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Malas O, Boustani NM, Duradoni M, Omotoso D, Avşar AŞ, Shyroka A, Colombini G, Blanch A. The Vaccination Fear Scale (VFS-6): Adaptation, Cross-Cultural Validation, and Invariance among Genders and Six Different Cultures, Applying Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:808-822. [PMID: 38667807 PMCID: PMC11049080 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a meaningful impact on several areas of human activity. With respect to psychological assessment, the requirements to study the fear of vaccination as a means to diminish negative behaviour towards vaccination had been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the factorial invariance of the six-item Vaccination Fear Scale (VFS-6) across individuals and cultures. To achieve this goal, a sample of university students was recruited (n = 2535; mean age = 20.59, SD = 2.04; males: 26.75%, females: 73.25%) from Spain (n = 388; 15.3%), Italy (n = 376; 14.83%), Lebanon (n = 487; 19.21%), Nigeria (n = 561; 22.13%), Turkey (n = 410; 16.17%), and Ukraine (n = 313; 12.34%). The results showed that the most appropriate factorial structure, exhibiting excellent fit indices, was a model with two correlated factors (cognitive symptoms: items 1, 2, and 4; somatic symptoms: items 3, 5, and 6) for both the total sample and individual samples from each country and language (Spanish, Italian, Arabic, English, Turkish, and Ukrainian). Notably, the VFS-6 demonstrated configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance across sex. Regarding countries and languages, configural invariance was observed between them. Also, metric invariance was observed between Spain, Italy, and Ukraine and between Lebanon, Nigeria, and Turkey, which indicates the presence of two well-differentiated groups of countries and the possibility of inferential analysis between them. Item Response Theory analysis suggested an appropriate level of discrimination and difficulty of the test. These significant findings lay the groundwork for future investigations into vaccination fear across diverse cultural backgrounds, providing valuable insights for addressing vaccination-related concerns worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Malas
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Social Work, University of Lleida, Avinguda de l’Estudi General, 4, 25001 Lleida, Spain
| | - Nada Mallah Boustani
- Faculty of Business and Management, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 17-5208 Mar Mikhael, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Mirko Duradoni
- Department of Education, Languages, Interculture, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi, 12, Building 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Dayo Omotoso
- Department of Human Anatomy, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232103, Nigeria
| | - Asiye Şengül Avşar
- Department of Measurement and Evaluation in Education, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Anastasiia Shyroka
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ukrainian Catholic University, Sventsitskogo 17, 79011 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Giulia Colombini
- Department of Education, Languages, Interculture, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi, 12, Building 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Angel Blanch
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Social Work, University of Lleida, Avinguda de l’Estudi General, 4, 25001 Lleida, Spain
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Akanpaabadai EA, Adiak AA, Nukpezah RN, Adokiya MN, Adjei SE, Boah M. Population-based cross-sectional study of factors influencing full vaccination status of children aged 12- 23 months in a rural district of the Upper East Region, Ghana. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:168. [PMID: 38459467 PMCID: PMC10921601 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving universal health coverage includes ensuring that children have access to vaccines that are of high quality, safe, efficacious, and affordable. The Immunisation Agenda 2030 aims to expand services to zero-dose and incompletely vaccinated children and reduce immunisation rate disparities as a contribution to vaccination equity. This study explored the factors influencing full vaccination status among children aged 12 - 23 months in a rural district of the Upper East Region of Ghana. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among carers of children aged 12 -23 months in the Kassena Nankana West district. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 360 carers. Information regarding the vaccination status of children was gathered through a combination of children's health record books and carers' recollections. Information on potential determinants was also systematically collected for analysis in Stata version 15.0. RESULTS The results showed that 76.9% (95% CI: 72.3 - 81.0) of children had full vaccinations per the national schedule. All children received at least one vaccination. A higher percentage of carers with incompletely vaccinated children reported that they had travelled with their children as the primary reason for missing certain vaccine doses. Full vaccination status was significantly associated with secondary (aOR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.20-5.63) and tertiary (aOR = 3.98, 95% CI: 1.34-11.84) maternal educational level, being in a partnership relationship (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.03-4.25), and residing in close proximity to healthcare facilities (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.21-0.80). CONCLUSIONS Our study found that nearly one-quarter of children aged 12-23 months in the study setting are underserved with vaccination services for a variety of reasons. Effectively reaching these children will require strengthening health systems, including eliminating vaccine shortages, addressing the unique challenges faced by unmarried women with children aged 12-23 months, and improving accessibility to vaccination services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruth Nimota Nukpezah
- School of Nursing and Midwifery University for Development Studies, Northern Region, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Martin Nyaaba Adokiya
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | | | - Michael Boah
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
- Center for Population Health, Institute of Global Health Equity Research, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda.
