1
|
An J, Yang H, Park SM, Chwae YJ, Joe EH. The LRRK2-G2019S mutation attenuates repair of brain injury partially by reducing the release of osteopontin-containing monocytic exosome-like vesicles. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 197:106528. [PMID: 38740348 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injury has been suggested as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, defects in the brain's intrinsic capacity to repair injury may result in the accumulation of damage and a progressive loss of brain function. The G2019S (GS) mutation in LRRK2 (leucine rich repeat kinase 2) is the most prevalent genetic alteration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we sought to investigate how this LRRK2-GS mutation affects repair of the injured brain. METHODS Brain injury was induced by stereotaxic injection of ATP, a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) component, into the striatum of wild-type (WT) and LRRK2-GS mice. Effects of the LRRK2-GS mutation on brain injury and the recovery from injury were examined by analyzing the molecular and cellular behavior of neurons, astrocytes, and monocytes. RESULTS Damaged neurons express osteopontin (OPN), a factor associated with brain repair. Following ATP-induced damage, monocytes entered injured brains, phagocytosing damaged neurons and producing exosome-like vesicles (EVs) containing OPN through activation of the inflammasome and subsequent pyroptosis. Following EV production, neurons and astrocytes processes elongated towards injured cores. In LRRK2-GS mice, OPN expression and monocytic pyroptosis were decreased compared with that in WT mice, resulting in diminished release of OPN-containing EVs and attenuated elongation of neuron and astrocyte processes. In addition, exosomes prepared from injured LRRK2-GS brains induced neurite outgrowth less efficiently than those from injured WT brains. CONCLUSIONS The LRRK2-GS mutation delays repair of injured brains through reduced expression of OPN and diminished release of OPN-containing EVs from monocytes. These findings suggest that the LRRK2-GS mutation may promote the development of PD by delaying the repair of brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei An
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Haijie Yang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Chwae
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang HL, Doblin S, Zhang ZW, Song ZJ, Dinesh B, Tabana Y, Saad DS, Adam Ahmed Adam M, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhang HL, Wu S, Zhao R, Khaled B. Elucidating the molecular basis of ATP-induced cell death in breast cancer: Construction of a robust prognostic model. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:208-242. [PMID: 38455130 PMCID: PMC10915939 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i2.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a multifaceted and formidable disease with profound public health implications. Cell demise mechanisms play a pivotal role in breast cancer pathogenesis, with ATP-triggered cell death attracting mounting interest for its unique specificity and potential therapeutic pertinence. AIM To investigate the impact of ATP-induced cell death (AICD) on breast cancer, enhancing our understanding of its mechanism. METHODS The foundational genes orchestrating AICD mechanisms were extracted from the literature, underpinning the establishment of a prognostic model. Simultaneously, a microRNA (miRNA) prognostic model was constructed that mirrored the gene-based prognostic model. Distinctions between high- and low-risk cohorts within mRNA and miRNA characteristic models were scrutinized, with the aim of delineating common influence mechanisms, substantiated through enrichment analysis and immune infiltration assessment. RESULTS The mRNA prognostic model in this study encompassed four specific mRNAs: P2X purinoceptor 4, pannexin 1, caspase 7, and cyclin 2. The miRNA prognostic model integrated four pivotal miRNAs: hsa-miR-615-3p, hsa-miR-519b-3p, hsa-miR-342-3p, and hsa-miR-324-3p. B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages exhibited inverse correlations with risk scores across all breast cancer subtypes. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that genes differentially expressed in response to mRNA risk scores significantly enriched 25 signaling pathways, while miRNA risk scores significantly enriched 29 signaling pathways, with 16 pathways being jointly enriched. CONCLUSION Of paramount significance, distinct mRNA and miRNA signature models were devised tailored to AICD, both potentially autonomous prognostic factors. This study's elucidation of the molecular underpinnings of AICD in breast cancer enhances the arsenal of potential therapeutic tools, offering an unparalleled window for innovative interventions. Essentially, this paper reveals the hitherto enigmatic link between AICD and breast cancer, potentially leading to revolutionary progress in personalized oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Sandai Doblin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Zhong-Wen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Song
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Babu Dinesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Yasser Tabana
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Dahham Sabbar Saad
- Department of Science, University of Technology and Applied Sciences Rustaq, Rustaq 10 P.C. 329, Oman
| | - Mowaffaq Adam Ahmed Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pathology Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hao-Long Zhang
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Sen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Rui Zhao
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Barakat Khaled
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang HL, Sandai D, Zhang ZW, Song ZJ, Babu D, Tabana Y, Dahham SS, Adam Ahmed Adam M, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhang HL, Zhao R, Barakat K, Harun MSR, Shapudin SNM, Lok B. Adenosine triphosphate induced cell death: Mechanisms and implications in cancer biology and therapy. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:549-569. [PMID: 38179405 PMCID: PMC10762532 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i12.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induced cell death (AICD) is a critical cellular process that has garnered substantial scientific interest for its profound relevance to cancer biology and to therapeutic interventions. This comprehensive review unveils the intricate web of AICD mechanisms and their intricate connections with cancer biology. This review offers a comprehensive framework for comprehending the multifaceted role of AICD in the context of cancer. This is achieved by elucidating the dynamic interplay between systemic and cellular ATP homeostasis, deciphering the intricate mechanisms governing AICD, elucidating its intricate involvement in cancer signaling pathways, and scrutinizing validated key genes. Moreover, the exploration of AICD as a potential avenue for cancer treatment underscores its essential role in shaping the future landscape of cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Doblin Sandai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Zhong-Wen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Song
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Yasser Tabana
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Sabbar Saad Dahham
- Department of Science, University of Technology and Applied Sciences Rustaq, Rustaq 10 P.C. 329, Oman
| | - Mowaffaq Adam Ahmed Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Pathology Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hao-Long Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Rui Zhao
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Mohammad Syamsul Reza Harun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurfatimah Mohd Shapudin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Bronwyn Lok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang W, Zhang H, Sandai D, Zhao R, Bai J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang HL, Song ZJ. ATP-induced cell death: a novel hypothesis for osteoporosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1324213. [PMID: 38161333 PMCID: PMC10755924 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1324213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-induced cell death has emerged as a captivating realm of inquiry with profound ramifications in the context of osteoporosis. This study unveils a paradigm-shifting hypothesis that illuminates the prospective involvement of ATP-induced cellular demise in the etiology of osteoporosis. Initially, we explicate the morphological attributes of ATP-induced cell death and delve into the intricacies of the molecular machinery and regulatory networks governing ATP homeostasis and ATP-induced cell death. Subsequently, our focus pivots towards the multifaceted interplay between ATP-induced cellular demise and pivotal cellular protagonists, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, accentuating their potential contributions to secondary osteoporosis phenotypes, encompassing diabetic osteoporosis, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Furthermore, we probe the captivating interplay between ATP-induced cellular demise and alternative modalities of cellular demise, encompassing apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. Through an all-encompassing inquiry into the intricate nexus connecting ATP-induced cellular demise and osteoporosis, our primary goal is to deepen our comprehension of the underlying mechanisms propelling this malady and establish a theoretical bedrock to underpin the development of pioneering therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haolong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Doblin Sandai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rui Zhao
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinxia Bai
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Pathology Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zhi-Jing Song
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hernandez CA, Eugenin EA. The role of Pannexin-1 channels, ATP, and purinergic receptors in the pathogenesis of HIV and SARS-CoV-2. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 73:102404. [PMID: 37734241 PMCID: PMC10838406 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Infectious agents such as human immune deficiency virus-1 (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) use host proteins to infect, replicate, and induce inflammation within the host. A critical component of these diseases is the axis between pannexin-1 channels, extracellular ATP, and purinergic receptors. Here, we describe the potential therapeutic role of Pannexin-1/purinergic approaches to prevent or reduce the devastating consequences of these pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A Hernandez
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scherr BF, Reiner MF, Baumann F, Höhne K, Müller T, Ayata K, Müller-Quernheim J, Idzko M, Zissel G. Prevention of M2 polarization and temporal limitation of differentiation in monocytes by extracellular ATP. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:11. [PMID: 37353774 PMCID: PMC10288684 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) modulate immunologic pathways and are considered to be a danger signal in inflammation, lung fibrosis and cancer. Macrophages can be classified into two main types: M1 macrophages are classically activated, pro-inflammatory macrophages, whereas M2 macrophages are alternatively activated, pro-fibrotic macrophages. In this study, we examined the effect of ATP on differentiation of native human monocytes into these macrophage subtypes. We characterized M1 and M2 like macrophages by their release of Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18), respectively. RESULTS Monocytes were stimulated with ATP or the P2X7 receptor agonist Benzoylbenzoyl-ATP (Bz-ATP), and the production of various cytokines was analyzed, with a particular focus on CCL18 and IL-1β, along with the expression of different purinergic receptors. Over a 72 h period of cell culture, monocytes spontaneously differentiated to M2 like macrophages, as indicated by an increased release of CCL18. Immediate stimulation of monocytes with ATP resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in CCL18 release, but had no effect on the concentration of IL-1β. In contrast, delayed stimulation with ATP had no effect on either CCL18 or IL-1β release. Similar results were observed in a model of inflammation using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes. Stimulation with the P2X7 receptor agonist Bz-ATP mimicked the effect of ATP on M2-macrophage differentiation, indicating that P2X7 is involved in ATP-induced inhibition of CCL18 release. Indeed, P2X7 was downregulated during spontaneous M2 differentiation, which may partially explain the ineffectiveness of late ATP stimulation of monocytes. However, pre-incubation of monocytes with PPADS, Suramin (unselective P2X- and P2Y-receptor blockers) and KN62 (P2X7-antagonist) failed to reverse the reduction of CCL18 by ATP. CONCLUSIONS ATP prevents spontaneous differentiation of monocytes into M2-like macrophages in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These effects were not mediated by P2X and P2Y receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt F Scherr
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4 5thFloor, 79106 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Reiner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Baumann
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Höhne
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4 5thFloor, 79106 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4 5thFloor, 79106 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Korcan Ayata
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4 5thFloor, 79106 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Müller-Quernheim
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4 5thFloor, 79106 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Idzko
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4 5thFloor, 79106 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Zissel
