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Garg P, Krishna M, Subbalakshmi AR, Ramisetty S, Mohanty A, Kulkarni P, Horne D, Salgia R, Singhal SS. Emerging biomarkers and molecular targets for precision medicine in cervical cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189106. [PMID: 38701936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer remains a significant global health burden, necessitating innovative approaches for improved diagnostics and personalized treatment strategies. Precision medicine has emerged as a promising paradigm, leveraging biomarkers and molecular targets to tailor therapy to individual patients. This review explores the landscape of emerging biomarkers and molecular targets in cervical cancer, highlighting their potential implications for precision medicine. By integrating these biomarkers into comprehensive diagnostic algorithms, clinicians can identify high-risk patients at an earlier stage, enabling timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. Furthermore, the identification of specific molecular targets has paved the way for the development of targeted therapies aimed at disrupting key pathways implicated in cervical carcinogenesis. In conclusion, the evolving landscape of biomarkers and molecular targets presents exciting opportunities for advancing precision medicine in cervical cancer. By harnessing these insights, clinicians can optimize treatment selection, enhance patient outcomes, and ultimately transform the management of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Garg
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Madhu Krishna
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ayalur Raghu Subbalakshmi
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sravani Ramisetty
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Atish Mohanty
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Horne
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Moshi JM, Ummelen M, Smedts F, Ramaekers FCS, Hopman AHN. Inhibition of cytosine 5-hydroxymethylation during progression of cancer precursor lesions in the uterine cervix. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297008. [PMID: 38635731 PMCID: PMC11025792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Methylation and hydroxymethylation of cytosine moieties in CpG islands of specific genes are epigenetic processes shown to be involved in the development of cervical (pre)neoplastic lesions. We studied global (hydroxy)methylation during the subsequent steps in the carcinogenic process of the uterine cervix by using immunohistochemical protocols for the detection of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in paraffin-embedded tissues of the normal epithelia and (pre)malignant lesions. This approach allowed obtaining spatially resolved information of (epi)genetic alterations for individual cell populations in morphologically heterogeneous tissue samples. The normal ectocervical squamous epithelium showed a high degree of heterogeneity for both modifications, with a major positivity for 5-mC in the basal and parabasal layers in the ectocervical region, while 5-hmC immunostaining was even more restricted to the cells in the basal layer. Immature squamous metaplasia, characterized by expression of SOX17, surprisingly showed a decrease of 5-hmC in the basal compartments and an increase in the more superficial layers of the epithelium. The normal endocervical glandular epithelium showed a strong immunostaining reactivity for both modifications. At the squamocolumnar junctions, a specific 5-hmC pattern was observed in the squamous epithelium, resembling that of metaplasia, with the typical weak to negative reaction for 5-hmC in the basal cell compartment. The reserve cells underlying the glandular epithelium were also largely negative for 5-hmC but showed immunostaining for 5-mC. While the overall methylation status remained relatively constant, about 20% of the high-grade squamous lesions showed a very low immunostaining reactivity for 5-hmC. The (pre)malignant glandular lesions, including adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and adenocarcinoma showed a progressive decrease of hydroxymethylation with advancement of the lesion, resulting in cases with regions that were negative for 5-hmC immunostaining. These data indicate that inhibition of demethylation, which normally follows cytosine hydroxymethylation, is an important epigenetic switch in the development of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobran M. Moshi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Monique Ummelen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Smedts
- Department of Pathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Frans C. S. Ramaekers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anton H. N. Hopman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Moshi JM, Ummelen M, Broers JLV, Ramaekers FCS, Hopman AHN. Impact of antigen retrieval protocols on the immunohistochemical detection of epigenetic DNA modifications. Histochem Cell Biol 2023:10.1007/s00418-023-02187-4. [PMID: 37010548 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
