1
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Teba HE, Khalil IA, Gebreel RM, Fahmy LI, Sorogy HME. Development of antifungal fibrous ocular insert using freeze-drying technique. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:2520-2538. [PMID: 38366116 PMCID: PMC11291584 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Candida species is one of the pathogenic fungi of the eye responsible for keratitis that frequently causes vision impairment and blindness. Effective treatment requires long-term use of antifungal drugs, which is opposed by the defensive mechanisms of the eye and inadequate corneal penetration. The objective of this study was to develop a carrier for prolonged ocular application of fluconazole (FLZ) to treat keratitis. FLZ was encapsulated into chitosan fibrous matrices (F1-F4) using different chitosan concentrations (0.02, 0.1, 0.5, and 1%w/v, respectively) by freeze-drying as a single-step technique. Studying the morphology and surface properties of the inserts revealed a porous matrix with fibrous features with a large surface area. Thermal stability and chemical compatibility were confirmed by DSC/TGA/DTA and FT-IR, respectively. Loading capacity (LC) and entrapment efficiency (EE) were determined. According to the in vitro release study, F4 (0.11 mg mg-1 LC and 87.53% EE) was selected as the optimum insert because it had the most sustained release, with 15.85% burst release followed by 75.62% release within 12 h. Ex vivo corneal permeation study revealed a 1.2-fold increase in FLZ permeation from F4 compared to FLZ aqueous solution. Also, in the in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rabbits, F4 increased the AUC0-8 of FLZ by 9.3-fold and its concentration in aqueous humor was maintained above the MIC through the experimentation time. Studies on cytotoxicity (MTT assay) provide evidence for the safety and biocompatibility of F4. Therefore, the freeze-dried FLZ-loaded chitosan fibrous insert could be a promising candidate for treating ocular keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Teba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 12566, 6th of October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Islam A Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 12566, 6th of October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rana M Gebreel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 12566, 6th of October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa I Fahmy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 12451, 6th of October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba M El Sorogy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 12566, 6th of October, Giza, Egypt.
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2
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Charoo NA, Akanji O, Rahman Z, Khan AA, Badshah A. Risk-Based Approach for Defining Retest Dates for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Excipients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:903. [PMID: 39065753 PMCID: PMC11280389 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug substances and excipients must be stored in recommended storage conditions and should comply with their specifications during the retest period for their use in the manufacture of drug products. The ICH (International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use) and WHO (World Health Organization) regulatory guidelines mandate that after the retest period, the drug substances must be retested for compliance with the specification and then used immediately in the manufacture of the finished product. Although these substances can be retested multiple times, an emphasis is placed on immediate use following a retest and compliance with standards. The phrase "used immediately" is ambiguous and is left for interpretation. In this article, we will look at the various processes that must be completed to determine the retest date. In addition, we present a risk-based method for establishing retest dates and the time during which material can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem A. Charoo
- Aramed, 216, Laboratory Complex, Dubai Science Park, Dubai P.O. Box 478861, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Omotayo Akanji
- Katchey Laboratories, 26, Adeniyi, Adeniyi Jones Ave, Ogba, Ikeja 101233, Nigeria;
| | - Ziyaur Rahman
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Aqeel A. Khan
- Adcan Pharma LLC, ICAD, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 9824, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Aqal Badshah
- Adcan Pharma LLC, ICAD, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 9824, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.K.); (A.B.)
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3
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Ahangar AA, Qadri H, Malik AA, Mir MA, Shah AH, Dar AA. Physicochemical and Anti-fungal Studies of the Pharmaceutical Co-crystal/Salt of Fluconazole. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37254498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Crystal engineering is one green alternative to organic synthesis that can be used to manipulate molecular behavior promptly and economically. We report the preparation and characterization of the pharmaceutical organic salt (FLC-C) of fluconazole (FLC) and organosulfonate (NDSA-2H), based on the sulfonate-pyridinium supramolecular synthon. Structural studies validate the crystallization of the two-component stoichiometric crystal with two molecules of water in the triclinic P1̅ space group. The anticipated proton transfer between the crystal forms leads to ionic interactions, augmenting the organic salt's thermal stability. Hirshfeld studies of FLC-C help to understand the role and significance of different types of intermolecular interactions responsible for crystal packing. The structural and theoretical studies indicate the absence of π-π interactions in FLC-C, which account for the incipience of solid-state emission in the product. The solubility studies establish augmented aqueous solubility of FLC-C over pristine FLC at physiological pH values of 2 and 7. Interestingly, in in vitro studies, FLC-C appears to serve as a potential alternative to FLC, displaying a wide spectrum of antifungal activity. FLC-C is active against several human pathogenic yeast strains, including the leading and emerging Candida strains (Candida albicans and Candida auris, respectively), at comparable and/or lower drug concentrations without showing any enhanced host cell toxicity. Interestingly, the pharmaceutical co-crystal also displays fluorescence properties inside the Candida cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil A Ahangar
- Crystal Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006 Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Hafsa Qadri