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4 5thFloor, 79106 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lampiasi N. The Migration and the Fate of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050742. [PMID: 37237554 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from dental pulp and derived from the neural crest. They can differentiate into odontoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and nerve cells, and they play a role in tissue repair and regeneration. In fact, DPSCs, depending on the microenvironmental signals, can differentiate into odontoblasts and regenerate dentin or, when transplanted, replace/repair damaged neurons. Cell homing depends on recruitment and migration, and it is more effective and safer than cell transplantation. However, the main limitations of cell homing are the poor cell migration of MSCs and the limited information we have on the regulatory mechanism of the direct differentiation of MSCs. Different isolation methods used to recover DPSCs can yield different cell types. To date, most studies on DPSCs use the enzymatic isolation method, which prevents direct observation of cell migration. Instead, the explant method allows for the observation of single cells that can migrate at two different times and, therefore, could have different fates, for example, differentiation and self-renewal. DPSCs use mesenchymal and amoeboid migration modes with the formation of lamellipodia, filopodia and blebs, depending on the biochemical and biophysical signals of the microenvironment. Here, we present current knowledge on the possible intriguing role of cell migration, with particular attention to microenvironmental cues and mechanosensing properties, in the fate of DPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Lampiasi
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schwab FD, Scheidmann MC, Ozimski LL, Kling A, Armbrecht L, Ryser T, Krol I, Strittmatter K, Nguyen-Sträuli BD, Jacob F, Fedier A, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Wicki A, Dittrich PS, Aceto N. MyCTC chip: microfluidic-based drug screen with patient-derived tumour cells from liquid biopsies. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:130. [PMID: 36561926 PMCID: PMC9763115 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients with advanced disease are characterized by intrinsic challenges in predicting drug response patterns, often leading to ineffective treatment. Current clinical practice for treatment decision-making is commonly based on primary or secondary tumour biopsies, yet when disease progression accelerates, tissue biopsies are not performed on a regular basis. It is in this context that liquid biopsies may offer a unique window to uncover key vulnerabilities, providing valuable information about previously underappreciated treatment opportunities. Here, we present MyCTC chip, a novel microfluidic device enabling the isolation, culture and drug susceptibility testing of cancer cells derived from liquid biopsies. Cancer cell capture is achieved through a label-free, antigen-agnostic enrichment method, and it is followed by cultivation in dedicated conditions, allowing on-chip expansion of captured cells. Upon growth, cancer cells are then transferred to drug screen chambers located within the same device, where multiple compounds can be tested simultaneously. We demonstrate MyCTC chip performance by means of spike-in experiments with patient-derived breast circulating tumour cells, enabling >95% capture rates, as well as prospective processing of blood from breast cancer patients and ascites fluid from patients with ovarian, tubal and endometrial cancer, where sensitivity to specific chemotherapeutic agents was identified. Together, we provide evidence that MyCTC chip may be used to identify personalized drug response patterns in patients with advanced metastatic disease and with limited treatment opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne D. Schwab
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C. Scheidmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lauren L. Ozimski
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André Kling
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Armbrecht
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Till Ryser
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ilona Krol
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Strittmatter
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bich Doan Nguyen-Sträuli
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francis Jacob
- Department of Biomedicine, Ovarian Cancer Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Fedier
- Department of Biomedicine, Ovarian Cancer Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, Ovarian Cancer Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Wicki
- University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lou J, Sagar R, Best MD. Metabolite-Responsive Liposomes Employing Synthetic Lipid Switches Driven by Molecular Recognition Principles. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2882-2891. [PMID: 36174148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability to exert control over lipid properties, including structure, charge, function, and self-assembly characteristics is a powerful tool that can be implemented to achieve a wide range of biomedical applications. Examples in this arena include the development of caged lipids for controlled activation of signaling properties, metabolic labeling strategies for tracking lipid biosynthesis, lipid activity probes for identifying cognate binding partners, approaches for in situ membrane assembly, and liposome triggered release strategies. In this Account, we describe recent advancements in the latter area entailing the development of stimuli-responsive liposomes through programmable changes to lipid self-assembly properties, which can be harnessed to drive the release of encapsulated contents toward applications including drug delivery. We will focus on an emerging paradigm involving liposomal platforms that are sensitized toward chemical agents ranging from metal cations to small organic molecules that exhibit dysregulation in disease states. This has been achieved by developing synthetic lipid switches that are designed to undergo programmed conformational changes upon the recognition of specific target analytes. These structural alterations are leveraged to perturb the packing of lipids within the membrane and thereby drive the release of encapsulated contents.We provide an overview of the inspiration, design, and characterization of liposomes that selectively respond to wide-ranging target analytes. This series of studies began with the development of calcium-responsive liposomes utilizing a lipid switch inspired by sensors including indo-1. Following this successful demonstration, we next showed that the selectivity of the lipid switch could be altered among different metal cations by producing a liposomal platform for which release is induced through zinc binding. Our next goal was to develop metabolite-responsive liposomes in which switching is driven by molecular recognition events involving phosphorylated small molecules. In this work, screening of lipid switches designed to interact with phosphorylated metabolites led to the identification of liposomal formulations that selectivity release contents in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Finally, we were able to modulate the metabolite selectivity by rationally designing a modified lipid switch structure that is activated through complexation of inositol-(1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP3). These projects show the progression of our approaches for liposome release triggered by molecular recognition principles, building from ion-responsive lipid switches to structures that are activated by small molecules. These "smart" liposomal platforms provide an important addition to the toolbox for controlled cargo release since they respond to ions or small molecules that are commonly overproduced by diseased cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ruhani Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lou J, Schuster JA, Barrera FN, Best MD. ATP-Responsive Liposomes via Screening of Lipid Switches Designed to Undergo Conformational Changes upon Binding Phosphorylated Metabolites. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3746-3756. [PMID: 35171601 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Liposomal delivery vehicles can dramatically enhance drug transport. However, their clinical application requires enhanced control over content release at diseased sites. For this reason, triggered release strategies have been explored, although a limited toolbox of stimuli has thus far been developed. Here, we report a novel strategy for stimuli-responsive liposomes that release encapsulated contents in the presence of phosphorylated small molecules. Our formulation efforts culminated in selective cargo release driven by ATP, a universal energy source that is upregulated in diseases such as cancer. Specifically, we developed lipid switches 1a-b bearing two ZnDPA units designed to undergo substantial conformational changes upon ATP binding, thereby disrupting membrane packing and triggering the release of encapsulated contents. Dye leakage assays using the hydrophobic dye Nile red validated that ATP-driven release was selective over 11 similar phosphorylated metabolites, and release of the hydrophilic dye calcein was also achieved. Multiple alternative lipid switch structures were synthesized and studied (1c-d and 2), which provided insights into the structural features that render 1a-b selective toward ATP-driven release. Importantly, analysis of cellular delivery using fluorescence microscopy in conjunction with pharmacological ATP manipulation showed that liposome delivery was specific, as it increased upon intracellular ATP accumulation, and was inhibited by ATP downregulation. Our new approach shows strong prospects for enhancing the selectivity of release and payload delivery to diseased cells driven by metabolites such as ATP, providing an exciting new paradigm for controlled release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jennifer A Schuster
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Francisco N Barrera
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Ecto-5
′
nucleotidase/CD73 Mediates Leishmania amazonensis Survival in Macrophages. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9928362. [PMID: 35187176 PMCID: PMC8856795 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9928362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous nucleotides produced by various group of cells under inflammatory conditions act as potential danger signals in vivo. Extracellularly released nucleotides such as ATP are rapidly hydrolyzed to adenosine by the coordinated ectonucleotidase activities of CD39 and CD73. Leishmania is an obligate intracellular parasite of macrophages and capable of modulating host immune response in order to survive and multiply within host cells. In this study, the activity of CD73 induced by Leishmania amazonensis in infected macrophages has been investigated and correlated with parasite survival and infection in vitro. For this, the expression of CD39 and CD73, by flow cytometry, in murine peritoneal macrophages infected with metacyclic promastigotes of L. amazonensis has been analyzed. Our results showed that L. amazonensis-infected macrophages, unlike LPS-treated macrophages, increased CD73 expression. It was also noted that when CD73 enzymatic activity was blocked by α, β-methyleneadenosine 5′-diphosphate sodium salt (APCP), macrophage parasitism was significantly decreased. Interestingly, these effects were not associated with the production of TNF-α, IL-10, or nitric oxide (NO). Together, these data demonstrate that L. amazonensis induces a regulatory phenotype in macrophages, which by activating the CD39/CD73 pathway allows parasite survival through the action of immunomodulatory adenosine receptors.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pregnant Women and Endocrine Disruptors: Role of P2X7 Receptor and Mitochondrial Alterations in Placental Cell Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030495. [PMID: 35159304 PMCID: PMC8834275 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In pregnant women, the lungs, skin and placenta are exposed daily to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs induce multiple adverse effects, not only on endocrine organs, but also on non-endocrine organs, with the P2X7 cell death receptor being potentially the common key element. Our objective was first to investigate mechanisms of EDCs toxicity in both endocrine and non-endocrine cells through P2X7 receptor activation, and second, to compare the level of activation in lung, skin and placental cells. In addition, apoptosis in placental cells was studied because the placenta is the most exposed organ to EDCs and has essential endocrine functions. A total of nine EDCs were evaluated on three human cell models. We observed that the P2X7 receptor was not activated by EDCs in lung non-endocrine cells but was activated in skin and placenta cells, with the highest activation in placenta cells. P2X7 receptor activation and apoptosis are pathways shared by all tested EDCs in endocrine placental cells. P2X7 receptor activation along with apoptosis induction could be key elements in understanding endocrine placental and skin disorders induced by EDCs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wong J, Gu BJ, Teoh H, Krupa M, Monif M, Slee M, Wiley JS. Flow Cytometry Identifies an Early Stage of Platelet Apoptosis Produced by Agonists of the P2X1 and P2X7 Receptors. Platelets 2022; 33:621-631. [PMID: 35042433 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1981844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelets express P2X1 receptors and our data also show the expression of P2X7 receptors. We studied the role of both receptors in platelet apoptosis by incubation of PRP with P2X agonists, then centrifuged to remove viable platelets, and analyzed the supernatant by flow cytometry to identify a sparse platelet-derived population that stained with MitoTracker dyes and CD41. BzATP, a potent agonist of P2X receptors, and ABT737, an activator of intrinsic apoptosis, produced altered platelets that stained moderately for annexin V and corresponded to an early stage apoptotic platelet (ESAP). Over a range of BzATP concentrations, we observed a dose-dependent formation of ESAPs between 5 and 500 uM BzATP, together with a variable formation of ESAPs at nanomolar ATP or BzATP (50-200 nM). Production of ESAPs occurred with αβ-meATP, while responses with either BzATP or αβ-meATP showed desensitization at a higher agonist concentration. Formation of ESAPs by either 100 nM or 0.5 mM BzATP was inhibited by preincubation of platelets with latrunculin A, an inhibitor of the actin cytoskeleton that prevents apoptosis. ESAP production was totally inhibited by preincubation of platelets with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, which removes cholesterol from lipid rafts. Our data show that both P2X1 and P2X7 receptors are localized in platelet lipid rafts where P2X-agonists act to produce early stage apoptotic platelets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joelyn Wong
