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Zhu J, Cheng W, He TT, Hou BL, Lei LY, Wang Z, Liang YN. Exploring the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Tryptanthrin by Regulating TLR4/MyD88/ROS/NF-κB, JAK/STAT3, and Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:30904-30918. [PMID: 39035974 PMCID: PMC11256115 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Tryptanthrin (TRYP) is the main active ingredient in Indigo Naturalis. Studies have shown that TRYP had excellent anti-inflammatory activity, but its specific mechanism has been unclear. In this work, the differentially expressed proteins resulting from TRYP intervention in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were obtained based on tandem mass tag proteomics technology. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of TRYP was further validated by a combination of experiments using the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell model in vitro and the DSS-induced UC mouse model (free drinking 2.5% DSS) in vivo. The results demonstrated that TRYP could inhibit levels of NO, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Twelve differential proteins were screened out. And the results indicated that TRYP could inhibit upregulated levels of gp91phox, p22phox, FcεRIγ, IKKα/β, and p-IκBα and reduce ROS levels in vitro. Besides, after TRYP treatment, the health conditions of colitis mice were all improved. Furthermore, TRYP inhibited the activation of JAK/STAT3, nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and promoted the nuclear expression of Nrf2 in vitro and in vivo. This work preliminarily indicated that TRYP might suppress the TLR4/MyD88/ROS/NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, TRYP could achieve antioxidant effects by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation
Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi
& Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development
of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation
Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi
& Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development
of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
| | - Tian-Tian He
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation
Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi
& Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development
of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
| | - Bao-Long Hou
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation
Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi
& Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development
of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
| | - Li-Yan Lei
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation
Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi
& Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development
of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation
Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi
& Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development
of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
| | - Yan-Ni Liang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation
Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi
& Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development
of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
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Matsushima T, Hiraide T, Momoi M, Shinya Y, Anzai A, Inami T, Fukuda K, Kataoka M, Ieda M. Long-term Follow-up of Qing-Dai-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Case Series. CJC Open 2023; 5:779-783. [PMID: 37876881 PMCID: PMC10591121 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takahiro Hiraide
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Momoi
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shinya
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Anzai
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Inami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yu T, Wu L, Zhang T, Hao H, Dong J, Xu Y, Yang H, Liu H, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. Insights into Q-markers and molecular mechanism of Sanguisorba saponins in treating ulcerative colitis based on lipid metabolism regulation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154870. [PMID: 37207387 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanguisorba saponin extract (SSE) is the main active part of Sanguisorba officinalis with various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant. However, its therapeutic role and underlying mechanisms for ulcerative colitis (UC) still need to be elucidated. PURPOSE This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect, effectiveness-material basis-quality markers (Q-markers) and prospective mechanism of function of SSE on UC. METHODS Fresh 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) solution was placed in drinking bottles for 7 days to induce a mouse model of UC. SSE and sulfasalazine (SASP) were supplemented to mice by gavage for consecutive 7 days to investigate the therapeutic role of SSE on UC. Mouse monocyte macrophages (RAW264.7) and human normal colonic epithelial (NCM460) cells were treated with LPS to induce inflammatory responses, followed by pharmacodynamic examination with different concentrations of SSE. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Alcian blue staining were conducted to evaluate the pathological damage of mice colon. Lipidomic technology was conducted to explore the differential lipids closely related to the disease process of UC. Quantitative PCR analysis, immunohistochemistry and ELISA kit were used to measure the expression levels of the corresponding proteins and pro-inflammatory factors. RESULTS SSE treatment could effectively reduce the elevated expressions of pro-inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 and NCM460 cells due to LPS stimulation. Intragastric administration of SSE was found to significantly alleviate the symptoms of DSS-induced colon injury and low-polar saponins in SSE. Low polarity saponins, especially ZYS-II, were proved to be the main active substances of SSE in treating UC. In addition, SSE could significantly ameliorate the aberrant lipid metabolism in UC mice. The role of phosphatidylcholine (PC)34:1 in the UC pathogenesis has been fully verified in our previous studies. Herein, SSE-dosing effectively reversed the metabolic disorder of PCs in UC mice, and increased the PC34:1 level to normal via up-regulating the expression of phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (PCYT1α). CONCLUSION Our data innovatively revealed that SSE could significantly alleviate the symptoms of UC by reversing the disorder of PC metabolism induced by DSS modeling. SSE was proved for the first time to be a promising and effective candidate for UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengjie Yu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China
| | - Hongyuan Hao
- Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Yizou 180, Shanghai 200233, PR. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Yizou 180, Shanghai 200233, PR. China
| | - Yexin Xu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China
| | - Huizhu Yang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China
| | - Huafang Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, PR. China.
