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Afshar-Sterle S, Carli ALE, O'Keefe R, Tse J, Fischer S, Azimpour AI, Baloyan D, Elias L, Thilakasiri P, Patel O, Ferguson FM, Eissmann MF, Chand AL, Gray NS, Busuttil R, Boussioutas A, Lucet IS, Ernst M, Buchert M. DCLK1 induces a pro-tumorigenic phenotype to drive gastric cancer progression. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eabq4888. [PMID: 39288218 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abq4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a proposed driver of gastric cancer (GC) that phosphorylates serine and threonine residues. Here, we showed that the kinase activity of DCLK1 orchestrated cancer cell-intrinsic and-extrinsic processes that led to pro-invasive and pro-metastatic reprogramming of GC cells. Inhibition of the kinase activity of DCLK1 reduced the growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumors formed from MKN1 human gastric carcinoma cells in mice and decreased the abundance of the stromal markers α-Sma, vimentin, and collagen. Similar effects were seen in mice with xenograft tumors formed from MKN1 cells expressing a kinase-inactive DCLK1 mutant (MKN1D511N). MKN1D511N cells also had reduced in vitro migratory potential and stemness compared with control cells. Mice orthotopically grafted with MKN1 cells overexpressing DCLK1 (MKN1DCLK1) showed increased invasiveness and had a greater incidence of lung metastases compared with those grafted with control MKN1 cells. Mechanistically, we showed that the chemokine CXCL12 acted downstream of DCLK1 in cultured MKN1 cells and in mice subcutaneously implanted with gastric tumors formed by MKN1DCLK1 cells. Moreover, inhibition of the kinase activity of DCLK1 or the expression of DCLK1D511N reversed the pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic phenotype. Together, this study establishes DCLK1 as a broadly acting and potentially targetable promoter of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukat Afshar-Sterle
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Annalisa L E Carli
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan O'Keefe
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Janson Tse
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefanie Fischer
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander I Azimpour
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - David Baloyan
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Lena Elias
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Pathum Thilakasiri
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Onisha Patel
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fleur M Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Moritz F Eissmann
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashwini L Chand
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rita Busuttil
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Boussioutas
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Adelman JW, Sukowaty AT, Partridge KJ, Gawrys JE, Terhune SS, Ebert AD. Stabilizing microtubules aids neurite structure and disrupts syncytia formation in human cytomegalovirus-infected human forebrain neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.16.608340. [PMID: 39229072 PMCID: PMC11370344 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.16.608340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a prolific human herpesvirus that infects most individuals by adulthood. While typically asymptomatic in adults, congenital infection can induce serious neurological symptoms including hearing loss, visual deficits, cognitive impairment, and microcephaly in 10-15% of cases. HCMV has been shown to infect most neural cells with our group recently demonstrating this capacity in stem cell-derived forebrain neurons. Infection of neurons induces deleterious effects on calcium dynamics and electrophysiological function paired with gross restructuring of neuronal morphology. Here, we utilize an iPSC-derived model of the human forebrain to demonstrate how HCMV infection induces syncytia, drives neurite retraction, and remodels microtubule networks to promote viral production and release. We establish that HCMV downregulates microtubule associated proteins at 14 days postinfection while simultaneously sparing other cytoskeletal elements, and this includes HCMV-driven alterations to microtubule stability. Further, we pharmacologically modulate microtubule dynamics using paclitaxel (stabilize) and colchicine (destabilize) to examine the effects on neurite structure, syncytial morphology, assembly compartment formation, and viral release. With paclitaxel, we found improvement of neurite outgrowth with a corresponding disruption to HCMV-induced syncytia formation and Golgi network disruptions but with limited impact on viral titers. Together, these data suggest that HCMV infection-induced disruption of microtubules in human cortical neurons can be partially mitigated with microtubule stabilization, suggesting a potential avenue for future neuroprotective therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Adelman
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Andrew T Sukowaty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kaitlyn J Partridge
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jessica E Gawrys
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Scott S Terhune
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Allison D Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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3
