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Enzer NA, Chiles J, Mason S, Shirahata T, Castro V, Regan E, Choi B, Yuan NF, Diaz AA, Washko GR, McDonald ML, Estépar RSJ, Ash SY. Proteomics and machine learning in the prediction and explanation of low pectoralis muscle area. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17981. [PMID: 39097658 PMCID: PMC11297919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Low muscle mass is associated with numerous adverse outcomes independent of other associated comorbid diseases. We aimed to predict and understand an individual's risk for developing low muscle mass using proteomics and machine learning. We identified eight biomarkers associated with low pectoralis muscle area (PMA). We built three random forest classification models that used either clinical measures, feature selected biomarkers, or both to predict development of low PMA. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for each model was: clinical-only = 0.646, biomarker-only = 0.740, and combined = 0.744. We displayed the heterogenetic nature of an individual's risk for developing low PMA and identified two distinct subtypes of participants who developed low PMA. While additional validation is required, our methods for identifying and understanding individual and group risk for low muscle mass could be used to enable developments in the personalized prevention of low muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Enzer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joe Chiles
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- COPDGene Study Consortium, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Stefanie Mason
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toru Shirahata
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Victor Castro
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Regan
- COPDGene Study Consortium, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Bina Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy F Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro A Diaz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- COPDGene Study Consortium, Denver, CO, USA
| | - George R Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- COPDGene Study Consortium, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Merry-Lynn McDonald
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- COPDGene Study Consortium, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Raúl San José Estépar
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Y Ash
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, South Shore Hospital, 55 Fogg Road, South Weymouth, MA, 02190, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Enzer NA, Chiles J, Mason S, Shirahata T, Castro V, Regan E, Choi B, Yuan NF, Diaz AA, Washko GR, McDonald ML, Estépar RSJ, Ash SY. Proteomics and Machine Learning in the Prediction and Explanation of Low Pectoralis Muscle Area. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3957125. [PMID: 38496412 PMCID: PMC10942559 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3957125/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Low muscle mass is associated with numerous adverse outcomes independent of other associated comorbid diseases. We aimed to predict and understand an individual's risk for developing low muscle mass using proteomics and machine learning. We identified 8 biomarkers associated with low pectoralis muscle area (PMA). We built 3 random forest classification models that used either clinical measures, feature selected biomarkers, or both to predict development of low PMA. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for each model was: clinical-only = 0.646, biomarker-only = 0.740, and combined = 0.744. We displayed the heterogenetic nature of an individual's risk for developing low PMA and identified 2 distinct subtypes of participants who developed low PMA. While additional validation is required, our methods for identifying and understanding individual and group risk for low muscle mass could be used to enable developments in the personalized prevention of low muscle mass.
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Farhud DD, Varjavand P, Zarif-Yeganeh M. CDON Mutation Related to Nose Deformity with Variable Expression in Holoprosencephaly in an Iranian Family: A Case Report. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 53:482-489. [PMID: 38894838 PMCID: PMC11182473 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i2.14933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly, a complicated brain abnormality arising from incomplete prosencephalon cleavage, affects both the forebrain and the face. Holoprosencephaly Type 11, with variable expression or partial penetrance, is caused by CDON pathogenic variants associated with the disrupted Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-pathway. Herein, we aimed to describe a family with genetic nose problems. After counselling and drawing pedigree in Farhud's Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran in 2021, DNA extraction of a proband and a few members of his family (patient and control) was conducted. Whole exome sequencing was utilized for detecting the gene and its variant in the proband with a nose deformity. The results were confirmed with Sanger sequencing. This variant was checked in other members by Sanger sequencing. Analysis of the Exome data showed a heterozygous splicing variant in the CDON gene (NM_016952; c.3276+1G>T) in the proband who had a nose deformity and then the results were confirmed with Sanger sequencing. Such a variant was observed in Proband's brother with a nose deformity and was not observed in Proband's cousin with no abnormal phenotype. Recent investigations, in an Iranian family, with a heterozygous splicing CDON mutation as a human candidate gene are discussed for the first time in relation to the likely pathogenesis of facial deformities, particularly nose deformity, in Holoprosencephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush D. Farhud
- Dr. Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran
- Research Institute of Aging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Social Genetics Research Center, Nasim Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marjan Zarif-Yeganeh
- Dr. Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran
- Research Institute of Aging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Social Genetics Research Center, Nasim Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Kim S, An S, Lee J, Jeong Y, You C, Kim H, Bae J, Yun C, Ryu D, Bae G, Kang J. Cdon ablation in motor neurons causes age-related motor neuron degeneration and impaired sciatic nerve repair. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2239-2252. [PMID: 37559423 PMCID: PMC10570074 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional deterioration and loss of motor neurons are tightly associated with degenerative motor neuron diseases and aging-related muscle wasting. Motor neuron diseases or aging-related muscle wasting in turn contribute to increased risk of adverse health outcomes in the elderly. Cdon (cell adhesion molecule-downregulated oncogene) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecule and plays essential roles in multiple signalling pathways, including sonic hedgehog (Shh), netrin, and cadherin-mediated signalling. Cdon as a Shh coreceptor plays a critical role in motor neuron specification during embryonic development. However, its role in adult motor neuron function is unknown. METHODS Hb9-Cre recombinase-driven motor neuron-specific Cdon deficient mice (mnKO) and a compound mutant mice (mnKO::SOD1G93A ) were generated to investigate the role of Cdon in motor neuron degeneration. Motor neuron regeneration was examined by using a sciatic nerve crush injury model. To investigate the phenotype, physical activity, compound muscle action potential, immunostaining, and transmission electron microscopy were carried out. In the mechanism study, RNA sequencing and RNA/protein analyses were employed. RESULTS Mice lacking Cdon in motor neurons exhibited middle age onset lethality and aging-related decline in motor function. In the sciatic nerve crush injury model, mnKO mice exhibited an impairment in motor function recovery evident by prolonged compound muscle action potential duration (4.63 ± 0.35 vs. 3.93 ± 0.22 s for f/f, P < 0.01) and physical activity. Consistently, neuromuscular junctions of mnKO muscles were incompletely occupied (49.79 ± 5.74 vs. 79.39 ± 3.77% fully occupied neuromuscular junctions for f/f, P < 0.0001), suggesting an impaired reinnervation. The transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that mnKO sciatic nerves had smaller axon diameter (0.88 ± 0.13 vs. 1.43 ± 0.48 μm for f/f, P < 0.0001) and myelination defects. RNA sequencing of mnKO lumbar spinal cords showed alteration in genes related to neurogenesis, inflammation and cell death. Among the altered genes, ErbB4 and FgfR expressions were significantly altered in mnKO as well as in Cdon-depleted NSC34 motor neuron cells. Consistently, Cdon-depleted NSC34 cells exhibited elevated levels of cleaved Caspase3 and γH2AX proteins, as well as Bax transcription. Cdon-depleted NSC34 cells also exhibited impaired activation of Akt in response to neuregulin-1 (NRG1) treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our current data demonstrate the functional importance of Cdon in motor neuron function and nerve repair. Cdon ablation causes alterations in neurotrophin signalling that leads to motor neuron degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
- Single Cell Network Research CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Subin An
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
- Single Cell Network Research CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
- Research Institute of Animuscure INCSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Yideul Jeong
- Research Institute of Animuscure INCSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Chang‐Lim You
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
- Single Cell Network Research CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Hyebeen Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
- Single Cell Network Research CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Ju‐Hyeon Bae
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
- Single Cell Network Research CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Chae‐Eun Yun
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
- Single Cell Network Research CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Dongryul Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
| | - Gyu‐Un Bae
- College of PharmacySookmyung Women's UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jong‐Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
- Single Cell Network Research CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
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Li J, Zhang Y, Yu F, Pan Y, Zhang Z, He Y, Yang H, Zhou P. Proteoglycan Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum Ameliorated Diabetes-Induced Muscle Atrophy via the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30359-30373. [PMID: 37636971 PMCID: PMC10448640 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy often occurs in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and leads to an increase in physical disability and insulin resistance. However, there are very few studies that have investigated potential natural products used for this condition. In this study, we demonstrated that FYGL (Fudan-Yueyang-G. lucidum), a proteoglycan extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, ameliorated muscle atrophy in rat and mouse models of diabetes. Histopathological analysis of muscle revealed that oral administration of FYGL significantly prevented reduction of the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers and overexpression of muscle atrophic factors in diabetic rats and mice. Muscle RNA-seq analysis in vivo indicated that FYGL regulated genes related to myogenesis, muscle atrophy, and oxidative phosphorylation. Also, FYGL activated AMPK in vivo. Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanisms were studied in palmitate-induced C2C12 muscle cells using immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting, which revealed that FYGL inhibited muscle atrophy by stimulating ATP production and activating the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway, thus promoting oxidative metabolism. This result rationalized the in vivo findings. These results suggest FYGL as a promising functional food ingredient for the prevention of T2D-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fanzhen Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanna Pan
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- Yueyang
Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yanming He
- Yueyang
Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Yueyang
Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Ihog proteins contribute to integrin-mediated focal adhesions. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:366-375. [PMID: 36103028 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Integrin expression forms focal adhesions, but how this process is physiologically regulated is unclear. Ihog proteins are evolutionarily conserved, playing roles in Hedgehog signaling and serving as trans-homophilic adhesion molecules to mediate cell-cell interactions. Whether these proteins are also engaged in other cell adhesion processes remains unknown. Here, we report that Drosophila Ihog proteins function in the integrin-mediated adhesions. Removal of Ihog proteins causes blister and spheroidal muscle in wings and embryos, respectively. We demonstrate that Ihog proteins interact with integrin via the extracellular portion and that their removal perturbs integrin distribution. Finally, we show that Boc, a mammalian Ihog protein, rescues the embryonic defects caused by removing its Drosophila homologs. We thus propose that Ihog proteins contribute to integrin-mediated focal adhesions.