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben J Gu
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harry Teoh
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Krupa
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mark Slee
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - James S Wiley
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Haematology Department, Box Hill Hospital, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kwon JK, Choi DJ, Yang H, Ko DW, Jou I, Park SM, Joe EH. Kir4.1 is coexpressed with stemness markers in activated astrocytes in the injured brain and a Kir4.1 inhibitor BaCl 2 negatively regulates neurosphere formation in culture. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:565-574. [PMID: 34697267 PMCID: PMC8552822 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.6.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are activated in response to brain damage. Here, we found that expression of Kir4.1, a major potassium channel in astrocytes, is increased in activated astrocytes in the injured brain together with upregulation of the neural stem cell markers, Sox2 and Nestin. Expression of Kir4.1 was also increased together with that of Nestin and Sox2 in neurospheres formed from dissociated P7 mouse brains. Using the Kir4.1 blocker BaCl2 to determine whether Kir4.1 is involved in acquisition of stemness, we found that inhibition of Kir4.1 activity caused a concentration-dependent increase in sphere size and Sox2 levels, but had little effect on Nestin levels. Moreover, induction of differentiation of cultured neural stem cells by withdrawing epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor from the culture medium caused a sharp initial increase in Kir4.1 expression followed by a decrease, whereas Sox2 and Nestin levels continuously decreased. Inhibition of Kir4.1 had no effect on expression levels of Sox2 or Nestin, or the astrocyte and neuron markers glial fibrillary acidic protein and β-tubulin III, respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that Kir4.1 may control gain of stemness but not differentiation of stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyung Kwon
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Dong-Joo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Haijie Yang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Dong Wan Ko
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dillard C, Borde C, Mohammad A, Puchois V, Jourdren L, Larsen AK, Sabbah M, Maréchal V, Escargueil AE, Pramil E. Expression Pattern of Purinergic Signaling Components in Colorectal Cancer Cells and Differential Cellular Outcomes Induced by Extracellular ATP and Adenosine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111472. [PMID: 34768902 PMCID: PMC8583864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purine nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is known for its fundamental role in cellular bioenergetics. However, in the last decades, different works have described emerging functions for ATP, such as that of a danger signaling molecule acting in the extracellular space on both tumor and stromal compartments. Beside its role in immune cell signaling, several studies have shown that high concentrations of extracellular ATP can directly or indirectly act on cancer cells. Accordingly, it has been reported that purinergic receptors are widely expressed in tumor cells. However, their expression pattern is often associated with contradictory cellular outcomes. In this work, we first investigated gene expression profiles through "RNA-Sequencing" (RNA Seq) technology in four colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (HT29, LS513, LS174T, HCT116). Our results demonstrate that CRC cells mostly express the A2B, P2X4, P2Y1, P2Y2 and P2Y11 purinergic receptors. Among these, the P2Y1 and P2Y2 coding genes are markedly overexpressed in all CRC cells compared to the HCEC-1CT normal-like colonic cells. We then explored the cellular outcomes induced by extracellular ATP and adenosine. Our results show that in terms of cell death induction extracellular ATP is consistently more active than adenosine against CRC, while neither compound affected normal-like colonic cell survival. Intriguingly, while for the P2Y2 receptor pharmacological inhibition completely abolished the rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ observed after ATP exposure in all CRC cell lines, Ca2+ mobilization only impacted the cellular outcome for HT29. In contrast, non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibition completely abolished the effects of extracellular ATP on CRC cells, suggesting that cAMP and/or cGMP levels might determine cellular outcome. Altogether, our study provides novel insights into the characterization of purinergic signaling in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Dillard
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Chloé Borde
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Ammara Mohammad
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, F-75005 Paris, France; (A.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Virginie Puchois
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
- Alliance for Research in Cancerology—APREC, Tenon Hospital, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Jourdren
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, F-75005 Paris, France; (A.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Annette K. Larsen
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Vincent Maréchal
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Alexandre E. Escargueil
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-49-28-46-44
| | - Elodie Pramil
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
- Alliance for Research in Cancerology—APREC, Tenon Hospital, F-75020 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Song B, Lee SJ, Kim CH. Roles of Cytokines in the Temporal Changes of Microglial Membrane Currents and Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Efficacy in ATP-Induced Cortical Injury Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136853. [PMID: 34202215 PMCID: PMC8268462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are important neuroinflammatory modulators in neurodegenerative brain disorders including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. However, their temporal effects on the physiological properties of microglia and neurons during the recovery period have been unclear. Here, using an ATP-induced cortical injury model, we characterized selective effects of ATP injection compared to needle-control. In the damaged region, the fluorescent intensity of CX3CR1-GFP (+) cells, as well as the cell density, was increased and the maturation of newborn BrdU (+) cells continued until 28 day-post-injection (dpi) of ATP. The excitability and synaptic E/I balance of neurons and the inward and outward membrane currents of microglia were increased at 3 dpi, when expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10/IL-4 were also enhanced. These changes of both cells at 3 dpi were mostly decayed at 7 dpi and were suppressed by any of IL-10, IL-4, suramin (P2 receptor inhibitor) and 4-AP (K+ channel blocker). Acute ATP application alone induced only small effects from both naïve neurons and microglial cells in brain slice. However, TNF-α alone effectively increased the excitability of naïve neurons, which was blocked by suramin or 4-AP. TNF-α and IL-1β increased and decreased membrane currents of naïve microglia, respectively. Our results suggest that ATP and TNF-α dominantly induce the physiological activities of 3 dpi neurons and microglia, and IL-10 effectively suppresses such changes of both activated cells in K+ channel- and P2 receptor-dependent manner, while IL-4 suppresses neurons preferentially.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Song
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Neuroscience Program, Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sung-Joong Lee
- Program in Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Chong-Hyun Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Neuroscience Program, Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Drill M, Jones NC, Hunn M, O'Brien TJ, Monif M. Antagonism of the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor: a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:215-227. [PMID: 33728582 PMCID: PMC8155177 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X receptor 7 (P2X7R) is a plasma membrane receptor sensing extracellular ATP associated with a wide variety of cellular functions. It is most commonly expressed on immune cells and is highly upregulated in a number of human cancers where it can play a trophic role in tumorigenesis. Activation of this receptor leads to the formation of a non-selective cation channel, which has been associated with several cellular functions mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway and protein kinases. Due to its broad range of functions, the receptor represents a potential therapeutic target for a number of cancers. This review describes the range of mechanisms associated with P2X7R activation in cancer settings and highlights the potential of targeted inhibition of P2X7R as a therapy. It also describes in detail a number of key P2X7R antagonists currently in pre-clinical and clinical development, including oxidised ATP, Brilliant Blue G (BBG), KN-62, KN-04, A740003, A438079, GSK1482160, CE-224535, JNJ-54175446, JNJ-55308942, and AZ10606120. Lastly, it summarises the in vivo studies and clinical trials associated with the use and development of these P2X7R antagonists in different disease contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Drill
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Melbourne University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin Hunn
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Physiology, Melbourne University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Seo JH, Dalal MS, Contreras JE. Pannexin-1 Channels as Mediators of Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105189. [PMID: 34068881 PMCID: PMC8156193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a major component of central nervous system (CNS) injuries and neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain, and brain trauma. The activation of innate immune cells at the damage site causes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which alter the functionality of nearby tissues and might mediate the recruitment of leukocytes to the injury site. If this process persists or is exacerbated, it prevents the adequate resolution of the inflammation, and ultimately enhances secondary damage. Adenosine 5′ triphosphate (ATP) is among the molecules released that trigger an inflammatory response, and it serves as a chemotactic and endogenous danger signal. Extracellular ATP activates multiple purinergic receptors (P2X and P2Y) that have been shown to promote neuroinflammation in a variety of CNS diseases. Recent studies have shown that Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels are the principal conduits of ATP release from dying cells and innate immune cells in the brain. Herein, we review the emerging evidence that directly implicates Panx-1 channels in the neuroinflammatory response in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ho Seo
- Department of Neurology and Nash Family, Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Miloni S. Dalal
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA;
| | - Jorge E. Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA;
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-530-754-2770
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bisphenol A, Bisphenol F, and Bisphenol S: The Bad and the Ugly. Where Is the Good? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040314. [PMID: 33916708 PMCID: PMC8066465 DOI: 10.3390/life11040314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bisphenol A (BPA), a reprotoxic and endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been substituted by alternative bisphenols such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) in the plastic industry. Despite their detection in placenta and amniotic fluids, the effects of bisphenols on human placental cells have not been characterized. Our objective was to explore in vitro and to compare the toxicity of BPA to its substitutes BPF and BPS to highlight their potential risks for placenta and then pregnancy. Methods: Human placenta cells (JEG-Tox cells) were incubated with BPA, BPF, and BPS for 72 h. Cell viability, cell death, and degenerative P2X7 receptor and caspases activation, and chromatin condensation were assessed using microplate cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Results: Incubation with BPA, BPF, or BPS was associated with P2X7 receptor activation and chromatin condensation. BPA and BPF induced more caspase-1, caspase-9, and caspase-3 activation than BPS. Only BPF enhanced caspase-8 activity. Conclusions: BPA, BPF, and BPS are all toxic to human placental cells, with the P2X7 receptor being a common key element. BPA substitution by BPF and BPS does not appear to be a safe alternative for human health, particularly for pregnant women and their fetuses.
