1
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Thakur S, Mehra R. Computational Insight into Substrate-Induced Conformational Changes in Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Protein J 2023; 42:533-546. [PMID: 37402109 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) has killed millions worldwide. Antibiotic resistance leads to the ineffectiveness of the current therapies. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS) class of proteins involved in protein synthesis are promising bacterial targets for developing new therapies. Here, we carried out a systematic comparative study on the aaRS sequences from M.tb and human. We listed important M.tb aaRS that could be explored as potential M.tb targets alongside the detailed conformational space analysis of methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) in apo- and substrate-bound form, which is among the proposed targets. Understanding the conformational dynamics is central to the mechanistic understanding of MetRS, as the substrate binding leads to the conformational changes causing the reaction to proceed. We performed the most complete simulation study of M.tb MetRS for 6 microseconds (2 systems × 3 runs × 1 microsecond) in the apo and substrate-bound states. Interestingly, we observed differential features, showing comparatively large dynamics for the holo simulations, whereas the apo structures became slightly compact with reduced solvent exposed area. In contrast, the ligand size decreased significantly in holo structures possibly to relax ligand conformation. Our findings correlate with experimental studies, thus validating our protocol. Adenosine monophosphate moiety of the substrate exhibited quite higher fluctuations than the methionine. His21 and Lys54 were found to be the important residues forming prominent hydrogen bond and salt-bridge interactions with the ligand. The ligand-protein affinity decreased during simulations as computed by MMGBSA analysis over the last 500 ns trajectories, which indicates the conformational changes upon ligand binding. These differential features could be further explored for designing new M.tb inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India
| | - Rukmankesh Mehra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India.
- Department of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India.
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2
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Zhang ZX, Li ZH, Li SM. Formation of the Fungal Indole Alkaloid Speradine F Implies Multiple Nonenzymatic Oxidation Steps. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1053-1060. [PMID: 37043818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The highly oxygenated indole alkaloid speradine F (4) with a 6/5/6/5/5/5 hexacyclic skeleton was isolated from a culture of Penicillium palitans, together with its precursors β-cyclopiazonic acid (β-CPA, 5) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, 1). Gene deletion and heterologous expression led to the identification of the responsible five-gene spe cluster for the speradine skeleton formation. Precursor supply experiments proved that 1 was enzymatically converted, via 2-oxoCPA (2), to speradine A (3), which subsequently undergoes multistep nonenzymatic hydroxylations to 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xi Zhang
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Zhang-Hai Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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3
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Liang Y, Liao H, Chen X, Wang Q, Li Q, Shen Y, Zheng Y, Li XN, Zhu H, Li D, Sun W, Chen C, Zhang Y. Pegriseofamines A-E: Five cyclopiazonic acid related indole alkaloids from the fungus Penicillium griseofulvum. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106553. [PMID: 37119783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Five new cyclopiazonic acid related indole alkaloids, pegriseofamines A-E (1-5), were isolated from the fungus Penicillium griseofulvum. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by NMR, HRESIMS, quantum-chemical calculation, and X-ray diffraction experiments. Among them, pegriseofamine A (1) possesses an undescribed 6/5/6/7 tetracyclic ring system generated by the fusion of an azepine and an indole unit via a cyclohexane, and the postulated biosynthetic origin of 1 was discussed. Compound 4 could relieve liver injury and prevent hepatocyte apoptosis in ConA-induced autoimmune liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanni Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyi Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Identification of dual-targeted Mycobacterium tuberculosis aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors using machine learning. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1223-1237. [PMID: 35876255 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The most serious challenge in the treatment of tuberculosis is the multidrug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to existing antibiotics. As a strategy to overcome resistance we used a multitarget drug design approach. The purpose of the work was to discover dual-targeted inhibitors of mycobacterial LeuRS and MetRS with machine learning. Methods: The artificial neural networks were built using module nnet from R 3.6.1. The inhibitory activity of compounds toward LeuRS and MetRS was investigated in aminoacylation assays. Results: Using a machine-learning approach, we identified dual-targeted inhibitors of LeuRS and MetRS among 2-(quinolin-2-ylsulfanyl)-acetamide derivatives. The most active compound inhibits MetRS and LeuRS with IC50 values of 33 μm and 23.9 μm, respectively. Conclusion: 2-(Quinolin-2-ylsulfanyl)-acetamide scaffold can be useful for further research.