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Hwang J, Thurmond DC. Exocytosis Proteins: Typical and Atypical Mechanisms of Action in Skeletal Muscle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:915509. [PMID: 35774142 PMCID: PMC9238359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.915509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is of fundamental importance to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia, and long-term deficits in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake underlie insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is responsible for ~80% of the peripheral glucose uptake from circulation via the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4. GLUT4 is mainly sequestered in intracellular GLUT4 storage vesicles in the basal state. In response to insulin, the GLUT4 storage vesicles rapidly translocate to the plasma membrane, where they undergo vesicle docking, priming, and fusion via the high-affinity interactions among the soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) exocytosis proteins and their regulators. Numerous studies have elucidated that GLUT4 translocation is defective in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence also links defects in several SNAREs and SNARE regulatory proteins to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in rodents and humans. Therefore, we highlight the latest research on the role of SNAREs and their regulatory proteins in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Subsequently, we discuss the novel emerging role of SNARE proteins as interaction partners in pathways not typically thought to involve SNAREs and how these atypical functions reveal novel therapeutic targets for combating peripheral insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) proteins constitute one family of a small number of secreted signaling proteins that together regulate multiple aspects of animal development, tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Originally uncovered through genetic analyses in Drosophila, their subsequent discovery in vertebrates has provided a paradigm for the role of morphogens in positional specification. Most strikingly, the Sonic hedgehog protein was shown to mediate the activity of two classic embryonic organizing centers in vertebrates and subsequent studies have implicated it and its paralogs in a myriad of processes. Moreover, dysfunction of the signaling pathway has been shown to underlie numerous human congenital abnormalities and diseases, especially certain types of cancer. This review focusses on the genetic studies that uncovered the key components of the Hh signaling system and the subsequent, biochemical, cell and structural biology analyses of their functions. These studies have revealed several novel processes and principles, shedding new light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cell-cell communication. Notable amongst these are the involvement of cholesterol both in modifying the Hh proteins and in activating its transduction pathway, the role of cytonemes, filipodia-like extensions, in conveying Hh signals between cells; and the central importance of the Primary Cilium as a cellular compartment within which the components of the signaling pathway are sequestered and interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip William Ingham
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Taylor L, Wankell M, Saxena P, McFarlane C, Hebbard L. Cell adhesion an important determinant of myogenesis and satellite cell activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119170. [PMID: 34763027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles represent a complex and highly organised tissue responsible for all voluntary body movements. Developed through an intricate and tightly controlled process known as myogenesis, muscles form early in development and are maintained throughout life. Due to the constant stresses that muscles are subjected to, skeletal muscles maintain a complex course of regeneration to both replace and repair damaged myofibers and to form new functional myofibers. This process, made possible by a pool of resident muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells, and controlled by an array of transcription factors, is additionally reliant on a diverse range of cell adhesion molecules and the numerous signaling cascades that they initiate. This article will review the literature surrounding adhesion molecules and their roles in skeletal muscle myogenesis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Taylor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine and Health, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Miriam Wankell
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine and Health, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pankaj Saxena
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Medicine, Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig McFarlane
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine and Health, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Lionel Hebbard
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine and Health, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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ZSWIM8 is a myogenic protein that partly prevents C2C12 differentiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20880. [PMID: 34686700 PMCID: PMC8536758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule-related/downregulated by oncogenes (Cdon) is a cell-surface receptor that mediates cell–cell interactions and positively regulates myogenesis. The cytoplasmic region of Cdon interacts with other proteins to form a Cdon/JLP/Bnip-2/CDC42 complex that activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and induces myogenesis. However, Cdon complex may include other proteins during myogenesis. In this study, we found that Cullin 2-interacting protein zinc finger SWIM type containing 8 (ZSWIM8) ubiquitin ligase is induced during C2C12 differentiation and is included in the Cdon complex. We knocked-down Zswim8 in C2C12 cells to determine the effect of ZSWIM8 on differentiation. However, we detected neither ZSWIM8-dependent ubiquitination nor the degradation of Bnip2, Cdon, or JLP. In contrast, ZSWIM8 knockdown accelerated C2C12 differentiation. These results suggest that ZSWIM8 is a Cdon complex-included myogenic protein that prevents C2C12 differentiation without affecting the stability of Bnip2, Cdon, and JLP.
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Obara-Moszyńska M, Budny B, Kałużna M, Zawadzka K, Jamsheer A, Rohde A, Ruchała M, Ziemnicka K, Niedziela M. CDON gene contributes to pituitary stalk interruption syndrome associated with unilateral facial and abducens nerve palsy. J Appl Genet 2021; 62:621-629. [PMID: 34235642 PMCID: PMC8571149 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between congenital defects of the brain and facial anomalies was proven. The Hedgehog signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in normal craniofacial development in humans. Mutations in the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling gene CDON have been recently reported in patients with holoprosencephaly and with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS). This study’s aim was an elucidation of an 18-year-old patient presenting PSIS, multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, and congenital unilateral facial and abducens nerve palsy. Additionally, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, dominating at the right site, was diagnosed. From the second year of life, growth deceleration was observed, and from the age of eight, anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies were gradually confirmed and substituted. At the MRI, characteristic triad for PSIS (anterior pituitary hypoplasia, interrupted pituitary stalk and ectopic posterior lobe) was diagnosed. We performed a comprehensive genomic screening, including microarrays for structural rearrangements and whole-exome sequencing for a monogenic defect. A novel heterozygous missense variant in the CDON gene (c.1814G > T; p.Gly605Val) was identified. The variant was inherited from the mother, who, besides short stature, did not show any disease symptoms. The variant was absent in control databases and 100 healthy subjects originating from the same population. We report a novel variant in the CDON gene associated with PSIS and congenital cranial nerve palsy. The variant revealed autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance in concordance with previous studies reporting CDON defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Obara-Moszyńska
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna Str, 60-572, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Budny
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kałużna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zawadzka
- MNM Diagnostics Sp. z o.o., 64 Macieja Rataja Str., 61-695, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Str, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Rohde
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna Str, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ziemnicka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Niedziela
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna Str, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
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Abundant Synthesis of Netrin-1 in Satellite Cell-Derived Myoblasts Isolated from EDL Rather Than Soleus Muscle Regulates Fast-Type Myotube Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094499. [PMID: 33925862 PMCID: PMC8123454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Resident myogenic stem cells (satellite cells) are attracting attention for their novel roles in myofiber type regulation. In the myogenic differentiation phase, satellite cells from soleus muscle (slow fiber-abundant) synthesize and secrete higher levels of semaphorin 3A (Sema3A, a multifunctional modulator) than those derived from extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast fiber-abundant), suggesting the role of Sema3A in forming slow-twitch myofibers. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying fast-twitch myotube commitment remain unclear. Herein, we focused on netrin family members (netrin-1, -3, and -4) that compete with Sema3A in neurogenesis and osteogenesis. We examined whether netrins affect fast-twitch myotube generation by evaluating their expression in primary satellite cell cultures. Initially, netrins are upregulated during myogenic differentiation. Next, we compared the expression levels of netrins and their cell membrane receptors between soleus- and EDL-derived satellite cells; only netrin-1 showed higher expression in EDL-derived satellite cells than in soleus-derived satellite cells. We also performed netrin-1 knockdown experiments and additional experiments with recombinant netrin-1 in differentiated satellite cell-derived myoblasts. Netrin-1 knockdown in myoblasts substantially reduced fast-type myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression; exogenous netrin-1 upregulated fast-type MyHC in satellite cells. Thus, netrin-1 synthesized in EDL-derived satellite cells may promote myofiber type commitment of fast muscles.
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13
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Berkun L, Slae M, Mor-Shaked H, Koplewitz B, Eventov-Friedman S, Harel T. Homozygous variants in MAPRE2 and CDON in individual with skin folds, growth delay, retinal coloboma, and pyloric stenosis. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2454-2458. [PMID: 31502381 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cases with multiple molecular diagnoses are challenging to diagnose clinically, yet may be resolved by unbiased exome sequencing analysis. We report an infant with developmental delay, severe growth delay, dysmorphic features, and multiple congenital anomalies including retinal coloboma, congenital pyloric stenosis, and circumferential skin creases. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous missense variant in MAPRE2 and a homozygous stopgain (nonsense) variant in CDON. Variants in MAPRE2, encoding a regulator of microtubule dynamics, lead to congenital symmetric circumferential skin creases type 2, with associated dysmorphism, small growth parameters, and congenital cardiac and genital anomalies. Monoallelic variants in CDON, encoding a coreceptor for sonic hedgehog, have been associated with autosomal dominant pituitary stalk interruption syndrome and holoprosencephaly. Cdon-/- mice have multiple eye defects including coloboma, consistent with the observed human phenotype. Thus, the complex phenotypic presentation of the infant may potentially be attributed to a dual molecular diagnosis. Furthermore, we present CDON as a candidate gene for coloboma formation in addition to the known holoprosencephaly phenotype, and propose to expand the allelic spectrum of CDON to variants associated with autosomal recessive inheritance in addition to dominant inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Berkun
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mordechai Slae
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagar Mor-Shaked
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Koplewitz
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Chuang KH, Cai X, Ajaz H, Zheng X. The Drosophila Hedgehog receptor component Interference hedgehog (Ihog) mediates cell-cell interactions through trans-homophilic binding. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12339-12348. [PMID: 31209108 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is crucial for establishing complex cellular patterns in embryonic tissues and maintaining homeostasis in adult organs. In Drosophila, Interference hedgehog (Ihog) or its close paralogue Brother of Ihog (Boi) forms a receptor complex with Patched to mediate intracellular Hh signaling. Ihog proteins (Ihog and Boi) also contribute to cell segregation in wing imaginal discs through an unknown mechanism independent of their role in transducing the Hh signal. Here, we report a molecular mechanism by which the Ihog proteins mediate cell-cell interactions. We found that Ihog proteins are enriched at the site of cell-cell contacts and engage in trans-homophilic interactions in a calcium-independent manner. The region that we identified as mediating the trans-Ihog-Ihog interaction overlaps with the Ihog-Hh interface on the first fibronectin repeat of the extracellular domain of Ihog. We further demonstrate that Hh interferes with Ihog-mediated homophilic interactions by competing for Ihog binding. These results, thus, not only reveal a mechanism for Ihog-mediated cell-cell interactions but also suggest a direct Hh-mediated regulation of both intracellular signaling and cell adhesion through Ihog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C. 20037 George Washington Cancer Center, Washington, D. C. 20052
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C. 20037 George Washington Cancer Center, Washington, D. C. 20052
| | - Kun-Han Chuang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C. 20037 George Washington Cancer Center, Washington, D. C. 20052
| | - Xudong Cai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C. 20037 George Washington Cancer Center, Washington, D. C. 20052
| | - Humna Ajaz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C. 20037 George Washington Cancer Center, Washington, D. C. 20052
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D. C. 20037 George Washington Cancer Center, Washington, D. C. 20052.