Collapse
|
20
|
Endo KI, Sakamoto A, Fujisawa K. Diquafosol tetrasodium elicits total cholesterol release from rabbit meibomian gland cells via P2Y 2 purinergic receptor signalling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6989. [PMID: 33772064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86433-66989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diquafosol tetrasodium (DQS), a purinergic P2Y2 receptor agonist, stimulates secretion of both water and mucins from the conjunctiva into tears. Hence, DQS-containing eye drops have been approved as a therapeutic option for dry eye disease in some Asian countries, including Japan. Recent clinical reports state that instilling DQS-containing eye drops significantly increases the lipid layer thickness in tears. Therefore, we examined this compound's direct actions on holocrine lipid-secreting meibomian gland cells and their function. Isolated meibomian gland cells (meibocytes) were procured from rabbits and cultivated in serum-free culture medium. Differentiated meibocytes with pioglitazone were used for the subsequent experiments. Intracellular Ca2+ signalling of the cells was dramatically elevated with DQS addition in a dose-dependent manner. This DQS-induced elevation was almost completely cancelled by the coexistence of the selective P2Y2 receptor antagonist AR-C118925XX. DQS treatment also facilitated total cholesterol (TC) release from cells into the medium. This effect of DQS on TC was suppressed significantly by the intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM as well as by AR-C118925XX. DNA fragmentation analysis revealed that DQS may have enhanced the apoptotic DNA fragmentation caused spontaneously by cells. Thus, DQS could stimulate meibocytes to release lipids through the P2Y2 receptor and possibly facilitate holocrine cell maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Endo
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, Research and Development Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 8916-16 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101, Japan.
| | - Asuka Sakamoto
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, Research and Development Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 8916-16 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101, Japan
| | - Koushi Fujisawa
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, Research and Development Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 8916-16 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Diquafosol tetrasodium elicits total cholesterol release from rabbit meibomian gland cells via P2Y 2 purinergic receptor signalling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6989. [PMID: 33772064 PMCID: PMC7997929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diquafosol tetrasodium (DQS), a purinergic P2Y2 receptor agonist, stimulates secretion of both water and mucins from the conjunctiva into tears. Hence, DQS-containing eye drops have been approved as a therapeutic option for dry eye disease in some Asian countries, including Japan. Recent clinical reports state that instilling DQS-containing eye drops significantly increases the lipid layer thickness in tears. Therefore, we examined this compound’s direct actions on holocrine lipid-secreting meibomian gland cells and their function. Isolated meibomian gland cells (meibocytes) were procured from rabbits and cultivated in serum-free culture medium. Differentiated meibocytes with pioglitazone were used for the subsequent experiments. Intracellular Ca2+ signalling of the cells was dramatically elevated with DQS addition in a dose-dependent manner. This DQS-induced elevation was almost completely cancelled by the coexistence of the selective P2Y2 receptor antagonist AR-C118925XX. DQS treatment also facilitated total cholesterol (TC) release from cells into the medium. This effect of DQS on TC was suppressed significantly by the intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM as well as by AR-C118925XX. DNA fragmentation analysis revealed that DQS may have enhanced the apoptotic DNA fragmentation caused spontaneously by cells. Thus, DQS could stimulate meibocytes to release lipids through the P2Y2 receptor and possibly facilitate holocrine cell maturation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ullah S, El-Gamal MI, El-Gamal R, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Shehata MK, Anbar HS, Iqbal J. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies of novel pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as both ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase inhibitors and antiproliferative agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113339. [PMID: 33744686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) together with nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) and alkaline phosphatases (APs) are nucleotidases located at the surface of the cells. NPP1 and NPP3 are important members of NPP family that are known as druggable targets for a number of disorders such as impaired calcification, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Sulfonylurea derivatives have been reported as antidiabetic and anticancer agents, therefore, we synthesized and investigated series of sulfonylurea derivatives 1a-m possessing pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine core as inhibitors of NPP1 and NPP3 isozymes that are over-expressed in cancer and diabetes. The enzymatic evaluation highlighted compound 1a as selective NPP1 inhibitor, however, 1c was observed as the most potent inhibitor of NPP1 with an IC50 value of 0.80 ± 0.04 μM. Compound 1l was found to be the most potent and moderately selective inhibitor of NPP3 (IC50 = 0.55 ± 0.01 μM). Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity assays of compounds 1a-m against MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cell lines exhibited compound 1c (IC50 = 4.70 ± 0.67 μM), and 1h (IC50 = 1.58 ± 0.20 μM) as the most cytotoxic compounds against MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cell lines, respectively. Both of the investigated compounds showed high degree of selectivity towards cancer cells than normal cells (WI-38). Molecular docking studies of selective and potent enzyme inhibitors revealed promising mode of interactions with important binding sites residues of both isozymes i.e., Thr256, His380, Lys255, Asn277 residues of NPP1 and His329, Thr205, and Leu239 residues of NPP3. In addition, the most potent antiproliferative agent, compound 1h, doesn't produce hypoglycemia as a side effect when injected to mice. This is an additional merit of the promising compound 1h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ullah
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Randa El-Gamal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mahmoud K Shehata
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanan S Anbar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, 19099, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
An J, Yang H, Yang E, Chung S, Kim DY, Jou I, Park SM, Kim BG, Chwae YJ, Joe EH. Dying neurons conduct repair processes in the injured brain through osteopontin expression in cooperation with infiltrated blood monocytes. Glia 2020; 69:1037-1052. [PMID: 33300228 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The brain has an intrinsic capacity to repair injury, but the specific mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we found that, despite their incipient death, damaged neurons play a key repair role with the help of monocytes infiltrated from blood. Monocytes phagocytosed damaged and/or dying neurons that expressed osteopontin (OPN), with possible subsequent activation of their inflammasome pathway, resulting in pyroptosis. During this process, monocytes released CD63-positive exosome-like vesicles containing OPN. Importantly, following the exosome-like vesicles, neuron and astrocyte processes elongated toward the injury core. In addition, exosomes prepared from the injured brain contained OPN, and enhanced neurite outgrowth of cultured neurons in an OPN-dependent manner. Thus, our results introduce the concept that neurons in the injured brain that are destined to die perceive the stressful condition and begin the regeneration processes through induction of OPN, ultimately executing the repair process with the help of monocytes recruited from the circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei An
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Haijie Yang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooyoung Chung
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Byung Gon Kim
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Chwae
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Seppan P, Muhammed I, Mohanraj KG, Lakshmanan G, Premavathy D, Muthu SJ, Wungmarong Shimray K, Sathyanathan SB. Therapeutic potential of Mucuna pruriens (Linn.) on ageing induced damage in dorsal nerve of the penis and its implication on erectile function: an experimental study using albino rats. Aging Male 2020; 23:313-326. [PMID: 29447059 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1439005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna pruriens on damaged dorsal nerve of the penis (DNP) in aged rat in relation to penile erection. METHODS The rats were divided into four groups Young (3 months), Aged (24 - 28 months), Aged + M. pruriens, and Young + M. pruriens (200 mg/kg b.w/60 days) and were subjected to the hypophysial - gonadal axis, nerve conduction velocity (NCV), and penile reflex. DNP sections were stained with nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NaDPH) diaphorase, androgen receptor (AR), and osmium tetroxide. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, electron microscopy(EM) and histometric analyses were done. RESULTS Significant disturbance in hypophysial - gonadal axis was noted in aged rat. With reduced number of myelinated fibers, diameter, vacuolization, indentation of the myelin sheath, and degeneration. nNOS and its cofactor (NaDPH diaphorase) were reduced in aged rat DNP. NCV was slow in aged rats and concomitant poor penile reflex was also noted. AR showed reduced expression in aged rat DNP when compared to young and control groups. TUNEL positive cells were increased in aged rat DNP. These pathological changes were remarkably reduced or recovered in M. pruriens treated aged rats. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a multi-factorial therapeutic activity in penile innervations towards sustaining the penile erection in the presence of the extract in aged rats and justifying the claim of traditional usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Seppan
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Ibrahim Muhammed
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Ganesh Lakshmanan
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Dinesh Premavathy
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Sakthi Jothi Muthu
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Khayinmi Wungmarong Shimray