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Nerini A, Duradoni M, Matera C, Guazzini A, Paradisi M, Schembri A. Predictors of Vaccination Intentions and Behaviour during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:950. [PMID: 37998696 PMCID: PMC10669074 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research aimed at understanding individuals' vaccination intentions and protective behaviours against COVID-19 through two different studies. In Study 1 (N = 213, 73% women; mean age = 24.03) the Protection Motivation Theory model was tested considering the fear of COVID-19 as a possible mediator between threat appraisal (in terms of both health and social life) and intentions to get vaccinated when the vaccination was not yet available. Study 2 (N = 1111, 68.9% women; mean age = 38.33) was conducted when the vaccine became available for the entire population. Through this study, by adopting the 5C model of vaccine hesitancy as a theoretical framework, we aimed to understand how people who got vaccinated and the ones who did not differed, considering fear of vaccination, personality and vaccination hesitancy. In Study 1, social limitations, perceived severity and COVID-19 perceived vulnerability were significantly and positively related to fear of COVID-19. Contrary to what we expected, fear of COVID-19 was not a significant predictor of vaccination intention, which was predicted by both response efficacy and self-efficacy. In Study 2, in line with previous studies, vaccine hesitancy was negatively related to vaccination. More specifically, the social-oriented dimension of collective responsibility was the strongest predictor of effective behaviour. Our findings provide insights into the complexity of vaccine acceptance and emphasise the need for targeted interventions to promote vaccination and mitigate the spread of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nerini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Mirko Duradoni
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Camilla Matera
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrea Guazzini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Monica Paradisi
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Adriele Schembri
- School of Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy;
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Olulaja ON, Anjorin ET, Ekerin O, Afolabi OT, Inuojo JM. A looming epidemic: combating the recurrent outbreaks of diphtheria in Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:186. [PMID: 38020360 PMCID: PMC10656591 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.186.41328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nigeria has endured several diphtheria outbreaks over the last few decades, mirroring a suboptimal population immunity across several demographics within the country. The country's northern region has been affected mainly by this infectious disease; it directly depicts the effect of poor DPT vaccine uptake amongst children in this region compared to other geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Whilst pharmaceutical intervention and surveillance activities have commenced as directed by the NCDC, to combat this public health menace, top leaders of the Nigerian healthcare system - public and private sectors, must understudy the predisposing factors gearing the recurrence of diphtheria in Nigeria and provide robust, research-based and scientific mechanisms to arrest the root causes of the incessant outbreaks. This article discusses the factors promoting the recurrent diphtheria outbreaks in Nigeria, the preexisting interventions with their existential deterrents, and new strategies recommended to curb the further resurgence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi Nicholas Olulaja
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Studies, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States
| | - Emmanuel Temitope Anjorin
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olabode Ekerin
- Department of Population and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatoyosi Tolulope Afolabi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Studies, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States
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Ochnik D, Rogowska AM, Benatov J, Arzenšek A. Adaptation and Preliminary Validation of the Fear of Coronavirus Vaccination Scale in the Prospective Study among a Representative Sample of Polish, Israeli, Slovenian, and German Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811587. [PMID: 36141859 PMCID: PMC9517357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although concerns about harm and side effects are among the most important factors determining vaccine hesitancy, research on the fear of vaccination is sparse. The purpose of this study is a validation the Fear of Coronavirus Vaccination Scale (FoCVVS), adapted from the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. A representative sample of 1723 young adults aged 20-40 from Poland, Israel, Slovenia, and Germany participated during two time-points of the third COVID-19 pandemic wave. The online survey included demographic variables and several well-being dimensions, including gender, vaccination status, fear of coronavirus (FoCV-19S), physical health (GSRH), life satisfaction (SWLS), and perceived stress (PSS-10), anxiety (GAD-7), and depression (PHQ-9). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed at T1, and confirmatory analysis (CFA) at T2. The second-order two-factor structure demonstrated the best fit and very good discriminant and convergent validation. The general factor of the FoCVVS included two subscales assessing the emotional and physiological symptoms of fear of vaccination. Unvaccinated people showed higher levels of fear of vaccination than those vaccinated. A vaccination status, fear of vaccination T1, and fear of COVID-19 T1 were significant predictors of fear of vaccination T2. Vaccination-promoting programs should be focused on decreasing fear and enhancing the beneficial effects of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Ochnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Joy Benatov
