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Tapia D, Cavieres VA, Burgos PV, Cancino J. Impact of interorganelle coordination between the conventional early secretory pathway and autophagy in cellular homeostasis and stress response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1069256. [PMID: 37152281 PMCID: PMC10160633 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1069256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional early secretory pathway and autophagy are two essential interconnected cellular processes that are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The conventional secretory pathway is an anabolic cellular process synthesizing and delivering proteins to distinct locations, including different organelles, the plasma membrane, and the extracellular media. On the other hand, autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that engulfs damaged organelles and aberrant cytosolic constituents into the double autophagosome membrane. After fusion with the lysosome and autolysosome formation, this process triggers digestion and recycling. A growing list of evidence indicates that these anabolic and catabolic processes are mutually regulated. While knowledge about the molecular actors involved in the coordination and functional cooperation between these two processes has increased over time, the mechanisms are still poorly understood. This review article summarized and discussed the most relevant evidence about the key molecular players implicated in the interorganelle crosstalk between the early secretory pathway and autophagy under normal and stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Tapia
- Cell Biology of Interorganelle Signaling Laboratory, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana A. Cavieres
- Organelle Phagy Lab, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Organelle Phagy Lab, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Cell Biology of Interorganelle Signaling Laboratory, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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2
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The Diffusion Model of Intra-Golgi Transport Has Limited Power. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021375. [PMID: 36674888 PMCID: PMC9861033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi complex (GC) is the main station along the cell biosecretory pathway. Until now, mechanisms of intra-Golgi transport (IGT) have remained unclear. Herein, we confirm that the goodness-of-fit of the regression lines describing the exit of a cargo from the Golgi zone (GZ) corresponds to an exponential decay. When the GC was empty before the re-initiation of the intra-Golgi transport, this parameter of the curves describing the kinetics of different cargoes (which are deleted in Golgi vesicles) with different diffusional mobilities within the GZ as well as their exit from the GZ was maximal for the piecewise nonlinear regression, wherein the first segment was horizontal, while the second segment was similar to the exponential decay. The kinetic curve describing cargo exit from the GC per se resembled a linear decay. The Monte-Carlo simulation revealed that such curves reflect the role of microtubule growth in cells with a central GC or the random hovering of ministacks in cells lacking a microtubule. The synchronization of cargo exit from the GC already filled with a cargo using the wave synchronization protocol did not reveal the equilibration of cargo within a Golgi stack, which would be expected from the diffusion model (DM) of IGT. Moreover, not all cisternae are connected to each other in mini-stacks that are transporting membrane proteins. Finally, the kinetics of post-Golgi carriers and the important role of SNAREs for IGT at different level of IGT also argue against the DM of IGT.
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3
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Comparison of the Cisterna Maturation-Progression Model with the Kiss-and-Run Model of Intra-Golgi Transport: Role of Cisternal Pores and Cargo Domains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073590. [PMID: 35408951 PMCID: PMC8999060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi complex is the central station of the secretory pathway. Knowledge about the mechanisms of intra-Golgi transport is inconsistent. Here, we compared the explanatory power of the cisterna maturation-progression model and the kiss-and-run model. During intra-Golgi transport, conventional cargoes undergo concentration and form cisternal distensions or distinct membrane domains that contain only one membrane cargo. These domains and distension are separated from the rest of the Golgi cisternae by rows of pores. After the arrival of any membrane cargo or a large cargo aggregate at the Golgi complex, the cis-Golgi SNAREs become enriched within the membrane of cargo-containing domains and then replaced by the trans-Golgi SNAREs. During the passage of these domains, the number of cisternal pores decreases. Restoration of the cisternal pores is COPI-dependent. Our observations are more in line with the kiss-and-run model.
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4
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Hellicar J, Stevenson NL, Stephens DJ, Lowe M. Supply chain logistics - the role of the Golgi complex in extracellular matrix production and maintenance. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:273996. [PMID: 35023559 PMCID: PMC8767278 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomechanical and biochemical properties of connective tissues are determined by the composition and quality of their extracellular matrix. This, in turn, is highly dependent on the function and organisation of the secretory pathway. The Golgi complex plays a vital role in directing matrix output by co-ordinating the post-translational modification and proteolytic processing of matrix components prior to their secretion. These modifications have broad impacts on the secretion and subsequent assembly of matrix components, as well as their function in the extracellular environment. In this Review, we highlight the role of the Golgi in the formation of an adaptable, healthy matrix, with a focus on proteoglycan and procollagen secretion as example cargoes. We then discuss the impact of Golgi dysfunction on connective tissue in the context of human disease and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hellicar
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673
| | - Nicola L Stevenson
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David J Stephens
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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5
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Huang B, Li X, Zhu X. The Role of GM130 in Nervous System Diseases. Front Neurol 2021; 12:743787. [PMID: 34777211 PMCID: PMC8581157 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.743787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi matrix protein 130 (GM130) is a Golgi-shaping protein located on the cis surface of the Golgi apparatus (GA). It is one of the most studied Golgin proteins so far. Its biological functions are involved in many aspects of life processes, including mitosis, autophagy, apoptosis, cell polarity, and directed migration at the cellular level, as well as intracellular lipid and protein transport, microtubule formation and assembly, lysosome function maintenance, and glycosylation modification. Mutation inactivation or loss of expression of GM130 has been detected in patients with different diseases. GM130 plays an important role in the development of the nervous system, but the studies on it are limited. This article reviewed the current research progress of GM130 in nervous system diseases. It summarized the physiological functions of GM130 in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), microcephaly (MCPH), sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE), and Ataxia, aiming to provide ideas for the further study of GM130 in nervous system disease detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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6
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Lujan P, Campelo F. Should I stay or should I go? Golgi membrane spatial organization for protein sorting and retention. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 707:108921. [PMID: 34038703 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is the membrane-bound organelle that lies at the center of the secretory pathway. Its main functions are to maintain cellular lipid homeostasis, to orchestrate protein processing and maturation, and to mediate protein sorting and export. These functions are not independent of one another, and they all require that the membranes of the Golgi complex have a well-defined biochemical composition. Importantly, a finely-regulated spatiotemporal organization of the Golgi membrane components is essential for the correct performance of the organelle. In here, we review our current mechanistic and molecular understanding of how Golgi membranes are spatially organized in the lateral and axial directions to fulfill their functions. In particular, we highlight the current evidence and proposed models of intra-Golgi transport, as well as the known mechanisms for the retention of Golgi residents and for the sorting and export of transmembrane cargo proteins. Despite the controversies, conflicting evidence, clashes between models, and technical limitations, the field has moved forward and we have gained extensive knowledge in this fascinating topic. However, there are still many important questions that remain to be completely answered. We hope that this review will help boost future investigations on these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Abstract
The Golgi complex plays a central role in protein secretion by regulating cargo sorting and trafficking. As these processes are of functional importance to cell polarity, motility, growth, and division, there is considerable interest in achieving a comprehensive understanding of Golgi complex biology. However, the unique stack structure of this organelle has been a major hurdle to our understanding of how proteins are secreted through the Golgi apparatus. Herein, we summarize available relevant research to gain an understanding of protein secretion via the Golgi complex. This includes the molecular mechanisms of intra-Golgi trafficking and cargo export in the trans-Golgi network. Moreover, we review recent insights on signaling pathways regulated by the Golgi complex and their physiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyou Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sungeun Ju
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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8
