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Chen W, Wang Q, Tao H, Lu L, Zhou J, Wang Q, Huang W, Yang X. Subchondral osteoclasts and osteoarthritis: new insights and potential therapeutic avenues. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:499-512. [PMID: 38439665 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, and good therapeutic results are often difficult to obtain due to its complex pathogenesis and diverse causative factors. After decades of research and exploration of OA, it has been progressively found that subchondral bone is essential for its pathogenesis, and pathological changes in subchondral bone can be observed even before cartilage lesions develop. Osteoclasts, the main cells regulating bone resorption, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of subchondral bone. Subchondral osteoclasts regulate the homeostasis of subchondral bone through the secretion of degradative enzymes, immunomodulation, and cell signaling pathways. In OA, osteoclasts are overactivated by autophagy, ncRNAs, and Rankl/Rank/OPG signaling pathways. Excessive bone resorption disrupts the balance of bone remodeling, leading to increased subchondral bone loss, decreased bone mineral density and consequent structural damage to articular cartilage and joint pain. With increased understanding of bone biology and targeted therapies, researchers have found that the activity and function of subchondral osteoclasts are affected by multiple pathways. In this review, we summarize the roles and mechanisms of subchondral osteoclasts in OA, enumerate the latest advances in subchondral osteoclast-targeted therapy for OA, and look forward to the future trends of subchondral osteoclast-targeted therapies in clinical applications to fill the gaps in the current knowledge of OA treatment and to develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Chen
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Qiufei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Huaqiang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Lingfeng Lu
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
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Tao H, Tao Y, Yang C, Li W, Zhang W, Li X, Gu Y, Hong Y, Yang H, Liu Y, Yang X, Geng D. Gut Metabolite Urolithin A Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Senile Osteoporosis by Enhancing the Autophagy Capacity of Bone Marrow Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:875611. [PMID: 35645801 PMCID: PMC9135380 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Senile osteoporosis (SOP) is a systemic bone disease that is significantly associated with age and eventually leads to deteriorated bone strength and increased fracture risk. Urolithin A (Uro-A) is a gut microbiome-derived compound that is mainly produced from pomegranates and some nuts. Uro-A has attracted great attention in recent years in view of its protective effects on aging-related diseases, including muscle dysfunction, kidney disease and knee injury. However, its protective influence and possible mechanisms in senile osteoporosis remain unclear. Our study describes the beneficial effect of Uro-A on bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). The in vitro results demonstrated that Uro-A inhibited receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in BMMs in a concentration-dependent manner. Uro-A significantly reduced the expression of osteoclast-related genes and bone resorption. Mechanistically, we found that the autophagy ability of BMMs was significantly enhanced in the early stage of Uro-A treatment, accompanied by the activation of LC3 and Beclin 1. At the same time, this enhanced autophagy activity was maintained until the later stage after stimulation with RANKL. Furthermore, we found that the MARK signaling pathway was blocked by Uro-A treatment. In a mouse model of aging, Uro-A effectively inhibited bone loss in the proximal femur, spine and tibia of aging mice. These results indicated that Uro-A is a robust and effective treatment for preventing senile osteoporosis bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Anesthesiology Department, Suzhou Municipal Hospital (North District), Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, China
| | - Yujing Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital (North District), Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, China
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