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Sathya Bharathy Sathyanathan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Loyola-ICAM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Meyer AV, Klein D, de Leve S, Szymonowicz K, Stuschke M, Robson SC, Jendrossek V, Wirsdörfer F. Host CD39 Deficiency Affects Radiation-Induced Tumor Growth Delay and Aggravates Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Toxicity. Front Oncol 2020; 10:554883. [PMID: 33194619 PMCID: PMC7649817 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.554883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (CD39)/5′ ectonuclotidase (CD73)-dependent purinergic pathway emerges as promising cancer target. Yet, except for own previous work revealing a pathogenic role of CD73 and adenosine in radiation-induced lung fibrosis, the role of purinergic signaling for radiotherapy outcome remained elusive. Here we used C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), CD39 knockout (CD39−/−), and CD73 knockout (CD73−/−) mice and hind-leg tumors of syngeneic murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC1) to elucidate how host purinergic signaling shapes the growth of LLC1 tumors to a single high-dose irradiation with 10 Gy in vivo. In complementary in vitro experiments, we examined the radiation response of LLC1 cells in combination with exogenously added ATP or adenosine, the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory arms of purinergic signaling. Finally, we analyzed the impact of genetic loss of CD39 on pathophysiologic lung changes associated with lung fibrosis induced by a single-dose whole-thorax irradiation (WTI) with 15 Gy. Loss of CD73 in the tumor host did neither significantly affect tumor growth nor the radiation response of the CD39/CD73-negative LLC1 tumors. In contrast, LLC1 tumors exhibited a tendency to grow faster in CD39−/− mice compared to WT mice. Even more important, tumors grown in the CD39-deficient background displayed a significantly reduced tumor growth delay upon irradiation when compared to irradiated tumors grown on WT mice. CD39 deficiency caused only subtle differences in the immune compartment of irradiated LLC1 tumors compared to WT mice. Instead, we could associate the tumor growth and radioresistance-promoting effects of host CD39 deficiency to alterations in the tumor endothelial compartment. Importantly, genetic deficiency of CD39 also augmented the expression level of fibrosis-associated osteopontin in irradiated normal lungs and exacerbated radiation-induced lung fibrosis at 25 weeks after irradiation. We conclude that genetic loss of host CD39 alters the tumor microenvironment, particularly the tumor microvasculature, and thereby promotes growth and radioresistance of murine LLC1 tumors. In the normal tissue loss of host, CD39 exacerbates radiation-induced adverse late effects. The suggested beneficial roles of host CD39 on the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting CD39 in combination with radiotherapy have to be considered with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina V Meyer
- Medical School, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Medical School, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simone de Leve
- Medical School, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaudia Szymonowicz
- Medical School, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon C Robson
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Medical School, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Wirsdörfer
- Medical School, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Anbar HS, El-Gamal R, Ullah S, Zaraei SO, Al-Rashida M, Zaib S, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Iqbal J, El-Gamal MI. Evaluation of sulfonate and sulfamate derivatives possessing benzofuran or benzothiophene nucleus as inhibitors of nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases and anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104305. [PMID: 33017718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ectonucleotidases are a broad family of ectoenzymes that play a crucial role in purinergic cell signaling. Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) belong to this group and are important drug targets. In particular, NPP1 and NPP3 are known to be druggable targets for treatment of impaired calcification disorders (including pathological aortic calcification) and cancer, respectively. In this study, we investigated a series of sulfonate and sulfamate derivatives of benzofuran and benzothiophene as potent and selective inhibitors of NPP1 and NPP3. Compounds 1c, 1g, 1n, and 1s are the most active NPP1 inhibitors (IC50 values in the range 0.12-0.95 µM). Moreover, compounds 1e, 1f, 1j, and 1l are the most potent inhibitors of NPP3 (IC50 ranges from 0.12 to 0.95 µM). Compound 1d, 1f and 1t are highly selective inhibitors of NPP1 over NPP3, whereas compounds 1m and 1s are found to be highly selective towards NPP3 over NPP1. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) study has been discussed in detailed. With the aid of molecular docking studies, a common binding mode of these compounds and suramin (the standard inhibitor) was revealed, where the sulfonate group acts as a cation-binding moiety that comes in close contact with the zinc ion of the active site. Moreover, cytotoxic evaluation against MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cell lines revealed that compound 1r is the most cytotoxic towards MCF-7 cell line with IC50 value of 0.19 µM. Compound 1r is more potent and selective against cancer cells than normal cells (WI-38) as compared to doxorubicin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan S Anbar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai 19099, United Arab Emirates
| | - Randa El-Gamal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Saif Ullah
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Seyed-Omar Zaraei
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariya Al-Rashida
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
ATP is released in the body from several cells under various physiological and pathological conditions. A number of authors have postulated a role for extracellular ATP (ATPo) as a neurotransmitter, a secretagogue or an inflammatory mediator. Here, we propose an additional role for ATPo, as a cytotoxic factor, and discuss in vitro experiments showing that this nucleotide causes cell death by two mechanisms: colloido-osmotic lysis and apoptosis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies of new pyrazole-based thiourea and sulfonamide derivatives as inhibitors of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
29
|
Choi DJ, Yang H, Gaire S, Lee KA, An J, Kim BG, Jou I, Park SM, Joe EH. Critical roles of astrocytic-CCL2-dependent monocyte infiltration in a DJ-1 knockout mouse model of delayed brain repair. Glia 2020; 68:2086-2101. [PMID: 32176388 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages play a role in the repair of the injured brain. We previously reported that a deficiency of the Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated gene DJ-1 delays repair of brain injury produced by stereotaxic injection of ATP, a component of damage-associated molecular patterns. Here, we show that a DJ-1 deficiency attenuates monocyte infiltration into the damaged brain owing to a decrease in C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression in astrocytes. Like DJ-1-knockout (KO) mice, CCL2 receptor (CCR2)-KO mice showed defects in monocyte infiltration and delayed recovery of brain injury, as determined by 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging analysis and immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase and glial fibrillary acid protein. Notably, transcriptome analyses showed that genes related to regeneration and synapse formation were similarly downregulated in injured brains of DJ-1-KO and CCR2-KO mice compared with the injured wild-type brain. These results indicate that defective astrogliosis in DJ-1-KO mice is associated with decreased CCL2 expression and attenuated monocyte infiltration, resulting in delayed repair of brain injury. Thus, delayed repair of brain injury could contribute to the development of PD. MAIN POINTS: A DJ-1 deficiency attenuates infiltration of monocytes owing to a decrease in CCL2 expression in astrocytes, which in turn led to delay in repair of brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Joo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Lab of Brain Inflammation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hajie Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Lab of Brain Inflammation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sushil Gaire
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Lab of Brain Inflammation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Keon Ah Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Lab of Brain Inflammation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jiawei An
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Lab of Brain Inflammation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Byung Gon Kim
- Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Lab of Brain Inflammation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Lab of Brain Inflammation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Lab of Brain Inflammation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
El-Gamal MI, Ullah S, Zaraei SO, Jalil S, Zaib S, Zaher DM, Omar HA, Anbar HS, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Iqbal J. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies of new raloxifene sulfonate or sulfamate derivatives as inhibitors of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111560. [PMID: 31382118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new series of raloxifene sulfonate/sulfamate derivatives were designed and synthesized. The target compounds were tested for inhibitory effect against nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 and -3 (NPP1 and NPP3) enzymes. Furthermore, all the ten target compounds were subjected to cytotoxic studies on various cancer cell lines, and the most potent derivatives were explored for their potency against these cancer cell lines as well as F180 fibroblasts to investigate the selectivity indexes. Compound 1f exerted the highest potency against HT-29 colon cancer cell line (IC50 = 1.4 μM) with 8.43-fold selectivity towards HT-29 than F180 fibroblasts. Compound 1f exerted sub-micromolar IC50 values against NPP1 and NPP3 (IC50 = 0.29 μM and 0.71 μM, respectively). The most potent inhibitors were docked in developed homology model of NPP1 and crystal structure of NPP3. All the docked analogues manifested remarkable interactions within the active pocket of NPP1 and NPP3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I El-Gamal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Saif Ullah
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Seyed-Omar Zaraei
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saquib Jalil
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Dana M Zaher
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hany A Omar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Anbar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tellios N, Feng M, Chen N, Liu H, Tellios V, Wang M, Li X, Chang CA, Hutnik C. Mechanical stretch upregulates connexin43 in human trabecular meshwork cells. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 47:787-794. [PMID: 30816600 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients have hallmark increases in intraocular pressure (IOP) and noted dysfunction of the trabecular meshwork (TM). Connexin43 (Cx43) is a gap junction widely expressed on the TM that is important for intercellular communication. The human gene is known as gap junction alpha-1 (GJA1). Since the role of Cx43 in the TM is not fully understood, we set out to determine the effect of excess mechanical stretch on cultured human trabecular meshwork cells (hTMCs) and to specifically investigate the effect of stretch on Cx43 expression and function. METHODS Primary hTMCs were cultured and subjected to 48 hours of 15% cyclic mechanical stretch at a frequency of 1 Hz. Levels of apoptosis and necrosis secondary to stretch were investigated using colorimetric assays. The effect of stretch on gap junction Cx43 and GJA1 was investigated by RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. The migration of Lucifer Yellow dye was used to assess intercellular communication. RESULTS Stretch significantly increased the rates of apoptosis and necrosis in hTMCs. The increased rate of injury in stretched hTMCs was further associated with significant upregulation of GJA1 mRNA and Cx43 protein. Upregulation of Cx43 protein was concomitant to increased intercellular communication. CONCLUSIONS We have shown stretch to increase GJA1 gene and Cx43 protein expression, as well as intercellular communication. We have further shown stretch to be injurious to hTMCs. Upregulation of Cx43 in the hTM subsequent to stretch is a novel finding, which may be useful in elucidating the mechanism of TM injury in POAG patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ivey Eye Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Chen