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Rizzo R, Russo D, Kurokawa K, Sahu P, Lombardi B, Supino D, Zhukovsky MA, Vocat A, Pothukuchi P, Kunnathully V, Capolupo L, Boncompain G, Vitagliano C, Zito Marino F, Aquino G, Montariello D, Henklein P, Mandrich L, Botti G, Clausen H, Mandel U, Yamaji T, Hanada K, Budillon A, Perez F, Parashuraman S, Hannun YA, Nakano A, Corda D, D'Angelo G, Luini A. Golgi maturation-dependent glycoenzyme recycling controls glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and cell growth via GOLPH3. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107238. [PMID: 33749896 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids are important components of the plasma membrane where they modulate the activities of membrane proteins including signalling receptors. Glycosphingolipid synthesis relies on competing reactions catalysed by Golgi-resident enzymes during the passage of substrates through the Golgi cisternae. The glycosphingolipid metabolic output is determined by the position and levels of the enzymes within the Golgi stack, but the mechanisms that coordinate the intra-Golgi localisation of the enzymes are poorly understood. Here, we show that a group of sequentially-acting enzymes operating at the branchpoint among glycosphingolipid synthetic pathways binds the Golgi-localised oncoprotein GOLPH3. GOLPH3 sorts these enzymes into vesicles for intra-Golgi retro-transport, acting as a component of the cisternal maturation mechanism. Through these effects, GOLPH3 controls the sub-Golgi localisation and the lysosomal degradation rate of specific enzymes. Increased GOLPH3 levels, as those observed in tumours, alter glycosphingolipid synthesis and plasma membrane composition thereby promoting mitogenic signalling and cell proliferation. These data have medical implications as they outline a novel oncogenic mechanism of action for GOLPH3 based on glycosphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Rizzo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Lecce, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
| | - Pranoy Sahu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Bernadette Lombardi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Supino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Mikhail A Zhukovsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Anthony Vocat
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Prathyush Pothukuchi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Vidya Kunnathully
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Capolupo
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlo Vitagliano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Aquino
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Montariello
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Petra Henklein
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luigi Mandrich
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Nørre Alle 20, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ulla Mandel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Nørre Alle 20, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Toshiyuki Yamaji
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Franck Perez
- Institute Curie - CNRS UMR1 44, Research Center, Paris, France
| | | | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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9
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Restelli E, Capone V, Pozzoli M, Ortolan D, Quaglio E, Corbelli A, Fiordaliso F, Beznoussenko GV, Artuso V, Roiter I, Sallese M, Chiesa R. Activation of Src family kinase ameliorates secretory trafficking in mutant prion protein cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100490. [PMID: 33662396 PMCID: PMC8059059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatal familial insomnia (FFI), genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD), and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome are neurodegenerative disorders linked to prion protein (PrP) mutations. The pathogenic mechanisms are not known, but increasing evidence points to mutant PrP misfolding and retention in the secretory pathway. We previously found that the D178N/M129 mutation associated with FFI accumulates in the Golgi of neuronal cells, impairing post-Golgi trafficking. In this study we further characterized the trafficking defect induced by the FFI mutation and tested the 178N/V129 variant linked to gCJD and a nine-octapeptide repeat insertion associated with GSS. We used transfected HeLa cells, embryonic fibroblasts and primary neurons from transgenic mice, and fibroblasts from carriers of the FFI mutation. In all these cell types, the mutant PrPs showed abnormal intracellular localizations, accumulating in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. To test the efficiency of the membrane trafficking system, we monitored the intracellular transport of the temperature-sensitive vesicular stomatite virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), a well-established cargo reporter, and of endogenous procollagen I (PC-I). We observed marked alterations in secretory trafficking, with VSV-G accumulating mainly in the Golgi complex and PC-I in the ER and Golgi. A redacted version of mutant PrP with reduced propensity to misfold did not impair VSV-G trafficking, nor did artificial ER or Golgi retention of wild-type PrP; this indicates that both misfolding and intracellular retention were required to induce the transport defect. Pharmacological activation of Src family kinase (SFK) improved intracellular transport, suggesting that mutant PrP impairs secretory trafficking through corruption of SFK-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Restelli
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Vanessa Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Manuela Pozzoli
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Ortolan
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Quaglio
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Bio-Imaging Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Bio-Imaging Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Ignazio Roiter
- ULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Casler JC, Zajac AL, Valbuena FM, Sparvoli D, Jeyifous O, Turkewitz AP, Horne-Badovinac S, Green WN, Glick BS. ESCargo: a regulatable fluorescent secretory cargo for diverse model organisms. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2892-2903. [PMID: 33112725 PMCID: PMC7927198 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-09-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane traffic can be studied by imaging a cargo protein as it transits the secretory pathway. The best tools for this purpose initially block export of the secretory cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then release the block to generate a cargo wave. However, previously developed regulatable secretory cargoes are often tricky to use or specific for a single model organism. To overcome these hurdles for budding yeast, we recently optimized an artificial fluorescent secretory protein that exits the ER with the aid of the Erv29 cargo receptor, which is homologous to mammalian Surf4. The fluorescent secretory protein forms aggregates in the ER lumen and can be rapidly disaggregated by addition of a ligand to generate a nearly synchronized cargo wave. Here we term this regulatable secretory protein ESCargo (Erv29/Surf4-dependent secretory cargo) and demonstrate its utility not only in yeast cells, but also in cultured mammalian cells, Drosophila cells, and the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Kinetic studies indicate that rapid export from the ER requires recognition by Erv29/Surf4. By choosing an appropriate ER signal sequence and expression vector, this simple technology can likely be used with many model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Casler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Allison L. Zajac
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Fernando M. Valbuena
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Daniela Sparvoli
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Okunola Jeyifous
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Aaron P. Turkewitz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Sally Horne-Badovinac
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - William N. Green
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Benjamin S. Glick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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11
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Rab6 is required for rapid, cisternal-specific, intra-Golgi cargo transport. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16604. [PMID: 33024151 PMCID: PMC7538953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab6, the most abundant Golgi associated small GTPase, consists of 2 equally common isoforms, Rab6A and Rab6A′, that differ in 3 amino acids and localize to trans Golgi cisternae. The two isoforms are largely redundant in function and hence are often referred to generically as Rab6. Rab6 loss-of-function inhibits retrograde Golgi trafficking, induces an increase in Golgi cisternal number in HeLa cells and delays the cell surface appearance of the anterograde cargo protein, VSVG. We hypothesized that these effects are linked and might be explained by a cisternal-specific delay in cargo transport. In pulse chase experiments using a deconvolved, confocal line scanning approach to score the distribution of the tsO45 mutant of VSVG protein in Rab6 depleted cells, we found that anterograde transport at 32 °C, permissive conditions, through the Golgi apparatus was locally delayed, almost tenfold, between medial and trans Golgi cisterna. Cis to medial transport was nearly normal as was trans Golgi to TGN transport. TGN exit was unaffected by Rab6 depletion. These effects were the same with either of two siRNAs. Similar intra-Golgi transport delays were seen at 37 °C with RUSH VSVG or a RUSH GPI-anchored construct using a biotin pulse to release the marker proteins from the ER. Using 3D-SIM, a super resolution approach, we found that RUSH VSVG transport was delayed pre-trans Golgi. These visual approaches suggest a selective slowing of anterograde transport relative to 3 different marker proteins downstream of the trans Golgi. Using a biochemical approach, we found that the onset of VSVG endoglycosidase H resistance in Rab6 depleted cells was delayed. Depletion of neither Rab6A or Rab6A′ isoforms alone had any effect on anterograde transport through the Golgi suggesting that Rab6A and Rab6A′ act coordinately. Delayed cargo transport conditions correlate strongly with a proliferation of Golgi cisternae observed in earlier electron microscopy. Our results strongly indicate that Rab6 is selectively required for rapid anterograde transport from the medial to trans Golgi. We suggest that the observed correlation with localized cisternal proliferation fits best with a cisternal progression model of Golgi function.