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006 Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asif A Malik
- Crystal Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006 Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006 Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul Haseeb Shah
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006 Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aijaz A Dar
- Crystal Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006 Jammu and Kashmir, India
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4
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Pahwa R, Ahuja M. Nanocellulose-gellan cross-linked scaffolds for vaginal delivery of fluconazole. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:668-683. [PMID: 36592850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to formulate lyophilized fluconazole-loaded nanocellulose-gellan scaffolds cross-linked using trisodium trimetaphosphate as a vaginal drug delivery system. The effect of polymers (nanocellulose and gellan gum) and cross-linking agents on drug release and mucoadhesive strength were determined by approaching a two-factor three-level central composite experimental design. The optimal formulation of the fluconazole-loaded cross-linked rice or wheat nanocellulose-gellan based scaffolds comprised of the concentration of polymers (4.91 % w/v or 4.99 % w/v) and trisodium trimetaphosphate (16.43 % w/v or 15.83 % w/v), respectively. The infrared spectra confirmed the cross-linking of nanocellulose and gellan gum while the thermal graph revealed the higher thermal stability of cross-linked scaffolds. The diffractogram of the scaffolds unveiled their amorphous nature while the electron micrographs depict the porous nature of the fluconazole-loaded nanocellulose-gellan scaffolds. The phosphorylated cross-linked nanocellulose-gellan scaffolds represent more swelling (8-fold higher), porosity (>83 %), tensile strength (>34 MPa), and mucoadhesive strength (>1940 mN), and less enzymatic degradation rate over the non cross-linked scaffolds. The optimal batch of cross-linked nanocellulose-gellan scaffolds provided a sustained release of 99 % of fluconazole over 24 h with 1.19-fold higher ex-vivo vaginal permeation over the native scaffolds. In addition, the phosphorylated nanocellulose-gellan based scaffolds exhibit improved antifungal activity and non-cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimpy Pahwa
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Munish Ahuja
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
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5
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Hsu YH, Yu YH, Chou YC, Lu CJ, Lin YT, Ueng SWN, Liu SJ. Sustained Release of Antifungal and Antibacterial Agents from Novel Hybrid Degradable Nanofibers for the Treatment of Polymicrobial Osteomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043254. [PMID: 36834663 PMCID: PMC9966905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a drug delivery system with hybrid biodegradable antifungal and antibacterial agents incorporated into poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanofibers, facilitating an extended release of fluconazole, vancomycin, and ceftazidime to treat polymicrobial osteomyelitis. The nanofibers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, water contact angle analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The in vitro release of the antimicrobial agents was assessed using an elution method and a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The in vivo elution pattern of nanofibrous mats was assessed using a rat femoral model. The experimental results demonstrated that the antimicrobial agent-loaded nanofibers released high levels of fluconazole, vancomycin, and ceftazidime for 30 and 56 days in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Histological assays revealed no notable tissue inflammation. Therefore, hybrid biodegradable PLGA nanofibers with a sustainable release of antifungal and antibacterial agents may be employed for the treatment of polymicrobial osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Heng Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chao Chou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Steve Wen-Neng Ueng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.W.-N.U.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.W.-N.U.); (S.-J.L.)
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6
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Pahwa R, Ahuja M. Design and Development of Fluconazole-Loaded Nanocellulose-Eudragit Vaginal Drug Delivery System. J Pharm Innov 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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7
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Preparation and advanced characterization of highly drug-loaded, 3D printed orodispersible tablets containing fluconazole. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122444. [PMID: 36503848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the possibility of designing various spatial structures, three-dimensional printing can be implemented in the production of customized medicines. Nevertheless, the use of these methods for the production of dosage forms requires further optimization, understanding, and development of printouts' quality verification mechanisms. Therefore, the goal of our work was the preparation and advanced characterization of 3D printed orodispersible tablets (ODTs) containing fluconazole, printed by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. We prepared and analyzed 7 printable filaments containing from 10% to 70% fluconazole, used as model API. Obtaining a FDM-printable filament with such a high API content makes our work unique. In addition, we confirmed the 12-month stability of the formulation, which, to our knowledge, is the first study of this type. Next, we printed 10 series of porous tablets containing 50 mg of API from both fresh and stored filaments containing 20 %, 40 %, or 70 % fluconazole. We confirmed the high quality and precision of the printouts using scanning electron microscopy. The detailed analysis of the tablets' disintegration process included the Pharmacopeial test, but also the surface dissolution imaging analysis (SDI) and the test simulating oral conditions performed in own-constructed apparatus. For each composition, we obtained tablets disintegrating in less than 3 min, i.e., meeting the criteria for ODTs required by the European Pharmacopeia. The filaments' storage at ambient conditions did not affect the quality of the tablets. All printed tablets released over 95% of the fluconazole within 30 min. Moreover, the printouts were stable for two weeks.