This study compares three different pretreatment protocols for the immunohistochemical detection of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in nuclear DNA. The human biological samples analyzed included formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) normal squamous epithelium, ethanol-fixed cultured cells, and metaphase chromosomes. The antigen retrieval methods included low pH Citrate and high pH Tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) protocols, as well as a method using Pepsin pretreatment combined with HCl for DNA denaturation. A gradual increase in the detection levels of 5-mC and 5-hmC was observed when going from Citrate via Tris/EDTA to Pepsin/HCl retrieval. While the Citrate retrieval protocol was the least efficient for the detection of 5-mC and 5-hmC, it did preserve nuclear morphology and enabled visualization of differences in intra- and internuclear distribution patterns in tissue and cell culture samples by single- and double-fluorescence detection. Quantification of (hydroxy)methylation levels in FFPE material demonstrated a significant heterogeneity and differences in 5-mC and 5-hmC levels within and between nuclei in the different compartments of normal squamous epithelium. It was concluded that immunohistochemical detection of 5-mC and 5-hmC enables the correlation of these DNA modifications with histomorphological features in heterogeneous tissues, but this is influenced by different pretreatment protocols that must be carefully chosen to allow an appropriate interpretation of these epigenetic switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobran M Moshi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Monique Ummelen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos L V Broers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans C S Ramaekers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anton H N Hopman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Hydroxymethylation and Epigenetic Drugs: New Insights into the Diagnosis and Treatment in Epigenetics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:5449443. [PMID: 36816356 PMCID: PMC9934982 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5449443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal and heterogeneous malignancy with multiple genetic alternations and complex signaling pathways. The complexity and multifactorial nature of HCC pose a tremendous challenge regarding its diagnosis and treatment. Emerging evidence has indicated an important regulatory role of epigenetic modifications in HCC initiation and progression. Epigenetic modifications are stably heritable gene expression traits caused by changing the accessibility of chromatin structure and genetic activity without alteration in the DNA sequence and have been gradually recognized as a hallmark of cancer. In addition, accumulating data suggest a potential value of altered hydroxymethylation in epigenetic modifications and therapeutics targeting the epigenetically mediated regulation. As such, probing the epigenetic field in the era of precision oncology is a valid avenue for promoting the accuracy of early diagnosis and improving the oncological prognosis of HCC patients. This review focuses on the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of 5-hydroxymethylated cytosine, the primary intermediate product of the demethylation process, for early HCC diagnosis and discusses the promising applications of epigenetic-based therapeutic regimens for HCC.
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Multi-Omics Approaches in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Diagnosis, Recent Updates and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225545. [PMID: 36428637 PMCID: PMC9688479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is common Cancer as well as the third leading cause of mortality around the world; its exact molecular mechanism remains elusive. Although CRC risk is significantly correlated with genetic factors, the pathophysiology of CRC is also influenced by external and internal exposures and their interactions with genetic factors. The field of CRC research has recently benefited from significant advances through Omics technologies for screening biomarkers, including genes, transcripts, proteins, metabolites, microbiome, and lipidome unbiasedly. A promising application of omics technologies could enable new biomarkers to be found for the screening and diagnosis of CRC. Single-omics technologies cannot fully understand the molecular mechanisms of CRC. Therefore, this review article aims to summarize the multi-omics studies of Colorectal cancer, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, microbiomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics that may shed new light on the discovery of novel biomarkers. It can contribute to identifying and validating new CRC biomarkers and better understanding colorectal carcinogenesis. Discovering biomarkers through multi-omics technologies could be difficult but valuable for disease genotyping and phenotyping. That can provide a better knowledge of CRC prognosis, diagnosis, and treatments.