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12
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Kurokawa K, Nakano A. Live-cell Imaging by Super-resolution Confocal Live Imaging Microscopy (SCLIM): Simultaneous Three-color and Four-dimensional Live Cell Imaging with High Space and Time Resolution. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3732. [PMID: 33659393 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many questions in cell biology can be solved by state-of-the-art technology of live cell imaging. One good example is the mechanism of membrane traffic, in which small membrane carriers are rapidly moving around in the cytoplasm to deliver cargo proteins between organelles. For directly visualizing the events in membrane trafficking system, researchers have long awaited the technology that enables simultaneous multi-color and four-dimensional observation at high space and time resolution. Super-resolution microscopy methods, for example STED, PALM/STORM, and SIM, provide greater spatial resolution, however, these methods are not enough in temporal resolution. The super-resolution confocal live imaging microscopy (SCLIM) that we developed has now achieved the performance required. By using SCLIM, we have conducted high spatiotemporal visualization of secretory cargo together with early and late Golgi resident proteins tagged with three different fluorescence proteins. We have demonstrated that secretory cargo is indeed delivered within the Golgi by cisternal maturation. In addition, we have visualized details of secretory cargo trafficking in the Golgi, including formation of zones within a maturing cisterna, in which Golgi resident proteins are segregated, and movement of cargo between these zones. This protocol can be used for simultaneous three-color and four-dimensional observation of various phenomena in living cells, from yeast to higher plants and animals, at high spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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13
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Mukherjee S, Bhattacharyya D, Bhunia A. Host-membrane interacting interface of the SARS coronavirus envelope protein: Immense functional potential of C-terminal domain. Biophys Chem 2020; 266:106452. [PMID: 32818817 PMCID: PMC7418743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Envelope (E) protein in SARS Coronavirus (CoV) is a small structural protein, incorporated as part of the envelope. A major fraction of the protein has been known to be associated with the host membranes, particularly organelles related to intracellular trafficking, prompting CoV packaging and propagation. Studies have elucidated the central hydrophobic transmembrane domain of the E protein being responsible for much of the viroporin activity in favor of the virus. However, newer insights into the organizational principles at the membranous compartments within the host cells suggest further complexity of the system. The lesser hydrophobic Carboxylic-terminal of the protein harbors interesting amino acid sequences- suggesting at the prevalence of membrane-directed amyloidogenic properties that remains mostly elusive. These highly conserved segments indicate at several potential membrane-associated functional roles that can redefine our comprehensive understanding of the protein. This should prompt further studies in designing and characterizing of effective targeted therapeutic measures. The SARS CoV Envelope protein is a small structural protein of the virus, responsible for viroporin like activity. Membrane- E protein interaction provides an useful insight into gaining mechanistic insight into its viroporin functions. The central hydrophobic transmembrane domain of E protein, known to affect ion-channel formation. The C-terminal region of the protein show further potential host-membrane directed functional roles. The highly conserved amyloidogenic amino acid stretches of the C-terminal suggest for its contribution to CoV propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Mukherjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII(M), Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Dipita Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII(M), Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII(M), Kolkata 700054, India.
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14
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Zappa F, Wilson C, Di Tullio G, Santoro M, Pucci P, Monti M, D'Amico D, Pisonero‐Vaquero S, De Cegli R, Romano A, Saleem MA, Polishchuk E, Failli M, Giaquinto L, De Matteis MA. The TRAPP complex mediates secretion arrest induced by stress granule assembly. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101704. [PMID: 31429971 PMCID: PMC6769382 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The TRAnsport Protein Particle (TRAPP) complex controls multiple membrane trafficking steps and is strategically positioned to mediate cell adaptation to diverse environmental conditions, including acute stress. We have identified the TRAPP complex as a component of a branch of the integrated stress response that impinges on the early secretory pathway. The TRAPP complex associates with and drives the recruitment of the COPII coat to stress granules (SGs) leading to vesiculation of the Golgi complex and arrest of ER export. The relocation of the TRAPP complex and COPII to SGs only occurs in cycling cells and is CDK1/2-dependent, being driven by the interaction of TRAPP with hnRNPK, a CDK substrate that associates with SGs when phosphorylated. In addition, CDK1/2 inhibition impairs TRAPP complex/COPII relocation to SGs while stabilizing them at ER exit sites. Importantly, the TRAPP complex controls the maturation of SGs. SGs that assemble in TRAPP-depleted cells are smaller and are no longer able to recruit RACK1 and Raptor, two TRAPP-interactive signaling proteins, sensitizing cells to stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zappa
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoli (Naples)Italy
| | - Cathal Wilson
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoli (Naples)Italy
| | | | - Michele Santoro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoli (Naples)Italy
| | | | | | - Davide D'Amico
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoli (Naples)Italy
| | | | | | - Alessia Romano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoli (Naples)Italy
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Bristol RenalBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Elena Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoli (Naples)Italy
| | - Mario Failli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoli (Naples)Italy
| | - Laura Giaquinto
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoli (Naples)Italy
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15
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Mironov AA, Beznoussenko GV. Models of Intracellular Transport: Pros and Cons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:146. [PMID: 31440506 PMCID: PMC6693330 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular transport is one of the most confusing issues in the field of cell biology. Many different models and their combinations have been proposed to explain the experimental data on intracellular transport. Here, we analyse the data related to the mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi and intra-Golgi transport from the point of view of the main models of intracellular transport; namely: the vesicular model, the diffusion model, the compartment maturation–progression model, and the kiss-and-run model. This review initially describes our current understanding of Golgi function, while highlighting the recent progress that has been made. It then continues to discuss the outstanding questions and potential avenues for future research with regard to the models of these transport steps. To compare the power of these models, we have applied the method proposed by K. Popper; namely, the formulation of prohibitive observations according to, and the consecutive evaluation of, previous data, on the basis on the new models. The levels to which the different models can explain the experimental observations are different, and to date, the most powerful has been the kiss-and-run model, whereas the least powerful has been the diffusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Mironov
- Department of Cell Biology, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
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16
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Kurokawa K, Osakada H, Kojidani T, Waga M, Suda Y, Asakawa H, Haraguchi T, Nakano A. Visualization of secretory cargo transport within the Golgi apparatus. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1602-1618. [PMID: 30858192 PMCID: PMC6504898 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Kurokawa et al. visualize the transport of secretory cargo in the Golgi apparatus in living yeast cells. Cargo stays in the cisterna, whose property changes from cis to trans and further to the trans-Golgi network, but shows a dynamic behavior between the early and the late zones within the maturing cisterna. To describe trafficking of secretory cargo within the Golgi apparatus, the cisternal maturation model predicts that Golgi cisternae change their properties from cis to trans while cargo remains in the cisternae. Cisternal change has been demonstrated in living yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; however, the behavior of cargo has yet to be examined directly. In this study, we conducted simultaneous three-color and four-dimensional visualization of secretory transmembrane cargo together with early and late Golgi resident proteins. We show that cargo stays in a Golgi cisterna during maturation from cis-Golgi to trans-Golgi and further to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), which involves dynamic mixing and segregation of two zones of the earlier and later Golgi resident proteins. The location of cargo changes from the early to the late zone within the cisterna during the progression of maturation. In addition, cargo shows an interesting behavior during the maturation to the TGN. After most cargo has reached the TGN zone, a small amount of cargo frequently reappears in the earlier zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroko Osakada
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kojidani
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Waga
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suda
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Asakawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tokuko Haraguchi
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
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17
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Casler JC, Papanikou E, Barrero JJ, Glick BS. Maturation-driven transport and AP-1-dependent recycling of a secretory cargo in the Golgi. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1582-1601. [PMID: 30858194 PMCID: PMC6504904 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi cisternal maturation model predicts that secretory cargo proteins should be continuously present within the cisternae while resident Golgi proteins come and go. Casler et al. verify this prediction by tracking the passage of a fluorescent secretory cargo through the yeast Golgi. Golgi cisternal maturation has been visualized by fluorescence imaging of individual cisternae in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but those experiments did not track passage of a secretory cargo. The expectation is that a secretory cargo will be continuously present within maturing cisternae as resident Golgi proteins arrive and depart. We tested this idea using a regulatable fluorescent secretory cargo that forms ER-localized aggregates, which dissociate into tetramers upon addition of a ligand. The solubilized tetramers rapidly exit the ER and then transit through early and late Golgi compartments before being secreted. Early Golgi cisternae form near the ER and become loaded with the secretory cargo. As predicted, cisternae contain the secretory cargo throughout the maturation process. An unexpected finding is that a burst of intra-Golgi recycling delivers additional secretory cargo molecules to cisternae during the early-to-late Golgi transition. This recycling requires the AP-1 adaptor, suggesting that AP-1 can recycle secretory cargo proteins as well as resident Golgi proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Casler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Effrosyni Papanikou
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Juan J Barrero
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Benjamin S Glick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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18
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Mironov AA, Dimov ID, Beznoussenko GV. Role of Intracellular Transport in the Centriole-Dependent Formation of Golgi Ribbon. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 67:49-79. [PMID: 31435792 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23173-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular transport is the most confusing issue in the field of cell biology. The Golgi complex (GC) is the central station along the secretory pathway. It contains Golgi glycosylation enzymes, which are responsible for protein and lipid glycosylation, and in many cells, it is organized into a ribbon. Position and structure of the GC depend on the position and function of the centriole. Here, we analyze published data related to the role of centriole and intracellular transport (ICT) for the formation of Golgi ribbon and specifically stress the importance of the delivery of membranes containing cargo and membrane proteins to the cell centre where centriole/centrosome is localized. Additionally, we re-examined the formation of Golgi ribbon from the point of view of different models of ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan D Dimov