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8
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Yu H, Zhang B, Liu M, Xing W, Hu K, Yang S, He G, Gong N, Du G, Lu Y. Design, Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Five Cocrystal Hydrates of Fluconazole with Hydroxybenzoic Acids. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112486. [PMID: 36432677 PMCID: PMC9694130 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To modulate the physicochemical properties of fluconazole (FLZ), a multifunctional antifungal drug, the crystal engineering technique was employed. In this paper, five novel cocrystal hydrates of FLZ with a range of phenolic acids from the GRAS list, namely, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (24DHB), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (34DHB, form I and form II), 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (35DHB), and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (345THB) were disclosed and reported for the first time. Crystals of these five hydrates were all obtained for single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. Robust (hydroxyl/carboxyl) O-H. . . Narom hydrogen bonds between acids and FLZ triazolyl moiety were observed to be dominant in guiding these crystal forms. The water molecule plays the role of supramolecular "linkage" in the strengthening and stabilization of these hydrates by interacting with FLZ and acids through O-H. . . O hydrogen bonds. In particular, the formation of FLZ-34DHB-H2O (1:1:1) significantly reduces hygroscopicity and hence improves the stability of FLZ, the latter of which is unstable and easily transforms into its monohydrate form. Increased initial dissolution rates were observed in the obtained cocrystal forms, and an enhanced intrinsic dissolution rate was obtained in FLZ-35DHB-H2O (1:1:1) in comparison with commercialized FLZ form II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Baoxi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meiju Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenhui Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kun Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shiying Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guorong He
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ningbo Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (Y.L.)
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9
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Rimpy, Ahuja M. Fluconazole-loaded TEOS-modified nanocellulose 3D scaffolds – Fabrication, characterization and its application as vaginal drug delivery system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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10
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Al Hujran TA, Magharbeh MK, Habashneh AY, Al-Dmour RS, Aboelela A, Tawfeek HM. Insight into the Inclusion Complexation of Fluconazole with Sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene in Aqueous Solution, Solid-State, and Its Antimycotic Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144425. [PMID: 35889298 PMCID: PMC9317573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to assess the interaction between fluconazole and sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene towards enhancing its dissolution performance and antimycotic activity. A solubility study was carried out at different pH conditions, and the results revealed the formation of a 1:1 molar ratio fluconazole-sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene inclusion complex with an AL type phase solubility diagrams. The solid powder systems of fluconazole-sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene were prepared using kneaded and co-evaporation techniques and physical mixtures. DCS, PXRD, TGA-DTG, FT-IR, and in vitro dissolution performance characterize the prepared systems. According to physicochemical characterization, the co-evaporation approach produces an amorphous inclusion complex of the drug inside the cavity of sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene. The co-evaporate product significantly increased the drug dissolution rate up to 93 ± 1.77% within 10 min, unlike other prepared solid powders. The antimycotic activity showed an increase substantially (p ≤ 0.05, t-test) antimycotic activity of fluconazole co-evaporate mixture with sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene compared with fluconazole alone against clinical strains of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. In conclusion, sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene could be considered an efficient complexing agent for fluconazole to enhance its aqueous solubility, dissolution performance, and antimycotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayel A Al Hujran
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Mousa K Magharbeh
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Almeqdad Y Habashneh
- The Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Rasha S Al-Dmour
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Ashraf Aboelela
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Hesham M Tawfeek
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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11
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Nowak M, Dyba AJ, Janczak J, Morritt A, Fábián L, Karolewicz B, Khimyak YZ, Braun DE, Nartowski KP. Directing Crystallization Outcomes of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Polymorphs, Solvates, and Desolvation Pathways of Fluconazole. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:456-471. [PMID: 35050637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Control over polymorphism and solvatomorphism in API assisted by structural information, e.g., molecular conformation or associations via hydrogen bonds, is crucial for the industrial development of new drugs, as the crystallization products differ in solubility, dissolution profile, compressibility, or melting temperature. The stability of the final formulation and technological factors of the pharmaceutical powders further emphasize the importance of precise crystallization protocols. This is particularly important when working with highly flexible molecules with considerable conformational freedom and a large number of hydrogen bond donors or acceptors (e.g., fluconazole, FLU). Here, cooling and suspension crystallization were applied to access polymorphs and solvates of FLU, a widely used azole antifungal agent with high molecular flexibility and several reported polymorphs. Each of four polymorphic forms, FLU I, II, III, or IV, can be obtained from the same set of alcohols (MeOH, EtOH, isPrOH) and DMF via careful control of the crystallization conditions. For the first time, two types of isostructural channel solvates of FLU were obtained (nine new structures). Type I solvates were prepared by cooling crystallization in Tol, ACN, DMSO, BuOH, and BuON. Type II solvates formed in DCM, ACN, nPrOH, and BuOH during suspension experiments. We propose desolvation pathways for both types of solvates based on the structural analysis of the newly obtained solvates and their desolvation products. Type I solvates desolvate to FLU form I by hydrogen-bonded chain rearrangements. Type II solvates desolvation leads first to an isomorphic desolvate, followed by a phase transition to FLU form II through hydrogen-bonded dimer rearrangement. Combining solvent-mediated phase transformations with structural analysis and solid-state NMR, supported by periodic electronic structure calculations, allowed us to elucidate the interrelations and transformation pathways of FLU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Nowak
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra J Dyba
