyprotein maturation. The inhibition of viral RNA and protein syntheses was responsible for the antiviral activities of the novel furanonaphthoquinone derivatives that were discovered for the prevention of JEV infection. Consequently, the present study examined the molecular docking simulation of JEV protease with compound CW‑33 and its analogues, and developed quantitative structure‑activity relationship (QSAR) models to assess the potential antiviral activities of these compounds with regard to JEV. Molecular docking simulation indicated the potential ligand‑protein interactions associated with the antiviral activities of these compounds. According to the results of the QSAR models, the secondary amine group was an important moiety required for compound bioactivity, which enabled the formation of hydrogen bonding with the residue Glu155. Furthermore, the aromatic ring mapping of the phenyl moiety of each compound was predicted to form a π‑cation interaction with residue Arg76, whereas the hydrophobic feature represented by the ethyl moiety exhibited hydrophobic contacts with residue Glu74. Finally, the hydrophobic substituents in the meta‑position of the phenyl ring further contributed to the efficacy of the antiviral activity. These results unravel the structural characteristics that are required for binding of CW‑33 to the JEV protease and can be used for potential therapeutic and drug development purposes for JEV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Fong Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 26647
| | | | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354,Professor Cheng-Wen Lin, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail:
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy,Department of Medical Research, Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C,Correspondence to: Professor Jin-Cherng Lien, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail:
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Japanese Encephalitis Virus NS1' Protein Antagonizes Interferon Beta Production. Virol Sin 2018; 33:515-523. [PMID: 30542978 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne virus and the major cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. NS1', a 52-amino acid C-terminal extension of NS1, is generated with a -1 programmed ribosomal frameshift and is only present in members of the Japanese encephalitis serogroup of flaviviruses. Previous studies demonstrated that NS1' plays a vital role in virulence, but the mechanism is unclear. In this study, an NS1' defected (rG66A) virus was generated. We found that rG66A virus was less virulent than its parent virus (pSA14) in wild-type mice. However, similar mortality caused by the two viruses was observed in an IFNAR knockout mouse model. Moreover, we found that rG66A virus induced a greater type I interferon (IFN) response than that by pSA14, and JEV NS1' significantly inhibited the production of IFN-β and IFN-stimulated genes. Taken together, our results reveal that NS1' plays a vital role in blocking type I IFN production to help JEV evade antiviral immunity and benefit viral replication.
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Barzon L, Palù G. Recent developments in vaccines and biological therapies against Japanese encephalitis virus. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:851-864. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1499721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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