- Department of Anatomy, Saint Petersburg State Paediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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19
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Tie HC, Ludwig A, Sandin S, Lu L. The spatial separation of processing and transport functions to the interior and periphery of the Golgi stack. eLife 2018; 7:41301. [PMID: 30499774 PMCID: PMC6294550 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how the two principal functions of the Golgi complex, processing and transport, are spatially organized. Studying such spatial organization by optical imaging is challenging, partially due to the dense packing of stochastically oriented Golgi stacks. Using super-resolution microscopy and markers such as Giantin, we developed a method to identify en face and side views of individual nocodazole-induced Golgi mini-stacks. Our imaging uncovered that Golgi enzymes preferentially localize to the cisternal interior, appearing as a central disk or inner-ring, whereas components of the trafficking machinery reside at the periphery of the stack, including the cisternal rim. Interestingly, conventional secretory cargos appeared at the cisternal interior during their intra-Golgi trafficking and transiently localized to the cisternal rim before exiting the Golgi. In contrast, bulky cargos were found only at the rim. Our study therefore directly demonstrates the spatial separation of processing and transport functions within the Golgi complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieng Chiong Tie
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexander Ludwig
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sara Sandin
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Schaefer N, Roemer V, Janzen D, Villmann C. Impaired Glycine Receptor Trafficking in Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:291. [PMID: 30186111 PMCID: PMC6110938 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionotropic glycine receptors (GlyRs) enable fast synaptic neurotransmission in the adult spinal cord and brainstem. The inhibitory GlyR is a transmembrane glycine-gated chloride channel. The immature GlyR protein undergoes various processing steps, e.g., folding, assembly, and maturation while traveling from the endoplasmic reticulum to and through the Golgi apparatus, where post-translational modifications, e.g., glycosylation occur. The mature receptors are forward transported via microtubules to the cellular surface and inserted into neuronal membranes followed by synaptic clustering. The normal life cycle of a receptor protein includes further processes like internalization, recycling, and degradation. Defects in GlyR life cycle, e.g., impaired protein maturation and degradation have been demonstrated to underlie pathological mechanisms of various neurological diseases. The neurological disorder startle disease is caused by glycinergic dysfunction mainly due to missense mutations in genes encoding GlyR subunits (GLRA1 and GLRB). In vitro studies have shown that most recessive forms of startle disease are associated with impaired receptor biogenesis. Another neurological disease with a phenotype similar to startle disease is a special form of stiff-person syndrome (SPS), which is most probably due to the development of GlyR autoantibodies. Binding of GlyR autoantibodies leads to enhanced receptor internalization. Here we focus on the normal life cycle of GlyRs concentrating on assembly and maturation, receptor trafficking, post-synaptic integration and clustering, and GlyR internalization/recycling/degradation. Furthermore, this review highlights findings on impairment of these processes under disease conditions such as disturbed neuronal ER-Golgi trafficking as the major pathomechanism for recessive forms of human startle disease. In SPS, enhanced receptor internalization upon autoantibody binding to the GlyR has been shown to underlie the human pathology. In addition, we discuss how the existing mouse models of startle disease increased our current knowledge of GlyR trafficking routes and function. This review further illuminates receptor trafficking of GlyR variants originally identified in startle disease patients and explains changes in the life cycle of GlyRs in patients with SPS with respect to structural and functional consequences at the receptor level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Schaefer
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vera Roemer
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Janzen
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Villmann
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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21
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Kawaguchi K, Endo A, Fukushima T, Madoka Y, Tanaka T, Komada M. Ubiquitin-specific protease 8 deubiquitinates Sec31A and decreases large COPII carriers and collagen IV secretion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:635-641. [PMID: 29604273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nascent cargo proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum are transported to the Golgi by COPII carriers. Typical COPII vesicles are 60-70 nm in diameter, and much larger macromolecules, such as procollagen, are transported by atypical large COPII carriers in mammalian cells. The formation of large COPII carriers is enhanced by Cul3 ubiquitin ligase, which mono-ubiquitinates Sec31A, a COPII coat protein. However, the deubiquitinating enzyme for Sec31A was unclear. Here, we show that the deubiquitinating enzyme USP8 interacts with and deubiquitinates Sec31A. The interaction was mediated by the adaptor protein STAM1. USP8 overexpression inhibited the formation of large COPII carriers. By contrast, USP8 knockdown caused the accumulation of COPII coat proteins around the cis-Golgi, promoted the intracellular trafficking of procollagen IV from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, and increased collagen IV secretion. We concluded that USP8 deubiquitinates Sec31A and inhibits the formation of large COPII carriers, thereby suppressing collagen IV secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kawaguchi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Akinori Endo
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Fukushima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan; Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuka Madoka
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komada
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan; Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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22
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Vagne Q, Sens P. Stochastic Model of Maturation and Vesicular Exchange in Cellular Organelles. Biophys J 2018; 114:947-957. [PMID: 29490254 PMCID: PMC5984994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamical organization of membrane-bound organelles along intracellular transport pathways relies on vesicular exchange between organelles and on the maturation of the organelle's composition by enzymatic reactions or exchange with the cytoplasm. The relative importance of each mechanism in controlling organelle dynamics remains controversial, in particular for transport through the Golgi apparatus. Using a stochastic model, we identify two classes of dynamical behavior that can lead to full maturation of membrane-bound compartments. In the first class, maturation corresponds to the stochastic escape from a steady state in which export is dominated by vesicular exchange, and is very unlikely for large compartments. In the second class, it occurs in a quasi-deterministic fashion and is almost size independent. Whether a system belongs to the first or second class is largely controlled by homotypic fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Vagne
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 168, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Sens
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 168, Paris, France.
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23
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Boncompain G, Weigel AV. Transport and sorting in the Golgi complex: multiple mechanisms sort diverse cargo. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 50:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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24
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PERK-mediated translational control is required for collagen secretion in chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:773. [PMID: 29335505 PMCID: PMC5768675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As chondrocytes are highly secretory and they experience a variety of stresses, physiological unfolded protein response (UPR) signalling is essential for extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and chondrogenesis. In the three branches of the UPR pathway, PERK governs the translational attenuation and transcriptional upregulation of amino acid and redox metabolism and induction of apoptosis. It was previously demonstrated that a defect of the PERK branch of the UPR signalling pathway causes the accumulation of unfolded proteins, leading to cell death without perturbing endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport in pancreatic β cells. However, little is known about the role of PERK in chondrocytes. In this study, we found that PERK signalling is activated in chondrocytes, and inhibition of PERK reduces collagen secretion despite causing excessive collagen synthesis in the ER. Perk−/− mice displayed reduced collagen in articular cartilage but no differences in chondrocyte proliferation or apoptosis compared to the findings in wild-type mice. PERK inhibition increases misfolded protein levels in the ER, which largely hinder ER-to-Golgi transport. These results suggest that the translational control mediated by PERK is a critical determinant of ECM secretion in chondrocytes.
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25
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Ruggiero C, Grossi M, Fragassi G, Di Campli A, Di Ilio C, Luini A, Sallese M. The KDEL receptor signalling cascade targets focal adhesion kinase on focal adhesions and invadopodia. Oncotarget 2017. [PMID: 29535802 PMCID: PMC5828207 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking via the Golgi-localised KDEL receptor activates signalling cascades that coordinate both trafficking and other cellular functions, including autophagy and extracellular matrix degradation. In this study, we provide evidence that membrane trafficking activates KDEL receptor and the Src family kinases at focal adhesions of HeLa cells, where this phosphorylates ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain (ASAP)1 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Previous studies have reported extracellular matrix degradation at focal adhesions. Here, matrix degradation was not seen at focal adhesions, although it occurred at invadopodia, where it was increased by KDEL receptor activation. This activation of KDEL receptor at invadopodia of A375 cells promoted recruitment and phosphorylation of FAK on tyrosines 397 and 861. From the functional standpoint, FAK overexpression inhibited steady-state and KDEL-receptor-stimulated extracellular matrix degradation, whereas overexpression of the FAK-Y397F mutant only inhibited KDEL-receptor-stimulated matrix degradation. Finally, we show that the Src and FAK activated downstream of KDEL receptor are part of parallel signalling pathways. In conclusion, membrane-traffic-generated signalling via KDEL receptor activates Src not only at the Golgi complex, but also at focal adhesions. By acting on Src and FAK, KDEL receptor increases invadopodia-mediated matrix degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ruggiero
- CNRS, NEOGENEX CNRS International Associated Laboratory, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Mauro Grossi
- CNRS, NEOGENEX CNRS International Associated Laboratory, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Giorgia Fragassi
- Department of Medicine and Agency Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Regional Health Care Agency of Abruzzo, Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Di Ilio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Centre for Research on Ageing and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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26
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Land-locked mammalian Golgi reveals cargo transport between stable cisternae. Nat Commun 2017; 8:432. [PMID: 28874656 PMCID: PMC5585379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi is composed of a stack of cis, medial, trans cisternae that are biochemically distinct. The stable compartments model postulates that permanent cisternae communicate through bi-directional vesicles, while the cisternal maturation model postulates that transient cisternae biochemically mature to ensure anterograde transport. Testing either model has been constrained by the diffraction limit of light microscopy, as the cisternae are only 10-20 nm thick and closely stacked in mammalian cells. We previously described the unstacking of Golgi by the ectopic adhesion of Golgi cisternae to mitochondria. Here, we show that cargo processing and transport continue-even when individual Golgi cisternae are separated and "land-locked" between mitochondria. With the increased spatial separation of cisternae, we show using three-dimensional live imaging that cis-Golgi and trans-Golgi remain stable in their composition and size. Hence, we provide new evidence in support of the stable compartments model in mammalian cells.The different composition of Golgi cisternae gave rise to two different models for intra-Golgi traffic: one where stable cisternae communicate via vesicles and another one where cisternae biochemically mature to ensure anterograde transport. Here, the authors provide evidence in support of the stable compartments model.