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Yan W, Feng Q, Li Y, Lin Y, Yao J, Jia Z, Lu L, Liu L, Zhou H. Integrated network pharmacology and DSS-induced colitis model to determine the anti-colitis effect of Rheum palmatum L. and Coptis chinensis Franch in granules. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115675. [PMID: 36075275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheum palmatum L. (RP) and Coptis chinensis Franch. (CC), frequently used as herbal pair (HP) in clinical practicing of traditional Chinese medicine, exerted predominate efficacies in colitis treatment. However, the mechanism of their synergism lacks scientific explanation. AIM OF THE STUDY By integrating network pharmacology and DSS-induced colitis model, the anti-colitis effects and synergistic molecular mechanisms of RP-CC combination was determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo study, mice were divided into control, model, RP, CC and RP-CC (low, middle, high) groups, 2.5% DSS was administrated to induce colitis for consecutive 7 days, subsequently, the therapeutic effects were evaluated from body weight changes, disease activity index (DAI), and pathological conditions. After determining the shared and exclusive targets of RP and CC, respectively by network pharmacology, CETSA, WB, and qPCR were utilized to verify the action modes of RP and CC on specific targets. RESULTS Compared to RP or CC used alone, RP-CC combination can significantly protect colon tissues from inflammatory damage in a dose-dependent manner via remarkably alleviating DAI and colon shortening. Network pharmacological analysis suggested that AKT1 would be the core target for RP-CC synergism since these two herbs could simultaneously but non-competitively bind to AKT1 at different sits. Furthermore, RP and CC could also influencing HIF and MAPK pathways, respectively, these additional actions attribute to more optimizing effectiveness towards colitis. CONCLUSION In contrast to the mild therapeutic effects of RP or CC individually, RP-CC herb pair could exert strong and synergistic effects in treatment of colitis via non-competitive binding to AKT1 simultaneously, as well as exclusively influencing MAPK and HIF pathways. Our study not only provides the evidence for understanding the combined effect of RP and CC, but also brings up a new strategy and suggestive thoughts for the rationality of HP-based TCM formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Yan
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yu Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yuefang Lin
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jingjing Yao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, China.
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Zhang T, Peng H, Li Y, Zhou X, Pu W, Zhang Y, Du Z, Wei F, Li S, Zhou Q. Indirubin regulates T cell differentiation by promoting αVβ8 expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease. Phytother Res 2023; 37:89-100. [PMID: 36161389 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a disease that can invade the whole digestive tract and is accompanied by immune abnormalities. Immune dysfunction involving dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells is recognized as a key factor in diseases. Indirubin (IDRB) exerts antiinflammatory effects and can help in treating immune diseases. This study aimed to isolate bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to obtain mature DCs (mDCs). The expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, and MHC-II was detected using flow cytometry after treatment with IDRB. αVβ8 siRNA was used to knock down αVβ8 in mDCs, and the expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, and MHC-II was detected. Meanwhile, DCs were co-cultured with T cells. Then, T cell differentiation was detected using flow cytometry, and the cytokine levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The animal model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease was established in mice. After intervention with IDRB and αVβ8 shRNA, the intestinal tissues were evaluated using H&E staining, disease activity index (DAI) score, and histological damage index, and the corresponding factors and cytokines to regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th17 were measured. The results showed that αVβ8 was expressed in immature DCs and mDCs. CD80, CD86, CD40, and MHC-II expression decreased after IDRB treatment in mDCs. Meanwhile, the expression of TNF-α and TGF-β also decreased after IDRB treatment. The effect of IDRB on the expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, MHC-II, TNF-α, and TGF-β in mDCs was reversed by αVβ8 siRNA. The Treg differentiation increased after IDRB treatment, while the differentiation of Th17 cells was inhibited. This effect of IDRB was reversed by mDCs after treatment with αVβ8 siRNA. In vivo experiments showed that IDRB alleviated the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease in animals. Enteritis significantly reduced, and the effect of IDRB was reversed by αVβ8 shRNA. The results suggested that IDRB regulated the differentiation of T cells by mediating the maturation of BMDCs through αVβ8. This study confirmed the therapeutic effect of IDRB in inflammatory bowel disease and suggested that IDRB might serve as a potential drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunxiang Li
- Department of Urology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenfeng Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhonghan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuxia Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Siqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Xiao L, Ren JZ, Li Q, Yang B, Liu ZJ, Chen RB, Zhang L. Genome-wide analysis of AP2/ERF superfamily in Isatis indigotica. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 21:77-88. [PMID: 36192353 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor) superfamily is one of the largest gene families in plants and has been reported to participate in various biological processes, such as the regulation of biosynthesis of active lignan. However, few studies have investigated the genome-wide role of the AP2/ERF superfamily in Isatis indigotica. This study establishes a complete picture of the AP2/ERF superfamily in I. indigotica and contributes valuable information for further functional characterization of IiAP2/ERF genes and supports further metabolic engineering. METHODS To identify the IiAP2/ERF superfamily genes, the AP2/ERF sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa were used as query sequences in the basic local alignment search tool. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to investigate the protein structure, motif composition, chromosome location, phylogenetic relationship, and interaction network of the IiAP2/ERF superfamily genes. The accuracy of omics data was verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and heatmap analyses. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-six putative IiAP2/ERF genes in total were identified from the I. indigotica genome database in this study. By sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, the IiAP2/ERF genes were classified into 5 groups including AP2, ERF, DREB (dehydration-responsive element-binding factor), Soloist and RAV (related to abscisic acid insensitive 3/viviparous 1) subfamilies. Among which, 122 members were unevenly distributed across seven chromosomes. Sequence alignment showed that I. indigotica and A. thaliana had 30 pairs of orthologous genes, and we constructed their interaction network. The comprehensive analysis of gene expression pattern in different tissues suggested that these genes may play a significant role in organ growth and development of I. indigotica. Members that may regulate lignan biosynthesis in roots were also preliminarily identified. Ribonucleic acid sequencing analysis revealed that the expression of 76 IiAP2/ERF genes were up- or down-regulated under salt or drought treatment, among which, 33 IiAP2/ERF genes were regulated by both stresses. CONCLUSION This study undertook a genome-wide characterization of the AP2/ERF superfamily in I. indigotica, providing valuable information for further functional characterization of IiAP2/ERF genes and discovery of genetic targets for metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun-Ze Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bin Yang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Rui-Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Saleh MA, Shabaan AA, May M, Ali YM. Topical application of indigo-plant leaves extract enhances healing of skin lesion in an excision wound model in rats. J Appl Biomed 2022; 20:124-129. [PMID: 36708717 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2022.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the pharmacological role of indigo extract in accelerating the wound healing in a rat model. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with ketamine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and the full thickness of the marked skin was then cut carefully and wounds were left undressed. Indigo extract (5%) in PBS was applied topically twice daily until healing was complete. A control group of rats was treated with povidone-iodide (Betadine®). Rats treated with phosphate buffer saline were used as a negative control group. The rate of wound healing was assessed daily. Histopathological examination of skin sections were qualitatively assessed by independent evaluators. The inflammatory and apoptotic markers were assessed in skin tissue homogenates using ELISA. RESULTS Histopathology data showed that applying indigo to skin wounds enhanced the healing process, resulting in a significant decrease in dermal inflammation in comparison to untreated rats. Topical application of indigo significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities with reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in wound tissues. The levels of matrix metalloproteases-2 and -9 were significantly lower with an accompanied increase in the level of TGF-β1 in skin tissues from rats treated with indigo compared to the control group treated with PBS. CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of indigo leaf extract accelerate the healing of skin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Saleh
- University of Sharjah, College of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Sharjah, The United Arab Emirates.,Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Shabaan
- Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mansoura, Egypt.,Delta University for Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Gamasa City, Egypt
| | - Michel May
- AIZOME, JM Mark Inc., Chicago, USA & Munich, Germany
| | - Youssif M Ali
- University of Cambridge, School of Biological Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Xu Q, Sun W, Zhang J, Mei Y, Bao J, Hou S, Zhou X, Mao L. Inflammasome-targeting natural compounds in inflammatory bowel disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963291. [PMID: 36090968 PMCID: PMC9451542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, seriously affects human health and causes substantial social and economic burden. The pathogenesis of IBD is still not fully elucidated, whereas recent studies have demonstrated that its development is associated with the dysfunction of intestinal immune system. Accumulating evidence have proven that inflammasomes such as NLRP3 and NLRP6 play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Thus, regulating the activation of inflammasomes have been considered to be a promising strategy in IBD treatment. A number of recent studies have provided evidence that blocking inflammasome related cytokine IL-1β can benefit a group of IBD patients with overactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome. However, therapies for targeting inflammasomes with high efficacy and safety are rare. Traditional medical practice provides numerous medical compounds that may have a role in treatment of various human diseases including IBD. Recent studies demonstrated that numerous medicinal herb derived compounds can efficiently prevent colon inflammation in animal models by targeting inflammasomes. Herein, we summarize the main findings of these studies focusing on the effects of traditional medicine derived compounds on colitis treatment and the underlying mechanisms in regulating the inflammasomes. On this basis, we provide a perspective for future studies regarding strategies to improve the efficacy, specificity and safety of available herbal compounds, and to discover new compounds using the emerging new technologies, which will improve our understanding about the roles and mechanisms of herbal compounds in the regulation of inflammasomes and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Weichen Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Youmin Mei
- Department of Periodontology, Nantong Stomatological Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Jingyin Bao
- Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Liming Mao, ; Xiaorong Zhou, ; Shengping Hou,
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Liming Mao, ; Xiaorong Zhou, ; Shengping Hou,
| | - Liming Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Liming Mao, ; Xiaorong Zhou, ; Shengping Hou,
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9
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Pharmacological properties of indirubin and its derivatives. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113112. [PMID: 35598366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indirubin is the main bioactive component of the traditional Chinese medicine Indigo naturalis and is a bisindole alkaloid. Multiple studies have shown that indirubin exhibits good anticancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. METHODS The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the pharmacological mechanisms of indirubin and its derivatives. RESULTS Indirubin and its derivatives exert anticancer effects by regulating the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), GSK-3β, Bax, Bcl-2, C-MYC, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways and other signaling pathways. We also reviewed the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of indirubin and its derivatives. CONCLUSION The findings of recent studies assessing indirubin and its derivatives suggest that these compounds can be used as potential drugs to treat tumors, inflammation, neuropathy and bacterial infection.