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15
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Joseph GA, Hung M, Goel AJ, Hong M, Rieder MK, Beckmann ND, Serasinghe MN, Chipuk JE, Devarakonda PM, Goldhamer DJ, Aldana-Hernandez P, Curtis J, Jacobs RL, Krauss RS. Late-onset megaconial myopathy in mice lacking group I Paks. Skelet Muscle 2019; 9:5. [PMID: 30791960 PMCID: PMC6383276 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-019-0191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group I Paks are serine/threonine kinases that function as major effectors of the small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42, and they regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, cell polarity, and transcription. We previously demonstrated that Pak1 and Pak2 function redundantly to promote skeletal myoblast differentiation during postnatal development and regeneration in mice. However, the roles of Pak1 and Pak2 in adult muscle homeostasis are unknown. Choline kinase β (Chk β) is important for adult muscle homeostasis, as autosomal recessive mutations in CHKβ are associated with two human muscle diseases, megaconial congenital muscular dystrophy and proximal myopathy with focal depletion of mitochondria. METHODS We analyzed mice conditionally lacking Pak1 and Pak2 in the skeletal muscle lineage (double knockout (dKO) mice) over 1 year of age. Muscle integrity in dKO mice was assessed with histological stains, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and western blotting. Assays for mitochondrial respiratory complex function were performed, as was mass spectrometric quantification of products of choline kinase. Mice and cultured myoblasts deficient for choline kinase β (Chk β) were analyzed for Pak1/2 phosphorylation. RESULTS dKO mice developed an age-related myopathy. By 10 months of age, dKO mouse muscles displayed centrally-nucleated myofibers, fibrosis, and signs of degeneration. Disease severity occurred in a rostrocaudal gradient, hindlimbs more strongly affected than forelimbs. A distinctive feature of this myopathy was elongated and branched intermyofibrillar (megaconial) mitochondria, accompanied by focal mitochondrial depletion in the central region of the fiber. dKO muscles showed reduced mitochondrial respiratory complex I and II activity. These phenotypes resemble those of rmd mice, which lack Chkβ and are a model for human diseases associated with CHKβ deficiency. Pak1/2 and Chkβ activities were not interdependent in mouse skeletal muscle, suggesting a more complex relationship in regulation of mitochondria and muscle homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Conditional loss of Pak1 and Pak2 in mice resulted in an age-dependent myopathy with similarity to mice and humans with CHKβ deficiency. Protein kinases are major regulators of most biological processes but few have been implicated in muscle maintenance or disease. Pak1/Pak2 dKO mice offer new insights into these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle A Joseph
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Present address: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Margaret Hung
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Aviva J Goel
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mingi Hong
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Marysia-Kolbe Rieder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Noam D Beckmann
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Madhavika N Serasinghe
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Parvathi M Devarakonda
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - David J Goldhamer
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Paulina Aldana-Hernandez
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jonathan Curtis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - René L Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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16
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Magli A, Baik J, Mills LJ, Kwak IY, Dillon BS, Mondragon Gonzalez R, Stafford DA, Swanson SA, Stewart R, Thomson JA, Garry DJ, Dynlacht BD, Perlingeiro RCR. Time-dependent Pax3-mediated chromatin remodeling and cooperation with Six4 and Tead2 specify the skeletal myogenic lineage in developing mesoderm. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000153. [PMID: 30807574 PMCID: PMC6390996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional mechanisms driving lineage specification during development are still largely unknown, as the interplay of multiple transcription factors makes it difficult to dissect these molecular events. Using a cell-based differentiation platform to probe transcription function, we investigated the role of the key paraxial mesoderm and skeletal myogenic commitment factors-mesogenin 1 (Msgn1), T-box 6 (Tbx6), forkhead box C1 (Foxc1), paired box 3 (Pax3), Paraxis, mesenchyme homeobox 1 (Meox1), sine oculis-related homeobox 1 (Six1), and myogenic factor 5 (Myf5)-in paraxial mesoderm and skeletal myogenesis. From this study, we define a genetic hierarchy, with Pax3 emerging as the gatekeeper between the presomitic mesoderm and the myogenic lineage. By assaying chromatin accessibility, genomic binding and transcription profiling in mesodermal cells from mouse and human Pax3-induced embryonic stem cells and Pax3-null embryonic day (E)9.5 mouse embryos, we identified conserved Pax3 functions in the activation of the skeletal myogenic lineage through modulation of Hedgehog, Notch, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways. In addition, we demonstrate that Pax3 molecular function involves chromatin remodeling of its bound elements through an increase in chromatin accessibility and cooperation with sine oculis-related homeobox 4 (Six4) and TEA domain family member 2 (Tead2) factors. To our knowledge, these data provide the first integrated analysis of Pax3 function, demonstrating its ability to remodel chromatin in mesodermal cells from developing embryos and proving a mechanistic footing for the transcriptional hierarchy driving myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Magli
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - June Baik
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lauren J. Mills
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Il-Youp Kwak
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bridget S. Dillon
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Mondragon Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - David A. Stafford
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Swanson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James A. Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Garry
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rita C. R. Perlingeiro
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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17
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Castiglioni I, Caccia R, Garcia-Manteiga JM, Ferri G, Caretti G, Molineris I, Nishioka K, Gabellini D. The Trithorax protein Ash1L promotes myoblast fusion by activating Cdon expression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5026. [PMID: 30487570 PMCID: PMC6262021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoblast fusion (MF) is required for muscle growth and repair, and its alteration contributes to muscle diseases. The mechanisms governing this process are incompletely understood, and no epigenetic regulator has been previously described. Ash1L is an epigenetic activator belonging to the Trithorax group of proteins and is involved in FSHD muscular dystrophy, autism and cancer. Its physiological role in skeletal muscle is unknown. Here we report that Ash1L expression is positively correlated with MF and reduced in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In vivo, ex vivo and in vitro experiments support a selective and evolutionary conserved requirement for Ash1L in MF. RNA- and ChIP-sequencing indicate that Ash1L is required to counteract Polycomb repressive activity to allow activation of selected myogenesis genes, in particular the key MF gene Cdon. Our results promote Ash1L as an important epigenetic regulator of MF and suggest that its activity could be targeted to improve cell therapy for muscle diseases. Myoblast fusion in skeletal muscle is a complex process but how this is regulated is unclear. Here, the authors identify Ash1L, a histone methyltransferase, as modulating myoblast fusion via activation of the myogenesis gene Cdon, and observe decreased Ash1L expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Castiglioni
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Roberta Caccia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Manteiga
- Center for Translational Genomics and BioInformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caretti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Ivan Molineris
- Center for Translational Genomics and BioInformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Kenichi Nishioka
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN IMS, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Davide Gabellini
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, 20132, Italy.