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27
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Bhide GP, Colley KJ. Sialylation of N-glycans: mechanism, cellular compartmentalization and function. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 147:149-174. [PMID: 27975143 PMCID: PMC7088086 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated N-glycans play essential roles in the immune system, pathogen recognition and cancer. This review approaches the sialylation of N-glycans from three perspectives. The first section focuses on the sialyltransferases that add sialic acid to N-glycans. Included in the discussion is a description of these enzymes' glycan acceptors, conserved domain organization and sequences, molecular structure and catalytic mechanism. In addition, we discuss the protein interactions underlying the polysialylation of a select group of adhesion and signaling molecules. In the second section, the biosynthesis of sialic acid, CMP-sialic acid and sialylated N-glycans is discussed, with a special emphasis on the compartmentalization of these processes in the mammalian cell. The sequences and mechanisms maintaining the sialyltransferases and other glycosylation enzymes in the Golgi are also reviewed. In the final section, we have chosen to discuss processes in which sialylated glycans, both N- and O-linked, play a role. The first part of this section focuses on sialic acid-binding proteins including viral hemagglutinins, Siglecs and selectins. In the second half of this section, we comment on the role of sialylated N-glycans in cancer, including the roles of β1-integrin and Fas receptor N-glycan sialylation in cancer cell survival and drug resistance, and the role of these sialylated proteins and polysialic acid in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurang P Bhide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, MC669, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Karen J Colley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, MC669, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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28
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Abstract
The delivery of proteins to the apoplast or protein secretion is an essential process in plant cells. Proteins are secreted to perform various biological functions such as cell wall modification and defense response. Conserved from yeast to mammals, both conventional and unconventional protein secretion pathways have been demonstrated in plants. In the conventional protein secretion pathway, secretory proteins with an N-terminal signal peptide are transported to the extracellular region via the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus and the subsequent endomembrane system. By contrast, multiple unconventional protein secretion pathways are proposed to mediate the secretion of the leaderless secretory proteins. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and provide a comprehensive overview of protein secretion pathways in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Pan Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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Lipid transfer proteins and the tuning of compartmental identity in the Golgi apparatus. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 200:42-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Banushi B, Forneris F, Straatman-Iwanowska A, Strange A, Lyne AM, Rogerson C, Burden JJ, Heywood WE, Hanley J, Doykov I, Straatman KR, Smith H, Bem D, Kriston-Vizi J, Ariceta G, Risteli M, Wang C, Ardill RE, Zaniew M, Latka-Grot J, Waddington SN, Howe SJ, Ferraro F, Gjinovci A, Lawrence S, Marsh M, Girolami M, Bozec L, Mills K, Gissen P. Regulation of post-Golgi LH3 trafficking is essential for collagen homeostasis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12111. [PMID: 27435297 PMCID: PMC4961739 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications are necessary for collagen precursor molecules (procollagens) to acquire final shape and function. However, the mechanism and contribution of collagen modifications that occur outside the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi are not understood. We discovered that VIPAR, with its partner proteins, regulate sorting of lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3, also known as PLOD3) into newly identified post-Golgi collagen IV carriers and that VIPAR-dependent sorting is essential for modification of lysines in multiple collagen types. Identification of structural and functional collagen abnormalities in cells and tissues from patients and murine models of the autosomal recessive multisystem disorder Arthrogryposis, Renal dysfunction and Cholestasis syndrome caused by VIPAR and VPS33B deficiencies confirmed our findings. Thus, regulation of post-Golgi LH3 trafficking is essential for collagen homeostasis and for the development and function of multiple organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerida Banushi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Federico Forneris
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9/A – 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Division of Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Adam Strange
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Lyne
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Clare Rogerson
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jemima J. Burden
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wendy E. Heywood
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Joanna Hanley
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ivan Doykov
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Kornelis R. Straatman
- Centre for Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Holly Smith
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Danai Bem
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Janos Kriston-Vizi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gema Ariceta
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, 119-129-08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maija Risteli
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7B, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu 90029, Finland
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu 90029, Finland
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | | | | | - Julita Latka-Grot
- Children's Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, 20 Dzieci Polskich Avenue, Poland
| | - Simon N. Waddington
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - S. J. Howe
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Francesco Ferraro
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Asllan Gjinovci
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Scott Lawrence
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mark Marsh
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mark Girolami
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
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Pagliuso A, Valente C, Giordano LL, Filograna A, Li G, Circolo D, Turacchio G, Marzullo VM, Mandrich L, Zhukovsky MA, Formiggini F, Polishchuk RS, Corda D, Luini A. Golgi membrane fission requires the CtBP1-S/BARS-induced activation of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase δ. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12148. [PMID: 27401954 PMCID: PMC4945875 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fission is an essential cellular process by which continuous membranes split into separate parts. We have previously identified CtBP1-S/BARS (BARS) as a key component of a protein complex that is required for fission of several endomembranes, including basolateral post-Golgi transport carriers. Assembly of this complex occurs at the Golgi apparatus, where BARS binds to the phosphoinositide kinase PI4KIIIβ through a 14-3-3γ dimer, as well as to ARF and the PKD and PAK kinases. We now report that, when incorporated into this complex, BARS binds to and activates a trans-Golgi lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) acyltransferase type δ (LPAATδ) that converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (PA); and that this reaction is essential for fission of the carriers. LPA and PA have unique biophysical properties, and their interconversion might facilitate the fission process either directly or indirectly (via recruitment of proteins that bind to PA, including BARS itself).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pagliuso
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Carmen Valente
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Laura Giordano
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Filograna
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Guiling Li
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Circolo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Turacchio
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Manuel Marzullo
- IRCCS SDN Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Mandrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mikhail A. Zhukovsky
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Formiggini
- Italian Institute of Technology, Centre for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care at CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Roman S. Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- IRCCS SDN Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
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32
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Nanoscale imaging of untreated mammalian cells in a medium with low radiation damage using scanning electron-assisted dielectric microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29169. [PMID: 27375121 PMCID: PMC4931576 DOI: 10.1038/srep29169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging of untreated living cells in a medium at a nanometre-scale resolution under physiological conditions is a significant challenge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is widely used to observe cells in various atmospheric holders or special equipment. However, untreated biological specimens in aqueous solution generally incur heavy radiation damage from the direct electron beam (EB); and these images exhibit very poor contrast. Therefore, a new method for generating high-contrast images of living cells under physiological conditions without radiation damage has been strongly desired. Here, we demonstrate the first nanoscale observation of living cultured mammalian cells using our newly developed scanning-electron assisted dielectric microscopy (SE-ADM) method with a culture dish holder. Using the difference in relative permittivity between water and specimens, our SE-ADM system aids in the visualisation of untreated biological samples in aqueous solution. In addition, specimens incurred only a low level of radiation damage because the tungsten (W)-coated silicon nitride (SiN) film absorbs irradiated electrons. Untreated cells and organelles are clearly visible in high-contrast and high-resolution images without staining and fixation. Furthermore, our method enables the detection of changes in organelle structures within cells via time-lapse imaging with minimal radiation damage.