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Santos RDS, Hirth CG, Pinheiro DP, Bezerra MJB, Silva-Fernandes IJDL, Paula DSD, Alves APNN, Moraes Filho MOD, Moura ADAA, Lima MVA, Pessoa CDÓ, Furtado CLM. HPV infection and 5mC/5hmC epigenetic markers in penile squamous cell carcinoma: new insights into prognostics. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:133. [PMID: 36284309 PMCID: PMC9597985 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penile cancer is one of the most aggressive male tumors. Although it is preventable, the main etiologic causes are lifestyle behaviors and viral infection, such as human papillomavirus (HPV). Long-term epigenetic changes due to environmental factors change cell fate and promote carcinogenesis, being an important marker of prognosis. We evaluated epidemiological aspects of penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the prevalence of HPV infection using high-risk HPV (hrHPV) and p16INK4A expression of 224 participants. Global DNA methylation was evaluated through 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). RESULTS The incidence of HPV was 53.2% for hrHPV and 22.32% for p16INK4a. hrHPV was not related to systemic or lymph node metastasis and locoregional recurrence, nor influenced the survival rate. P16INK4a seems to be a protective factor for death, which does not affect metastasis or tumor recurrence. Lymph node and systemic metastases and locoregional recurrence increase the risk of death. An increased 5mC mark was observed in penile SCC regardless of HPV infection. However, there is a reduction of the 5hmC mark for p16INK4a + (P = 0.024). Increased 5mC/5hmC ratio (> 1) was observed in 94.2% of penile SCC, irrespective of HPV infection. Despite the increase in 5mC, it seems not to affect the survival rate (HR = 1.06; 95% CI 0.33-3.38). CONCLUSIONS P16INK4a seems to be a good prognosis marker for penile SCC and the increase in 5mC, an epigenetic mark of genomic stability, may support tumor progression leading to poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan da Silva Santos
- grid.8395.70000 0001 2160 0329Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Pascoalino Pinheiro
- grid.8395.70000 0001 2160 0329Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dayrine Silveira de Paula
- grid.8395.70000 0001 2160 0329Department of Dental Clinic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes Alves
- grid.8395.70000 0001 2160 0329Drug Research and Development Center, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil ,grid.8395.70000 0001 2160 0329Department of Dental Clinic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho
- grid.8395.70000 0001 2160 0329Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil ,grid.8395.70000 0001 2160 0329Drug Research and Development Center, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Venício Alves Lima
- Laboratory of Pathology, Cancer Institute of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil ,Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cancer Institute of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Claudia do Ó Pessoa
- grid.8395.70000 0001 2160 0329Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Libardi Miranda Furtado
- grid.8395.70000 0001 2160 0329Drug Research and Development Center, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil ,grid.412275.70000 0004 4687 5259Experimental Biology Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Dugina VB, Shagieva GS, Kopnin PB. Cytoplasmic Beta and Gamma Actin Isoforms Reorganization and Regulation in Tumor Cells in Culture and Tissue. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895703. [PMID: 35721191 PMCID: PMC9204531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic actin isoforms (β- and γ-actins) contribute greatly to cellular processes such as cel-cell and cell-matrix interactions, as well as cell polarization, motility and division. Distinct isoforms modulations are linked to serious pathologies, so investigations of underlying mechanisms would be of major relevance not only for fundamental research but also for clinical applications. Therefore, the study of the relevant mechanisms of change in the isoform’s balance is important for basic research and for clinical studies. The disruption of actin cytoskeleton and intercellular adhesions contribute to the neoplastic transformation, as it is important for the tumor growth, invasiveness and metastasis. Cytoplasmic actins display the functional diversity: β-actin is responsible for contractility, whereas γ-actin participates in the submembrane flexible cortex organization and direction cell motility. The involvement of β- and γ-actin in cell architecture, motility, division, and adhesion junctions in normal cells is not equivalent, and the major question was following: whether isoform ratio and the distribution in the cell corresponds to pathological function. Significant data were obtained in the study of tumor and normal cells in culture, as well as on clinical material of human tissues, and via selective regulation of β- and γ-actin’s expression. Investigation of the actins’ diversity and function in cancers may help to choose the benefit treatment strategies, and to design new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. B. Dugina
- A.N. Belozerskiy Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. S. Shagieva
- A.N. Belozerskiy Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - P. B. Kopnin
- Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: P. B. Kopnin,
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Xie Z, Wang Q, Hu S. Coordination of PRKCA/PRKCA-AS1 interplay facilitates DNA methyltransferase 1 recruitment on DNA methylation to affect protein kinase C alpha transcription in mitral valve of rheumatic heart disease. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5904-5915. [PMID: 34482802 PMCID: PMC8806685 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1971482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, mitral valve tissues from three mitral stenosis patients with RHD by valve replacement and two healthy donors were harvested and conducted DNA methylation signature on PRKCA by MeDIP-qPCR. The presence of hypomethylated CpG islands at promoter and 5' terminal of PRKCA was observed in RHD accompanied with highly expressed PRKCA and down-regulated antisense long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PRKCA-AS1 compared to health control. Furthermore, the enrichments of DNMT1/3A/3B on PRKCA were detected by ChIP-qPCR assay in vivo and in human cardiomyocyte AC16 and RL-14 cells exposed to TNF-α in vitro, and both demonstrated that DNMT1 substantially contributed to DNA methylation. Additionally, PRKCA-AS1 was further determined to bind with promoter of PRKCA via 5' terminal and interact with DNMT1 via 3' terminal. Taken together, our results illuminated a novel regulatory mechanism of DNA methylation on regulating PRKCA transcription through lncRNA PRKCA-AS1, and shed light on the molecular pathogenesis of RHD occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai City, China