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Janczak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1410, Okólna 2 str., 50-950 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alexander Morritt
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - László Fábián
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Doris E Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karol P Nartowski
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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12
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Akay S, Kayan B, Martínez F. Solubility of fluconazole in (ethanol + water) mixtures: Determination, correlation, dissolution thermodynamics and preferential solvation. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Aqueous solubility and chromatographic studies of antifungal drug-fluconazole at high temperature conditions. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Rewak-Soroczynska J, Sobierajska P, Targonska S, Piecuch A, Grosman L, Rachuna J, Wasik S, Arabski M, Ogorek R, Wiglusz RJ. New Approach to Antifungal Activity of Fluconazole Incorporated into the Porous 6-Anhydro-α-l-Galacto-β-d-Galactan Structures Modified with Nanohydroxyapatite for Chronic-Wound Treatments-In Vitro Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3112. [PMID: 33803717 PMCID: PMC8003069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New fluconazole-loaded, 6-Anhydro-α-l-Galacto-β-d-Galactan hydrogels incorporated with nanohydroxyapatite were prepared and their physicochemical features (XRD, X-ray Diffraction; SEM-EDS, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy; ATR-FTIR, Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), fluconazole release profiles and enzymatic degradation were determined. Antifungal activity of pure fluconazole was tested using Candida species (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabarata), Cryptococcus species (C. neoformans, C. gatti) and Rhodotorula species (R. mucilaginosa, R. rubra) reference strains and clinical isolates. Standard microdilution method was applied, and fluconazole concentrations of 2-250 µg/mL were tested. Moreover, biofilm production ability of tested isolates was tested on the polystyrene surface at 28 and 37 ± 0.5 °C and measured after crystal violet staining. Strains with the highest biofilm production ability were chosen for further analysis. Confocal microscopy photographs were taken after live/dead staining of fungal suspensions incubated with tested hydrogels (with and without fluconazole). Performed analyses confirmed that polymeric hydrogels are excellent drug carriers and, when fluconazole-loaded, they may be applied as the prevention of chronic wounds fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Rewak-Soroczynska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.-S.); (P.S.); (S.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Paulina Sobierajska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.-S.); (P.S.); (S.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Sara Targonska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.-S.); (P.S.); (S.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Agata Piecuch
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.); (R.O.)
| | - Lukasz Grosman
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.-S.); (P.S.); (S.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Jaroslaw Rachuna
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (J.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Slawomir Wasik
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Swietokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Michal Arabski
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (J.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Rafal Ogorek
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.); (R.O.)
| | - Rafal J. Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.-S.); (P.S.); (S.T.); (L.G.)
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15
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Stabilisation and Growth of Metastable Form II of Fluconazole in Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:pharmaceutics12010012. [PMID: 31877666 PMCID: PMC7023302 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallisation of metastable drug polymorphs in polymer matrices has been reported as a successful approach to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drug molecules. This can be achieved using different polymers, drug to polymer ratios and formulation techniques enabling the formation of stable nuclei and subsequent growth of new or metastable drug polymorphs. In this work we elucidated the polymorphism behaviour of a model compound fluconazole (FLU) embedded in solid dispersions with amorphous Soluplus® (SOL) obtained using spray drying and fusion methods. The effect of humidity on the stability of FLU in the obtained dispersions was also evaluated. FLU at a drug content below 40 wt. % stayed amorphous in the dispersions prepared using the fusion method and crystallised exclusively into metastable form II at a drug content above 40 wt. % and 70% relative humidity (RH) conditions. In contrast, a mixture of forms I, II and hydrate of FLU was detected in the spray dried formulations after 14 days of storage at 40 °C/40% RH, with preferential growth of thermodynamically stable form I of FLU. This study highlights the importance of preparation techniques and the drug:polymer ratio in the formulation of amorphous solid dispersions and provides further understanding of the complex crystallisation behaviour of amorphous pharmaceuticals encapsulated in the polymer matrixes.
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16
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Qusa MH, Siddique AB, Nazzal S, El Sayed KA. Novel olive oil phenolic (-)-oleocanthal (+)-xylitol-based solid dispersion formulations with potent oral anti-breast cancer activities. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118596. [PMID: 31394181 PMCID: PMC6765396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have compellingly documented the ability of the Mediterranean diet rich in extra-virgin olive oil to reduce the incidence of certain malignancies, and cardiovascular diseases, and slow the Alzheimer's disease progression. S-(-)-Oleocanthal (OC) was identified as the most bioactive olive oil phenolic with documented anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-Alzheimer's activities. OC consumption causes irritating sensation at the oropharynx via activation of TRPA1. Accordingly, a taste-masked formulation of OC is needed for its future use as a nutraceutical while maintaining its bioactivity and unique chemistry. Therefore, the goal of this study was to prepare a taste-masked OC solid formulation with improved dissolution and pharmacodynamic profiles, by using (+)-xylitol as an inert carrier. Xylitol was hypothesized to serve as an ideal vehicle for the preparation of OC solid dispersions due to its low melting point and sweetness. The optimized OC-(+)-xylitol solid dispersion was physically and chemically characterized and showed effective taste masking and enhanced dissolution properties. Furthermore, OC-(+)-xylitol solid dispersion maintained potent in vivo anti-breast cancer activity. It effectively suppressed the human triple negative breast cancer development, growth, and recurrence after primary tumor surgical excision in nude mice orthotopic xenograft models. Collectively, these results suggest the OC-(+)-xylitol solid dispersion formulation as a potential nutraceutical for effective control and prevention of human triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Qusa
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - Sami Nazzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5920 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75235, United States
| | - Khalid A El Sayed
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, United States.