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Ana Arzenšek
- Faculty of Management, University of Primorska, 6101 Koper, Slovenia
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Mahachi K, Kessels J, Boateng K, Jean Baptiste Achoribo AE, Mitula P, Ekeman E, Nic Lochlainn L, Rosewell A, Sodha SV, Abela-Ridder B, Gabrielli AF. Zero- or missed-dose children in Nigeria: Contributing factors and interventions to overcome immunization service delivery challenges. Vaccine 2022; 40:5433-5444. [PMID: 35973864 PMCID: PMC9485449 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive review of recent literature on zero- or missed-dose children in Nigeria. Risk factors are well-known and widely studied. Literature on interventions was scattered, and focussed on campaigns and polio. Gaps exist in investigating how to deliver sustainable immunization programs. Further work is needed to operationalise findings of this review.
'Zero-dose' refers to a person who does not receive a single dose of any vaccine in the routine national immunization schedule, while ‘missed dose’ refers to a person who does not complete the schedule. These people remain vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases, and are often already disadvantaged due to poverty, conflict, and lack of access to basic health services. Globally, more 22.7 million children are estimated to be zero- or missed-dose, of which an estimated 3.1 million (∼14 %) reside in Nigeria. We conducted a scoping review to synthesize recent literature on risk factors and interventions for zero- and missed-dose children in Nigeria. Our search identified 127 papers, including research into risk factors only (n = 66); interventions only (n = 34); both risk factors and interventions (n = 18); and publications that made recommendations only (n = 9). The most frequently reported factors influencing childhood vaccine uptake were maternal factors (n = 77), particularly maternal education (n = 22) and access to ante- and perinatal care (n = 19); heterogeneity between different types of communities – including location, region, wealth, religion, population composition, and other challenges (n = 50); access to vaccination, i.e., proximity of facilities with vaccines and vaccinators (n = 37); and awareness about immunization – including safety, efficacy, importance, and schedules (n = 18). Literature assessing implementation of interventions was more scattered, and heavily skewed towards vaccination campaigns and polio eradication efforts. Major evidence gaps exist in how to deliver effective and sustainable routine childhood immunization. Overall, further work is needed to operationalise the learnings from these studies, e.g. through applying findings to Nigeria’s next review of vaccination plans, and using this summary as a basis for further investigation and specific recommendations on effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurayi Mahachi
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | | | - Kofi Boateng
- Nigeria Country Office, World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Pamela Mitula
- Inter-Country Support Team, Regional Office for Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Ebru Ekeman
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Nic Lochlainn
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Rosewell
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samir V Sodha
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernadette Abela-Ridder
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Albis Francesco Gabrielli
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
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7
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Miao Y, Li Y, Zhang W, Wu J, Gu J, Wang M, Wei W, Ye B, Miao C, Tarimo CS, Dong W. The Psychological Experience of COVID-19 Vaccination and Its Impact on the Willingness to Receive Booster Vaccines among the Chinese Population: Evidence from a National Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095464. [PMID: 35564859 PMCID: PMC9100074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the psychological experience of COVID-19 basic vaccination, the willingness to receive booster vaccines, and to determine their relationships among Chinese people. Between 6 August 2021 and 9 August 2021, a research firm performed a national cross-sectional online survey among Chinese individuals (aged over 18), using the snowball sampling approach, with 26,755 participants. Factor analysis and binary logistic regression were used to evaluate the existing associations. The overall COVID-19 vaccination psychological experience score of the participants was 25.83 (25.78~25.89; scores ranged from 7–35). A total of 93.83% (95%CI = 93.54~94.12) of respondents indicated a willingness to receive booster vaccines. After classifying psychological experiences associated with COVID-19 vaccination into positive and negative experiences and adjusting for confounding factors, for the former, the willingness to receive booster vaccines for participants with the highest scores of 13–15 was 3.933 times higher (OR = 3.933, 95%CI = 3.176~4.871) than participants who obtained scores of 3–9, and for the latter, the willingness to receive booster vaccines for participants with the highest scores of 19–20 was 8.871 times higher (OR = 8.871, 95%CI = 6.240~12.612) than participants who obtained scores of 4–13. Our study suggests that a good psychological experience with vaccination is positively associated with an increased willingness to receive booster vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Miao
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (C.M.); (C.S.T.)