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Cox JV, Kansal R, Whitt MA. Rab43 regulates the sorting of a subset of membrane protein cargo through the medial Golgi. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1834-44. [PMID: 27053659 PMCID: PMC4884073 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-03-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the role of cytoplasmic domains of membrane-spanning proteins in directing trafficking through the secretory pathway, we generated fluorescently tagged VSV G tsO45 with either the native G tail (G) or a cytoplasmic tail derived from the chicken AE1-4 anion exchanger (G(AE)). We previously showed that these two proteins progressed through the Golgi with distinct kinetics. To investigate the basis for the differential sorting of G and G(AE), we analyzed the role of several Golgi-associated small GTP-binding proteins and found that Rab43 differentially regulated their transport through the Golgi. We show that the expression of GFP-Rab43 arrested the anterograde transport of G(AE) in a Rab43-positive medial Golgi compartment. GFP-Rab43 expression also inhibited the acquisition of endoH-resistant sugars and the surface delivery of G(AE), as well as the surface delivery of the AE1-4 anion exchanger. In contrast, GFP-Rab43 expression did not affect the glycosylation or surface delivery of G. Unexpectedly, down-regulation of endogenous Rab43 using small interfering RNA resulted in an increase in the accumulation of G(AE) on the cell surface while having minimal effect on the surface levels of G. Our data demonstrate that Rab43 regulates the sorting of a subset of membrane-spanning cargo as they progress through the medial Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Cox
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Rita Kansal
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Michael A Whitt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
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34
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Abstract
We acquired molecular-resolution structures of the Golgi within its native cellular environment. Vitreous Chlamydomonas cells were thinned by cryo-focused ion beam milling and then visualized by cryo-electron tomography. These tomograms revealed structures within the Golgi cisternae that have not been seen before. Narrow trans-Golgi lumina were spanned by asymmetric membrane-associated protein arrays that had ∼6-nm lateral periodicity. Subtomogram averaging showed that the arrays may determine the narrow central spacing of the trans-Golgi cisternae through zipper-like interactions, thereby forcing cargo to the trans-Golgi periphery. Additionally, we observed dense granular aggregates within cisternae and intracisternal filament bundles associated with trans-Golgi buds. These native in situ structures provide new molecular insights into Golgi architecture and function.
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35
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Koho T, Ihalainen TO, Stark M, Uusi-Kerttula H, Wieneke R, Rahikainen R, Blazevic V, Marjomäki V, Tampé R, Kulomaa MS, Hytönen VP. His-tagged norovirus-like particles: A versatile platform for cellular delivery and surface display. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 96:22-31. [PMID: 26170162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In addition to vaccines, noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs) that mimic the viral capsid show an attractive possibility of presenting immunogenic epitopes or targeting molecules on their surface. Here, functionalization of norovirus-derived VLPs by simple non-covalent conjugation of various molecules is shown. By using the affinity between a surface-exposed polyhistidine-tag and multivalent tris-nitrilotriacetic acid (trisNTA), fluorescent dye molecules and streptavidin-biotin conjugated to trisNTA are displayed on the VLPs to demonstrate the use of these VLPs as easily modifiable nanocarriers as well as a versatile vaccine platform. The VLPs are able to enter and deliver surface-displayed fluorescent dye into HEK293T cells via a surface-attached cell internalization peptide (VSV-G). The ease of manufacturing, the robust structure of these VLPs, and the straightforward conjugation provide a technology, which can be adapted to various applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Koho
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Marie Stark
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science/Nanoscience Center, Survontie 9, FI-40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hanni Uusi-Kerttula
- Vaccine Research Center, Medical School, University of Tampere, Biokatu 10, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ralph Wieneke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rolle Rahikainen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesna Blazevic
- Vaccine Research Center, Medical School, University of Tampere, Biokatu 10, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science/Nanoscience Center, Survontie 9, FI-40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markku S Kulomaa
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.
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36
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Beznoussenko GV, Pilyugin SS, Geerts WJC, Kozlov MM, Burger KNJ, Luini A, Derganc J, Mironov AA. Trans-membrane area asymmetry controls the shape of cellular organelles. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5299-333. [PMID: 25761238 PMCID: PMC4394477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane organelles often have complicated shapes and differ in their volume, surface area and membrane curvature. The ratio between the surface area of the cytosolic and luminal leaflets (trans-membrane area asymmetry (TAA)) determines the membrane curvature within different sites of the organelle. Thus, the shape of the organelle could be critically dependent on TAA. Here, using mathematical modeling and stereological measurements of TAA during fast transformation of organelle shapes, we present evidence that suggests that when organelle volume and surface area are constant, TAA can regulate transformation of the shape of the Golgi apparatus, endosomal multivesicular bodies, and microvilli of brush borders of kidney epithelial cells. Extraction of membrane curvature by small spheres, such as COPI-dependent vesicles within the Golgi (extraction of positive curvature), or by intraluminal vesicles within endosomes (extraction of negative curvature) controls the shape of these organelles. For instance, Golgi tubulation is critically dependent on the fusion of COPI vesicles with Golgi cisternae, and vice versa, for the extraction of membrane curvature into 50–60 nm vesicles, to induce transformation of Golgi tubules into cisternae. Also, formation of intraluminal ultra-small vesicles after fusion of endosomes allows equilibration of their TAA, volume and surface area. Finally, when microvilli of the brush border are broken into vesicles and microvilli fragments, TAA of these membranes remains the same as TAA of the microvilli. Thus, TAA has a significant role in transformation of organelle shape when other factors remain constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V Beznoussenko
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy.
- Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro, Chieti 66030, Italy.
| | - Sergei S Pilyugin
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8105, USA.
| | - Willie J C Geerts
- Department of Biochemical Physiology, Institute of Biomembranes, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael M Kozlov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Koert N J Burger
- Department of Biochemical Physiology, Institute of Biomembranes, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Alberto Luini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Jure Derganc
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Alexander A Mironov
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy.
- Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro, Chieti 66030, Italy.