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18
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Hamoud N, Tran V, Aimi T, Kakegawa W, Lahaie S, Thibault MP, Pelletier A, Wong GW, Kim IS, Kania A, Yuzaki M, Bouvier M, Côté JF. Spatiotemporal regulation of the GPCR activity of BAI3 by C1qL4 and Stabilin-2 controls myoblast fusion. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4470. [PMID: 30367035 PMCID: PMC6203814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoblast fusion is tightly regulated during development and regeneration of muscle fibers. BAI3 is a receptor that orchestrates myoblast fusion via Elmo/Dock1 signaling, but the mechanisms regulating its activity remain elusive. Here we report that mice lacking BAI3 display small muscle fibers and inefficient muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin-induced injury. We describe two proteins that repress or activate BAI3 in muscle progenitors. We find that the secreted C1q-like1-4 proteins repress fusion by specifically interacting with BAI3. Using a proteomic approach, we identify Stabilin-2 as a protein that interacts with BAI3 and stimulates its fusion promoting activity. We demonstrate that Stabilin-2 activates the GPCR activity of BAI3. The resulting activated heterotrimeric G-proteins contribute to the initial recruitment of Elmo proteins to the membrane, which are then stabilized on BAI3 through a direct interaction. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the activity of BAI3 is spatiotemporally regulated by C1qL4 and Stabilin-2 during myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noumeira Hamoud
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.,Département de Médecine (Programmes de Biologie Moléculaire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Viviane Tran
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.,Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Takahiro Aimi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JT), Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
| | - Wataru Kakegawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JT), Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
| | - Sylvie Lahaie
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Thibault
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Ariane Pelletier
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - In-San Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST school, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JT), Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Institut de Recherches en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada. .,Département de Médecine (Programmes de Biologie Moléculaire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
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19
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Goel AJ, Rieder MK, Arnold HH, Radice GL, Krauss RS. Niche Cadherins Control the Quiescence-to-Activation Transition in Muscle Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2236-2250. [PMID: 29166613 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many adult stem cells display prolonged quiescence, promoted by cues from their niche. Upon tissue damage, a coordinated transition to the activated state is required because non-physiological breaks in quiescence often lead to stem cell depletion and impaired regeneration. Here, we identify cadherin-mediated adhesion and signaling between muscle stem cells (satellite cells [SCs]) and their myofiber niche as a mechanism that orchestrates the quiescence-to-activation transition. Conditional removal of N-cadherin and M-cadherin in mice leads to a break in SC quiescence, with long-term expansion of a regeneration-proficient SC pool. These SCs have an incomplete disruption of the myofiber-SC adhesive junction and maintain niche residence and cell polarity, yet show properties of SCs in a state of transition from quiescence toward full activation. Among these is nuclear localization of β-catenin, which is necessary for this phenotype. Injury-induced perturbation of niche adhesive junctions is therefore a likely first step in the quiescence-to-activation transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva J Goel
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marysia-Kolbe Rieder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hans-Henning Arnold
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Zoology, Technical University Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Glenn L Radice
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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20
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Shin JY, Méndez-López I, Hong M, Wang Y, Tanji K, Wu W, Shugol L, Krauss RS, Dauer WT, Worman HJ. Lamina-associated polypeptide 1 is dispensable for embryonic myogenesis but required for postnatal skeletal muscle growth. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:65-78. [PMID: 27798115 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1) is an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane that has been implicated in striated muscle maintenance. Mutations in its gene have been linked to muscular dystrophy and cardiomyopathy. As germline deletion of the gene encoding LAP1 is perinatal lethal, we explored its potential role in myogenic differentiation and development by generating a conditional knockout mouse in which the protein is depleted from muscle progenitors at embryonic day 8.5 (Myf5-Lap1CKO mice). Although cultured myoblasts lacking LAP1 demonstrated defective terminal differentiation and altered expression of muscle regulatory factors, embryonic myogenesis and formation of skeletal muscle occurred in both mice with a Lap1 germline deletion and Myf5-Lap1CKO mice. However, skeletal muscle fibres were hypotrophic and their nuclei were morphologically abnormal with a wider perinuclear space than normal myonuclei. Myf5-Lap1CKO mouse skeletal muscle contained fewer satellite cells than normal and these cells had evidence of reduced myogenic potential. Abnormalities in signalling pathways required for postnatal hypertrophic growth were also observed in skeletal muscles of these mice. Our results demonstrate that early embryonic depletion of LAP1 does not impair myogenesis but that it is necessary for postnatal skeletal muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Shin
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iván Méndez-López
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mingi Hong
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuexia Wang
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kurenai Tanji
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leana Shugol
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William T Dauer
- Department of Neurology.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Group I Paks Promote Skeletal Myoblast Differentiation In Vivo and In Vitro. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00222-16. [PMID: 27920252 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00222-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal myogenesis is regulated by signal transduction, but the factors and mechanisms involved are not well understood. The group I Paks Pak1 and Pak2 are related protein kinases and direct effectors of Cdc42 and Rac1. Group I Paks are ubiquitously expressed and specifically required for myoblast fusion in Drosophila We report that both Pak1 and Pak2 are activated during mammalian myoblast differentiation. One pathway of activation is initiated by N-cadherin ligation and involves the cadherin coreceptor Cdo with its downstream effector, Cdc42. Individual genetic deletion of Pak1 and Pak2 in mice has no overt effect on skeletal muscle development or regeneration. However, combined muscle-specific deletion of Pak1 and Pak2 results in reduced muscle mass and a higher proportion of myofibers with a smaller cross-sectional area. This phenotype is exacerbated after repair to acute injury. Furthermore, primary myoblasts lacking Pak1 and Pak2 display delayed expression of myogenic differentiation markers and myotube formation. These results identify Pak1 and Pak2 as redundant regulators of myoblast differentiation in vitro and in vivo and as components of the promyogenic Ncad/Cdo/Cdc42 signaling pathway.
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Krauss RS, Joseph GA, Goel AJ. Keep Your Friends Close: Cell-Cell Contact and Skeletal Myogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a029298. [PMID: 28062562 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of skeletal muscle is a multistage process that includes lineage commitment of multipotent progenitor cells, differentiation and fusion of myoblasts into multinucleated myofibers, and maturation of myofibers into distinct types. Lineage-specific transcriptional regulation lies at the core of this process, but myogenesis is also regulated by extracellular cues. Some of these cues are initiated by direct cell-cell contact between muscle precursor cells themselves or between muscle precursors and cells of other lineages. Examples of the latter include interaction of migrating neural crest cells with multipotent muscle progenitor cells, muscle interstitial cells with myoblasts, and neurons with myofibers. Among the signaling factors involved are Notch ligands and receptors, cadherins, Ig superfamily members, and Ephrins and Eph receptors. In this article we describe recent progress in this area and highlight open questions raised by the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Giselle A Joseph
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Aviva J Goel
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
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23
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Fang Q, George AS, Brinkmeier ML, Mortensen AH, Gergics P, Cheung LYM, Daly AZ, Ajmal A, Pérez Millán MI, Ozel AB, Kitzman JO, Mills RE, Li JZ, Camper SA. Genetics of Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency: Roadmap into the Genome Era. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:636-675. [PMID: 27828722 PMCID: PMC5155665 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The genetic basis for combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is complex, involving 30 genes in a variety of syndromic and nonsyndromic presentations. Molecular diagnosis of this disorder is valuable for predicting disease progression, avoiding unnecessary surgery, and family planning. We expect that the application of high throughput sequencing will uncover additional contributing genes and eventually become a valuable tool for molecular diagnosis. For example, in the last 3 years, six new genes have been implicated in CPHD using whole-exome sequencing. In this review, we present a historical perspective on gene discovery for CPHD and predict approaches that may facilitate future gene identification projects conducted by clinicians and basic scientists. Guidelines for systematic reporting of genetic variants and assigning causality are emerging. We apply these guidelines retrospectively to reports of the genetic basis of CPHD and summarize modes of inheritance and penetrance for each of the known genes. In recent years, there have been great improvements in databases of genetic information for diverse populations. Some issues remain that make molecular diagnosis challenging in some cases. These include the inherent genetic complexity of this disorder, technical challenges like uneven coverage, differing results from variant calling and interpretation pipelines, the number of tolerated genetic alterations, and imperfect methods for predicting pathogenicity. We discuss approaches for future research in the genetics of CPHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fang
- Department of Human Genetics (Q.F., A.S.G., M.L.B., A.H.M., P.G., L.Y.M.C., A.Z.D., M.I.P.M., A.B.O., J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L., S.A.C.), Graduate Program in Bioinformatics (A.S.G.), Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.), and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Akima S George
- Department of Human Genetics (Q.F., A.S.G., M.L.B., A.H.M., P.G., L.Y.M.C., A.Z.D., M.I.P.M., A.B.O., J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L., S.A.C.), Graduate Program in Bioinformatics (A.S.G.), Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.), and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Michelle L Brinkmeier
- Department of Human Genetics (Q.F., A.S.G., M.L.B., A.H.M., P.G., L.Y.M.C., A.Z.D., M.I.P.M., A.B.O., J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L., S.A.C.), Graduate Program in Bioinformatics (A.S.G.), Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.), and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Amanda H Mortensen
- Department of Human Genetics (Q.F., A.S.G., M.L.B., A.H.M., P.G., L.Y.M.C., A.Z.D., M.I.P.M., A.B.O., J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L., S.A.C.), Graduate Program in Bioinformatics (A.S.G.), Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.), and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Peter Gergics
- Department of Human Genetics (Q.F., A.S.G., M.L.B., A.H.M., P.G., L.Y.M.C., A.Z.D., M.I.P.M., A.B.O., J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L., S.A.C.), Graduate Program in Bioinformatics (A.S.G.), Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.), and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Leonard Y M Cheung
- Department of Human Genetics (Q.F., A.S.G., M.L.B., A.H.M., P.G., L.Y.M.C., A.Z.D., M.I.P.M., A.B.O., J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L., S.A.C.), Graduate Program in Bioinformatics (A.S.G.), Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.), and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Alexandre Z Daly
- Department of Human Genetics (Q.F., A.S.G., M.L.B., A.H.M., P.G., L.Y.M.C., A.Z.D., M.I.P.M., A.B.O., J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L., S.A.C.), Graduate Program in Bioinformatics (A.S.G.), Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.), and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Adnan Ajmal
- Department of Human Genetics (Q.F., A.S.G., M.L.B., A.H.M., P.G., L.Y.M.C., A.Z.D., M.I.P.M., A.B.O., J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L., S.A.C.), Graduate Program in Bioinformatics (A.S.G.), Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.), and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - María Ines Pérez Millán
- Department of Human Genetics (Q.F., A.S.G., M.L.B., A.H.M., P.G., L.Y.M.C., A.Z.D., M.I.P.M., A.B.O., J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L., S.A.C.), Graduate Program in Bioinformatics (A.S.G.), Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.), and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - A Bilge Ozel