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10
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Current Therapeutic Landscape and Safety Roadmap for Targeting the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Indications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101708. [PMID: 35626744 PMCID: PMC9139855 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Target modulation of the AhR for inflammatory gastrointestinal (GI) conditions holds great promise but also the potential for safety liabilities both within and beyond the GI tract. The ubiquitous expression of the AhR across mammalian tissues coupled with its role in diverse signaling pathways makes development of a “clean” AhR therapeutically challenging. Ligand promiscuity and diversity in context-specific AhR activation further complicates targeting the AhR for drug development due to limitations surrounding clinical translatability. Despite these concerns, several approaches to target the AhR have been explored such as small molecules, microbials, PROTACs, and oligonucleotide-based approaches. These various chemical modalities are not without safety liabilities and require unique de-risking strategies to parse out toxicities. Collectively, these programs can benefit from in silico and in vitro methodologies that investigate specific AhR pathway activation and have the potential to implement thresholding parameters to categorize AhR ligands as “high” or “low” risk for sustained AhR activation. Exploration into transcriptomic signatures for AhR safety assessment, incorporation of physiologically-relevant in vitro model systems, and investigation into chronic activation of the AhR by structurally diverse ligands will help address gaps in our understanding regarding AhR-dependent toxicities. Here, we review the role of the AhR within the GI tract, novel therapeutic modality approaches to target the AhR, key AhR-dependent safety liabilities, and relevant strategies that can be implemented to address drug safety concerns. Together, this review discusses the emerging therapeutic landscape of modalities targeting the AhR for inflammatory GI indications and offers a safety roadmap for AhR drug development.
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11
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Wong LW, Goh CBS, Tan JBL. A Systemic Review for Ethnopharmacological Studies on Isatis indigotica Fortune: Bioactive Compounds and their Therapeutic Insights. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:161-207. [PMID: 35139772 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isatis indigotica Fortune is a biennial Chinese woad of the Cruciferae family. It is primarily cultivated in China, where it was a staple in indigo dye manufacture till the end of the 17th century. Today, I. indigotica is used primarily as a therapeutic herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The medicinal use of the plant is separated into its leaves (Da-Qing-Ye) and roots (Ban-Lan-Gen), whereas its aerial components can be processed into a dried bluish-spruce powder (Qing-Dai), following dehydration for long-term preservation. Over the past several decades, I. indigotica has been generally utilized for its heat-clearing effects and bodily detoxification in TCM, attributed to the presence of several classes of bioactive compounds, including organic acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, as well as lignans, anthraquinones, glucosides, glucosinolates, sphingolipids, tetrapyrroles, and polysaccharides. This paper aims to delineate I. indigotica from its closely-related species (Isatis tinctoria and Isatis glauca) while highlighting the ethnomedicinal uses of I. indigotica from the perspectives of modern and traditional medicine. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, PMC, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was done for articles on all aspects of the plant, emphasizing those analyzing the bioactivity of constituents of the plant. The various key bioactive compounds of I. indigotica that have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-allergic properties, along with the protective effects against neuronal injury and bone fracture, will be discussed. Collectively, the review hopes to draw attention to the therapeutic potential of I. indigotica not only as a TCM, but also as a potential source of bioactive compounds for disease management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen Wong
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Calvin Bok Sun Goh
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Lee CL, Wang CM, Yen HR, Song YC, Chen CJ. Indigodole E from Strobilanthes cusia exhibits anti-IL-17A effect. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:5935-5939. [PMID: 35192387 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2041633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
One new indazole alkaloid, indigodole E (1), was isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine Qing Dai prepared from the aerial parts of Strobilanthes cusia. The structure of 1 was elucidated by NMR, MS, UV, and IR spectra as well as optical rotation. Additionally, compound 1 could obviously inhibit not only IL-17A protein production at concentrations from 1.25 to 2.5 μg/mL, but also IL-17 gene expression at concentrations from 5.0 to 10.0 μg/mL without cytotoxicity toward Th17 and Jukat cells, respectively. Overall, indazole analogue 1 could be the anti-IL 17 A contributor of Qing Dai in this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Wang
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chyi Song
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Kudo T, Jimbo K, Shimizu H, Iwama I, Ishige T, Mizuochi T, Arai K, Kumagai H, Uchida K, Abukawa D, Shimizu T. Qing-Dai for pediatric ulcerative colitis multicenter survey and systematic review. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15113. [PMID: 35831249 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) is more challenging to treat than adult UC. Qing-Dai therapy is effective in adults but reports of its efficacy in children are unavailable. We conducted a questionnaire survey on Qing-Dai use among pediatric patients with UC in Japan to determine its efficacy and safety. METHODS Questionnaires were sent to 31 high-volume centers treating pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The number of patients using Qing-Dai, short-term and long-term effects, and adverse events were assessed. A systematic review of studies on the efficacy and safety of Qing-Dai usage for UC was also performed. RESULTS Overall, 29/31 facilities (93.5%) responded, Qing-Dai was used in 107 patients with UC, and 84/107 patients (78.5%) initiated treatment. Within 6 months, 81/101 (80.2%) patients had clinical remission, while 59/92 (64.1%) patients had no relapse and 29/92 (31.5%) experienced only one to two relapses yearly. Eighty-seven percent of the patients underwent regular follow ups for adverse events, among whom one patient was diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), five with enteritis, and one with headache. In the systematic review, the clinical remission rate was 50-80%, and PAH was observed in 14 of 1,158 patients (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS Qing-Dai is highly effective in treating pediatric UC. However, Qing-Dai should be administered with caution as it may cause adverse events such as PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shimizu
