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Ren Z, Li M, Chen J, Gong X, Song S, Li D, Yang M, Yu J, Asghar S, Cui Y, Niu S, Liao Z, Jiang Y, Liu J, Li Y, Zhang B, Zhao W, Peng J, Yang Y, Shen C. Identification of mpox M1R and B6R monoclonal and bispecific antibodies that efficiently neutralize authentic mpox virus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2401931. [PMID: 39233480 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2401931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
In 2022, the monkeypox virus (mpox virus, MPXV) exhibited global dissemination across six continents, representing a notable challenge owing to the scarcity of targeted antiviral interventions. Passive immunotherapy, such as the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), has emerged as a promising option for antiviral regimens. Here, we generated several mAbs against M1R and B6R of MPXV, and subsequently characterized the antiviral activity of these antibodies both in vitro and in vivo. Two neutralizing mAbs, M1H11 and M3B2, targeting M1R, and one B6R-specific mAb, B7C9, were identified. They exhibited varying antiviral efficacy against vaccinia virus (VACV) in vitro and in vivo. A cocktail comprising M1H11 and M3B2 demonstrated a superior protective effect in vivo. A bsAb, Bis-M1M3, was engineered by conjugating the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of the human-mouse chimeric engineered M1H11 with the single-chain fragment variable (scFv) of M3B2. In mice challenged with MPXV, Bis-M1M3 showed a notable protective effects. Analysis of neutralization mechanism showed that these mAbs and Bis-M1M3 exerted virus-neutralizing effects before the virus infects cells. In vivo pharmacokinetic experiments showed that Bis-M1M3 has a long half-life in rhesus macaques. This study provides crucial insights for further research on broad-spectrum antiviral drugs against MPXV and other orthopoxviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuning Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjun Li
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayin Chen
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Delin Li
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Yang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Yu
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sadia Asghar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yanxin Cui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Niu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghui Liao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushan Jiang
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Li
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhang
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Shen
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Southern Medical University, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China
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Hou R, Jiang Q, Cheng M, Dai J, Yang H, Yuan J, Li X, Tang X, Yu H. Identification of neutralizing antibodies against monkeypox virus using high-throughput sequencing of A35 +H3L +B cells from patients with convalescent monkeypox. Virus Res 2024; 347:199437. [PMID: 39002567 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The global monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in 2022 emphasizes the urgent need for effective and accessible new-generation vaccines and neutralizing antibodies. Herein, we identified MPXV-neutralizing antibodies using high-throughput single-cell RNA and V(D)J sequencing of antigen-sorted B cells from patients with convalescent monkeypox. IgG1-expressing B cells were obtained from 34 paired heavy- and light-chain B cell receptor sequences. Subsequently, three potent neutralizing antibodies, MV127, MV128, and MV129, were identified and reacted with the MPXV A35 protein. Among these, MV129, which has a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 2.68μg/mL against authentic MPXV, was considered to be the putative candidates for MPXV neutralization in response to monkeypox disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitian Hou
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510440, China.; Guangzhou National Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiwei Jiang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Meiling Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.; Guangzhou National Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Huiqin Yang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Jiao Yuan
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China.; GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Xiaoping Tang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510440, China..
| | - Haisheng Yu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510440, China..