- Department of Human Genetics (Q.F., A.S.G., M.L.B., A.H.M., P.G., L.Y.M.C., A.Z.D., M.I.P.M., A.B.O., J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L., S.A.C.), Graduate Program in Bioinformatics (A.S.G.), Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.), and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jacob O Kitzman
- Department of Human Genetics (Q.F., A.S.G., M.L.B., A.H.M., P.G., L.Y.M.C., A.Z.D., M.I.P.M., A.B.O., J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L., S.A.C.), Graduate Program in Bioinformatics (A.S.G.), Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.), and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ryan E Mills
- Department of Human Genetics (Q.F., A.S.G., M.L.B., A.H.M., P.G., L.Y.M.C., A.Z.D., M.I.P.M., A.B.O., J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L., S.A.C.), Graduate Program in Bioinformatics (A.S.G.), Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.), and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics (Q.F., A.S.G., M.L.B., A.H.M., P.G., L.Y.M.C., A.Z.D., M.I.P.M., A.B.O., J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L., S.A.C.), Graduate Program in Bioinformatics (A.S.G.), Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.), and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Sally A Camper
- Department of Human Genetics (Q.F., A.S.G., M.L.B., A.H.M., P.G., L.Y.M.C., A.Z.D., M.I.P.M., A.B.O., J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L., S.A.C.), Graduate Program in Bioinformatics (A.S.G.), Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.), and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (J.O.K., R.E.M., J.Z.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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24
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Wang LC, Kennedy TE, Almazan G. A novel function of TBK1 as a target of Cdon in oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. J Neurochem 2016; 140:451-462. [PMID: 27797401 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During central nervous system development, oligodendrocyte progenitors elaborate multiple branched processes to contact axons and initiate myelination. Using cultured primary rat oligodendrocytes (OLGs), we have recently demonstrated that a cell surface protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, cell adhesion molecule-related, down-regulated by oncogenes (Cdon), is important in initiating OLG differentiation and axon myelination by promoting the formation of branched cellular processes; however, the molecular mechanism by which Cdon regulates OLG differentiation is not known. Here, using Cdon immunoprecipitation (IP) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, we identified serine/threonine kinase TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) as a candidate novel target of Cdon. We confirmed this interaction using co-IP and immunofluorescence with TBK1 antibodies, showing that TBK1 partly co-localizes with Cdon along cellular processes in puncta-like structures. We show that TBK1 is expressed throughout OLG differentiation, and surprisingly, that levels of phosphorylated TBK1 (ser172) increase during OLG maturation, while total levels of TBK1 protein decrease. To investigate function, TBK1 expression was knocked down using siRNA in OLG primary cultures, reducing protein levels by 69%. Two myelin-specific proteins, myelin basic protein and myelin-associated glycoprotein, were similarly reduced when examined at day 2 and day 4 of OLG differentiation. Reduced Cdon or TBK1 expression also decreased Akt phosphorylation at Threonine 308 in OLG. Our findings provide evidence that a Cdon-TBK1 complex is associated with Akt phosphorylation and early OLG differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillermina Almazan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Leem YE, Jeong HJ, Kim HJ, Koh J, Kang K, Bae GU, Cho H, Kang JS. Cdo Regulates Surface Expression of Kir2.1 K+ Channel in Myoblast Differentiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158707. [PMID: 27380411 PMCID: PMC4933383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A potassium channel Kir2.1-associated membrane hyperpolarization is required for myogenic differentiation. However the molecular regulatory mechanisms modulating Kir2.1 channel activities in early stage of myogenesis are largely unknown. A cell surface protein, Cdo functions as a component of multiprotein cell surface complexes to promote myogenesis. In this study, we report that Cdo forms a complex with Kir2.1 during myogenic differentiation, and is required for the channel activity by enhancing the surface expression of Kir2.1 in the early stage of differentiation. The expression of a constitutively active form of the upstream kinase for p38MAPK, MKK6(EE) can restore Kir2.1 activities in Cdo-depleted C2C12 cells, while the treatment with a p38MAPK inhibitor, SB203580 exhibits a similar effect of Cdo depletion on Kir2.1 surface expression. Furthermore, Cdo-/- primary myoblasts, which display a defective differentiation program, exhibit a defective Kir2.1 activity. Taken together, our results suggest that a promyogenic Cdo signaling is critical for Kir2.1 activities in the induction of myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Leem
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Jeong
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jewoo Koh
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - KyeongJin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JSK); (HC)
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JSK); (HC)
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26
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Wang LC, Almazan G. Cdon, a cell surface protein, mediates oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Glia 2016; 64:1021-33. [PMID: 26988125 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During central nervous system development, oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs) establish multiple branched processes and axonal contacts to initiate myelination. A complete understanding of the molecular signals implicated in cell surface interaction to initiate myelination/remyelination is currently lacking. The objective of our study was to assess whether Cdon, a cell surface protein that was shown to participate in muscle and neuron cell development, is involved in oligodendrocyte (OLG) differentiation and myelination. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous Cdon protein is expressed in OLPs, increasing in the early differentiation stages and decreasing in mature OLGs. Immunocytochemistry of endogenous Cdon showed localization on both OLG cell membranes and cellular processes exhibiting puncta- or varicosity-like structures. Cdon knockdown with siRNA decreased protein levels by 62% as well as two myelin-specific proteins, MBP and MAG. Conversely, overexpression of full-length rat Cdon increased myelin proteins in OLGs. The complexity of OLGs branching and contact point numbers with axons were also increased in Cdon overexpressing cells growing alone or in coculture with dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs). Furthermore, myelination of DRGNs was decreased when OLPs were transfected with Cdon siRNA. Altogether, our results suggest that Cdon participates in OLG differentiation and myelination, most likely in the initial stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Guillermina Almazan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1Y6
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27
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Cdo suppresses canonical Wnt signalling via interaction with Lrp6 thereby promoting neuronal differentiation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5455. [PMID: 25406935 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signalling regulates expansion of neural progenitors and functions as a dorsalizing signal in the developing forebrain. In contrast, the multifunctional co-receptor Cdo promotes neuronal differentiation and is important for the function of the ventralizing signal, Shh. Here we show that Cdo negatively regulates Wnt signalling during neurogenesis. Wnt signalling is enhanced in Cdo-deficient cells, leading to impaired neuronal differentiation. The ectodomains of Cdo and Lrp6 interact via the Ig2 repeat of Cdo and the LDLR repeats of Lrp6, and the Cdo Ig2 repeat is necessary for Cdo-dependent Wnt inhibition. Furthermore, the Cdo-deficient dorsal forebrain displays stronger Wnt signalling activity, increased cell proliferation and enhanced expression of the dorsal markers and Wnt targets, Pax6, Gli3, Axin2. Therefore, in addition to promoting ventral central nervous system cell fates with Shh, Cdo promotes neuronal differentiation by suppression of Wnt signalling and provides a direct link between two major dorsoventral morphogenetic signalling pathways.
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Yi P, Chew LL, Zhang Z, Ren H, Wang F, Cong X, Zheng L, Luo Y, Ouyang H, Low BC, Zhou YT. KIF5B transports BNIP-2 to regulate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and myoblast differentiation. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:29-42. [PMID: 25378581 PMCID: PMC4279227 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-03-0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdo bridges scaffold proteins BNIP-2 and JLP to activate p38MAPK during myoblast differentiation. KIF5B is a novel interacting partner of BNIP-2 and promotes myogenic differentiation. KIF5B-dependent transport of BNIP-2 is essential for its promyogenic effects. The Cdo-p38MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway plays important roles in regulating skeletal myogenesis. During myogenic differentiation, the cell surface receptor Cdo bridges scaffold proteins BNIP-2 and JLP and activates p38MAPK, but the spatial-temporal regulation of this process is largely unknown. We here report that KIF5B, the heavy chain of kinesin-1 motor, is a novel interacting partner of BNIP-2. Coimmunoprecipitation and far-Western study revealed that BNIP-2 directly interacted with the motor and tail domains of KIF5B via its BCH domain. By using a range of organelle markers and live microscopy, we determined the endosomal localization of BNIP-2 and revealed the microtubule-dependent anterograde transport of BNIP-2 in C2C12 cells. The anterograde transport of BNIP-2 was disrupted by a dominant-negative mutant of KIF5B. In addition, knockdown of KIF5B causes aberrant aggregation of BNIP-2, confirming that KIF5B is critical for the anterograde transport of BNIP-2 in cells. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments further showed that KIF5B modulates p38MAPK activity and in turn promotes myogenic differentiation. Of importance, the KIF5B-dependent anterograde transport of BNIP-2 is critical for its promyogenic effects. Our data reveal a novel role of KIF5B in the spatial regulation of Cdo–BNIP-2–p38MAPK signaling and disclose a previously unappreciated linkage between the intracellular transporting system and myogenesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yi
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Li Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences and Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Ziwang Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feiya Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoxia Cong
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liling Zheng
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Yan Luo
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Department of Biological Sciences and Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Yi Ting Zhou
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Gibert B, Delloye-Bourgeois C, Gattolliat CH, Meurette O, Le Guernevel S, Fombonne J, Ducarouge B, Lavial F, Bouhallier F, Creveaux M, Negulescu AM, Bénard J, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Harel-Bellan A, Delattre O, Mehlen P. Regulation by miR181 family of the dependence receptor CDON tumor suppressive activity in neuroblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju318. [PMID: 25313246 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway plays an important role in neural crest cell fate during embryonic development and has been implicated in the progression of multiple cancers that include neuroblastoma, a neural crest cell-derived disease. While most of the SHH signaling is mediated by the well-described canonical pathway leading to the activation of Smoothened and Gli, it has recently been shown that cell-adhesion molecule-related/downregulated by oncogenes (CDON) serves as a receptor for SHH and contributes to SHH-induced signaling. CDON has also been recently described as a dependence receptor, triggering apoptosis in the absence of SHH. This CDON proapoptotic activity has been suggested to constrain tumor progression. METHODS CDON expression was analyzed by quantitative-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in a panel of 226 neuroblastoma patients and associated with stages, overall survival, and expression of miR181 family members using Kaplan Meier and Pearson correlation methods. Cell death assays were performed in neuroblastoma cell lines and tumor growth was investigated in the chick chorioallantoic model. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS CDON expression was inversely associated with neuroblastoma aggressiveness (P < .001). Moreover, re-expression of CDON in neuroblastoma cell lines was associated with apoptosis in vitro and tumor growth inhibition in vivo. We show that CDON expression is regulated by the miR181 miRNA family, whose expression is directly associated with neuroblastoma aggressiveness (survival: high miR181-b 73.2% vs low miR181-b 54.6%; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Together, these data support the view that CDON acts as a tumor suppressor in neuroblastomas, and that CDON is tightly regulated by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gibert
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Céline Delloye-Bourgeois
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Charles-Henry Gattolliat
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Olivier Meurette
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Solen Le Guernevel
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Joanna Fombonne
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Benjamin Ducarouge
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Fabrice Lavial
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Frantz Bouhallier
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Marion Creveaux
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Ana Maria Negulescu
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Jean Bénard
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Isabelle Janoueix-Lerosey
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG).