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17
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In Silico Prediction of Plasma Concentrations of Fluconazole Capsules with Different Dissolution Profiles and Bioequivalence Study Using Population Simulation. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11050215. [PMID: 31060289 PMCID: PMC6571621 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A biowaiver is accepted by the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) for immediate-release solid oral products containing Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class I drugs showing rapid drug dissolution. This study aimed to simulate plasma concentrations of fluconazole capsules with different dissolution profiles and run population simulation to evaluate their bioequivalence. The dissolution profiles of two batches of the reference product Zoltec® 150 mg capsules, A1 and A2, and two batches of other products (B1 and B2; C1 and C2), as well as plasma concentration–time data of the reference product from the literature, were used for the simulations. Although products C1 and C2 had drug dissolutions < 85% in 30 min at 0.1 M HCl, simulation results demonstrated that these products would show the same in vivo performance as products A1, A2, B1, and B2. Population simulation results of the ln-transformed 90% confidence interval for the ratio of Cmax and AUC0–t values for all products were within the 80–125% interval, showing to be bioequivalent. Thus, even though the in vitro dissolution behavior of products C1 and C2 was not equivalent to a rapid dissolution profile, the computer simulations proved to be an important tool to show the possibility of bioequivalence for these products.
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18
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Owoyemi BCD, da Silva CCP, Diniz LF, Souza MS, Ellena J, Carneiro RL. Fluconazolium oxalate: synthesis and structural characterization of a highly soluble crystalline form. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01729h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fluconazole (FLZ) is one of the most used antifungal drugs worldwide and has been the focus of various investigations with the aim of enhancing its biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolaji C. Dayo Owoyemi
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar
- ZIP 13560-905 São Carlos – SP
- Brazil
| | - Cecilia C. P. da Silva
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar
- ZIP 13560-905 São Carlos – SP
- Brazil
| | - Luan F. Diniz
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Matheus S. Souza
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Javier Ellena
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Renato L. Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar
- ZIP 13560-905 São Carlos – SP
- Brazil
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19
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Bustos‐Terrones V, Serratos IN, Vargas R, Landeros‐Rivera BC, Bustos‐Terrones YA, Soto Estrada AM, Vicente Escobar JO, Romero Romo MA, Uruchurtu J, Menchaca C, Esparza Schulz JM, Domínguez A. SBA15-Fluconazole as a Protective Approach Against Mild Steel Corrosion: Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Studies. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:984-994. [PMID: 30524924 PMCID: PMC6276104 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A SBA15-Fluconazole composite (SBA15-Flu) was prepared to formulate a self-healing coating for mild steel. The composite was obtained by dispersing SBA15 in a methanolic solution containing Fluconazole (Flu). The materials were characterized by using different techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for protective behavior evaluation of the coatings on mild steel substrates in an electrolytic solution prepared from sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate. The EIS results indicate that the inhibitor trapped in the SiO2 matrix is released when it comes into contact the aggressive solution, thus protecting the metal. To understand the inhibitor release mechanism, docking studies were used to model the SBA15-Flu complex, which allowed us to further determine polar and non-polar contributions to the binding free energy. An analysis of the electron density within the quantum theory of atoms in molecules and the non-covalent interaction index frameworks were also carried out for the most favorable models of SBA15-Flu. The results indicate that the liberation rate of the Flu molecules is mainly determined by the formation of strong O-H⋅⋅⋅O, O-H⋅⋅⋅N, and O-H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Bustos‐Terrones
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaSan Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. VicentinaCiudad de México, C.P.09340Mexico
| | - Iris N. Serratos
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaSan Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. VicentinaCiudad de México, C.P.09340Mexico
| | - Rubicelia Vargas
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaSan Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. VicentinaCiudad de México, C.P.09340Mexico
| | - Bruno C. Landeros‐Rivera
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaSan Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. VicentinaCiudad de México, C.P.09340Mexico
| | - Yaneth A. Bustos‐Terrones
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación—Ingeniería AmbientalInstituto Tecnológico de CuliacánJuan de Dios Batiz 310, Col. Guadalupe, CuliacánSinaloa C.P.80220Mexico
| | - Ana M. Soto Estrada
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaSan Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. VicentinaCiudad de México, C.P.09340Mexico
| | - Jonathan O. Vicente Escobar
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaSan Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. VicentinaCiudad de México, C.P.09340Mexico
| | - Mario A. Romero Romo
- Área Ingeniería de MaterialesUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-AzcapotzalcoAv. San Pablo 180, Col. ReynosaCiudad de México, C.P.02200Mexico
| | - Jorge Uruchurtu
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCentro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias AplicadasAv. Universidad 1009, Col. Chamilpa, CuernavacaMorelos C.P.60010Mexico
| | - Carmina Menchaca
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCentro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias AplicadasAv. Universidad 1009, Col. Chamilpa, CuernavacaMorelos C.P.60010Mexico
| | - Juan M. Esparza Schulz
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaSan Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. VicentinaCiudad de México, C.P.09340Mexico
| | - Armando Domínguez
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaSan Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. VicentinaCiudad de México, C.P.09340Mexico
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20