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3
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Kaur A, Kumar A, Kumari G, Muduli R, Das M, Kundu R, Mukherjee S, Majumdar T. Rational design and computational evaluation of a multi-epitope vaccine for monkeypox virus: Insights into binding stability and immunological memory. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36154. [PMID: 39247273 PMCID: PMC11380015 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-epitope vaccines strategically tackle rapidly mutating viruses by targeting diverse epitopes from different proteins, providing a comprehensive and adaptable immune protection approach for enhanced coverage against various viral variants. This research employs a comprehensive approach that includes the mapping of immune cells activating epitopes derived from the six structural glycoproteins (A29L, A30L, A35R, L1R, M1R, and E8L) of Monkeypox virus (Mpox). A total of 7 T-cells-specific epitopes, 13 B-cells-specific epitopes, and 5 IFN-γ activating epitopes were forecasted within these glycoproteins. The selection process focused on epitopes indicating high immunogenicity and favorable binding affinity with multiple MHC alleles. Following this, a vaccine has been formulated by incorporating the chosen epitopes, alongside adjuvants (PADRE peptide) and various linkers (EAAAK, GPGPG, and AAY). The physicochemical properties and 3D structure of the multi-epitope hybrid vaccine were analysed for characterization. MD simulations were employed to predict the binding stability between the vaccine and various pathogen recognition receptors such as TLRs (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6), as well as both class I and II MHC, achieved through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Through in silico cloning and immune simulation, it was observed that the multi-epitopes vaccine induced a robust memory immune response upon booster doses, forecasting protective immunity upon viral challenge. This protective immunity was characterized by the production of IgM + IgG antibodies, along with release of inflammatory cytokines like IFN-γ, and IL12, and the activation of various immune cells. This study offers valuable insights into the potential of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting the Mpox virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Mayami Das
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kundu
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
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He L, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Chen L, Yu K, Li L, Jia Q, Wang Y, Ni J, Wang C, Li Q, Zhai X, Zhao J, Liu Y, Fan R, Li YP. Development of Broad-Spectrum Nanobodies for the Therapy and Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Multiple Variants. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3866-3879. [PMID: 38920116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The continuous evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evaded the efficacy of previously developed antibodies and vaccines, thus remaining a significant global public health threat. Therefore, it is imperative to develop additional antibodies that are capable of neutralizing emerging variants. Nanobodies, as the smallest functional single-domain antibodies, exhibit enhanced stability and penetration ability, enabling them to recognize numerous concealed epitopes that are inaccessible to conventional antibodies. Herein, we constructed an immune library based on the immunization of alpaca with the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, from which two nanobodies, Nb1 and Nb2, were selected using phage display technology for further characterization. Both nanobodies, with the binding residues residing within the receptor-binding domain (RBD) region of the spike, exhibited high affinity toward the S1 subunit. Moreover, they displayed cross-neutralizing activity against both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and 10 ο variants, including BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.5, BA.2.75, BF.7, BQ.1, EG.5.1, XBB.1.5, and JN.1. Molecular modeling and dynamics simulations predicted that both nanobodies interacted with the viral RBD through their complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) and CDR2. These two nanobodies are novel tools for the development of therapeutic and diagnostic countermeasures targeting SARS-CoV-2 variants and potentially emerging coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102618, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102618, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Leibin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102618, China
| | - Qiong Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yanqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jianqiang Ni
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102618, China
| | - Chuanbin Wang
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102618, China
| | - Qi Li
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102618, China
| | - Xinyan Zhai
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102618, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102618, China
| | - Ruiwen Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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5
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Moraes-Cardoso I, Benet S, Carabelli J, Perez-Zsolt D, Mendoza A, Rivero A, Alemany A, Descalzo V, Alarcón-Soto Y, Grifoni A, Sette A, Moltó J, Marc A, Marks M, Mitjà O, Brander C, Paredes R, Izquierdo-Useros N, Carrillo J, Suñer C, Olvera A, Mothe B. Immune responses associated with mpox viral clearance in men with and without HIV in Spain: a multisite, observational, prospective cohort study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:100859. [PMID: 38857615 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the emergence of the global mpox outbreak in May, 2022, more than 90 000 cases have been diagnosed across 110 countries, disproportionately affecting people with HIV. The durability of mpox-specific immunity is unclear and reinfections have been reported. We aimed to compare mpox immune responses up to 6 months after diagnosis in participants with and without HIV and assess their effect on disease severity and viral clearance dynamics. METHODS This study was embedded within a prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study of viral clearance dynamics among people with mpox in Spain (MoViE). We included women and men aged 18 years or older, who had signs of mpox, and reported having symptom onset within the previous 10 days at the moment of mpox diagnosis from three sex clinics of the Barcelona metropolitan area. Samples from skin ulcers were collected weekly to estimate the time to clear monkeypox virus (MPXV) from skin lesions. Blood samples were taken at diagnosis, 29, 91, and 182 days later for immune analysis. This included quantifying IgG and IgA against three mpox antigens by ELISA, evaluating in-vitro neutralisation, and characterising mpox-specific T-cell responses using interferon γ detecting enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay and multiparametric flow cytometry. FINDINGS Of the 77 originally enrolled participants, we included 33 participants recruited between July 19, and Oct 6, 2022. Participants without HIV (19 [58%] participants) and participants with HIV (14 [42%] participants) had similar clinical severity and time to MPXV clearance in skin lesions. Participants with HIV had a CD4+ T-cell count median of 777 cells per μL (IQR 484-1533), and 11 (78%) of 14 were virally suppressed on antiretroviral therapy. Nine (27%) of 33 participants were age 49 years or older. 