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Delloye-Bourgeois C, Rama N, Brito J, Le Douarin N, Mehlen P. Sonic Hedgehog promotes the survival of neural crest cells by limiting apoptosis induced by the dependence receptor CDON during branchial arch development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:655-60. [PMID: 25193697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell-adhesion molecule-related/Downregulated by Oncogenes (CDO or CDON) was identified as a receptor for the classic morphogen Sonic Hedgehog (SHH). It has been shown that, in cell culture, CDO also behaves as a SHH dependence receptor: CDO actively triggers apoptosis in absence of SHH via a proteolytic cleavage in CDO intracellular domain. We present evidence that CDO is also pro-apoptotic in the developing neural tube where SHH is known to act as a survival factor. SHH, produced by the ventral foregut endoderm, was shown to promote survival of facial neural crest cells (NCCs) that colonize the first branchial arch (BA1). We show here that the survival activity of SHH on neural crest cells is due to SHH-mediated inhibition of CDO pro-apoptotic activity. Silencing of CDO rescued NCCs from apoptosis observed upon SHH inhibition in the ventral foregut endoderm. Thus, the pair SHH/dependence receptor CDO may play an important role in neural crest cell survival during the formation of the first branchial arch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Delloye-Bourgeois
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Rama
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - José Brito
- Laboratoire Développement, Evolution et Plasticité du Système Nerveux, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicole Le Douarin
- Laboratoire Développement, Evolution et Plasticité du Système Nerveux, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France.
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Trajkovski M, Lodish H. MicroRNA networks regulate development of brown adipocytes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:442-50. [PMID: 23809233 PMCID: PMC3979327 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized for heat generation and energy expenditure as a defense against cold and obesity; in both humans and mice increased amounts of BAT are associated with a lean phenotype and resistance to development of the metabolic syndrome and its complications. Here we summarize recent research showing that several BAT-expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating differentiation and metabolism of brown and beige adipocytes; we discuss the key mRNA targets downregulated by these miRNAs and show how these miRNAs affect directly or indirectly transcription factors important for BAT development. We suggest that these miRNAs could be part of novel therapeutics to increase BAT in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Trajkovski
- University College London (UCL), Division of Biosciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin building, Gower street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Delloye-Bourgeois C, Gibert B, Rama N, Delcros JG, Gadot N, Scoazec JY, Krauss R, Bernet A, Mehlen P. Sonic Hedgehog promotes tumor cell survival by inhibiting CDON pro-apoptotic activity. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001623. [PMID: 23940460 PMCID: PMC3735457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog signaling is a determinant pathway for tumor progression. However, while inhibition of the Hedgehog canonical pathway-Patched-Smoothened-Gli-has proved efficient in human tumors with activating mutations in this pathway, recent clinical data have failed to show any benefit in other cancers, even though Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) expression is detected in these cancers. Cell-adhesion molecule-related/down-regulated by Oncogenes (CDON), a positive regulator of skeletal muscle development, was recently identified as a receptor for SHH. We show here that CDON behaves as a SHH dependence receptor: it actively triggers apoptosis in the absence of SHH. The pro-apoptotic activity of unbound CDON requires a proteolytic cleavage in its intracellular domain, allowing the recruitment and activation of caspase-9. We show that by inducing apoptosis in settings of SHH limitation, CDON expression constrains tumor progression, and as such, decreased CDON expression observed in a large fraction of human colorectal cancer is associated in mice with intestinal tumor progression. Reciprocally, we propose that the SHH expression, detected in human cancers and previously considered as a mechanism for activation of the canonical pathway in an autocrine or paracrine manner, actually provides a selective tumor growth advantage by blocking CDON-induced apoptosis. In support of this notion, we present the preclinical demonstration that interference with the SHH-CDON interaction triggers a CDON-dependent apoptosis in vitro and tumor growth inhibition in vivo. The latter observation qualifies CDON as a relevant alternative target for anticancer therapy in SHH-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Delloye-Bourgeois
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory–Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052– Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR5286), Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory–Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052– Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR5286), Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Rama
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory–Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052– Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR5286), Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Guy Delcros
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory–Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052– Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR5286), Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Gadot
- Endocrine Differentiation Laboratory, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052–CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Anatomie Pathologique, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Endocrine Differentiation Laboratory, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052–CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Anatomie Pathologique, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Robert Krauss
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Agnès Bernet
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory–Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052– Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR5286), Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory–Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1052– Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR5286), Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
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Romer AI, Singh J, Rattan S, Krauss RS. Smooth muscle fascicular reorientation is required for esophageal morphogenesis and dependent on Cdo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 201:309-23. [PMID: 23569214 PMCID: PMC3628509 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201301005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cdo-deficient mice have defects in smooth muscle fascicular reorientation during esophageal morphogenesis, resulting in structural and functional defects including an aberrantly proximal skeletal–smooth muscle boundary and achalasia. Postnatal maturation of esophageal musculature involves proximal-to-distal replacement of smooth muscle with skeletal muscle by elusive mechanisms. We report that this process is impaired in mice lacking the cell surface receptor Cdo and identify the underlying developmental mechanism. A myogenic transition zone containing proliferative skeletal muscle precursor cells migrated in a proximal–distal direction, leaving differentiated myofibers in its wake. Distal to the transition zone, smooth muscle fascicles underwent a morphogenetic process whereby they changed their orientation relative to each other and to the lumen. Consequently, a path was cleared for the transition zone, and smooth muscle ultimately occupied only the distal-most esophagus; there was no loss of smooth muscle. Cdo−/− mice were specifically defective in fascicular reorientation, resulting in an aberrantly proximal skeletal–smooth muscle boundary. Furthermore, Cdo−/− mice displayed megaesophagus and achalasia, and their lower esophageal sphincter was resistant to nitric oxide–induced relaxation, suggesting a developmental linkage between patterning and sphincter function. Collectively, these results illuminate mechanisms of esophageal morphogenesis and motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony I Romer
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Gao L, Wu L, Hou X, Zhang Q, Zhang F, Ye X, Yang Y, Lin X. Drosophila miR-932 modulates hedgehog signaling by targeting its co-receptor Brother of ihog. Dev Biol 2013; 377:166-76. [PMID: 23453925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) proteins act as morphogens in a variety of developmental contexts to control cell fates and growth in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, secretion, distribution, and reception of Hh proteins must be tightly regulated and deregulation of these processes contributes to numerous human diseases. Brother of ihog (Boi) and its close relative Ihog (Interference hedgehog) are cell surface proteins that act as Hh co-receptors required for Hh signaling response and cell-surface maintenance of Hh protein. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of widely expressed 21-23 nucleotides non-coding RNAs that repress gene function through interactions with target mRNAs. Here, we have identified a novel miRNA, miR-932, as an important regulator for Boi. We show that overexpression of miR-932 in the wing disc can enhance Hh signaling strength, but reduce its signaling range, a phenotype similar to that of boi knockdown. In both in vivo sensor assay and in vitro luciferase assay, miR-932 can suppress Boi by directly binding to its 3'UTR. Meanwhile, down-regulation of miR-932 by sponge elevates the protein level of Boi, confirming that miR-932 is an in vivo regulator of Boi expression. Further, we demonstrate that miR-932 can block Hh signaling when co-expressed with ihog-RNAi. Moreover, we find that other predicted miRNAs of Boi fail to suppress it as strong as miR-932. Taken together, our data demonstrate that miR-932 can modulate Hh activity by specifically targeting Boi in Drosophila, illustrating the important roles of miRNAs in fine regulation of the Hh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Cdon and Boc: Two transmembrane proteins implicated in cell-cell communication. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:698-702. [PMID: 22326621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cdon and Boc, and their Drosophila homologues Ihog and Boi, are evolutionary conserved transmembrane glycoproteins belonging to a subgroup of the Immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Initially isolated in vertebrates as CAMs that link cadherin function with MAPK signaling in myoblast differentiation, they have thereafter been shown to act as essential receptors for the Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins. They associate with both ligand and other Hh receptor components, including Ptch and Gas1, thus forming homo- and heteromeric complexes. In Drosophila, they are also involved in ligand processing and release from Hh producing cells. Cdon/Boc and Ihog/Boi can substitute one another and play redundant functions is some contexts. In addition, Boc, but not Cdon, mediates axon guidance information provided by Hh in specific neuronal populations, whereas mutations in the CDON cause holoprosencephaly, a human congenital anomaly defined by forebrain midline defects prominently associated with diminished Hh pathway activity.