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Darwesh B, Aldawsari HM, Badr-Eldin SM. Optimized Chitosan/Anion Polyelectrolyte Complex Based Inserts for Vaginal Delivery of Fluconazole: In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040227. [PMID: 30424501 PMCID: PMC6321472 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Fluconazole, used orally for vaginal candidiasis, has reported gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, researchers directed towards the drug vaginal delivery. However, vaginal delivery is limited by poor retention and leakage. Thus, this work aimed at exploring chitosan/anion polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) for the formulation of fluconazole vaginal inserts with controlled release and appreciable mucoadhesion. (2) Methods: PECs were prepared and assessed for interactions. Fluconazole PEC based vaginal inserts were prepared by lyophilization using mannitol. 3151 factorial design was applied to investigate the effect of the anion type and Chitosan/anion ratio on the inserts mucoadhesion and release properties. The optimized insert [based on 5:5 chitosan: anionic polymer (sodium alginate)] release was modulated by the release retardant; Compritol® 888. The selected formulation was subjected to microbiological and histological evaluation. (3) Results: Fluconazole inserts showed satisfactory drug content, acceptable friability percentages and highest swelling indices at six hours. Statistical analysis showed significant effect of the studied factors on detachment force and release properties. Microbiological assays revealed significantly higher antifungal activity of inserts compared to fluconazole solution. Reduced inflammatory cells were confirmed by histological evaluation. (4) Conclusion: CH/Alg based vaginal insert could be a promising platform for vaginal delivery of antifungal drugs used for vaginal candidiasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Darwesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hibah M Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaimaa M Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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21
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Franklin SJ, Younis US, Myrdal PB. Estimating the Aqueous Solubility of Pharmaceutical Hydrates. J Pharm Sci 2017; 105:1914-1919. [PMID: 27238488 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of crystalline solute solubility is well documented throughout the literature. However, the anhydrous crystal form is typically considered with these models, which is not always the most stable crystal form in water. In this study, an equation which predicts the aqueous solubility of a hydrate is presented. This research attempts to extend the utility of the ideal solubility equation by incorporating desolvation energetics of the hydrated crystal. Similar to the ideal solubility equation, which accounts for the energetics of melting, this model approximates the energy of dehydration to the entropy of vaporization for water. Aqueous solubilities, dehydration and melting temperatures, and log P values were collected experimentally and from the literature. The data set includes different hydrate types and a range of log P values. Three models are evaluated, the most accurate model approximates the entropy of dehydration (ΔSd) by the entropy of vaporization (ΔSvap) for water, and utilizes onset dehydration and melting temperatures in combination with log P. With this model, the average absolute error for the prediction of solubility of 14 compounds was 0.32 log units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Usir S Younis
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Paul B Myrdal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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22
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Charoo NA, Cristofoletti R, Kim SK. Integrating biopharmaceutics risk assessment and in vivo absorption model in formulation development of BCS class I drug using the QbD approach. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:668-677. [PMID: 28032517 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1278013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinically relevant critical quality attributes (CQA's) were identified for the development of generic drug products containing fluconazole and potential design spaces relevant to the clinical application of the drug candidate was explored. SIGNIFICANCE A simplified scoring system for the biopharmaceutics risk assessment roadmap (BioRAM) is proposed to guide product development. METHODS Factorial design of experiments was employed to study the effect of formulation and process variables on CQA's. The in vivo model was developed for predicting the fraction of drug absorbed and to identify the effect of formulation components on drug absorption. RESULTS BioRAM yielded low scores for fluconazole absorption with respect to severity (risks of sub and supra-bioavailable drug products), probability of incidence of bioinequivalent results and capacity of detection. The results demonstrated that dissolution was highly influenced by the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) polymorphism and the ratio of diluents. Process variables (mixing time, lubricant concentration, lubrication time and filling speed) did not impact the clinical outcome of the formulation with respect to dissolution and content uniformity. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the clinical implications of the adopted formulation approach led to the construction of purposeful design space and control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem A Charoo
- a Zeino Therapeutics , Khalifa Industrial Zone , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- b Division of Therapeutic Equivalence , Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) , Brasilia , Brazil.,c Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Sun K Kim
- d QbD Works LLC , Fremont , CA , USA
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23
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Chandrasekaran K, Thilak Kumar R. Structural, spectral, thermodynamical, NLO, HOMO, LUMO and NBO analysis of fluconazole. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:974-991. [PMID: 26123515 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluconazole is an efficient antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. The molecular structure, fundamental vibrational wavenumber and intensity of the vibrational bands are interpreted, aided by density functional theory method. The results of the calculations were applied to simulated spectra of the title compound, which show excellent agreement with observed spectra. The vibrational analysis of the title compound has been carried out using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra. Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital analysis. The present investigation is extended to calculate the HOMO-LUMO energy gap, polarizability, Mulliken charges and thermodynamical properties of fluconazole at different temperature. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gap shows that the charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The frontier orbital and molecular electrostatic potential surface studies have been employed to understand the active sites of fluconazole. Nonlinear optical properties related to polarizability and hyperpolarizability are also discussed. The absorption characteristics and solvent analysis of fluconazole have been made using UV-Vis spectroscopic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chandrasekaran
- Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R Thilak Kumar
- Department of Physics, Periyar Arts College, Cuddalore 607001, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Charoo N, Cristofoletti R, Graham A, Lartey P, Abrahamsson B, Groot D, Kopp S, Langguth P, Polli J, Shah VP, Dressman J. Biowaiver Monograph for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Fluconazole. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3843-3858. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Santos OMM, Reis MED, Jacon JT, Lino MEDS, Simões JS, Doriguetto AC. Polymorphism: an evaluation of the potential risk to the quality of drug products from the Farmácia Popular Rede Própria. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502011000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphism in solids is a common phenomenon in drugs, which can lead to compromised quality due to changes in their physicochemical properties, particularly solubility, and, therefore, reduce bioavailability. Herein, a bibliographic survey was performed based on key issues and studies related to polymorphism in active pharmaceutical ingredient (APIs) present in medications from the Farmácia Popular Rede Própria. Polymorphism must be controlled to prevent possible ineffective therapy and/or improper dosage. Few mandatory tests for the identification and control of polymorphism in medications are currently available, which can result in serious public health concerns.