- Division of Gastroenterology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itaru Iwama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishige
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Mizuochi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Arai
- Division of Gastroenterology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Kumagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Uchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Daiki Abukawa
- Department of General Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Saiki JP, Andreasson JO, Grimes KV, Frumkin LR, Sanjines E, Davidson MG, Park KT, Limketkai B. Treatment-refractory ulcerative colitis responsive to indigo naturalis. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2022; 8:bmjgast-2021-000813. [PMID: 34969665 PMCID: PMC8718466 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Indigo naturalis (IN) is an herbal medicine that has been used for ulcerative colitis with an unclear mechanism of action. Indigo and indirubin, its main constituents, are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We assessed the safety, efficacy, and colon AhR activity of IN given orally to patients with treatment-refractory ulcerative colitis. The role of AhR in IN benefit was further evaluated with an AhR antagonist in a murine colitis model. Methods This open-label, dose-escalation study sequentially treated 11 patients with ulcerative colitis with either IN 500 mg/day or 1.5 g/day for 8 weeks, followed by a 4-week non-treatment period. The primary efficacy endpoint was clinical response at week 8, assessed by total Mayo score. Secondary endpoints included clinical remission, Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity, quality of life, and colon AhR activity measured by cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) RNA expression. Results Ten of 11 (91%) patients, including 8/9 (89%) with moderate-to-severe disease, achieved a clinical response. Among these 10 patients, all had failed treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid, 8 patients with a tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitor, and 6 patients with TNF-alpha inhibitor and vedolizumab. Five patients were corticosteroid dependent. Clinical response was observed in all five patients who had been recommended for colectomy. Three patients achieved clinical remission. All patients experienced improved endoscopic severity and quality of life. Four weeks after treatment completion, six patients had worsened partial Mayo scores. Four patients progressed to colectomy after study completion. Colon CYP1A1 RNA expression increased 12 557-fold at week 8 among six patients evaluated. No patient discontinued IN due to an adverse event. Concomitant administration of 3-methoxy-4-nitroflavone, an AhR antagonist, in a murine colitis model abrogated the benefit of IN. Conclusion IN is a potentially effective therapy for patients with treatment-refractory ulcerative colitis. This benefit is likely through AhR activation. Trial registration number NCT02442960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie P Saiki
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Johan Ol Andreasson
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kevin V Grimes
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lyn R Frumkin
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Elvi Sanjines
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - K T Park
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Berkeley Limketkai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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15
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Zhuang SY, Tang YX, Chen XL, Wu YD, Wu AX. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative C(sp 3)-H/C(sp 3)-H Cross-Coupling Reaction of 3-Methylbenzo[ c]isoxazoles with Methyl Ketones: Access to Indigoid Analogues. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17101-17109. [PMID: 34739234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed oxidative C(sp3)-H/C(sp3)-H cross-coupling reaction of methyl ketones and 3-methylbenzo[c]isoxazoles has been developed for the direct synthesis of 3-oxoindolin-2-ylidene derivatives. This process involves an intermolecular nucleophilic addition/ring-opening/aza-Michael addition cascade, providing indigoid analogues with high atom economy and as single isomers exclusively under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yi Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Xing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - An-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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16
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Han H, Safe S, Jayaraman A, Chapkin RS. Diet-Host-Microbiota Interactions Shape Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand Production to Modulate Intestinal Homeostasis. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 41:455-478. [PMID: 34633858 PMCID: PMC8667662 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-043020-090050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor that binds structurally diverse ligands and senses cues from environmental toxicants and physiologically relevant dietary/microbiota-derived ligands. The AhR is an ancient conserved protein and is widely expressed across different tissues in vertebrates and invertebrates. AhR signaling mediates a wide range of cellular functions in a ligand-, cell type-, species-, and context-specific manner. Dysregulation of AhR signaling is linked to many developmental defects and chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of AhR signaling in mediating bidirectional host-microbiome interactions. We also consider evidence showing the potential for the dietary/microbial enhancement ofhealth-promoting AhR ligands to improve clinical pathway management in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases and colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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17
