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Li J, Ma C, Huang H, Liao H. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and osteoporosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1305040. [PMID: 38161591 PMCID: PMC10757610 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1305040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A few observational studies revealed that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was tightly connected with osteoporosis. However, the results of previous studies were inconsistent, and the causal effect of ALS on osteoporosis has not been investigated. To do so, the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method was employed to estimate the causality. Methods The instrumental variables (IVs) for ALS were selected from one GWAS summary dataset (27,205 ALS cases and 110,881 controls), and bone mineral density (BMD) in the femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine (LS), and forearm, extracted from another large-scale GWAS summary database (53,236 cases), were used as phenotypes for osteoporosis. Random-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were conducted to evaluate the causality. Sensitivity analyses were further performed to explore heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Results A total of 10 qualified SNPs were finally selected as proxies for ALS. The results of random effects from IVW revealed that ALS has no causal effect on FN-BMD (beta: -0.038, 95% CI: -0.090 to 0.015, SE: 0.027, p = 0.158), LS-BMD (beta: -0.015, 95% CI: -0.076 to 0.046, SE: 0.031, p = 0.629), and forearm BMD (beta: 0.044, 95% CI: -0.063 to 0.152, SE: 0.055, p = 0.418). These results were confirmed using the MR-Egger, weighted median, simple model, and weighted model. No heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion Contrary to previous observational studies, our study figured out that no causal effect existed between ALS and osteoporosis. The disparity in results is probably attributed to secondary effects such as physical inactivity and muscle atrophy caused by ALS.
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Ko FC, Jochum SB, Wilson BM, Adra A, Patel N, Lee H, Wilber S, Shaikh M, Forsyth C, Keshavarzian A, Swanson GR, Sumner DR. Colon epithelial cell-specific Bmal1 deletion impairs bone formation in mice. Bone 2023; 168:116650. [PMID: 36584784 PMCID: PMC9911378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock system regulates multiple metabolic processes, including bone metabolism. Previous studies have demonstrated that both central and peripheral circadian signaling regulate skeletal growth and homeostasis in mice. Disruption in central circadian rhythms has been associated with a decline in bone mineral density in humans and the global and osteoblast-specific disruption of clock genes in bone tissue leads to lower bone mass in mice. Gut physiology is highly sensitive to circadian disruption. Since the gut is also known to affect bone remodeling, we sought to test the hypothesis that circadian signaling disruption in colon epithelial cells affects bone. We therefore assessed structural, functional, and cellular properties of bone in 8 week old Ts4-Cre and Ts4-Cre;Bmal1fl/fl (cBmalKO) mice, where the clock gene Bmal1 is deleted in colon epithelial cells. Axial and appendicular trabecular bone volume was significantly lower in cBmalKO compared to Ts4-Cre 8-week old mice in a sex-dependent fashion, with male but not female mice showing the phenotype. Similarly, the whole bone mechanical properties were deteriorated in cBmalKO male mice. The tissue level mechanisms involved suppressed bone formation with normal resorption, as evidenced by serum markers and dynamic histomorphometry. Our studies demonstrate that colon epithelial cell-specific deletion of Bmal1 leads to failure to acquire trabecular and cortical bone in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Ko
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
| | - Sarah B Jochum
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Brittany M Wilson
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Amal Adra
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Hoomin Lee
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Sherry Wilber
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Christopher Forsyth
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Garth R Swanson
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - D Rick Sumner
- Department of Anatomy& Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
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Castillo EJ, Croft S, Jiron JM, Aguirre JI. Bone Structural, Biomechanical and Histomorphometric Characteristics of the Hindlimb Skeleton in the Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys palustris). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3133-3149. [PMID: 35090092 PMCID: PMC10394686 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) is a non-conventional laboratory rodent species used to model some human bone disorders. However, no studies have been conducted to characterize the postcranial skeleton. Therefore, we aimed to investigate age- and gender-related features of the hindlimb skeleton of this species. METHODS We used femurs and tibiae from 94 rats of both genders aged 4-28 wks. Bone mineral content (BMC), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and biomechanical properties were determined in femurs. In addition, bone histomorphometry of tibiae was conducted to assess bone cell activities and bone turnover over time. RESULTS Bone length, total metaphysis BMC and vBMD, mid-diaphyseal BMC and vBMD, cortical thickness, and cortical area progressively augmented with age. Whereas the increase in these parameters plateaued at age 16-22 wks in female rats, they continued to rise to age 28 wks in male rats. Furthermore, bone strength parameters increased with age, with few differences between genders. We also observed a rapid decrease in longitudinal growth between ages 4-16 wks. Whereas young rats had a greater bone formation rate and bone turnover, older rice rats had greater bone volume and trabecular thickness, with no differences between genders. CONCLUSIONS 1) Sexual dimorphism in the rice rat becomes grossly evident at age 16 wks; 2) the age-related increases in bone mass, structural cortical parameters, and in some biomechanical property parameters plateau at an older age in male than in female rats; and 3) bone growth and remodeling significantly decreased with age irrespective of the gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL
| | - S Croft
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL
| | - J M Jiron
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL
| | - J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL
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Caplliure-Llopis J, Escrivá D, Benlloch M, de la Rubia Ortí JE, Estrela JM, Barrios C. Poor Bone Quality in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2021; 11:599216. [PMID: 33391162 PMCID: PMC7775537 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.599216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Musculoskeletal functional deterioration in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is associated with an increase in bone fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of sex, ALS type, on bone quality in patients with ALS compared to healthy controls. The impact on bone health of the clinical status and some metabolic parameters was also analyzed in ALS patients. Methods: A series of 33 voluntary patients with ALS, and 66 healthy individuals matched in sex and age underwent assessment of bone mass quality using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus. Ultrasonic broadband attenuation (BUA), the speed of sound (SOS), stiffness index and T-score were measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) was estimated using standard equations. Apart from fat and muscle mass percentage determinations, clinical baseline measures in ALS patients included ALSFRS-R score, Barthel index for activities of daily living, pulmonary function measured using FVC, and muscular strength assessed by a modified MRC grading scale. Laboratory tests included serum calcium, 25-HO-cholecalciferol (Vitamin D), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), T4 and TSH. Results: All bone parameters evaluated were statistically significant lower in ALS patients than in healthy controls. ALS females showed significantly lower bone parameters than healthy females. According to the estimated BMD, there were 25 ALS patients (75.8%) and 36 (54.5%) healthy individuals showing an osteoporotic profile (BMD <0.700 g/cm2). Only 16.7% of the ALS females had T-scores indicative of healthy bones. There was no correlation between any of the clinical parameters analyzed and the bone QUS measurements. Vitamin D and TSH levels positively correlated with all the bone parameters. Conclusions: This study confirms that ALS patients, particularly females, exhibited deteriorated bone health as compared to healthy individuals. These structural bone changes were independent of ALS subtype and clinical status. Bone health in ALS patients seems to be related to certain metabolic parameters such as Vitamin D and TSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Caplliure-Llopis
- School of Doctorate, Valencia Catholic University, Valencia, Spain.,Primary Care Services, La Ribera University Hospital, Alzira, Spain
| | - Dolores Escrivá
- Intensive Care Unit, La Fe Polytechnic and University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Benlloch
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Valencia Catholic University, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Enrique de la Rubia Ortí
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Valencia Catholic University, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Barrios
- Institute of Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Valencia Catholic University, Valencia, Spain
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Mentis AFA, Bougea AM, Chrousos GP. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the endocrine system: Are there any further ties to be explored? AGING BRAIN 2021; 1:100024. [PMID: 36911507 PMCID: PMC9997134 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2021.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) belongs to the family of neurodegenerative disorders and is classified as fronto-temporal dementia (FTD), progressive muscular atrophy, primary lateral sclerosis, and pseudobulbar palsy. Even though endocrine dysfunction independently impacts the ALS-related survival rate, the complex connection between ALS and the endocrine system has not been studied in depth. Here we review earlier and recent findings on how ALS interacts with hormones a) of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, b) the thyroid gland, c) the pancreas, d) the adipose tissue, e) the parathyroid glands, f) the bones, g) the adrenal glands, and h) the gonads (ovaries and testes). Of note, endocrine issues should always be explored in patients with ALS, especially those with low skeletal muscle and bone mass, vitamin D deficiency, and decreased insulin sensitivity (diabetes mellitus). Because ALS is a progressively deteriorating disease, addressing any potential endocrine co-morbidities in patients with this malady is quite important for decreasing the overall ALS-associated disease burden. Importantly, as this burden is estimated to increase globally in the decades to follow, in part because of an increasingly aging population, it is high time for future multi-center, multi-ethnic studies to assess the link between ALS and the endocrine system in significantly larger patient populations. Last, the psychosocial stress experienced by patients with ALS and its psycho-neuro-endocrinological sequelae, including hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal dysregulation, should become an area of intensive study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios-Fotios A Mentis
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia M Bougea
- Memory & Movement Disorders Clinic, 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Kelly RR, Sidles SJ, LaRue AC. Effects of Neurological Disorders on Bone Health. Front Psychol 2020; 11:612366. [PMID: 33424724 PMCID: PMC7793932 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.612366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases, particularly in the context of aging, have serious impacts on quality of life and can negatively affect bone health. The brain-bone axis is critically important for skeletal metabolism, sensory innervation, and endocrine cross-talk between these organs. This review discusses current evidence for the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which various neurological disease categories, including autoimmune, developmental, dementia-related, movement, neuromuscular, stroke, trauma, and psychological, impart changes in bone homeostasis and mass, as well as fracture risk. Likewise, how bone may affect neurological function is discussed. Gaining a better understanding of brain-bone interactions, particularly in patients with underlying neurological disorders, may lead to development of novel therapies and discovery of shared risk factors, as well as highlight the need for broad, whole-health clinical approaches toward treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R. Kelly
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sara J. Sidles
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amanda C. LaRue
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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