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37
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Whitt MA, Cox ME, Kansal R, Cox JV. Kinetically Distinct Sorting Pathways through the Golgi Exhibit Different Requirements for Arf1. Traffic 2015; 16:267-83. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Whitt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN 38163 USA
| | - Michelle E. Cox
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN 38163 USA
| | - Rita Kansal
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN 38163 USA
| | - John V. Cox
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN 38163 USA
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38
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Ito Y, Uemura T, Nakano A. Formation and maintenance of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 310:221-87. [PMID: 24725428 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800180-6.00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays essential roles in intracellular trafficking, protein and lipid modification, and polysaccharide synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It is well known for its unique stacked structure, which is conserved among most eukaryotes. However, the mechanisms of biogenesis and maintenance of the structure, which are deeply related to ER-Golgi and intra-Golgi transport systems, have long been mysterious. Now having extremely powerful microscopic technologies developed for live-cell imaging, the plant Golgi apparatus provides an ideal system to resolve the question. The plant Golgi apparatus has unique features that are not conserved in other kingdoms, which will also give new insights into the Golgi functions in plant life. In this review, we will summarize the features of the plant Golgi apparatus and transport mechanisms around it, with a focus on recent advances in Golgi biogenesis by live imaging of plants cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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39
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Fox RM, Andrew DJ. Transcriptional regulation of secretory capacity by bZip transcription factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:28-51. [PMID: 25821458 PMCID: PMC4374484 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-014-1338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cells of specialized secretory organs expand their secretory pathways to accommodate the increased protein load necessary for their function. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus and the secretory vesicles, expand not only the membrane components but also the protein machinery required for increased protein production and transport. Increased protein load causes an ER stress response akin to the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). Recent work has implicated several bZip transcription factors in the regulation of protein components of the early secretory pathway necessary to alleviate this stress. Here, we highlight eight bZip transcription factors in regulating secretory pathway component genes. These include components of the three canonical branches of the UPR-ATF4, XBP1, and ATF6, as well as the five members of the Creb3 family of transcription factors.We review findings from both invertebrate and vertebrate model systems suggesting that all of these proteins increase secretory capacity in response to increased protein load. Finally, we propose that the Creb3 family of factors may have a dual role in secretory cell differentiation by also regulating the pathways necessary for cell cycle exit during terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Fox
- The Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Deborah J Andrew
- The Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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40
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Luini A. A brief history of the cisternal progression-maturation model. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2014; 1:6-11. [PMID: 21686099 DOI: 10.4161/cl.1.1.14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Luini
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine; Napoli, Italy
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41
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Cancino J, Capalbo A, Di Campli A, Giannotta M, Rizzo R, Jung JE, Di Martino R, Persico M, Heinklein P, Sallese M, Luini A. Control systems of membrane transport at the interface between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. Dev Cell 2014; 30:280-94. [PMID: 25117681 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental property of cellular processes is to maintain homeostasis despite varying internal and external conditions. Within the membrane transport apparatus, variations in membrane fluxes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex are balanced by opposite fluxes from the Golgi to the ER to maintain homeostasis between the two organelles. Here we describe a molecular device that balances transport fluxes by integrating transduction cascades with the transport machinery. Specifically, ER-to-Golgi transport activates the KDEL receptor at the Golgi, which triggers a cascade that involves Gs and adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase isoforms and then PKA activation and results in the phosphorylation of transport machinery proteins. This induces retrograde traffic to the ER and balances transport fluxes between the ER and Golgi. Moreover, the KDEL receptor activates CREB1 and other transcription factors that upregulate transport-related genes. Thus, a Golgi-based control system maintains transport homeostasis through both signaling and transcriptional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cancino
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
| | - Anita Capalbo
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Campli
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Monica Giannotta
- Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Juan E Jung
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare (SDN), 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosaria Di Martino
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Persico
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare (SDN), 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Petra Heinklein
- Institut für Biochemie Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CrossOver Charitéplatz 1/Sitz, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michele Sallese
- Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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Luini A, Mavelli G, Jung J, Cancino J. Control systems and coordination protocols of the secretory pathway. F1000PRIME REPORTS 2014; 6:88. [PMID: 25374666 PMCID: PMC4191269 DOI: 10.12703/p6-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Like other cellular modules, the secretory pathway and the Golgi complex are likely to be supervised by control systems that support homeostasis and optimal functionality under all conditions, including external and internal perturbations. Moreover, the secretory apparatus must be functionally connected with other cellular modules, such as energy metabolism and protein degradation, via specific rules of interaction, or “coordination protocols”. These regulatory devices are of fundamental importance for optimal function; however, they are generally “hidden” at steady state. The molecular components and the architecture of the control systems and coordination protocols of the secretory pathway are beginning to emerge through studies based on the use of controlled transport-specific perturbations aimed specifically at the detection and analysis of these internal regulatory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Luini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine (IBP)Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 NapoliItaly
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 NapoliItaly
| | - Gabriella Mavelli
- Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica Antonio Ruberti, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheViale Manzoni 30, 00185 RomaItaly
| | - Juan Jung
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-SDN80143 NapoliItaly
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine (IBP)Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 NapoliItaly
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés BelloQuillota 980, 2520000 Viña del MarChile
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Tiwari PM, Eroglu E, Bawage SS, Vig K, Miller ME, Pillai S, Dennis VA, Singh SR. Enhanced intracellular translocation and biodistribution of gold nanoparticles functionalized with a cell-penetrating peptide (VG-21) from vesicular stomatitis virus. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9484-94. [PMID: 25154664 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reduced toxicity and ease of modification make gold nanoparticles (GNPs) suitable for targeted delivery, bioimaging and theranostics by conjugating cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). This study presents the biodistribution and enhanced intracellular uptake of GNPs functionalized with VG-21, a CPP derived from vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (G). Cell penetrating efficiency of VG-21 was demonstrated using CellPPD web server, conjugated to GNPs and were characterized using, UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. Uptake of VG-21 functionalized GNPs (fGNPs) was tested in eukaryotic cell lines, HEp-2, HeLa, Vero and Cos-7, using flow cytometry, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductively coupled plasmon optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The effects of nanoparticles on stress and toxicity related genes were studied in HEp-2 cells. Cytokine response to fGNPs was studied in vitro and in vivo. Biodistribution of nanoparticles was studied in BALB/c mice using TEM and ICP-OES. VG-21, GNPs and fGNPs had little to no effect on cell viability. Upon exposure to fGNPs, HEp-2 cells revealed minimal down regulation of stress response genes. fGNPs displayed higher uptake than GNPs in all cell lines with highest internalization by HEp-2, HeLa and Cos-7 cells, in endocytotic vesicles and nuclei. Cytokine ELISA showed that mouse J774 cells exposed to fGNPs produced less IL-6 than did GNP-treated macrophage cells, whereas TNF-α levels were low in both treatment groups. Biodistribution studies in BALB/c mice revealed higher accumulation of fGNPs than GNPs in the liver and spleen. Histopathological analyses showed that fGNP-treated mice accumulated 35 ng/mg tissue and 20 ng/mg tissue gold in spleen and liver respectively, without any adverse effects. Likewise, serum cytokines were low in both GNP- and fGNP-treated mice. Thus, VG-21-conjugated GNPs have enhanced cellular internalization and are suitable for various biomedical applications as nano-conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Munnilal Tiwari
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA
| | - Erdal Eroglu
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA; Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Celal Bayar University, 45140 Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Swapnil Subhash Bawage
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA
| | - Komal Vig
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA
| | - Michael E Miller
- Auburn University Research Instrumentation Facility, Harrison School of Pharmacy, 32 Rouse Life Sciences Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shreekumar Pillai
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA
| | - Vida A Dennis
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street, Montgomery, AL 36101, USA.
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44
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Lavieu G, Dunlop MH, Lerich A, Zheng H, Bottanelli F, Rothman JE. The Golgi ribbon structure facilitates anterograde transport of large cargoes. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3028-36. [PMID: 25103235 PMCID: PMC4230591 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-04-0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breaking down the ribbon of mammalian cells strongly inhibits intra-Golgi transport of large cargoes without altering the rate of transport of smaller cargoes. These results imply that the ribbon structure is an essential requirement for transport of large cargoes in mammalian cells. In mammalian cells, individual Golgi stacks fuse laterally to form the characteristic perinuclear ribbon structure. Yet the purpose of this remarkable structure has been an enigma. We report that breaking down the ribbon of mammalian cells strongly inhibits intra-Golgi transport of large cargoes without altering the rate of transport of smaller cargoes. In addition, insect cells that naturally harbor dispersed Golgi stacks have limited capacity to transport artificial oversized cargoes. These results imply that the ribbon structure is an essential requirement for transport of large cargoes in mammalian cells, and we suggest that this is because it enables the dilated rims of cisternae (containing the aggregates) to move across the stack as they transfer among adjacent stacks within the ribbon structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Lavieu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Myun Hwa Dunlop
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Alexander Lerich
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Francesca Bottanelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - James E Rothman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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45