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Wrzosek L, Ciocan D, Hugot C, Spatz M, Dupeux M, Houron C, Lievin-Le Moal V, Puchois V, Ferrere G, Trainel N, Mercier-Nomé F, Durand S, Kroemer G, Voican CS, Emond P, Straube M, Sokol H, Perlemuter G, Cassard AM. Microbiota tryptophan metabolism induces aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and improves alcohol-induced liver injury. Gut 2021; 70:1299-1308. [PMID: 33004548 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic alcohol consumption is an important cause of liver-related deaths. Specific intestinal microbiota profiles are associated with susceptibility or resistance to alcoholic liver disease in both mice and humans. We aimed to identify the mechanisms by which targeting intestinal microbiota can improve alcohol-induced liver lesions. DESIGN We used human associated mice, a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease transplanted with the intestinal microbiota of alcoholic patients and used the prebiotic, pectin, to modulate the intestinal microbiota. Based on metabolomic analyses, we focused on microbiota tryptophan metabolites, which are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Involvement of the AhR pathway was assessed using both a pharmacological approach and AhR-deficient mice. RESULTS Pectin treatment modified the microbiome and metabolome in human microbiota-associated alcohol-fed mice, leading to a specific faecal signature. High production of bacterial tryptophan metabolites was associated with an improvement of liver injury. The AhR agonist Ficz (6-formylindolo (3,2-b) carbazole) reduced liver lesions, similarly to prebiotic treatment. Conversely, inactivation of the ahr gene in alcohol-fed AhR knock-out mice abrogated the beneficial effects of the prebiotic. Importantly, patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis have low levels of bacterial tryptophan derivatives that are AhR agonists. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of alcoholic liver disease by targeting the intestinal microbiota involves the AhR pathway, which should be considered as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wrzosek
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Dragos Ciocan
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France.,Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Antoine-Béclère Hospital, AP-HP, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Cindy Hugot
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Madeleine Spatz
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Margot Dupeux
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Camille Houron
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | | | - Virginie Puchois
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Gladys Ferrere
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Nicolas Trainel
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Françoise Mercier-Nomé
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paris Saclay d'Innovation thérapeutique, Paris-Saclay University, Chatenay-Malabry, Île-de-France, France
| | - Sylvere Durand
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Cosmin Sebastian Voican
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France.,Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Antoine-Béclère Hospital, AP-HP, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France.,Service de Médecine Nucléaire In Vitro, CHRU Tours, Tours, Centre, France
| | - Marjolène Straube
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne University, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne University, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,Gastroenterology department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Gabriel Perlemuter
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France .,Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Antoine-Béclère Hospital, AP-HP, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
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18
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Zhou G, Kong WS, Li ZC, Xie RF, Yu TY, Zhou X. Effects of Qing Chang Suppository Powder and its Ingredients on IL-17 Signal Pathway in HT-29 Cells and DSS-induced Mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:153573. [PMID: 34052543 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qingchang Suppository, a formula used for more than 30 years in Longhua Hospital, has shown satisfactory clinical effects on Ulcerative Colitis (UC). However, its therapeutic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE The study aims to investigate the effects of Qingchang Suppository powder (QCSP) and its ingredients by regulating the IL-17A signaling pathway which plays an important role in the development of UC. METHODS HPLC was used to analyze the main ingredients (Gallic acid, Indigo, Indirubin) in QCSP. HT-29 cells were induced by rhIL-17A and TNF-α, and IL-17A related protein expressions were determined by western blot. BALB/C mice were induced by 4% Dextran Sodium sulfate (DSS). The effects of QCSP and its ingredients were evaluated by measuring weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, histological analysis. Western blot was used for analysis of IL-17A and MAPK related proteins p-ERK, p-JNK, p-P38. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) was used to detect the expression of IL-17A, HSP90 and ACT1 in colon tissue. Cytokines such as IL-17A, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α were determinated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS QCSP had good therapeutic effect on DSS-induced colitis in mice. QCSP significantly relieved weight loss, restored colon length, repaired colon lesions, reduced histological scores and DAI, decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17 and IFN-γ contents, significantly suppressed the gene expressions of IL-17A, ACT1 and HSP90, and up-regulated the expressions of tight junction proteins like ZO-1 and Occludin. IL-17A pathway related proteins such as IL-17A, IL-17RA, HSP90, MAPKs, P-iκbα and iNOS were significantly increased in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This paper reveals that QCSP inhibited the IL-17A signaling pathway in HT-29 cells and DSS induced mice, presenting a new mechanism of QCS on treating UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Zhou
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei-Song Kong
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Li
- Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Fang Xie
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | | | - Xin Zhou
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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19