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Liu
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasiliki Tellios
- Department of Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Wang
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiangji Li
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caitlin A Chang
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cindy Hutnik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ivey Eye Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Linden J, Koch-Nolte F, Dahl G. Purine Release, Metabolism, and Signaling in the Inflammatory Response. Annu Rev Immunol 2019; 37:325-347. [PMID: 30676821 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ATP, NAD+, and nucleic acids are abundant purines that, in addition to having critical intracellular functions, have evolved extracellular roles as danger signals released in response to cell lysis, apoptosis, degranulation, or membrane pore formation. In general ATP and NAD+ have excitatory and adenosine has anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of purine release mechanisms, ectoenzymes that metabolize purines (CD38, CD39, CD73, ENPP1, and ENPP2/autotaxin), and signaling by key P2 purinergic receptors (P2X7, P2Y2, and P2Y12). In addition to metabolizing ATP or NAD+, some purinergic ectoenzymes metabolize other inflammatory modulators, notably lysophosphatidic acid and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). Also discussed are extracellular signaling effects of NAD+ mediated by ADP-ribosylation, and epigenetic effects of intracellular adenosine mediated by modification of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent DNA methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Linden
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA; .,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany;
| | - Gerhard Dahl
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hilmenyuk T, Ruckstuhl CA, Hayoz M, Berchtold C, Nuoffer JM, Solanki S, Keun HC, Beavis PA, Riether C, Ochsenbein AF. T cell inhibitory mechanisms in a model of aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1365997. [PMID: 29296517 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1365997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduced immune surveillance due to immune deficiency or treatment with immunosuppressive drugs is associated with a higher risk to develop aggressive Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Nevertheless, NHL also develops in immunocompetent patients indicating an escape from the immune system. T cell function in advanced aggressive lymphoma is not well characterized and the molecular mechanisms how malignant B cells influence T cell function are ill-defined. We therefore studied T cell function in Eμ-myc transgenic mice that develop an aggressive B cell lymphoma with some similarities to human Burkitt-lymphoma (BL). In advanced lymphoma, the number of T cells was severely reduced and the remaining CD4+ and CD8+ T cells lost the capacity to produce effector cytokines and expand upon re-stimulation. T cells in lymphoma-bearing mice were characterized by the expression of the immune inhibitory molecules programmed death (PD)-1, 2B4 and lymphocyte activation protein (LAG)-3. The proto-oncogene c-Myc not only drives cell proliferation and disease progression but also induces apoptosis of the malignant cells. We found that apoptotic lymphoma cells release purine metabolites that inhibit T cell function. Taken together, our data document that the characteristic high cell turnover and apoptotic rate in aggressive NHL induce a severe T cell dysfunction mediated by several immune-inhibitory mechanisms including ligation of inhibitory ligands and purine metabolites. Blocking a single mechanism only partially restored T cell function and did not increase survival of lymphoma mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Hilmenyuk
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carla A Ruckstuhl
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hayoz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Berchtold
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shyam Solanki
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Hector C Keun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Paul A Beavis
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carsten Riether
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian F Ochsenbein
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim E, Hwang SU, Yoon JD, Jeung EB, Lee E, Kim DY, Hyun SH. Carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) treatment during in vitro culture protects fertilized porcine embryos against oxidative stress induced apoptosis. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:581-590. [PMID: 28993559 PMCID: PMC5735269 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the in vivo environment, porcine in vitro embryo-culture systems are suboptimal, as they induce oxidative stress via the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
High ROS levels during early embryonic development cause negative effects, such as apoptosis. In this study, we examined the effects of the antioxidant carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) during in
vitro culture (IVC) on embryonic development in porcine in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos. Zygotes were treated with different concentrations of Ge-132 (0, 100, 200 and 400 μg/ml). All of
the Ge-132 treatment groups displayed greater total cell numbers after IVC (98.1, 98.5 and 103.4, respectively) compared with the control group (73.9). The 200 μg/ml Ge-132 treatment group exhibited significantly
increased intracellular GSH levels compared with the control group, whereas the ROS generation levels decreased in Ge-132 dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of the KEAP1 gene
and proapoptotic genes BAX and CASPASE3 were lower in the Ge-132 treated blastocysts compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The percentages of apoptotic and necrotic cells in the
Ge-132 treated embryos on day 2 (48 h) were significantly lower than the untreated embryos (9.1 vs. 17.1% and 0 vs. 2.7%, respectively). In the day 7 blastocysts, the percentages of
apoptotic cells in 200 µg/ml Ge-132 treated group were lower compared to controls (1.6 vs. 2.5%). More KEAP1 protein was found to be localized in cytoplasm of the 200 μg/ml Ge-132 treated blastocysts,
whereas KEAP1 protein was predominantly nuclei in the control blastocysts. These results indicate that the developmental competence of embryos cultured under Ge-132 treatment may be associated with KEAP1 signaling
cascades involved in oxidative stress and apoptosis during porcine preimplantation embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ung Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Junchul David Yoon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsong Lee
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Kangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Weng NJH, Talbot P. The P2X7 receptor is an upstream regulator of dynamic blebbing and a pluripotency marker in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 23:39-49. [PMID: 28672157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New methods are needed to reduce dynamic blebbing which inhibits cell attachment and survival during passaging of pluripotent stem cells. We tested the hypothesis that activation of the P2X7 receptor by extracellular ATP during passaging initiates dynamic blebbing. The P2X7 receptor was present in human embryonic stem cells (hESC), but not in differentiating cells. Extracellular ATP concentrations were 14× higher in medium during passaging. Addition of ATP to culture medium prolonged dynamic blebbing and inhibited attachment. Inhibition of P2X7 by specific drugs or by siRNA significantly reduced dynamic blebbing and improved cell attachment. When cells were incubated in calcium chelators (EGTA or BAPTA), blebbing decreased and attachment improved. Calcium influx was observed using Fura-4 when ATP was added to culture medium and inhibited in the presence of the P2X7 inhibitor. Over-expressing activated Rac in hESC reduced blebbing and promoted cell attachment, while a Rac inhibitor prolonged blebbing and reduced attachment. These data identify a pathway involving P2X7 that initiates and prolongs dynamic blebbing during hESC passaging. This pathway provides new insight into factors that increase dynamic blebbing and identifies new targets, such as P2X7, that can be used to improve the culture of cells with therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Jo-Hao Weng
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Prue Talbot
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The Adenosinergic System as a Therapeutic Target in the Vasculature: New Ligands and Challenges. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050752. [PMID: 28481238 PMCID: PMC6154114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an adenine base purine with actions as a modulator of neurotransmission, smooth muscle contraction, and immune response in several systems of the human body, including the cardiovascular system. In the vasculature, four P1-receptors or adenosine receptors—A1, A2A, A2B and A3—have been identified. Adenosine receptors are membrane G-protein receptors that trigger their actions through several signaling pathways and present differential affinity requirements. Adenosine is an endogenous ligand whose extracellular levels can reach concentrations high enough to activate the adenosine receptors. This nucleoside is a product of enzymatic breakdown of extra and intracellular adenine nucleotides and also of S-adenosylhomocysteine. Adenosine availability is also dependent on the activity of nucleoside transporters (NTs). The interplay between NTs and adenosine receptors’ activities are debated and a particular attention is given to the paramount importance of the disruption of this interplay in vascular pathophysiology, namely in hypertension., The integration of important functional aspects of individual adenosine receptor pharmacology (such as in vasoconstriction/vasodilation) and morphological features (within the three vascular layers) in vessels will be discussed, hopefully clarifying the importance of adenosine receptors/NTs for modulating peripheral mesenteric vascular resistance. In recent years, an increase interest in purine physiology/pharmacology has led to the development of new ligands for adenosine receptors. Some of them have been patented as having promising therapeutic activities and some have been chosen to undergo on clinical trials. Increased levels of endogenous adenosine near a specific subtype can lead to its activation, constituting an indirect receptor targeting approach either by inhibition of NT or, alternatively, by increasing the activity of enzymes responsible for ATP breakdown. These findings highlight the putative