- Henan Research Center for HTA, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (C.M.); (C.S.T.)
- Henan Research Center for HTA, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wanliang Zhang
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (C.M.); (C.S.T.)
- Henan Research Center for HTA, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (C.M.); (C.S.T.)
- Henan Research Center for HTA, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jianqin Gu
- Research Center for Lifestyle Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (M.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (M.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Beizhu Ye
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (C.M.); (C.S.T.)
- Henan Research Center for HTA, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chengyuan Miao
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (C.M.); (C.S.T.)
- Henan Research Center for HTA, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Clifford Silver Tarimo
- Department of Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (B.Y.); (C.M.); (C.S.T.)
- Henan Research Center for HTA, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenyong Dong
- Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (M.W.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence: author: ; Tel.: +86-187-037-17579
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Kanma-Okafor O, Odusolu Y, Abayomi A, Shuaib F, Adeyeye M, Mustapha I, Ogboye S, Lajide D, Abdur-Razzaq H, Okafor U, Elemuwa U, Osibogun A. A qualitative analysis of the COVID-19 vaccination rollout in Lagos, Nigeria: Client and provider perspectives on the plan, the process and the progress. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000486. [PMID: 36962511 PMCID: PMC10021997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mass vaccination has proven useful in the control of COVID-19, though vaccine rollout has met major challenges. The learning curve of this process has been valuable. This qualitative study aimed to assess the plan, the process and the progress of the COVID-19 vaccination rollout in Lagos, Nigeria. This study was conducted at vaccination centers in eight of the 20 Local Government Areas in Lagos State from May to July 2021 among healthcare administrators, health workers and vaccine recipients. Data were collected by conducting three key informant interviews, 24 in-depth interviews and eight focus group discussions to explore the vaccination experiences of participants and the challenges facing the vaccination plan and process. The interviews and discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the thematic approach. The four-phased plan for the vaccine rollout was clear to all the key informants because the vaccination process was preceded by training. The process was strengthened by the electronic registration system, though riddled by the frequently unstable electronic and internet data capturing. This was mitigated by a stopgap manual registration and recording of client details. Challenges in the logistics of maintaining supplies of the disposable materials required for the vaccination process were overcome by the creativity of the health professionals. Vaccine hesitancy, fueled by misinformation, myths and misconceptions about the vaccine and its side effects, played a huge role in the community response. The reported vaccine side effects were mild; fever, headaches, pain at the injection site, excessive eating and sleepiness. Though the COVID-19 vaccination process appeared to have largely made progress, the future of vaccination in Nigeria is predicated upon a bottom-up approach to programmatic planning, health education and local vaccine production. Collaborations such as public-private partnerships have the potential of boosting vaccine provision for Nigeria's large population to ensure equitable access to vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluchi Kanma-Okafor
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Yetunde Odusolu
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Faisal Shuaib
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Moji Adeyeye
- National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Dayo Lajide
- Lagos State Ministry of Health, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Ukamaka Okafor
- Pharmacists Council of Nigeria, Lagos Office, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Uchenna Elemuwa
- National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Akin Osibogun
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
- Lagos State Primary Health Care Board, Lagos, Nigeria
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A Text Mining-Based Survey of Pre-Impressions of Medical Staff toward COVID-19 Vaccination in a Designated Medical Institution for Class II Infectious Diseases. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111282. [PMID: 34835212 PMCID: PMC8623688 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the pre-impressions of medical staff toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in a designated medical institution for class II infectious diseases in Sakaide, Japan using a text mining analysis. A total of 387 medical staff were surveyed on their pre-vaccination impressions toward the COVID-19 vaccine using an open-ended questionnaire from March 1st to 7th (the first survey) and from March 22nd to 28th (the second survey) at Sakaide City Hospital, Sakaide, Japan. A total of 296 people answered the question for the first time and 234 people answered for the second time among the 387 people. The vaccination rate was slightly lower for the younger generation than for the older generation. Before the first vaccination, the younger generation expressed concerns about side effects as well as a negative impact on pregnancy. However, before the second vaccination, there were fewer concerns regarding side effects and words of reassurance were also noted. Nurses expressed more opinions about side effects in both the first and second vaccinations than other medical staff. Concerns regarding side effects among medical staff decreased with the progression of COVID-19 vaccination. These data may provide useful information about the promotion of COVID-19 vaccination to the public, particularly in the young generation and women.