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Tu P, Tian R, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Ling L, Li H, Chen D. Beneficial effect of Indigo Naturalis on acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus. Chin Med 2020; 15:128. [PMID: 33349263 PMCID: PMC7750395 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00415-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infections induced by influenza viruses, as well as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic induced by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to acute lung injury (ALI) and multi organ failure, during which traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) played an important role in treatment of the pandemic. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Indigo Naturalis on ALI induced by influenza A virus (IAV) in mice. Method The anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous extract of Indigo Naturalis (INAE) were evaluated in vitro. BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with IAV (H1N1) were treated intragastrically with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg/day) 2 h later for 4 or 7 days. Animal lifespan and mortality were recorded. Expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were evaluated through immunohistological staining. Inflammatory cytokines were also monitored by ELISA. Result INAE inhibited virus replication on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and decreased nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The results showed that oral administration of 160 mg/kg of INAE significantly improved the lifespan (P < 0.01) and survival rate of IAV infected mice, improved lung injury and lowered viral replication in lung tissue (P < 0.01). Treatment with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) significantly increased liver weight and liver index (P < 0.05), as well as weight and organ index of thymus and spleen at 160 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were reduced by INAE administration (P < 0.05). The expression of HMGB-1 and TLR4 in lung tissue were also suppressed. The increased production of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA) in lung tissue were inhibited by INAE treatment (P < 0.05). Treatment with INAE reduced the high levels of interferon α (IFN-α), interferon β (IFN-β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES), interferon induced protein-10 (IP-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.05), with increased production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results showed that INAE alleviated IAV induced ALI in mice. The mechanisms of INAE were associated with its anti-influenza, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties. Indigo Naturalis might have clinical potential to treat ALI induced by IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Ling
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Qi-Yue Y, Ting Z, Ya-Nan H, Sheng-Jie H, Xuan D, Li H, Chun-Guang X. From natural dye to herbal medicine: a systematic review of chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical applications of indigo naturalis. Chin Med 2020; 15:127. [PMID: 33317592 PMCID: PMC7734464 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Indigo naturalis is a blue dye in ancient, as well as an extensive used traditional Chinese medicine. It has a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties and can be used to treat numerous ailments such as leukemia, psoriasis, and ulcerative colitis. This article aims to expand our understanding of indigo naturalis in terms of its chemical constituents, pharmacological action and clinical applications. Methods We searched PubMed, web of science, CNKI, Google academic, Elsevier and other databases with the key words of “Indigo naturalis”, and reviewed and sorted out the modern research of indigo naturalis based on our research results. Results We outlined the traditional manufacturing process, chemical composition and quality control of indigo naturalis, systematically reviewed traditional applictions, pharmacological activities and mechanism of indigo naturalis, and summarized its clinical trials about treatment of psoriasis, leukemia and ulcerative colitis. Conclusions Indigo naturalis has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory and so on. It has very good clinical effect on psoriasis, leukemia and ulcerative colitis. However, it should be noted that long-term use of indigo naturalis may produce some reversible adverse reactions. In summarize, indigo naturalis is an extremely important drug with great value and potential.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qi-Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Ting
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - He Ya-Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Sheng-Jie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Deng Xuan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1188 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xie Chun-Guang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China.
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Chen M, Ding Y, Tong Z. Efficacy and Safety of Sophora flavescens (Kushen) Based Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Clinical Evidence and Potential Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:603476. [PMID: 33362558 PMCID: PMC7758483 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.603476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Radix Sophorae flavescentis (Kushen), a Chinese herb, is widely used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) with damp-heat accumulation syndrome (DHAS) according to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. Objective: The aim of this study was to illuminate the clinical efficacy and potential mechanisms of Kushen-based TCM formulations in the treatment of UC with DHAS. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Chongqing VIP Information database, and Wanfang database for articles published between January 2000 and July 2020 on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used Kushen-based TCM formulations in the treatment of UC with DHAS. A network pharmacology approach was conducted to detect the potential pathways of Kushen against UC with DHAS. Results: Eight RCTs with a total of 983 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the control subjects (5-aminosalicylic acid therapy), those who received Kushen-based TCM formulations for the treatment of UC showed a significantly higher clinical remission rate (RR = 1.20, 95% CI: [1.04, 1.38], p = 0.02) and lower incidence of adverse events (RR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.39, 1.01], p = 0.06). A component-target-pathway network was constructed, indicating five main components (quercetin, luteolin, matrine, formononetin, and phaseolin), three major targets (Interleukin-6, Myc proto-oncogene protein, and G1/S-specific cyclin-D1) and one key potential therapeutic pathway (PI3K-Akt signaling) of Kushen against UC with DHAS. Conclusion: Kushen-based TCM formulations provide good efficacy and possess great potential in the treatment of UC. Large-scale and high-quality clinical trials and experimental verification should be considered for further confirmation of the efficacy of Kushen-based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhanqi Tong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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Gu S, Xue Y, Gao Y, Shen S, Zhang Y, Chen K, Xue S, Pan J, Tang Y, Zhu H, Wu H, Dou D. Mechanisms of indigo naturalis on treating ulcerative colitis explored by GEO gene chips combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15204. [PMID: 32938944 PMCID: PMC7495487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of indigo naturalis (IN) can induce remission in ulcerative colitis (UC); however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The main active components and targets of IN were obtained by searching three traditional Chinese medicine network databases such as TCMSP and five Targets fishing databases such as PharmMapper. UC disease targets were obtained from three disease databases such as DrugBank,combined with four GEO gene chips. IN-UC targets were identified by matching the two. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed, and the core targets were screened according to the topological structure. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis and bioGPS localization were performed,and an Herbs-Components-Targets network, a Compound Targets-Organs location network, and a Core Targets-Signal Pathways network were established. Molecular docking technology was used to verify the main compounds-targets. Ten core active components and 184 compound targets of IN-UC, of which 43 were core targets, were enriched and analyzed by bioGPS, GO, and KEGG. The therapeutic effect of IN on UC may involve activation of systemic immunity, which is involved in the regulation of nuclear transcription, protein phosphorylation, cytokine activity, reactive oxygen metabolism, epithelial cell proliferation, and cell apoptosis through Th17 cell differentiation, the Jak-STAT and IL-17 signaling pathways, toll-like and NOD-like receptors, and other cellular and innate immune signaling pathways. The molecular mechanism underlying the effect of IN on inducing UC remission was predicted using a network pharmacology method, thereby providing a theoretical basis for further study of the effective components and mechanism of IN in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhen Gu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhang Heng Road, Pudong New area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhang Heng Road, Pudong New area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuyang Shen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhang Heng Road, Pudong New area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuli Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhang Heng Road, Pudong New area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kanjun Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhang Heng Road, Pudong New area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shigui Xue
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ji Pan
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yini Tang
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Emergency Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhang Heng Road, Pudong New area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Danbo Dou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhang Heng Road, Pudong New area, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Lee CL, Wang CM, Kuo YH, Yen HR, Song YC, Chou YL, Chen CJ. IL-17A inhibitions of indole alkaloids from traditional Chinese medicine Qing Dai. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 255:112772. [PMID: 32194230 PMCID: PMC7156250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qing Dai, a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is prepared by a traditional fermentation process with the aerial part of Strobilanthes cusia. Currently, this TCM could treat various clinical inflammatory diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and psoriasis, however, the bioactive components of Qing Dai are unknown clearly. AIM OF THE STUDY To isolate and identify the anti-IL-17A components of Qing Dai. MATERIALS AND METHODS Silica, RP-18 gels, and size exclusion resin were used for column chromatography to isolate the pure compounds. The structures of isolates were elucidated by NMR, MS, UV, IR spectra, and optical rotation. IL-17A protein and gene expressions were also evaluated in the Th17 cell model and luciferase reporter assay, respectively. RESULTS Two indole alkaloids, including one new indigodole D and cephalandole B, were isolated from Qing Dai. Indigodole D could inhibit IL-17A protein production during the Th17 polarization (EC50: 2.16 μg/mL) or after the polarization (EC50: 5.99 μg/mL) without cytotoxicity toward Th17 cells. Cephalandole B did not inhibit the IL-17A protein secretion. Nevertheless, both isolates notably inhibited IL-17A gene expression, especially cephalandole B, in a dose-dependent manner in Jukat cells with IL-17A luciferase reporter. CONCLUSIONS Indole alkaloids, indigodoles A, C, D, tryptanthrin, and indirubin could contribute to anti-IL 17A properties of Qing Dai. The possible biogenetic mechanisms of above-mentioned indoles were also speculated in this investigation for further promising anti-IL-17 lead drugs development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ming Wang
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan; Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chyi Song
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lun Chou
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.
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Cho B, Yoon SM, Son SM, Kim HW, Kim KB, Youn SJ. Ischemic colitis induced by indigo naturalis in a patient with ulcerative colitis: a case report. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:154. [PMID: 32414334 PMCID: PMC7229623 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigo naturalis is a Chinese herbal medicine that has currently been used to treat various inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis. Recently, there are several reports concerning severe adverse events associated with indigo naturalis. CASE PRESENTATION We described a case of a 44-year-old female with ulcerative colitis who presented with lower abdominal pain and hematochezia. She stopped taking her medicine for ulcerative colitis and started oral indigo naturalis 3 months before admission. Computed tomography showed segmental edematous wall thickening of the descending and sigmoid colon. Colonoscopy findings revealed erythema, edema, and submucosal hemorrhage, the surface of which presented a dark blue pigmentation. The histologic finding was consistent with ischemic colitis. We therefore considered an ischemic colitis induced by indigo naturalis, and the patient improved after supportive care and withdrawal of indigo naturalis. CONCLUSION Indigo naturalis has currently been used in the patients with ulcerative colitis as an alternative therapy. However, physicians should be aware of possible severe adverse events such as ischemic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungha Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 776, 1 Sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Soon Man Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 776, 1 Sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea.
| | - Seung-Myoung Son
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyoung Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 776, 1 Sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Ki Bae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 776, 1 Sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Sei Jin Youn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 776, 1 Sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
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