15 (45%) of 33 participants were originally from Spain, and all participants were men. Early humoral responses, particularly concentrations and breadth of IgG and IgA, were associated with milder disease and faster viral clearance. Orthopoxvirus-specific T cells count was also positively correlated with MPXV clearance. Antibody titres declined more rapidly in participants with HIV, but T-cell responses against MPXV were sustained up to day 182 after diagnosis, regardless of HIV status. INTERPRETATION Higher breadth and magnitude of B-cell and T-cell responses are important in facilitating local viral clearance, limiting mpox dissemination, and reducing disease severity in individuals with preserved immune system. Antibodies appear to contribute to early viral control and T-cell responses are sustained over time, which might contribute to milder presentations during reinfection. FUNDING Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions, IrsiCaixa, and Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación e Universidades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Moraes-Cardoso
- IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Benet
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Fundació Lluita contra les infeccions, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | - Adrià Mendoza
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Fundació Lluita contra les infeccions, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; BCNCheckpoint-Projecte dels Noms, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Rivero
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Fundació Lluita contra les infeccions, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; BCNCheckpoint-Projecte dels Noms, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Alemany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Fundació Lluita contra les infeccions, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Vicente Descalzo
- Drassanes Vall d'Hebron Centre for International Health and Infectious Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - José Moltó
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Fundació Lluita contra les infeccions, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Michael Marks
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Hospital for Tropical Diseases and Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Oriol Mitjà
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Fundació Lluita contra les infeccions, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain; Disease Control and Surveillance Branch, National Department of Health, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea; Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain; Institución Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Paredes
- IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Fundació Lluita contra les infeccions, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain; Department of Pathology, Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Suñer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Fundació Lluita contra les infeccions, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alex Olvera
- IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain; Biosciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Fundació Lluita contra les infeccions, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain.
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6
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Zhu W, Zhang M, Zhang M, Jing R, Zhou J, Cao H, Liu C, Zhu H, Ghonaim AH, Rouby SR, Li W. The Generation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against the MPXV A29L Protein. Viruses 2024; 16:1184. [PMID: 39205158 PMCID: PMC11360246 DOI: 10.3390/v16081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), a DNA virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus, in the Poxviridae family. The disease constitutes a moderate risk to public health at the global level. The MPXV A29L protein plays a crucial role in coordinating virion assembly and facilitating important virus-host interactions. This study focused on the expression, purification, and recombinant protein synthesis of the A29L protein of MPXV using prokaryotic systems. Using hybridoma technology, we successfully generated the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 1E12 and 4B2, which specifically recognize the A29L protein. These mAbs were found to be suitable for use in indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA), Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation (IP). Our investigation also revealed that mAbs 1E12 and 4B2 could detect the A27L protein, a homologous protein found in the vaccinia virus Western Reserve (VACV WR) strain, using IFA, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation (IP). Using mAbs 1E12 and 4B2 as primary immunological probes, A27L protein expression was detected as early as 6 h postinfection with VACV WR, with increasing protein levels being observed throughout the infection. This study enhances our understanding of the protein structure and function of MPXV and contributes to the development of specific MPXV detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.J.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (C.L.); (H.Z.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Mengjia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.J.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (C.L.); (H.Z.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.J.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (C.L.); (H.Z.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Ran Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.J.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (C.L.); (H.Z.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jiaru Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.J.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (C.L.); (H.Z.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Hua Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.J.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (C.L.); (H.Z.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Changcheng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.J.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (C.L.); (H.Z.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.J.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (C.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ahmed H. Ghonaim
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Desert Research Center, Cairo 11435, Egypt
| | - Sherin R. Rouby
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Wentao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (R.J.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (C.L.); (H.Z.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China;
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7