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Liu J, Lu S, Lu C. Exploring and Monitoring the Reasons for Hesitation with COVID-19 Vaccine Based on Social-Platform Text and Classification Algorithms. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101353. [PMID: 34683033 PMCID: PMC8544370 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is globally rampant, and it is the common goal of all countries to eliminate hesitation in taking the COVID-19 vaccine and achieve herd immunity as soon as possible. However, people are generally more hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccine than about other conventional vaccines, and exploring the specific reasons for hesitation with the COVID-19 vaccine is crucial. (2) Methods: this paper selected text data from a social platform to conduct qualitative analysis of the text to structure COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy reasons, and then conducted semiautomatic quantitative content analysis of the text through a supervised machine-learning method to classify them. (3) Results: on the basis of a large number of studies and news reports on vaccine hesitancy, we structured 12 types of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy reasons. Then, in the experiment, we conducted comparative analysis of three classifiers: support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and naive Bayes classifier (NBC). Results show that the SVM classification model with TF-IDF and SMOTE had the best performance. (4) Conclusions: our study structured 12 types of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy reasons through qualitative analysis, filling in the gaps of previous studies. At the same time, this work provides public health institutions with a monitoring tool to support efforts to mitigate and eliminate COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
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Nkereuwem OO, Kochhar S, Wariri O, Johm P, Ceesay A, Kinteh M, Kampmann B. The use of a speaking book® to enhance vaccine knowledge among caregivers in The Gambia: A study using qualitative and quantitative methods. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040507. [PMID: 34006021 PMCID: PMC7942236 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the usefulness of a Speaking Book (SB) as an educational tool for enhancing knowledge, understanding and recall of key vaccine-related information among caregivers in The Gambia, as well as its acceptability and relevance as a health promotion tool for caregivers and healthcare workers. DESIGN AND SETTING We developed a multimedia educational tool, the vaccine Speaking Book, which contained prerecorded information about vaccines provided in The Gambia's Expanded Programme on Immunization. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, we then conducted a sequential study assessing the use of this tool among caregivers andhealthcare workers in The Gambia.Participants200 caregivers attending primary healthcare centres in The Gambia for routine immunisation services for their infants, and 15 healthcare workers employed to provide immunisation services at these clinics. OUTCOME MEASURES We calculated the median knowledge scores on vaccine-related information obtained at baseline, 1-month and 3-month follow-up visits. Wilcoxon's matched-pairs signed-rank test was used to compare the difference in the median knowledge scores between baseline and 1-month, and between baseline and 3-month follow-up visits. RESULTS Of the 113 caregivers who participated, 104 (92%) completed all three study visits, 108 (95.6%) completed the baseline and 1-month follow-up visits, and 107 (94.7%) completed the baseline and 3-month follow-up visits. The median knowledge score increased from 6.0 (IQR 5.0-7.0) at baseline to 11.0 (IQR 8.0-14.0) at 1-month visit (p<0.001), and 15.0 (IQR 10.0-20.0) at 3-month visit (p<0.001). Qualitative results showed high acceptability and enthusiasm for the Speaking Book among both caregivers and healthcare workers. The Speaking Book was widely shared in the community and this facilitated communication with healthcare workers at the primary healthcare centres. CONCLUSIONS Context-specific and subject-specific Speaking Books are a useful communication and educational tool to increase caregiver vaccine knowledge in low/middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin O Nkereuwem
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Sonali Kochhar
- Global Health, Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India
- Global Health, University of Washington Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Oghenebrume Wariri
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Penda Johm
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Amie Ceesay
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Mamanding Kinteh
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
- The Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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