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Lee HJ, Bae GU, Leem YE, Choi HK, Kang TM, Cho H, Kim ST, Kang JS. Phosphorylation of Stim1 at serine 575 via netrin-2/Cdo-activated ERK1/2 is critical for the promyogenic function of Stim1. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:1376-87. [PMID: 22298426 PMCID: PMC3315807 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-07-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The promyogenic cell surface molecule Cdo is required for activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor of activated T cells c3 (NFATc3) induced by netrin-2 in myogenic differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism leading to NFATc3 activation is unknown. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim1), an internal calcium sensor of the endoplasmic reticulum store, promotes myogenesis via activation of NFATc3. In this study we investigated the functional interaction between Cdo and Stim1 in myogenic differentiation. Overexpression and depletion of Stim1 enhanced or decreased myotube formation, respectively. Of interest, Stim1 protein levels were decreased in Cdo-deficient perinatal hindlimb muscles or primary myoblasts; this correlates with defective NFATc3 activation in Cdo(-/-) myoblasts upon differentiation. Forced activation of NFATc3 by overexpression of calcineurin restored differentiation of Cdo-depleted C2C12 myoblasts. Furthermore, Cdo and Stim1 formed a complex in 293T cells or in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. The netrin-2-mediated NFATc3 activation was coincident with robust interactions between Cdo and Stim1 in myoblasts and the ERK-mediated Stim1 phosphorylation at serine 575. The serine 575 phosphorylation was enhanced in C2C12 cells upon differentiation, and the alanine substitution of serine 575 failed to restore differentiation of Stim1-depleted myoblasts. Taken together, the results indicate that cell adhesion signaling triggered by netrin-2/Cdo induces Stim1 phosphorylation at serine 575 by ERK, which promotes myoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Mancini A, Sirabella D, Zhang W, Yamazaki H, Shirao T, Krauss RS. Regulation of myotube formation by the actin-binding factor drebrin. Skelet Muscle 2011; 1:36. [PMID: 22152295 PMCID: PMC3251523 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myogenic differentiation involves cell-cycle arrest, activation of the muscle-specific transcriptome, and elongation, alignment and fusion of myoblasts into multinucleated myotubes. This process is controlled by promyogenic transcription factors and regulated by signaling pathways in response to extracellular cues. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway promotes the activity of several such transcription factors, including MyoD and MEF2, thereby controlling the muscle-specific transcription program. However, few p38-regulated genes that play a role in the regulation of myogenesis have been identified. Methods RNA interference (RNAi), chemical inhibition and immunofluorescence approaches were used to assess the role of drebrin in differentiation of primary mouse myoblasts and C2C12 cells. Results In a search for p38-regulated genes that promote myogenic differentiation, we identified Dbn1, which encodes the actin-binding protein drebrin. Drebrin is an F-actin side-binding protein that remodels actin to facilitate the change of filopodia into dendritic spines during synaptogenesis in developing neurons. Dbn1 mRNA and protein are induced during differentiation of primary mouse and C2C12 myoblasts, and induction is substantially reduced by the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Primary myoblasts and C2C12 cells depleted of drebrin by RNAi display reduced levels of myogenin and myosin heavy chain and form multinucleated myotubes very inefficiently. Treatment of myoblasts with BTP2, a small-molecule inhibitor of drebrin, produces a phenotype similar to that produced by knockdown of drebrin, and the inhibitory effects of BTP2 are rescued by expression of a mutant form of drebrin that is unable to bind BTP2. Drebrin in myoblasts is enriched in cellular projections and cell cortices and at regions of cell-cell contact, all sites where F-actin, too, was concentrated. Conclusions Our findings reveal that Dbn1 expression is a target of p38 MAPK signaling during myogenesis and that drebrin promotes myoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Mancini
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L, Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Sun L, Xie H, Mori MA, Alexander R, Yuan B, Hattangadi SM, Liu Q, Kahn CR, Lodish HF. Mir193b-365 is essential for brown fat differentiation. Nat Cell Biol 2011; 13:958-65. [PMID: 21743466 PMCID: PMC3149720 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mammals have two principal types of fat. White adipose tissue primarily serves to store extra energy as triglycerides, whereas brown adipose tissue is specialized to burn lipids for heat generation and energy expenditure as a defence against cold and obesity. Recent studies have demonstrated that brown adipocytes arise in vivo from a Myf5-positive, myoblastic progenitor by the action of Prdm16 (PR domain containing 16). Here, we identified a brown-fat-enriched miRNA cluster, MiR-193b-365, as a key regulator of brown fat development. Blocking miR-193b and/or miR-365 in primary brown preadipocytes markedly impaired brown adipocyte adipogenesis by enhancing Runx1t1 (runt-related transcription factor 1; translocated to, 1) expression, whereas myogenic markers were significantly induced. Forced expression of Mir193b and/or Mir365 in C2C12 myoblasts blocked the entire programme of myogenesis, and, in adipogenic conditions, miR-193b induced myoblasts to differentiate into brown adipocytes. Mir193b-365 was upregulated by Prdm16 partially through Pparα. Our results demonstrate that Mir193b-365 serves as an essential regulator for brown fat differentiation, in part by repressing myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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Han JW, Lee HJ, Bae GU, Kang JS. Promyogenic function of Integrin/FAK signaling is mediated by Cdo, Cdc42 and MyoD. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1162-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Secretome Analysis of Skeletal Myogenesis Using SILAC and Shotgun Proteomics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2011; 2011:329467. [PMID: 22084683 PMCID: PMC3200090 DOI: 10.1155/2011/329467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myogenesis, the formation of skeletal muscle, is a multistep event that commences with myoblast proliferation, followed by cell-cycle arrest, and finally the formation of multinucleated myotubes via fusion of mononucleated myoblasts. Each step is orchestrated by well-documented intracellular factors, such as cytoplasmic signalling molecules and nuclear transcription factors. Regardless, the key step in getting a more comprehensive understanding of the regulation of myogenesis is to explore the extracellular factors that are capable of eliciting the downstream intracellular factors. This could further provide valuable insight into the acute cellular response to extrinsic cues in maintaining normal muscle development. In this paper, we survey the intracellular factors that respond to extracellular cues that are responsible for the cascades of events during myogenesis: myoblast proliferation, cell-cycle arrest of myoblasts, and differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes. This focus on extracellular perspective of muscle development illustrates our mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches to identify differentially expressed secreted factors during skeletal myogenesis.
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Gallet A. Hedgehog morphogen: from secretion to reception. Trends Cell Biol 2011; 21:238-46. [PMID: 21257310 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge of developmental biology is to understand how cells coordinate developmental behaviors with their neighbors. To achieve this, cells often employ signaling molecules that emanate from a local source and act at a distance on target cells. The Hedgehog morphogen is an essential signaling molecule required for numerous processes during animal development. Emphasizing the importance of this molecule for both growth control and patterning, Hedgehog signaling activity is often deregulated during cancer formation and progression. The secretion and spread of Hedgehog are not passive processes, but require accessory molecules involved in Hedgehog processing, release, spread and reception. In this review, I focus on the factors that are required to control the spread and activity of Hedgehog, highlighting recent data that have shed light on these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armel Gallet
- Institut de Biologie du Développement & Cancer - IBDC, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR6543 CNRS, Centre de Biochimie, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice cedex 2, France.
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Systematic analysis of cis-elements in unstable mRNAs demonstrates that CUGBP1 is a key regulator of mRNA decay in muscle cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11201. [PMID: 20574513 PMCID: PMC2888570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dramatic changes in gene expression occur in response to extracellular stimuli and during differentiation. Although transcriptional effects are important, alterations in mRNA decay also play a major role in achieving rapid and massive changes in mRNA abundance. Moreover, just as transcription factor activity varies between different cell types, the factors influencing mRNA decay are also cell-type specific. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have established the rates of decay for over 7000 transcripts expressed in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. We found that GU-rich (GRE) and AU-rich (ARE) elements are over-represented in the 3'UTRs of short-lived mRNAs and that these mRNAs tend to encode factors involved in cell cycle and transcription regulation. Stabilizing elements were also identified. By comparing mRNA decay rates in C2C12 cells with those previously measured for pluripotent and differentiating embryonic stem (ES) cells, we identified several groups of transcripts that exhibit cell-type specific decay rates. Further, whereas in C2C12 cells the impact of GREs on mRNA decay appears to be greater than that of AREs, AREs are more significant in ES cells, supporting the idea that cis elements make a cell-specific contribution to mRNA stability. GREs are recognized by CUGBP1, an RNA-binding protein and instability factor whose function is affected in several neuromuscular diseases. We therefore utilized RNA immunoprecipitation followed by microarray (RIP-Chip) to identify CUGBP1-associated transcripts. These mRNAs also showed dramatic enrichment of GREs in their 3'UTRs and encode proteins linked with cell cycle, and intracellular transport. Interestingly several CUGBP1 substrate mRNAs, including those encoding the myogenic transcription factors Myod1 and Myog, are also bound by the stabilizing factor HuR in C2C12 cells. Finally, we show that several CUGBP1-associated mRNAs containing 3'UTR GREs, including Myod1, are stabilized in cells depleted of CUGBP1, consistent with the role of CUGBP1 as a destabilizing factor. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results systematically establish cis-acting determinants of mRNA decay rates in C2C12 myoblast cells and demonstrate that CUGBP1 associates with GREs to regulate decay of a wide range of mRNAs including several that are critical for muscle development.
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Siegel AL, Atchison K, Fisher KE, Davis GE, Cornelison DDW. 3D timelapse analysis of muscle satellite cell motility. Stem Cells 2010; 27:2527-38. [PMID: 19609936 PMCID: PMC2798070 DOI: 10.1002/stem.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle repair and regeneration requires the activity of satellite cells, a population of myogenic stem cells scattered throughout the tissue and activated to proliferate and differentiate in response to myotrauma or disease. While it seems likely that satellite cells would need to navigate local muscle tissue to reach damaged areas, relatively little data on such motility exist, and most studies have been with immortalized cell lines. We find that primary satellite cells are significantly more motile than myoblast cell lines, and that adhesion to laminin promotes primary cell motility more than fourfold over other substrates. Using timelapse videomicroscopy to assess satellite cell motility on single living myofibers, we have identified a requirement for the laminin-binding integrin α7β1 in satellite cell motility, as well as a role for hepatocyte growth factor in promoting directional persistence. The extensive migratory behavior of satellite cells resident on muscle fibers suggests caution when determining, based on fixed specimens, whether adjacent cells are daughters from the same mother cell. We also observed more persistent long-term contact between individual satellite cells than has been previously supposed, potential cell-cell attractive and repulsive interactions, and migration between host myofibers. Based on such activity, we assayed for expression of “pathfinding” cues, and found that satellite cells express multiple guidance ligands and receptors. Together, these data suggest that satellite cell migration in vivo may be more extensive than currently thought, and could be regulated by combinations of signals, including adhesive haptotaxis, soluble factors, and guidance cues. Stem Cells2009;27:2527–2538
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Siegel
- Division of Biology,University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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N-cadherin ligation, but not Sonic hedgehog binding, initiates Cdo-dependent p38alpha/beta MAPK signaling in skeletal myoblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:4212-7. [PMID: 20160094 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0908883107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38alpha/beta mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway promotes muscle-specific gene expression and myoblast differentiation but how pathway activity is initiated during these processes is poorly understood. During myoblast differentiation, the intracellular region of the promyogenic cell surface protein Cdo (also known as Cdon) binds to Bnip-2 and JLP, scaffold proteins for Cdc42 and p38alpha/beta MAPK, respectively. The Bnip-2/Cdc42 and JLP/p38alpha/beta complexes associate in a Cdo-dependent manner, resulting in Bnip-2/Cdc42-dependent p38alpha/beta activation and stimulation of cell differentiation. Although the Cdo ectodomain binds to several different proteins, it is unclear how Cdo-dependent p38alpha/beta activation is initiated. In myoblasts, Cdo interacts with the cell-cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin. Cdo also binds directly to the secreted morphogen Sonic hedgehog (Shh) to promote Shh pathway signaling. We report here that N-cadherin ligation activates p38alpha/beta in myoblasts in a Cdo-, Bnip-2-, and JLP-dependent manner. Furthermore, these proteins and activated Cdc42 cluster at sites of N-cadherin ligation. In contrast, neither JLP nor Bnip-2 is associated with Cdo bound to Shh, and Shh does not activate p38alpha/beta in myoblasts. Taken together, these results link cadherin-based cell-cell adhesion to a defined signaling pathway (Cdo --> p38alpha/beta) that directly regulates a cell-type-specific differentiation program. Furthermore, they are consistent with a model whereby Cdo serves as a multifunctional coreceptor with mechanistically distinct roles in multiple signaling pathways.