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26
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Bourichi H, Brik Y, Hubert P, Cherrah Y, Bouklouze A. Solid-state characterization and impurities determination of fluconazol generic products marketed in Morocco. J Pharm Anal 2012; 2:412-421. [PMID: 29403776 PMCID: PMC5760925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report the results of quality control based in physicochemical characterization and impurities determination of three samples of fluconazole drug substances marketed in Morocco. These samples were supplied by different pharmaceuticals companies. The sample A, as the discovered product, was supplied by Pfizer, while samples B and C (generics), were manufactured by two different Indian industries. Solid-state characterization of the three samples was realized with different physicochemical methods as: X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry. High performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the impurities in the different samples. The results from the physicochemical methods cited above, showed difference in polymorph structure of the three drug substances. Sample A consisted in pure polymorph III, sample B consisted in pure polymorph II, sample C consisted in a mixture of fluconazole Form III, form II and the monohydrate. This result was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. Also it was demonstrated that solvents used during the re-crystallization step were among the origins of these differences in the structure form. On the other hand, the result of the stability study under humidity and temperature showed that fluconazole polymorphic transformation could be owed to the no compliance with the conditions of storage. The HPLC analysis of these compounds showed the presence of specific impurities for each polymorphic form, and a possible relationship could be exist between impurities and crystalline form of fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bourichi
- Research Team of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis—Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Soussi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Youness Brik
- Physicochemical Service, Drugs Quality Control Laboratory, Division of Drugs and Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Philipe Hubert
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM (university of liège) B36-B40000, liège l, Belgium
| | - Yahia Cherrah
- Research Team of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis—Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Soussi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Bouklouze
- Research Team of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis—Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Soussi, Rabat, Morocco
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27
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Ziémons E, Bourichi H, Mantanus J, Rozet E, Lebrun P, Essassi E, Cherrah Y, Bouklouze A, Hubert P. Determination of binary polymorphic mixtures of fluconazole using near infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction: A comparative study based on the pre-validation stage results. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:1208-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Corrêa JCR, Salgado HRN. Review of Fluconazole Properties and Analytical Methods for Its Determination. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2011.588924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Corrêa JCR, Salgado HRN. Review of Fluconazole Properties and Analytical Methods for Its Determination. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2011.557980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Obaidat RM, Alkhamis KA, Salem MS. Determination of factors affecting kinetics of solid-state transformation of fluconazole polymorph II to polymorph I using diffuse reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 36:570-80. [PMID: 20050728 DOI: 10.3109/03639040903358181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was of interest to investigate the factors affecting kinetics of transformation of fluconazole polymorph II (the metastable form) to fluconazole polymorph I (the stable form) using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). METHOD Fluconazole polymorphs I and II both were prepared by crystallization in dichloromethane. The two forms were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, solubility, and DRIFTS. Transformation of polymorph II to polymorph I was also studied under different isothermal temperatures using DRIFTS. Kinetic analyses of the data were done using model-dependent and model-independent methods. Eighteen solid-state reaction models were used to interpret the experimental results. RESULTS Based on statistics, the Prout-Tompkins model provided the best fit for the transformation. The activation energy (E(a)) value derived from the rate constants of the Prout-Tompkins model was 329 kJ/mol. Model-independent analysis was also applied to the experimental results. The average values calculated using both methods were not significantly different. Factors affecting kinetics of transformation such as mechanical factors, relative humidity, and the effect of seeding were also studied. Mechanical factors, which included trituration and compression, proved to enhance transformation rate significantly. Relative humidity proved to transform both polymorphs to monohydrate form. The presence of seed crystals of polymorph I was proved not to affect the transformation process of polymorph II to polymorph I. Effect of solvent of crystallization (dichloromethane) was studied. A significant change of the rate of transformation was proved in the presence of solvent vapors, and a change on the mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M Obaidat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Inclusion complexes of fluconazole with β-cyclodextrin: physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation of its formulation. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-010-9908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Park HJ, Kim MS, Kim JS, Cho W, Park J, Cha KH, Kang YS, Hwang SJ. Solid-State Carbon NMR Characterization and Investigation of Intrinsic Dissolution Behavior of Fluconazole Polymorphs, Anhydrate Forms I and II. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:1243-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jun Park
- Center for Nanotechnology-Based New Drug Dosage Form, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Center for Nanotechnology-Based New Drug Dosage Form, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University
| | - Jeong-Soo Kim
- Center for Nanotechnology-Based New Drug Dosage Form, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University
| | - Wonkyung Cho
- Center for Nanotechnology-Based New Drug Dosage Form, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University
| | - Junsung Park