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5
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Zang Y, Yu M, Shi Z, Chen C, Liu J, Wang J, Zhu H, Zhang Y. Two pairs of undescribed enantiomers isolated from the fungus Penicillium griseofulvum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 198:113140. [PMID: 35245524 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two pairs of undescribed enantiomers including a 2,5-diketopiperazine namely (±)-janthinolide G and a related analogue (±)-janthinolide H, were isolated from the crude extract of the fungus Penicillium griseofulvum together with five known compounds. Both two structures were determined by spectroscopic method and HRESIMS, whereas absolute stereochemistry was elucidated by using theoretical NMR calculation and ECD calculation. Janthinolide G is the first example of 2,5-diketopiperazine enantiomers with a cleavage diketopiperazine ring and comprises a terminal oxime group rarely seen in natural products. Biological screening of selected compounds found that 4 and 7 both exhibited weak α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, and a potential correlation was afforded by docking studies of α-glucosidase protein (PDB: 3TOP) and bioactive molecules. The plausible biosynthetic pathways of two unreported isolates are proposed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Microbial Culture Center, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muyuan Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyi Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Noureldin NA, Richards J, Kothayer H, Baraka MM, Eladl SM, Wootton M, Simons C. Design, computational studies, synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of benzimidazole based thio-oxadiazole and thio-thiadiazole analogues. BMC Chem 2021; 15:58. [PMID: 34711258 PMCID: PMC8555319 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Two series of benzimidazole based thio-oxadiazole and thio-thiadiazole analogues were designed and synthesised as novel antimicrobial drugs through inhibition of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS), which is a promising antimicrobial target. Compounds were designed to mimic the structural features of phenylalanyl adenylate (Phe-AMP) the PheRS natural substrate. Methods A 3D conformational alignment for the designed compounds and the PheRS natural substrate revealed a high level of conformational similarity, and a molecular docking study indicated the ability of the designed compounds to occupy both Phe-AMP binding pockets. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation comparative study was performed to understand the binding interactions with PheRS from different bacterial microorganisms. The synthetic pathway of the designed compounds proceeded in five steps starting from benzimidazole. The fourteen synthesised compounds 5a-d, 6a-c, 8a-d and 9a-c were purified, fully characterised and obtained in high yield. Results In vitro antimicrobial evaluation against five bacterial strains showed a moderate activity of compound 8b with MIC value of 32 μg/mL against S. aureus, while all the synthesised compounds showed weak activity against both E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa (MIC 128 μg/mL). Conclusion Compound 8b provides a lead compound for further structural development to obtain high affinity PheRS inhibitors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13065-021-00785-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Noureldin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, P.C. 44519, Egypt.
| | - Jennifer Richards
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Hend Kothayer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, P.C. 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Baraka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, P.C. 44519, Egypt
| | - Sobhy M Eladl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, P.C. 44519, Egypt
| | - Mandy Wootton
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Claire Simons
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
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7
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Wang C, Sarotti AM, Zaman KHAU, Wu X, Cao S. New Alkaloids From a Hawaiian Fungal Strain Aspergillus felis FM324. Front Chem 2021; 9:724617. [PMID: 34434921 PMCID: PMC8380829 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.724617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new alkaloids tryptoquivaline Y (1) and pseurotin I (2), together with eight known compounds (3-10), were purified from a fungal strain Aspergillus felis FM324, which was isolated from a Hawaiian beach soil sample. The absolute configuration and physicochemical data of tryptoquivaline Z (3) were reported for the first time here in this paper. Compound 1 is an uncommon tryptoquivaline analog containing a 3-O-isobutanoyl group. The structures of the new compounds 1-2 and known compound 3 were elucidated through HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopy and ECD analysis. All the compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative, antibacterial and NF-κB inhibitory activities. Compound 4 showed weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with the same MIC value of 59.2 µM. Compounds 3 and 2 inhibited NF-κB with IC50 values of 26.7 and 30.9 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, United States
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Ariel M. Sarotti
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - KH Ahammad Uz Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, United States
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, United States
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, United States
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8
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Michalska K, Jedrzejczak R, Wower J, Chang C, Baragaña B, Gilbert IH, Forte B, Joachimiak A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Phe-tRNA synthetase: structural insights into tRNA recognition and aminoacylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:5351-5368. [PMID: 33885823 PMCID: PMC8136816 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, responsible for ∼1.5 million fatalities in 2018, is the deadliest infectious disease. Global spread of multidrug resistant strains is a public health threat, requiring new treatments. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are plausible candidates as potential drug targets, because they play an essential role in translating the DNA code into protein sequence by attaching a specific amino acid to their cognate tRNAs. We report structures of M. tuberculosis Phe-tRNA synthetase complexed with an unmodified tRNAPhe transcript and either L-Phe or a nonhydrolyzable phenylalanine adenylate analog. High-resolution models reveal details of two modes of tRNA interaction with the enzyme: an initial recognition via indirect readout of anticodon stem-loop and aminoacylation ready state involving interactions of the 3′ end of tRNAPhe with the adenylate site. For the first time, we observe the protein gate controlling access to the active site and detailed geometry of the acyl donor and tRNA acceptor consistent with accepted mechanism. We biochemically validated the inhibitory potency of the adenylate analog and provide the most complete view of the Phe-tRNA synthetase/tRNAPhe system to date. The presented topography of amino adenylate-binding and editing sites at different stages of tRNA binding to the enzyme provide insights for the rational design of anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Michalska