role of adenosinergic players as attractive therapeutic targets for cardiovascular pathologies, namely hypertension, heart failure or stroke. Nevertheless, several aspects are still to be explored, creating new challenges to be addressed in future studies, particularly the development of strategies able to circumvent the predicted side effects of these therapies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Furuta Y, Tsai SH, Kinoshita M, Fujimoto K, Okumura R, Umemoto E, Kurashima Y, Kiyono H, Kayama H, Takeda K. E-NPP3 controls plasmacytoid dendritic cell numbers in the small intestine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172509. [PMID: 28225814 PMCID: PMC5321438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) performs multiple functions including activation and induction of apoptosis of many cell types. The ATP-hydrolyzing ectoenzyme ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3 (E-NPP3) regulates ATP-dependent chronic allergic responses by mast cells and basophils. However, E-NPP3 is also highly expressed on epithelial cells of the small intestine. In this study, we showed that E-NPP3 controls plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) numbers in the intestine through regulation of intestinal extracellular ATP. In Enpp3-/- mice, ATP concentrations were increased in the intestinal lumen. pDC numbers were remarkably decreased in the small intestinal lamina propria and Peyer's patches. Intestinal pDCs of Enpp3-/- mice showed enhanced cell death as characterized by increases in annexin V binding and expression of cleaved caspase-3. pDCs were highly sensitive to ATP-induced cell death compared with conventional DCs. ATP-induced cell death was abrogated in P2rx7-/- pDCs. Accordingly, the number of intestinal pDCs was restored in Enpp3-/- P2rx7-/- mice. These findings demonstrate that E-NPP3 regulates ATP concentration and thereby prevents the decrease of pDCs in the small intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoki Furuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shih-Han Tsai
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Umemoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Kayama
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Saxena S, Jha S. Role of NOD- like Receptors in Glioma Angiogenesis: Insights into future therapeutic interventions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 34:15-26. [PMID: 28233643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common solid tumors among central nervous system tumors. Most glioma patients succumb to their disease within two years of the initial diagnosis. The median survival of gliomas is only 14.6 months, even after aggressive therapy with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Gliomas are heavily infiltrated with myeloid- derived cells and endothelial cells. Increasing evidence suggests that these myeloid- derived cells interact with tumor cells promoting their growth and migration. NLRs (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-containing protein like receptors) are a class of pattern recognition receptors that are critical to sensing pathogen and danger associated molecular patterns. Mutations in some NLRs lead to autoinflammatory diseases in humans. Moreover, dysregulated NLR signaling is central to the pathogenesis of several cancers, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Our review explores the role of angiogenic factors that contribute to upstream or downstream signaling pathways leading to NLRs. Angiogenesis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of variety of tumors including gliomas. Though NLRs have been detected in several cancers including gliomas and NLR signaling contributes to angiogenesis, the exact role and mechanism of involvement of NLRs in glioma angiogenesis remain largely unexplored. We discuss cellular, molecular and genetic studies of NLR signaling and convergence of NLR signaling pathways with angiogenesis signaling in gliomas. This may lead to re-appropriation of existing anti-angiogenic therapies or development of future strategies for targeted therapeutics in gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivanjali Saxena
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Old Residency Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Sushmita Jha
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Old Residency Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
ATP Induces IL-1 β Secretion in Neisseria gonorrhoeae-Infected Human Macrophages by a Mechanism Not Related to the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 Axis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1258504. [PMID: 27803513 PMCID: PMC5075643 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1258504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ngo) has developed multiple immune evasion mechanisms involving the innate and adaptive immune responses. Recent findings have reported that Ngo reduces the IL-1β secretion of infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Here, we investigate the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in production and release of IL-1β in Ngo-infected MDM. We found that the exposure of Ngo-infected MDM to ATP increases IL-1β levels about ten times compared with unexposed Ngo-infected MDM (P < 0.01). However, we did not observe any changes in inflammasome transcriptional activation of speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC, P > 0.05) and caspase-1 (CASP1, P > 0.05). In addition, ATP was not able to modify caspase-1 activity in Ngo-infected MDM but was able to increase pyroptosis (P > 0.01). Notably ATP treatment defined an increase of positive staining for IL-1β with a distinctive intracellular pattern of distribution. Collectively, these data demonstrate that ATP induces IL-1β secretion by a mechanism not related to the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis and likely is acting at the level of vesicle trafficking or pore formation.
Collapse
|
40
|
Choi YS, Cho DY, Lee HK, Cho JK, Lee DH, Bae YH, Lee JK, Kang HC. Enhanced cell survival of pH-sensitive bioenergetic nucleotide nanoparticles in energy/oxygen-depleted cells and their intranasal delivery for reduced brain infarction. Acta Biomater 2016; 41:147-60. [PMID: 27245429 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nucleotides (NTs) (e.g., adenosine triphosphate) are very important molecules in the body. They generate bioenergy through phosphate group release, are involved in various biological processes, and are used to treat various diseases that involve energy depletion. However, their highly anionic characteristics might limit delivery of exogenous NTs into the cell, which is required to realize their functions as bioenergy sources. In this study, ionic complexation between Ca(2+) and NT phosphates was used to form Ca(2+)/NT nanocomplexes (NCs), and branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI1.8kDa) was coated on the surface of Ca(2+)/NT NCs via a simple electrostatic coating. The resultant Ca(2+)/NT/bPEI1.8kDa NCs were approximately 10-25nm in size and had positive zeta-potentials, and their NT loading efficiency and content were approximately 60-75% and 10-20 wt%, respectively. Faster NT release from Ca(2+)/NT/bPEI1.8kDa NCs was induced by lower pH and by NTs with fewer phosphates. Reductions in cell viability in response to low temperature, serum deprivation, or hypoxia were recovered by NT delivery in Ca(2+)/NT/bPEI1.8kDa NCs. In a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced post-ischemic rat model, the BBB (blood brain barrier)-detoured intranasal administration of Ca(2+)/ATP/bPEI1.8kDa NCs induced a better reduction in infarct volume and neurological deficits than did free ATP. In conclusion, intracellular NT delivery using Ca(2+)/NT/bPEI1.8kDa NCs might potentially enhance cell survival and reduce infarction in energy-/oxygen-depleted environments. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study describes bioenergetic nucleotide delivery systems and their preparation, physicochemical characterization, and biological characterization both in vitro and in vivo. Nucleotides, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP), are very important signaling and energy molecules in the body. However, research on these nucleotides using nanosized carriers has been very limited. Liposomal ATP delivery has been reported in heart and renal ischemia studies. Notably, although this delivery system has potential in energy-depleted environments (e.g., low temperature, serum deprivation, and hypoxia) and in brain ischemia, studies are lacking regarding these systems. Thus, we designed polycation-shielded Ca(2+)/nucleotide nanocomplexes using simple mixing, which produced 10- to 25-nm-sized particles. The nanocomplexes released nucleotides in response to acidic pH, and they enhanced cell survival rates under conditions of low temperature, serum deprivation, or hypoxia. Importantly, the nanocomplexes reduced cerebral infarct volumes in a post-ischemic rat model. Thus, our study demonstrates that a novel nucleotide nanocomplex could have potential for preventing or treating diseases that involve energy depletion, such as cardiac, cerebral, and retinal ischemia, and liver failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Su Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Youl Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Inha Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kyo Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Don Haeng Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea; Utah-Inha Drug Delivery Systems and Advanced Therapeutics Research Center, 9 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21988, Republic of Korea
| | - You Han Bae
- Utah-Inha Drug Delivery Systems and Advanced Therapeutics Research Center, 9 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21988, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Rm 2972, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ja-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Inha Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Chang Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemic tissue injury contributes to significant morbidity and mortality and is implicated in a range of pathologic conditions, including but not limited to myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and acute kidney injury. The associated reperfusion phase is responsible for the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system, further accentuating inflammation. Adenosine triphosphate molecule has been implicated in various ischemic conditions, including stroke and myocardial infarction. STUDY SELECTION Adenosine triphosphate is a well-defined intracellular energy transfer and is commonly referred to as the body's "energy currency." However, Laboratory studies have demonstrated that extracellular adenosine triphosphate has the ability to initiate inflammation and is therefore referred to as a damage-associated molecular pattern. Purinergic receptors-dependent signaling, proinflammatory cytokine release, increased Ca influx into cells, and subsequent apoptosis have been shown to form a common underlying extracellular adenosine triphosphate molecular mechanism in ischemic organ injury. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we aim to discuss the molecular mechanisms behind adenosine triphosphate-mediated ischemic tissue injury and evaluate the role of extracellular adenosine triphosphate in ischemic injury in specific organs, in order to provide a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of this complex process. We also appraise potential future therapeutic strategies to limit damage in various organs, including the heart, brain, kidneys, and lungs.