| | - Qianli Wang
- Cardiovascular Surgery Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai City, China
| | - Shaojuan Hu
- Cardiovascular Surgery Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai City, China
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Han Y, Ji L, Guan Y, Ma M, Li P, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Huang W, Gong Y, Jiang L, Wang X, Xie H, Zhou B, Wang J, Wang J, Han J, Deng Y, Yi X, Gao F, Huang J. An epigenomic landscape of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer using single-base resolution methylome and hydroxymethylome. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e498. [PMID: 34323415 PMCID: PMC8288011 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) is the second leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression through DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation plays a pivotal role during tumorigenesis. In this study, to analyze the epigenomic landscape and identify potential biomarkers for CCs, we selected a series of samples from normal to cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CINs) to CCs and performed an integrative analysis of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS-seq), oxidative WGBS, RNA-seq, and external histone modifications profiling data. RESULTS In the development and progression of CC, there were genome-wide hypo-methylation and hypo-hydroxymethylation, accompanied by local hyper-methylation and hyper-hydroxymethylation. Hydroxymethylation prefers to distribute in the CpG islands and CpG shores, as displayed a trend of gradual decline from health to CIN2, while a trend of increase from CIN3 to CC. The differentially methylated and hydroxymethylated region-associated genes both enriched in Hippo and other cancer-related signaling pathways that drive cervical carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we identified eight novel differentially methylated/hydroxymethylated-associated genes (DES, MAL, MTIF2, PIP5K1A, RPS6KA6, ANGEL2, MPP, and PAPSS2) significantly correlated with the overall survival of CC. In addition, no any correlation was observed between methylation or hydroxymethylation levels and somatic copy number variations in CINs and CCs. CONCLUSION Our current study systematically delineates the map of methylome and hydroxymethylome from CINs to CC, and some differentially methylated/hydroxymethylated-associated genes can be used as the potential epigenetic biomarkers in CC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Centre for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Yanfang Guan
- Department of Computer Science and TechnologySchool of Electronic and Information EngineeringXi'an Jiao Tong UniversityXi'anChina
- GenePlus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | | | | | - Yinge Xue
- Shanghai FLY Medical LaboratoryShanghaiChina
| | | | - Wanqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Centre for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Li Jiang
- The Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyXinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xipeng Wang
- The Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyXinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Xie
- The Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Boping Zhou
- The Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Jiayin Wang
- Department of Computer Science and TechnologySchool of Electronic and Information EngineeringXi'an Jiao Tong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Junwen Wang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Jinghua Han
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Yuliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Centre for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Yi
- GenePlus‐BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Fei Gao
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
- Comparative Pediatrics and NutritionDepartment of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Centre for Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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Suresh R, Diaz RJ. The remodelling of actin composition as a hallmark of cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101051. [PMID: 33761369 PMCID: PMC8008238 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin is a key structural protein that makes up the cytoskeleton of cells, and plays a role in functions such as division, migration, and vesicle trafficking. It comprises six different cell-type specific isoforms: ACTA1, ACTA2, ACTB, ACTC1, ACTG1, and ACTG2. Abnormal actin isoform expression has been reported in many cancers, which led us to hypothesize that it may serve as an early biomarker of cancer. We show an overview of the different actin isoforms and highlight mechanisms by which they may contribute to tumorigenicity. Furthermore, we suggest how the aberrant expression of actin subunits can confer cells with greater proliferation ability, increased migratory capability, and chemoresistance through incorporation into the normal cellular F-actin network and altered actin binding protein interaction. Studying this fundamental change that takes place within cancer cells can further our understanding of neoplastic transformation in multiple tissue types, which can ultimately aid in the early-detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Suresh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roberto J Diaz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Koval AP, Blagodatskikh KA, Kushlinskii NE, Shcherbo DS. The Detection of Cancer Epigenetic Traces in Cell-Free DNA. Front Oncol 2021; 11:662094. [PMID: 33996585 PMCID: PMC8118693 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.662094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid fragments found in blood circulation originate mostly from dying cells and carry signs pointing to specific features of the parental cell types. Deciphering these clues may be transformative for numerous research and clinical applications but strongly depends on the development and implementation of robust analytical methods. Remarkable progress has been achieved in the reliable detection of sequence alterations in cell-free DNA while decoding epigenetic information from methylation and fragmentation patterns requires more sophisticated approaches. This review discusses the currently available strategies for detecting and analyzing the epigenetic marks in the liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia P Koval