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Missense mutations in IHH impair Indian Hedgehog signaling in C3H10T1/2 cells: Implications for brachydactyly type A1, and new targets for Hedgehog signaling. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2009; 15:153-76. [PMID: 20024692 PMCID: PMC6275863 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-009-0040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous missense mutations in IHH result in Brachydactyly type A1 (BDA1; OMIM 112500), a condition characterized by the shortening of digits due to hypoplasia/aplasia of the middle phalanx. Indian Hedgehog signaling regulates the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and is essential for endochondral bone formation. Analyses of activated IHH signaling in C3H10T1/2 cells showed that three BDA1-associated mutations (p.E95K, p.D100E and p.E131K) severely impaired the induction of targets such as Ptch1 and Gli1. However, this was not a complete loss of function, suggesting that these mutations may affect the interaction with the receptor PTCH1 or its partners, with an impact on the induction potency. From comparative microarray expression analyses and quantitative real-time PCR, we identified three additional targets, Sostdc1, Penk1 and Igfbp5, which were also severely affected. Penk1 and Igfbp5 were confirmed to be regulated by GLI1, while the induction of Sostdc1 by IHH is independent of GLI1. SOSTDC1 is a BMP antagonist, and altered BMP signaling is known to affect digit formation. The role of Penk1 and Igfbp5 in skeletogenesis is not known. However, we have shown that both Penk1 and Igfbp5 are expressed in the interzone region of the developing joint of mouse digits, providing another link for a role for IHH signaling in the formation of the distal digits.
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Bae GU, Yang YJ, Jiang G, Hong M, Lee HJ, Tessier-Lavigne M, Kang JS, Krauss RS. Neogenin regulates skeletal myofiber size and focal adhesion kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activities in vivo and in vitro. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:4920-31. [PMID: 19812254 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-06-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of signaling pathways participate in the development of skeletal muscle, but the extracellular cues that regulate such pathways in myofiber formation are not well understood. Neogenin is a receptor for ligands of the netrin and repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) families involved in axon guidance. We reported previously that neogenin promoted myotube formation by C2C12 myoblasts in vitro and that the related protein Cdo (also Cdon) was a potential neogenin coreceptor in myoblasts. We report here that mice homozygous for a gene-trap mutation in the Neo1 locus (encoding neogenin) develop myotomes normally but have small myofibers at embryonic day 18.5 and at 3 wk of age. Similarly, cultured myoblasts derived from such animals form smaller myotubes with fewer nuclei than myoblasts from control animals. These in vivo and in vitro defects are associated with low levels of the activated forms of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), both known to be involved in myotube formation, and inefficient expression of certain muscle-specific proteins. Recombinant netrin-2 activates FAK and ERK in cultured myoblasts in a neogenin- and Cdo-dependent manner, whereas recombinant RGMc displays lesser ability to activate these kinases. Together, netrin-neogenin signaling is an important extracellular cue in regulation of myogenic differentiation and myofiber size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Un Bae
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Zhang W, Mulieri PJ, Gaio U, Bae GU, Krauss RS, Kang JS. Ocular abnormalities in mice lacking the immunoglobulin superfamily member Cdo. FEBS J 2009; 276:5998-6010. [PMID: 19754878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate eye development requires a series of complex morphogenetic and inductive events to produce a lens vesicle centered within the bilayered optic cup and a posteriorly positioned optic stalk. Multiple congenital eye defects, including microphthalmia and coloboma, result from defects in early eye morphogenesis. Cdo is a multifunctional cell surface immunoglobulin superfamily member that interacts with and mediates signaling by cadherins and netrins to regulate myogenesis. In addition, Cdo plays an essential role in early forebrain development by functioning as coreceptor for sonic hedgehog. It is reported here that Cdo is expressed in a dynamic, but dorsally restricted, fashion during early eye development, and that mice lacking Cdo display multiple eye defects. Anomalies seen in Cdo(-/-) mice include coloboma (failure to close the optic fissure); failure to form a proper boundary between the retinal pigmented epithelium and optic stalk; defective lens formation, including failure to separate from the surface ectoderm; and microphthalmia. Consistent with this wide array of defects, developing eyes of Cdo(-/-) mice show altered expression of several regulators of dorsoventral eye patterning, including Pax6, Pax2, and Tbx5. Taken together, these findings show that Cdo is required for normal eye development and is required for normal expression of patterning genes in both the ventral and dorsal domains. The multiple eye development defects seen in Cdo(-/-) mice suggest that mutations in human Cdo could contribute to congenital eye anomalies, such as Jacobsen syndrome, which is frequently associated with ocular defects, including coloboma and Peters' anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Cdo binds Abl to promote p38alpha/beta mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and myogenic differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:4130-43. [PMID: 19470755 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00199-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is required for differentiation of skeletal myoblasts, but how the pathway is activated during this process is not well understood. One mechanism involves the cell surface receptor Cdo (also known as Cdon), which binds to Bnip-2 and JLP, scaffold proteins for Cdc42 and p38, respectively; formation of these complexes results in Bnip-2/Cdc42-dependent activation of p38. It has been reported that the tyrosine kinase Abl promotes myogenic differentiation in a manner dependent on its cytoplasmic localization, but the cytoplasmic signaling proteins with which it interacts to achieve this effect are unidentified. We report that Abl associates with both Cdo and JLP during myoblast differentiation. Abl binds a proline-rich motif in Cdo via its SH3 domain, and these regions of Abl and Cdo are required for their promyogenic effects. Cdo is important for full Abl kinase activity, and Abl is necessary for full activation of p38 MAPK, during myogenic differentiation. As seen with myoblasts depleted of Cdo, the diminished differentiation displayed by Abl-depleted cells is rescued by the expression of an activated form of the immediate upstream p38-activating kinase MAPK kinase 6. Abl's promyogenic effect is therefore linked to a multiprotein cell surface complex that regulates differentiation-dependent p38 activation.
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Oh JE, Bae GU, Yang YJ, Yi MJ, Lee HJ, Kim BG, Krauss RS, Kang JS. Cdo promotes neuronal differentiation via activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. FASEB J 2009; 23:2088-99. [PMID: 19244314 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-119255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neural basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (bHLHs) control many aspects of neurogenesis, such as proliferation, fate determination, and differentiation. We have previously shown that the promyogenic cell surface receptor Cdo modulates the Cdc42 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways via a direct association with two scaffold-type proteins, JLP and Bnip-2, to regulate activities of myogenic bHLH factors and myogenic differentiation. We report here that Cdo uses similar regulatory mechanisms to promote neuronal differentiation. Expression of JLP, a scaffold protein for p38MAPK, and Bnip-2, a regulator of Cdc42, is increased during differentiation of C17.2 neural precursor cells and P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. These molecules regulate Cdc42 and p38MAPK activities, which increase in a Cdo-dependent manner during neuronal differentiation of C17.2 cells and retinoic acid-treated P19 cells. Furthermore, enhancement or reduction of Cdc42 and p38MAPK activities enhances or reduces, respectively, neuronal differentiation of these cell lines. Cdc42 and p38MAPK activities also promote heterodimerization of neurogenin1 and E47, suggesting that one way they promote neurogenesis is via regulation of neural bHLH factor activities. These results imply that a conserved intracellular signaling mechanism initiated by Cdo regulates the activities of tissue-specific bHLH factors and therefore functions as a key regulator of differentiation of several different cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Oh
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
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Abstract
Myoblasts in vitro form characteristic arrays of bipolar-shaped cells prior to fusion. We have shown that the actin cytoskeleton re-organizes in these fusing cells and that the interaction of non-muscle myosin 2A with actin at the plasma membrane helps to generate the bipolar shape of myoblasts, which is key for fusion. Here we discuss how fusion occurs, and in particular how the actin cytoskeleton is involved. Myoblast fusion is essential to form the multi-nucleated muscle fibres that make up the skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle fibres contain many nuclei, roughly one nucleus to every 15 sarcomeres (35 microm) in adult muscle, although this varies with muscle type (Bruusgaard et al., 2006). Thus a muscle fibre 30 cm long contains about 8000 nuclei and is formed by the fusion of about 8000 cells during development. The formation of multi-nucleated myotubes has been intensively studied for many years using a number of different systems. Many different proteins have been identified using Drosophila as a model system (e.g. see reviews by Taylor, 2000, 2002) that have given an insight into what happens in mammals. However, the process of fusion of mammalian cells is less well understood, and this paper will cover some of the aspects of mammalian myoblast fusion, with a particular focus on the role of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peckham
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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