Collapse
|
42
|
Control of adult neurogenesis by programmed cell death in the mammalian brain. Mol Brain 2016; 9:43. [PMID: 27098178 PMCID: PMC4839132 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the production of new neurons in the adult brain have received great attention from scientists and the public because of implications to brain plasticity and their potential use for treating currently incurable brain diseases. Adult neurogenesis is controlled at multiple levels, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and programmed cell death (PCD). Among these, PCD is the last and most prominent process for regulating the final number of mature neurons integrated into neural circuits. PCD can be classified into apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagic cell death and emerging evidence suggests that all three may be important modes of cell death in neural stem/progenitor cells. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate PCD and thereby impact the intricate balance between self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation during adult neurogenesis are not well understood. In this comprehensive review, we focus on the extent, mechanism, and biological significance of PCD for the control of adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain. The role of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the regulation of PCD at the molecular and systems levels is also discussed. Adult neurogenesis is a dynamic process, and the signals for differentiation, proliferation, and death of neural progenitor/stem cells are closely interrelated. A better understanding of how adult neurogenesis is influenced by PCD will help lead to important insights relevant to brain health and diseases.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang C, Gao L, Yi Y, Han H, Cheng H, Ye X, Ma R, Sun K, Cui H, Chang X. Adenosine Triphosphate Regresses Endometrial Explants in a Rat Model of Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:924-30. [PMID: 26887426 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115625847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in a rat endometriosis model. After surgical induction of endometriosis, 3 rats were killed, and explants were measured in the remaining 19 rats, which were then randomly assigned to 4 groups. Group 1 (n = 4) received normal saline (2 mL/d intragastric [IG]), group 2 (n = 4) gestrinone (0.5 mg/kg/d IG), group 3 (n = 5) ATP (3.4 mg/kg/d IG), and group 4 (n = 6) ATP (1.0 mg/kg/d; intramuscularly), respectively. Four weeks after medication, they were euthanized to evaluate histological features of explants and eutopic uterine tissues. To test the effect of ATP on the growth of eutopic endometrium stromal cells, proliferation rates of hEM15A cells at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment with different concentrations of ATP and vehicle control were detected with the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method. There was a significant difference between pretreatment and posttreatment volumes within group 2 (positive control; P = .048) and group 4 (P = .044). On condition that pretreatment implant size was similar in both groups (P = .516), regression of explants in group 4 was significantly higher than that in group 1 (negative control; P = .035). Epithelial cells were significantly better preserved in group 1 than in group 3 (P = .008) and group 4 (P = .037). The CCK-8 assay showed no significant difference in proliferation among hEM15A cells treated with ATP and controls. These results suggest that ATP regresses endometriotic tissues in a rat endometriosis model but has no impact on the growth of eutopic endometrium stromal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Gynecological Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Gao
- Gynecological Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Yi
- Gynecological Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjing Han
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Gynecological Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Ye
- Gynecological Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqiong Ma
- Gynecological Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kunkun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Cui
- Gynecological Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Chang
- Gynecological Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sunarti, Kusuma RJ, Luglio HF. Dioscorea esculenta increase cytochrome c oxidase 1 expression and adenosine triphosphate in diabetic rats. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2015. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-150047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rio Jati Kusuma
- Department of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas GadjahMada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Harry Freitag Luglio
- Department of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas GadjahMada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nakahira K, Hisata S, Choi AMK. The Roles of Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1329-50. [PMID: 26067258 PMCID: PMC4685486 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria, vital cellular power plants to generate energy, are involved in immune responses. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are molecules that are released from mitochondria to extracellular space during cell death and include not only proteins but also DNA or lipids. Mitochondrial DAMPs induce inflammatory responses and are critically involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. RECENT ADVANCES Recent studies elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondrial DAMPs are released and initiate immune responses by use of genetically modulated cells or animals. Importantly, the levels of mitochondrial DAMPs in patients are often associated with severity and prognosis of human diseases, such as infection, asthma, ischemic heart disease, and cancer. CRITICAL ISSUES Although mitochondrial DAMPs can represent proinflammatory molecules in various experimental models, their roles in human diseases may be multifunctional and complex. It remains unclear where and how mitochondrial DAMPs are liberated into extracellular spaces and exert their biological functions particularly in vivo. In addition, while mitochondria can secrete several types of DAMPs during cell death, the interaction of each mitochondrial DAMP (e.g., synergistic effects) remains unclear. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Regulation of mitochondrial DAMP-mediated immune responses may be important to alter the progression of human diseases. In addition, measuring mitochondrial DAMPs in patients may be clinically useful as biomarkers to predict prognosis or response to therapies. Further studies of the mechanisms by which mitochondrial DAMPs impact the initiation and progression of diseases may lead to the development of therapeutics specifically targeting this pathway. Antioxid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi Nakahira
- 1 Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York
| | - Shu Hisata
- 1 Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- 1 Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shin HJ, Kwon HK, Lee JH, Gui X, Achek A, Kim JH, Choi S. Doxorubicin-induced necrosis is mediated by poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) but is independent of p53. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15798. [PMID: 26522181 PMCID: PMC4629133 DOI: 10.1038/srep15798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrosis, unregulated cell death, is characterized by plasma membrane rupture as well as nuclear and cellular swelling. However, it has recently been reported that necrosis is a regulated form of cell death mediated by poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). PARP1 is thought to mediate necrosis by inducing DNA damage, although this remains unconfirmed. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of PARP1-mediated necrosis following doxorubicin (DOX)-induced DNA damage in human kidney proximal tubular (HK-2) cells. DOX initiated DNA damage response (DDR) and upregulated PARP1 and p53 expression, resulting in morphological changes similar to those observed during necrosis. Additionally, DOX induced mitochondrial hyper-activation, as evidenced by increased mitochondrial respiration and cytosolic ATP (cATP) production. However, DOX affected mitochondrial mass. DOX-induced DNA damage, cytosolic reactive oxygen species (cROS) generation, and mitochondrial hyper-activation decreased in cells with inhibited PARP1 expression, while generation of nitric oxide (NO) and mitochondrial ROS (mROS) remained unaffected. Moreover, DOX-induced DNA damage, cell cycle changes, and oxidative stress were not affected by p53 inhibition. These findings suggest that DNA damage induced necrosis through a PARP1-dependent and p53-independent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jun Shin
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Kwon Kwon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Xiangai Gui
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Asma Achek
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Leonard CA, Schoborg RV, Borel N. Damage/Danger Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) Modulate Chlamydia pecorum and C. trachomatis Serovar E Inclusion Development In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134943. [PMID: 26248286 PMCID: PMC4527707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence, more recently termed the chlamydial stress response, is a viable but non-infectious state constituting a divergence from the characteristic chlamydial biphasic developmental cycle. Damage/danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are normal intracellular components or metabolites that, when released from cells, signal cellular damage/lysis. Purine metabolite DAMPs, including extracellular ATP and adenosine, inhibit chlamydial development in a species-specific manner. Viral co-infection has been shown to reversibly abrogate Chlamydia inclusion development, suggesting persistence/chlamydial stress. Because viral infection can cause host cell DAMP release, we hypothesized DAMPs may influence chlamydial development. Therefore, we examined the effect of extracellular ATP, adenosine, and cyclic AMP exposure, at 0 and 14 hours post infection, on C. pecorum and C. trachomatis serovar E development. In the absence of de novo host protein synthesis, exposure to DAMPs immediately post or at 14 hours post infection reduced inclusion size; however, the effect was less robust upon 14 hours post infection exposure. Additionally, upon exposure to DAMPs immediately post infection, bacteria per inclusion and subsequent infectivity were reduced in both Chlamydia species. These effects were reversible, and C. pecorum exhibited more pronounced recovery from DAMP exposure. Aberrant bodies, typical in virus-induced chlamydial persistence, were absent upon DAMP exposure. In the presence of de novo host protein synthesis, exposure to DAMPs immediately post infection reduced inclusion size, but only variably modulated chlamydial infectivity. Because chlamydial infection and other infections may increase local DAMP concentrations, DAMPs may influence Chlamydia infection in vivo, particularly in the context of poly-microbial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cory Ann Leonard
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert V. Schoborg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nicole Borel
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ahmadi M, Shahlaei M. Quantitative structure-activity relationship study of P2X7 receptor inhibitors using combination of principal component analysis and artificial intelligence methods. Res Pharm Sci 2015; 10:307-25. [PMID: 26600858 PMCID: PMC4623620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X7 antagonist activity for a set of 49 molecules of the P2X7 receptor antagonists, derivatives of purine, was modeled with the aid of chemometric and artificial intelligence techniques. The activity of these compounds was estimated by means of combination of principal component analysis (PCA), as a well-known data reduction method, genetic algorithm (GA), as a variable selection technique, and artificial neural network (ANN), as a non-linear modeling method. First, a linear regression, combined with PCA, (principal component regression) was operated to model the structure-activity relationships, and afterwards a combination of PCA and ANN algorithm was employed to accurately predict the biological activity of the P2X7 antagonist. PCA preserves as much of the information as possible contained in the original data set. Seven most important PC's to the studied activity were selected as the inputs of ANN box by an efficient variable selection method, GA. The best computational neural network model was a fully-connected, feed-forward model with 7-7-1 architecture. The developed ANN model was fully evaluated by different validation techniques, including internal and external validation, and chemical applicability domain. All validations showed that the constructed quantitative structure-activity relationship model suggested is robust and satisfactory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Meical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The role of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is being explored with intensive interest in the context of normal bone physiology, bone-related diseases and, to an extent, bone cancer. In this review, we cover the current understanding of P2X7R regulation of bone cell formation, function and survival. We will discuss how the P2X7R drives lineage commitment of undifferentiated bone cell progenitors, the vital role of P2X7R activation in bone mineralisation and its relatively unexplored role in osteocyte function. We also review how P2X7R activation is imperative for osteoclast formation and its role in bone resorption via orchestrating osteoclast apoptosis. Variations in the gene for the P2X7R (P2RX7) have implications for P2X7R-mediated processes and we review the relevance of these genetic variations in bone physiology. Finally, we highlight how targeting P2X7R may have therapeutic potential in bone disease and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Agrawal
- Department of Human MetabolismThe Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Alison Gartland
- Department of Human MetabolismThe Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Barghouth PG, Thiruvalluvan M, Oviedo NJ. Bioelectrical regulation of cell cycle and the planarian model system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2629-37. [PMID: 25749155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation through the manipulation of endogenous membrane potentials offers tremendous opportunities to control cellular processes during tissue repair and cancer formation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which biophysical signals modulate the cell cycle remain underappreciated and poorly understood. Cells in complex organisms generate and maintain a constant voltage gradient across the plasma membrane known as the transmembrane potential. This potential, generated through the combined efforts of various ion transporters, pumps and channels, is known to drive a wide range of cellular processes such as cellular proliferation, migration and tissue regeneration while its deregulation can lead to tumorigenesis. These cellular regulatory events, coordinated by ionic flow, correspond to a new and exciting field termed molecular bioelectricity. We aim to present a brief discussion on the biophysical machinery involving membrane potential and the mechanisms mediating cell cycle progression and cancer transformation. Furthermore, we present the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea as a tractable model system for understanding principles behind molecular bioelectricity at both the cellular and organismal level. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Barghouth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA; Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California at Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Manish Thiruvalluvan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA; Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California at Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Néstor J Oviedo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California at Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA; Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California at Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA; Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California at Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| |
Collapse
|