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Zhang Y, Guan YH, Pu CZ, Xi YJ, Tao AE, Xia CL. The complete chloroplast genome of Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae) and its phylogenetic affinities. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:1583-1585. [PMID: 36082042 PMCID: PMC9448373 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2113749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Verbascum thapsus L. has extensive pharmacological effects, including antioxidative and antineoplastic action, memory improvement and neuroprotection. However, its phylogenetic position is not established in Scrophulariaceae. In this study, we reported the complete chloroplast genome sequence of V. thapsus L. for the first time and investigate its phylogenetic relationship in Scrophulariaceae. The assembled chloroplast genome is a circular 153,338 bp sequence, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 84,627 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,829 bp and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,441 bp. The genome contains 135 genes, including 86 protein coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree showed that V. thapsus is closely associated with V. chinense and V. phoeniceum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yun-Hui Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Cheng-Zhao Pu
- College of Medicine, Lijiang Culture and Tourism College, Lijiang, China
| | - Yi-Jia Xi
- College of Medicine, Lijiang Culture and Tourism College, Lijiang, China
| | - Ai-en Tao
- College of Medicine, Lijiang Culture and Tourism College, Lijiang, China
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Dong X, Mkala EM, Mutinda ES, Yang JX, Wanga VO, Oulo MA, Onjolo VO, Hu GW, Wang QF. Taxonomy, comparative genomics of Mullein (Verbascum, Scrophulariaceae), with implications for the evolution of Verbascum and Lamiales. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:566. [PMID: 35941527 PMCID: PMC9358837 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) is distributed in Africa, Europe, and parts of Asia, with the Mediterranean having the most species variety. Several researchers have already worked on the phylogenetic and taxonomic analysis of Verbascum by using ITS data and chloroplast genome fragments and have produced different conclusions. The taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of this genus are unclear. RESULTS The complete plastomes (cp) lengths for V. chaixii, V. songaricum, V. phoeniceum, V. blattaria, V. sinaiticum, V. thapsus, and V. brevipedicellatum ranged from 153,014 to 153,481 bp. The cp coded 114 unique genes comprising of 80 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and 30 tRNA genes. We detected variations in the repeat structures, gene expansion on the inverted repeat, and single copy (IR/SC) boundary regions. The substitution rate analysis indicated that some genes were under purifying selection pressure. Phylogenetic analysis supported the sister relationship of (Lentibulariaceae + Acanthaceae + Bignoniaceae + Verbenaceae + Pedaliaceae) and (Lamiaceae + Phyrymaceae + Orobanchaceae + Paulowniaceae + Mazaceae) in Lamiales. Within Scrophulariaceae, Verbascum was sister to Scrophularia, while Buddleja formed a monophyletic clade from (Scrophularia + Verbascum) with high bootstrap support values. The relationship of the nine species within Verbascum was highly supported. CONCLUSION Based on the phylogenetic results, we proposed to reinstate the species status of V. brevipedicellatum (Engl.) Hub.-Mor. Additionally, three genera (Mazus, Lancea, and Dodartia) placed in the Phyrymaceae family formed a separate clade within Lamiaceae. The classification of the three genera was supported by previous studies. Thus, the current study also suggests the circumscription of these genera as documented previously to be reinstated. The divergence time of Lamiales was approximated to be 86.28 million years ago (Ma) (95% highest posterior density (HPD), 85.12-89.91 Ma). The complete plastomes sequence data of the Verbascum species will be important for understanding the Verbascum phylogenetic relationships and evolution in order Lamiales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN-100049, China
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN-100049, China.,East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O Box 451660-0100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN-100049, China
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN-100049, China
| | - Vincent Okelo Wanga
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN-100049, China
| | - Millicent Akinyi Oulo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN-100049, China
| | - Victor Omondi Onjolo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN-100049, China
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN-100049, China.
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
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