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60667, USA.,Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Robert Jedrzejczak
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60667, USA.,Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jacek Wower
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Changsoo Chang
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60667, USA.,Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Beatriz Baragaña
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ian H Gilbert
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Barbara Forte
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60667, USA.,Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60367, USA
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9
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Bouz G, Zitko J. Inhibitors of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as antimycobacterial compounds: An up-to-date review. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104806. [PMID: 33799176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are crucial for the correct assembly of amino acids to cognate tRNA to maintain the fidelity of proteosynthesis. AaRSs have become a hot target in antimicrobial research. Three aaRS inhibitors are already in clinical practice; antibacterial mupirocin inhibits the synthetic site of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, antifungal tavaborole inhibits the editing site of leucyl-tRNA synthetase, and antiprotozoal halofuginone inhibits proline-tRNA synthetase. According to the World Health Organization, tuberculosis globally remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. The rising incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is alarming and urges the search for new antimycobacterial compounds, preferably with yet unexploited mechanism of action. In this literature review, we have covered the up-to-date state in the field of inhibitors of mycobacterial aaRSs. The most studied aaRS in mycobacteria is LeuRS with at least four structural types of inhibitors, followed by TyrRS and AspRS. Inhibitors of MetRS, LysRS, and PheRS were addressed in a single significant study each. In many cases, the enzyme inhibition activity translated into micromolar or submicromolar inhibition of growth of mycobacteria. The most promising aaRS inhibitor as an antimycobacterial compound is GSK656 (compound 8), the only aaRS inhibitor in clinical trials (Phase IIa) for systemic use against tuberculosis. GSK656 is orally available and shares the oxaborole tRNA-trapping mechanism of action with antifungal tavaborole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Bouz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University
| | - Jan Zitko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University.
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10
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Wang H, Xu M, Engelhart CA, Zhang X, Yan B, Pan M, Xu Y, Fan S, Liu R, Xu L, Hua L, Schnappinger D, Chen S. Rediscovery of PF-3845 as a new chemical scaffold inhibiting phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100257. [PMID: 33837735 PMCID: PMC7948948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains the deadliest pathogenic bacteria worldwide. The search for new antibiotics to treat drug-sensitive as well as drug-resistant tuberculosis has become a priority. The essential enzyme phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS) is an antibacterial drug target because of the large differences between bacterial and human PheRS counterparts. In a high-throughput screening of 2148 bioactive compounds, PF-3845, which is a known inhibitor of human fatty acid amide hydrolase, was identified inhibiting Mtb PheRS at Ki ∼ 0.73 ± 0.06 μM. The inhibition mechanism was studied with enzyme kinetics, protein structural modeling, and crystallography, in comparison to a PheRS inhibitor of the noted phenyl–thiazolylurea–sulfonamide class. The 2.3-Å crystal structure of Mtb PheRS in complex with PF-3845 revealed its novel binding mode, in which a trifluoromethyl–pyridinylphenyl group occupies the phenylalanine pocket, whereas a piperidine–piperazine urea group binds into the ATP pocket through an interaction network enforced by a sulfate ion. It represents the first non-nucleoside bisubstrate competitive inhibitor of bacterial PheRS. PF-3845 inhibits the in vitro growth of Mtb H37Rv at ∼24 μM, and the potency of PF-3845 increased against an engineered strain Mtb pheS–FDAS, suggesting on target activity in mycobacterial whole cells. PF-3845 does not inhibit human cytoplasmic or mitochondrial PheRS in biochemical assay, which can be explained from the crystal structures. Further medicinal chemistry efforts focused on the piperidine–piperazine urea moiety may result in the identification of a selective antibacterial lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xu
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Curtis A Engelhart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Yan
- Center of Protein Science Facility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Pan
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Fan
- Center of Protein Science Facility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Renhe Liu
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Hua
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shawn Chen
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Haidian, Beijing, China.
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11
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Zang Y, Genta-Jouve G, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Chen C, Zhou Q, Wang J, Zhu H, Zhang Y. Griseofamines A and B: Two Indole-Tetramic Acid Alkaloids with 6/5/6/5 and 6/5/7/5 Ring Systems from Penicillium griseofulvum. Org Lett 2018; 20:2046-2050. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Grégory Genta-Jouve
- C-TAC, UMR 8638 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Yingyu Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China
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