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Fossati M, Colombo SF, Borgese N. A positive signal prevents secretory membrane cargo from recycling between the Golgi and the ER. EMBO J 2014; 33:2080-97. [PMID: 25063674 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201488367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi complex and ER are dynamically connected by anterograde and retrograde trafficking pathways. To what extent and by what mechanism outward-bound cargo proteins escape retrograde trafficking has been poorly investigated. Here, we analysed the behaviour of several membrane proteins at the ER/Golgi interface in live cells. When Golgi-to-plasma membrane transport was blocked, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG), which bears an ER export signal, accumulated in the Golgi, whereas an export signal-deleted version of VSVG attained a steady state determined by the balance of retrograde and anterograde traffic. A similar behaviour was displayed by EGF receptor and by a model tail-anchored protein, whose retrograde traffic was slowed by addition of VSVG's export signal. Retrograde trafficking was energy- and Rab6-dependent, and Rab6 inhibition accelerated signal-deleted VSVG's transport to the cell surface. Our results extend the dynamic bi-directional relationship between the Golgi and ER to include surface-directed proteins, uncover an unanticipated role for export signals at the Golgi complex, and identify recycling as a novel factor that regulates cargo transport out of the early secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fossati
- BIOMETRA Department, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara F Colombo
- BIOMETRA Department, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nica Borgese
- BIOMETRA Department, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy Department of Health Science, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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46
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Beznoussenko GV, Parashuraman S, Rizzo R, Polishchuk R, Martella O, Di Giandomenico D, Fusella A, Spaar A, Sallese M, Capestrano MG, Pavelka M, Vos MR, Rikers YGM, Helms V, Mironov AA, Luini A. Transport of soluble proteins through the Golgi occurs by diffusion via continuities across cisternae. eLife 2014; 3:e02009. [PMID: 24867214 PMCID: PMC4070021 DOI: 10.7554/elife.02009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of transport through the Golgi complex is not completely understood, insofar as no single transport mechanism appears to account for all of the observations. Here, we compare the transport of soluble secretory proteins (albumin and α1-antitrypsin) with that of supramolecular cargoes (e.g., procollagen) that are proposed to traverse the Golgi by compartment progression-maturation. We show that these soluble proteins traverse the Golgi much faster than procollagen while moving through the same stack. Moreover, we present kinetic and morphological observations that indicate that albumin transport occurs by diffusion via intercisternal continuities. These data provide evidence for a transport mechanism that applies to a major class of secretory proteins and indicate the co-existence of multiple intra-Golgi trafficking modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V Beznoussenko
- Fondazione IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM-IEO Campus), Milan, Italy
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Seetharaman Parashuraman
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR-IBP), Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR-IBP), Naples, Italy
| | - Roman Polishchuk
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
- Telethon Institute for Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Oliviano Martella
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Giandomenico
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Aurora Fusella
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Alexander Spaar
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Capestrano
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Margit Pavelka
- Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure Research, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Alexandre A Mironov
- Fondazione IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM-IEO Campus), Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR-IBP), Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute for Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
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47
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Ruggiero C, Cancino J, Giannotta M, Sallese M. Signaling initiated by the secretory compartment. Methods Enzymol 2014; 534:133-54. [PMID: 24359952 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397926-1.00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Classical signal transduction is initiated at the plasma membrane by extracellular signals and propagates to the cytosolic face of the same membrane. Multiple studies have shown that endomembranes can act as signaling platforms for this plasma-membrane-originated signaling. Recent evidence has indicated that endomembranes can also trigger their own signaling cascades that involve some of the molecular players that are classically engaged in signal transduction at the plasma membrane. Endomembrane-initiated signaling is important for synchronization of the functioning of the secretory pathway and coordination of the activities of the secretory organelles with other cellular machineries. However, these endomembrane-initiated regulatory circuits are only partially understood to date. This novel field is slowed by a lack of specific tools and the objective difficulties in the study of signal transduction of endomembrane-localized receptors, as their accessibility is limited. For example, the ligand-binding site of the KDEL receptor (that transduces endomembrane signaling) is positioned in the lumen of the Golgi complex. Here we report some approaches that are suitable for the study of endomembrane-initiated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ruggiero
- Department of Cellular and Translational Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Unit of Genomic Approaches to Membrane Traffic, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council and Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Cellular and Translational Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Unit of Genomic Approaches to Membrane Traffic, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy.
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48
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Schellenberger P, Kaufmann R, Siebert CA, Hagen C, Wodrich H, Grünewald K. High-precision correlative fluorescence and electron cryo microscopy using two independent alignment markers. Ultramicroscopy 2013; 143:41-51. [PMID: 24262358 PMCID: PMC4045203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is an emerging technique which combines functional information provided by fluorescence microscopy (FM) with the high-resolution structural information of electron microscopy (EM). So far, correlative cryo microscopy of frozen-hydrated samples has not reached better than micrometre range accuracy. Here, a method is presented that enables the correlation between fluorescently tagged proteins and electron cryo tomography (cryoET) data with nanometre range precision. Specifically, thin areas of vitrified whole cells are examined by correlative fluorescence cryo microscopy (cryoFM) and cryoET. Novel aspects of the presented cryoCLEM workflow not only include the implementation of two independent electron dense fluorescent markers to improve the precision of the alignment, but also the ability of obtaining an estimate of the correlation accuracy for each individual object of interest. The correlative workflow from plunge-freezing to cryoET is detailed step-by-step for the example of locating fluorescence-labelled adenovirus particles trafficking inside a cell. Vitrified mammalian cell were imaged by fluorescence and electron cryo microscopy. TetraSpeck fluorescence markers were added to correct shifts between cryo fluorescence channels. FluoSpheres fiducials were used as reference points to assign new coordinates to cryoEM images. Adenovirus particles were localised with an average correlation precision of 63 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Schellenberger
- Oxford Particle Imaging Centre, Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Rainer Kaufmann
- Oxford Particle Imaging Centre, Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - C Alistair Siebert
- Oxford Particle Imaging Centre, Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Christoph Hagen
- Oxford Particle Imaging Centre, Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Harald Wodrich
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, MFP CNRS UMR 5234, University of Bordeaux SEGALEN, 146 rue Leo Seignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kay Grünewald
- Oxford Particle Imaging Centre, Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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49
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Pellett PA, Dietrich F, Bewersdorf J, Rothman JE, Lavieu G. Inter-Golgi transport mediated by COPI-containing vesicles carrying small cargoes. eLife 2013; 2:e01296. [PMID: 24137546 PMCID: PMC3787390 DOI: 10.7554/elife.01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A core prediction of the vesicular transport model is that COPI vesicles are responsible for trafficking anterograde cargoes forward. In this study, we test this prediction by examining the properties and requirements of inter-Golgi transport within fused cells, which requires mobile carriers in order for exchange of constituents to occur. We report that both small soluble and membrane-bound secretory cargo and exogenous Golgi resident glycosyl-transferases are exchanged between separated Golgi. Large soluble aggregates, which traverse individual stacks, do not transfer between Golgi, implying that small cargoes (which can fit in a typical transport vesicle) are transported by a different mechanism. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that the carriers of both anterograde and retrograde cargoes are the size of COPI vesicles, contain coatomer, and functionally require ARF1 and coatomer for transport. The data suggest that COPI vesicles traffic both small secretory cargo and steady-state Golgi resident enzymes among stacked cisternae that are stationary. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01296.001 All eukaryotic cells contain an organelle called the Golgi apparatus, which consists of a series of four to six flattened structures called cisternae. Proteins that are intended for secretion from the cell, or proteins that go on to become part of the cell membrane, must pass through the Golgi, where they undergo modifications that ensure they are targeted to the correct place. There are two main models for how proteins are transported from the entry side of the Golgi, known as the cis face, to the exit side (trans face), through a process known as anterograde transport. One possibility is that the cargo protein matures within a single cisterna, which gradually moves from the cis to the trans face without the protein ever leaving it. Alternatively, the cisternae may remain fixed in position, while individual proteins are carried between them by specialized transport vesicles called COPI vesicles. Now, Pellett et al. have used modern molecular biology techniques to revisit this question, more than 25 years after members of the same group first obtained evidence suggesting the involvement of COPI vesicles. To do this, they labelled the proteins that reside within the Golgi of one cell green, and those within the Golgi of another cell, red. They then fused the two cells together, and traced the movement of labelled proteins between the two organelles. Proteins that are known to undergo anterograde transport were also transported between the two Golgi, whereas large protein aggregates were not. Super-resolution microscopy revealed that the transported proteins were carried in vesicles the size of COPI vesicles and surrounded by a coat protein that resembles COPI. Moreover, transport involved the adaptor protein ARF, which helps to load cargo into COPI vesicles. By providing evidence that Golgi resident proteins and proteins that normally undergo anterograde transport can be carried by COPI vesicles between two physically separate Golgi, Pellett et al. increase the weight of evidence that COPI vesicles may also be responsible for both retrograde and anterograde transport within the Golgi itself. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01296.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrina A Pellett
- Department of Cell Biology , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , United States ; Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , United States
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50
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Mironov AA, Sesorova IV, Beznoussenko GV. Golgi's way: a long path toward the new paradigm of the intra-Golgi transport. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:383-93. [PMID: 24068461 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transport of proteins and lipids is one of the main cellular functions. The vesicular model, compartment (or cisterna) maturation model, and the diffusion model compete with each other for the right to be the paradigm within the field of the intra-Golgi transport. These models have significant difficulties explaining the existing experimental data. Recently, we proposed the kiss-and-run (KAR) model of intra-Golgi transport (Mironov and Beznoussenko in Int J Mol Sci 13(6):6800-6819, 2012), which can be symmetric, when fusion and fission occur in the same location, and asymmetric, when fusion and fission take place at different sites. Here, we compare the ability of main models of the intra-Golgi transport to explain the existing results examining the evidence in favor and against each model. We propose that the KAR model has the highest potential for the explanation of the majority of experimental observations existing within the field of intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Mironov
- Istituto di Oncologia Molecolare di Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 20139, Milan, Italy,
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