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Song S, Ren Z, Chen J, Li M, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zhang B, Lu H, Zhao W, Shen C, Yang Y. Analysis of binding and authentic virus-neutralizing activities of immune sera induced by various monkeypox virus antigens. Immunol Res 2024:10.1007/s12026-024-09499-0. [PMID: 38829493 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Monkeypox cases continue to increase globally, and there is an urgent need to develop a highly effective vaccine against monkeypox. This study investigated the binding and authentic-virus neutralizing activities of sera from mice immunized with EEV (extracellularly enveloped viruses) antigens B6R and A35R, and IMV (intrinsic material viruses) antigens M1R, A29L, E8L, and H3L against monkeypox virus. The results showed that immunizations of A35R and E8L could only induce lower titers of binding antibodies, in contrast, immunization of M1R induced the highest titers of binding antibodies, while immunization of B6R, H3L, and A29L induced moderate titers of binding antibodies. For the live monkeypox virus neutralization assay, the results showed that immunization with two doses of EEV antigen B6R did not effectively induce humoral immune responses to neutralize monkeypox live virus, immunization with EEV-A35R only induced weak monkeypox-neutralizing antibodies. In contrast, the immunization of the four types of monkeypox virus IMV antigens can all induce neutralizing antibodies against authentic monkeypox virus, among them, A29L and H3L induced the highest neutralizing antibody titers. The results of this study provide important references for the selection of antigens in the development of the next generation of monkeypox vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuning Ren
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayin Chen
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjun Li
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushan Jiang
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhang
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenguang Shen
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Cheng L, Yang L, Wang M, Peng Y, Wang H, Yang X, Zhao J, Zhang M, Wang F, Zhang Z. Isolation and characterization of mpox virus from the first mpox case in Shenzhen, China. Virol Sin 2024; 39:335-337. [PMID: 38246239 PMCID: PMC11074633 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
•We reported the first MPXV strain hMpxV/China/SZ-SZTH42/2023 isolated in southern China. •The isolate SZTH42 belongs to C.1 lineage of clade IIb, representing the currently prevalent IIb branch strain worldwide. •This study provides key resources and technical platforms for the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Yabo Peng
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Yang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China.
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9
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Chi H, Zhao SQ, Chen RY, Suo XX, Zhang RR, Yang WH, Zhou DS, Fang M, Ying B, Deng YQ, Qin CF. Rapid development of double-hit mRNA antibody cocktail against orthopoxviruses. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:69. [PMID: 38531869 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Orthopoxvirus genus, especially variola virus (VARV), monkeypox virus (MPXV), remains a significant public health threat worldwide. The development of therapeutic antibodies against orthopoxviruses is largely hampered by the high cost of antibody engineering and manufacturing processes. mRNA-encoded antibodies have emerged as a powerful and universal platform for rapid antibody production. Herein, by using the established lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA platform, we constructed four mRNA combinations that encode monoclonal antibodies with broad neutralization activities against orthopoxviruses. In vivo characterization demonstrated that a single intravenous injection of each LNP-encapsulated mRNA antibody in mice resulted in the rapid production of neutralizing antibodies. More importantly, mRNA antibody treatments showed significant protection from weight loss and mortality in the vaccinia virus (VACV) lethal challenge mouse model, and a unique mRNA antibody cocktail, Mix2a, exhibited superior in vivo protection by targeting both intracellular mature virus (IMV)-form and extracellular enveloped virus (EEV)-form viruses. In summary, our results demonstrate the proof-of-concept production of orthopoxvirus antibodies via the LNP-mRNA platform, highlighting the great potential of tailored mRNA antibody combinations as a universal strategy to combat orthopoxvirus as well as other emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Suo-Qun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Ru-Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Xing Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, 100071, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Min Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Bo Ying
- Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, 100071, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, 100071, Beijing, China.
- Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China.
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10
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Lu J, Xing H, Wang C, Tang M, Wu C, Ye F, Yin L, Yang Y, Tan W, Shen L. Mpox (formerly monkeypox): pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:458. [PMID: 38148355 PMCID: PMC10751291 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2022, a global outbreak of Mpox (formerly monkeypox) occurred in various countries across Europe and America and rapidly spread to more than 100 countries and regions. The World Health Organization declared the outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern due to the rapid spread of the Mpox virus. Consequently, nations intensified their efforts to explore treatment strategies aimed at combating the infection and its dissemination. Nevertheless, the available therapeutic options for Mpox virus infection remain limited. So far, only a few numbers of antiviral compounds have been approved by regulatory authorities. Given the high mutability of the Mpox virus, certain mutant strains have shown resistance to existing pharmaceutical interventions. This highlights the urgent need to develop novel antiviral drugs that can combat both drug resistance and the potential threat of bioterrorism. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive literature on the pathophysiology and treatment of Mpox. To address this issue, we conducted a review covering the physiological and pathological processes of Mpox infection, summarizing the latest progress of anti-Mpox drugs. Our analysis encompasses approved drugs currently employed in clinical settings, as well as newly identified small-molecule compounds and antibody drugs displaying potential antiviral efficacy against Mpox. Furthermore, we have gained valuable insights from the process of Mpox drug development, including strategies for repurposing drugs, the discovery of drug targets driven by artificial intelligence, and preclinical drug development. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on Mpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lu
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei Province, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Hui Xing
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei Province, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei Province, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Mengjun Tang
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei Province, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Changcheng Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Fan Ye
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei Province, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for infectious disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China.