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Blagodatskikh
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Kushlinskii
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Medical Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Shcherbo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Dang Y, Hu D, Xu J, Li C, Tang Y, Yang Z, Liu Y, Zhou W, Zhang L, Xu H, Xu Y, Ji G. Comprehensive analysis of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in zw10 kinetochore protein as a promising biomarker for screening and diagnosis of early colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e125. [PMID: 32628818 PMCID: PMC7418801 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a new epigenetic biomarker, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is broadly involved in various diseases including cancers. However, the function and diagnostic performance of 5hmC in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. RESULTS High-throughput sequencing was used to profile 5hmC levels in adjacent normal colon, advanced adenomas, and CRC. The expression and 5hmC levels in zw10 kinetochore protein (ZW10) were significantly increased in the tissues and blood samples for patients with advanced adenoma and CRC, and were much higher in the early stages of CRC (I and II). The receiver operating characteristic analysis had potential diagnostic value for CRC. The area under the curve (AUC) of ZW10 5hmC levels in tissue samples of CRC was 0.901. In blood samples, the AUC was 0.748 for CRC. In addition, the ZW10 5hmC level had much higher diagnostic performance in early stages of CRC (AUC = 0.857) than it did in advanced stages (AUC = 0.594). Compared with FHC cell, ZW10 expression in HT29 cell was significantly increased. The ZW10 knockdown could inhibit cell proliferation and the ZW10 overexpression could promote cell proliferation in HT-29 cell. Furthermore, ZW10 knockdown inhibited AKT and mTOR phosphorylation, and ZW10 overexpression promoted AKT and mTOR phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS The ZW10 5hmC level may serve as an effective epigenetic biomarker for minimally invasive screening and diagnosis of CRC, and it has higher diagnostic performance in early stages of CRC than it does in advanced stages. In addition, ZW10 could regulate CRC progression through the AKT-mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Dang
- Institute of Digestive DiseasesLonghua HospitalChina‐Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD)Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Digestive DiseasesLonghua HospitalChina‐Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD)Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSeventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jingjuan Xu
- Institute of Digestive DiseasesLonghua HospitalChina‐Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD)Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chunlin Li
- Institute of Digestive DiseasesLonghua HospitalChina‐Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD)Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yingjue Tang
- Institute of Digestive DiseasesLonghua HospitalChina‐Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD)Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- Institute of Digestive DiseasesLonghua HospitalChina‐Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD)Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Digestive Endoscopy DepartmentLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of General SurgeryLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive DiseasesLonghua HospitalChina‐Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD)Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive DiseasesLonghua HospitalChina‐Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD)Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive DiseasesLonghua HospitalChina‐Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD)Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yangxian Xu
- Department of General SurgeryLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive DiseasesLonghua HospitalChina‐Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD)Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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13
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Zhu H, Zhu H, Tian M, Wang D, He J, Xu T. DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation in Cervical Cancer: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment. Front Genet 2020; 11:347. [PMID: 32328088 PMCID: PMC7160865 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries have led to the development of novel ideas and techniques that have helped elucidate the correlation between epigenetics and tumor biology. Nowadays, the field of tumor genetics has evolved to include a new type of regulation by epigenetics. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the importance of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in specific genes in the progression of cervical cancer. Determining the methylation and hydroxymethylation profiles of these genes will help in the early prevention and diagnosis, monitoring recurrence, prognosis, and treatment of patients with cervical cancer. In this review, we focus on the significance of aberrant DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in cervical cancer and the use of these epigenetic signatures in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxing He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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