- Center for Nanotechnology-Based New Drug Dosage Form, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University
| | - Kwang-Ho Cha
- Center for Nanotechnology-Based New Drug Dosage Form, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University
| | - Young-Shin Kang
- Center for Nanotechnology-Based New Drug Dosage Form, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University
| | - Sung-Joo Hwang
- Center for Nanotechnology-Based New Drug Dosage Form, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University
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Park HJ, Kim MS, Lee S, Kim JS, Woo JS, Park JS, Hwang SJ. Recrystallization of fluconazole using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process. Int J Pharm 2006; 328:152-60. [PMID: 16959448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process was used to modify solid state characteristics of fluconazole. Fluconazole was recrystallized at various temperatures (60-80 degrees C) and pressures (8-16MPa) using dichloromethane (DCM) as a solvent. Acetone and ethanol were also employed as solvents. The fluconazole polymorphs prepared by the SAS process were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the equilibrium solubility of the samples in aqueous solution was determined. Fluconazole anhydrate form I was obtained at low temperature (40 degrees C) and anhydrate form II was obtained at high temperature (80 degrees C). The variation of pressure during the SAS process may influence the preferred orientation. Anhydrate forms I and II were also obtained using various solvents. Therefore, it was shown that solid state characteristics of fluconazole, including the polymorphic form and preferred orientation, can be controlled by changing operating conditions of the SAS process such as temperature, pressure, and solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jun Park
- National Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Alkhamis KA, Salem MS, Obaidat RM. Comparison between dehydration and desolvation kinetics of fluconazole monohydrate and fluconazole ethylacetate solvate using three different methods. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95:859-70. [PMID: 16489604 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It was of interest to study the dehydration and the desolvation of fluconazole monohydrate and ethyl acetate solvate respectively and also to determine the kinetics of dehydration and desolvation using thermogravimetry (TGA). Fluconazole monohydrate and ethyl acetate solvate were prepared by crystallization in water and in ethyl acetate solvent respectively. The dehydration and the desolvation processes were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, powder X-ray diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The weight changes of the fluconazole monohydrate and ethyl acetate solvate samples were monitored by isothermal TGA. Kinetic analyses of isothermal TGA data were done using model dependent and model independent methods. Various heating rates were also employed in different TGA samples, in order to apply the Ozawa method to determine the kinetic parameters. Eighteen solid-state reaction models were used to interpret the isothermal TGA experiments. Based on statistics, the three-dimensional phase boundary reaction model provided the best fit of the monohydrate data while the three-dimensional diffusion model provided the best fit for the ethyl acetate solvate data. The activation energy (E(a)) values derived from rate constants of the aforementioned models were 90 +/- 11 and 153 +/- 11 kJ/mol for fluconazole monohydrate and ethyl acetate solvate respectively. Model independent analysis and the Ozawa method were also applied to the experimental results. Based on the results obtained from the model dependent, model independent and the Ozawa method, the mechanisms of the dehydration and the desolvation were determined.
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Abstract
Polymorphism of drug substances has been the subject of intense investigation in the pharmaceutical field for over 40 years. Considering the multitude of reports on solubility or dissolution of polymorphs in the literature, an attempt is made in this study to answer the question: How big is the impact of polymorphism on solubility? A large number of literature reports on solubility or dissolution of polymorphs were reviewed and the data were analyzed for trends in solubility ratio of polymorphs. The general trend reveals that the ratio of polymorph solubility is typically less than 2, although occasionally higher ratios can be observed. A similar trend is also observed for anhydrate/hydrate solubility ratios, although anhydrate/hydrate solubility ratios appear to be more spread out and higher than the typical ratio for nonsolvated polymorphs. An attempt is also made in this commentary to estimate the ratio of solubilities of polymorphs from thermal data. The trend in estimated solubility ratio shows good agreement with the one observed with experimentally determined solubility values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Pudipeddi
- Pharmaceutical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, USA.
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Caira MR, Alkhamis KA, Obaidat RM. Preparation and crystal characterization of a polymorph, a monohydrate, and an ethyl acetate solvate of the antifungal fluconazole. J Pharm Sci 2004; 93:601-11. [PMID: 14762899 DOI: 10.1002/jps.10541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and solid-state characterization of three crystalline modifications of the antifungal agent fluconazole [2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis-(1H-124-triazol-1-yl)-propan-2-ol] are reported. Recrystallization of fluconazole from propan-2-ol yielded a polymorph (Form III), whereas the solvents water and ethyl acetate yielded the solvated products fluconazole monohydrate and fluconazole. (ethyl acetate)(0.25), respectively. These species were analyzed by thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FTIR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Availability of the hitherto unknown crystal structures facilitated interpretation of the thermal data and clarified previous findings relating to the polymorphism of this compound. Fluconazole was found to exist as a centrosymmetric hydrogen bonded dimer in Form III. For the solvated phases, the solvent locations within the drug host matrices were established as isolated sites for water molecules and constricted channels for ethyl acetate molecules. Desolvation of the monohydrate and ethyl acetate solvate yielded polymorphic Form I. Reference PXRD patterns computed from the refined single-crystal X-ray data for the title compounds are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mino R Caira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, P.D. Hahn Building, Room B 201, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Western Cape 7701, South Africa.
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