| | - Wenjie Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Liang Shen
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Hubei Province, Xiangyang, 441021, China.
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11
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Meng N, Cheng X, Sun M, Zhang Y, Sun X, Liu X, Chen J. Screening, Expression and Identification of Nanobody Against Monkeypox Virus A35R. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7173-7181. [PMID: 38076734 PMCID: PMC10710180 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s431619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The monkeypox (Mpox) virus epidemic presents a significant risk to global public health security. A35R, a crucial constituent of EEV, plays a pivotal role in virus transmission, serves as a vital target for vaccine development, and has potential for serological detection. Currently, there is a dearth of research on nanobodies targeting A35R. The purpose of this study is to identify specific nanobodies target A35R, so as to provide new antibody candidates for Mpox vaccine development and diagnostic kit development. Methods Three nanobodies specific to the monkeypox virus protein A35R were screened from a naïve phage display library. After four rounds of panning, positive phage clones were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further, the nanobody fusion protein was constructed in pNFCG1-IgG1-Fc vector and expressed in HEK293F cells and purified by affinity chromatography. The specificity and affinity of the nanobodies were identified by ELISA. The binding kinetics of the VHH antibody to A35R were assessed via employment of a bio-layer interferometry (BLI) apparatus, thereby determining the nanobodies affinity. Results The three purified nanobodies showed specific high-affinity binding MPXV A35R, of them, VHH-1 had the best antigen binding affinity (EC50 = 0.010 ug/mL). In addition, VHH-1 on Protein A biosensor can bind Mpox virus A35R, with an affinity constant of 54 nM as determined in BLI assay. Conclusion In sum, we has obtained three nanobody strains against Mpox virus A35R with significant affinity and specificity, therefore laying an essential foundation for further research as well as the applications of diagnostic and therapeutic tools of Mpox virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueke Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xifu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Grossegesse M, Stern D, Hofmann N, Surtees R, Kohl C, Michel J, Nitsche A. Serological methods for the detection of antibodies against monkeypox virus applicable for laboratories with different biosafety levels. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29261. [PMID: 38054557 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in 2022 has renewed interest in the detection of antibodies against orthopox viruses (OPXV) and MPXV, as serological methods can aid diagnostics and are key to epidemiological studies. Here three complementary serological methods are described with different strengths to aid the development and evaluation of in-house assays: An immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for specific detection of IgG and IgM, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for higher sample throughput to aid epidemiological studies and a neutralization test to detect virus neutralizing antibodies. As implementation of MPXV-specific diagnostics is often hampered by the requirement for a dedicated biosafety level 3 laboratory (BSL-3), the focus of this study is on biosafety aspects to facilitate safe testing also under BSL-2 conditions. To this aim, it was analyzed whether OPXV, which can be handled under BSL-2 conditions, could be used as less virulent alternatives to MPXV. Furthermore, an inactivation method was established to remove up to five log-steps of infectious virus particles from viraemic sera without compromising antibody detection. The results show that immunological cross-reactivity between OPXV provides an opportunity for the interchangeable usage of different OPXV species in serological assays, enabling MPXV serology outside of BSL-3 facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Grossegesse
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Stern
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Hofmann
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Surtees
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Kohl
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Michel
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens: Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Berlin, Germany
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13
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Shete AM, Patil DY, Jain R, Sahay RR, Chenayil S, Mohandas S, Yadav PD. Assessment of antibody kinetics in mpox cases with indigenously developed IgM and IgG ELISA. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29073. [PMID: 37671729 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita M Shete
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Y Patil
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajlaxmi Jain
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rima R Sahay
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubin Chenayil
- State Surveillance Unit (IDSP), Directorate of Health Services (IDSP), Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sreelekshmy Mohandas
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pragya D Yadav
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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