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Fukui K. α-Tocotrienol Protects Neurons by Preventing Tau Hyperphosphorylation via Inhibiting Microtubule Affinity-Regulating Kinase Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8428. [PMID: 39125998 PMCID: PMC11313320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease, neuronal cell death is closely related to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Our previous studies have found that oxidative stress can activate microtubule affinity-regulating kinases, resulting in elevated phosphorylation levels of tau protein specifically at the Ser262 residue in N1E-115 cells that have been subjected to exposure to hydrogen peroxide. This process may be one of the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble, naturally occurring antioxidant that plays a crucial role in biological systems. This study aimed to examine the probable processes that contribute to the inhibiting effect on the abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein and the neuroprotective activity of a particular type of vitamin E, α-tocotrienol. The experimental analysis revealed that α-tocotrienol showed significant neuroprotective effects in the N1E-115 cell line. Our data further suggest that one of the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of α-tocotrienol may be through the inhibition of microtubule affinity-regulated kinase activation, which significantly reduces the oxidative stress-induced aberrant elevation of p-Tau (Ser262) levels. These results indicate that α-tocotrienol may represent an intriguing strategy for treating or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Liu
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan;
| | - Yunxi Chen
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan;
| | - Koji Fukui
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan;
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan;
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4
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Shen Y, Ori-McKenney KM. Microtubule-associated protein MAP7 promotes tubulin posttranslational modifications and cargo transport to enable osmotic adaptation. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1553-1570.e7. [PMID: 38574732 PMCID: PMC11187767 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cells remodel their cytoskeletal networks to adapt to their environment. Here, we analyze the mechanisms utilized by the cell to tailor its microtubule landscape in response to changes in osmolarity that alter macromolecular crowding. By integrating live-cell imaging, ex vivo enzymatic assays, and in vitro reconstitution, we probe the impact of cytoplasmic density on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and tubulin posttranslational modifications (PTMs). We find that human epithelial cells respond to fluctuations in cytoplasmic density by modulating microtubule acetylation, detyrosination, or MAP7 association without differentially affecting polyglutamylation, tyrosination, or MAP4 association. These MAP-PTM combinations alter intracellular cargo transport, enabling the cell to respond to osmotic challenges. We further dissect the molecular mechanisms governing tubulin PTM specification and find that MAP7 promotes acetylation and inhibits detyrosination. Our data identify MAP7 in modulating the tubulin code, resulting in microtubule cytoskeleton remodeling and alteration of intracellular transport as an integrated mechanism of cellular adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kassandra M Ori-McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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5
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Dziedzic A, Michlewska S, Jóźwiak P, Dębski J, Karbownik MS, Łaczmański Ł, Kujawa D, Glińska S, Miller E, Niwald M, Kloc M, Balcerzak Ł, Saluk J. Quantitative and structural changes of blood platelet cytoskeleton proteins in multiple sclerosis (MS). J Autoimmun 2024; 145:103204. [PMID: 38520895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that cardiovascular events related to platelet hyperactivity remain the leading causes of death among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Quantitative or structural changes of platelet cytoskeleton alter their morphology and function. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, the structural changes in MS platelets that may be related to their hyperactivity. MS platelets were found to form large aggregates compared to control platelets. In contrast to the control, the images of overactivated, irregularly shaped MS platelets show changes in the cytoskeleton architecture, fragmented microtubule rings. Furthermore, MS platelets have long and numerous pseudopodia rich in actin filaments. We showed that MS platelets and megakaryocytes, overexpress β1-tubulin and β-actin mRNAs and proteins and have altered post-translational modification patterns. Moreover, we identified two previously undisclosed mutations in the gene encoding β1-tubulin in MS. We propose that the demonstrated structural changes of platelet cytoskeleton enhance their ability to adhere, aggregate, and degranulate fueling the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dziedzic
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Michlewska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Jóźwiak
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Banacha 12/16, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Dębski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kujawa
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sława Glińska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Miller
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Niwald
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Łucja Balcerzak
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Saluk
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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6
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Venkatramani A, Ashtam A, Panda D. EB1 Increases the Dynamics of Tau Droplets and Inhibits Tau Aggregation: Implications in Tauopathies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1219-1233. [PMID: 38445984 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
EB1, a microtubule plus end-tracking protein (+TIP), regulates microtubule dynamics. Recent evidence indicates cross-talk between EB proteins and tau, a microtubule-associated neuronal protein that is important for the growth and stability of microtubules. We investigated the interaction between tau and EB1 and the effect of binding of EB1 on tau function and aggregation. EB1 colocalized with tau in SH-SY5Y cells and coimmunoprecipitated with tau. Further, purified EB1 impaired the ability of adult tau to induce tubulin polymerization in vitro. EB1 bound to tau with a dissociation constant of 2.5 ± 0.7 μM. EB1 reduced heparin-induced tau aggregation with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 4.3 ± 0.2 μM, and increased the dynamics of tau in phase-separated droplets. The fluorescence recovery rate in tau droplets increased from 0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.07 ± 0.03 s-1, while the half-time of recovery decreased from 44.5 ± 14 to 13.5 ± 6 s in the presence of 8 μM EB1, suggesting a delay in the transition of tau from the soluble to aggregated form in tau liquid-liquid phase separation. EB1 decreased the rate of aggregation and increased the critical concentration of tau aggregation. Dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, dot blot assays, and SDS-PAGE analysis showed that EB1 inhibited the formation of oligomers and higher-order aggregates of tau. The data suggest a novel role for EB1 as a regulator of tau function and aggregation, and the findings indicated the role of the EB family proteins in neuronal function and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Venkatramani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anvesh Ashtam
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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7
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Danziger M, Xu F, Noble H, Yang P, Roque DM. Tubulin Complexity in Cancer and Metastasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1452:21-35. [PMID: 38805123 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58311-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Tubulin plays a fundamental role in cellular function and as the subject for microtubule-active agents in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Microtubule-binding proteins (e.g., tau, MAP1/2/4, EB1, CLIP, TOG, survivin, stathmin) and posttranslational modifications (e.g., tyrosination, deglutamylation, acetylation, glycation, phosphorylation, polyamination) further diversify tubulin functionality and may permit additional opportunities to understand microtubule behavior in disease and to develop microtubule-modifying approaches to combat ovarian cancer. Tubulin-based structures that project from suspended ovarian cancer cells known as microtentacles may contribute to metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells and could represent an exciting novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Danziger
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fuhua Xu
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helen Noble
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dana M Roque
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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8
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Nogales E, Kellogg E. Structure challenges in the multivalency of Tau-microtubule interactions. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:53-56. [PMID: 37702417 PMCID: PMC10873104 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Structural studies aiming to visualize the interaction of Tau with microtubules (MTs) face several challenges, the main concerning the fact that Tau has multiple MT-interacting regions. In particular, the four (or three) pseudo-repeats of Tau bind to identical elements along the MT lattice but do it through non-identical residues. In addition, any given Tau molecule can use all its repeats or just one for its engagement with MTs. Finally, the binding of one Tau is not necessarily in register with respect to the next one. The mismatch in the MT and Tau repeats, therefore, challenges conventional modes of image analysis when visualizing these samples using cryo-electron microscopy. This commentary is dedicated to those challenges and ways to circumvent them while aiming for an atomic description of the Tau-tubulin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Nogales
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kellogg
- Structural Biology Department, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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9
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Huang H, Majumder T, Khot B, Suriyaarachchi H, Yang T, Shao Q, Tirukovalluru S, Liu G. The role of microtubule-associated protein tau in netrin-1 attractive signaling. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261244. [PMID: 38197773 PMCID: PMC10906489 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct binding of netrin receptors with dynamic microtubules (MTs) in the neuronal growth cone plays an important role in netrin-mediated axon guidance. However, how netrin-1 (NTN1) regulates MT dynamics in axon turning remains a major unanswered question. Here, we show that the coupling of netrin-1 receptor DCC with tau (MAPT)-regulated MTs is involved in netrin-1-promoted axon attraction. Tau directly interacts with DCC and partially overlaps with DCC in the growth cone of primary neurons. Netrin-1 induces this interaction and the colocalization of DCC and tau in the growth cone. The netrin-1-induced interaction of tau with DCC relies on MT dynamics and TUBB3, a highly dynamic β-tubulin isotype in developing neurons. Netrin-1 increased cosedimentation of DCC with tau and TUBB3 in MTs, and knockdown of either tau or TUBB3 mutually blocked this effect. Downregulation of endogenous tau levels by tau shRNAs inhibited netrin-1-induced axon outgrowth, branching and commissural axon attraction in vitro, and led to defects in spinal commissural axon projection in vivo. These findings suggest that tau is a key MT-associated protein coupling DCC with MT dynamics in netrin-1-promoted axon attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Tanushree Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Bhakti Khot
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Harindi Suriyaarachchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Qiangqiang Shao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Shraddha Tirukovalluru
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Guofa Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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10
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Selvarasu K, Singh AK, Dakshinamoorthy A, Sreenivasmurthy SG, Iyaswamy A, Radhakrishnan M, Patnaik S, Huang JD, Williams LL, Senapati S, Durairajan SSK. Interaction of Tau with Kinesin-1: Effect of Kinesin-1 Heavy Chain Elimination on Autophagy-Mediated Mutant Tau Degradation. Biomedicines 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 38275365 PMCID: PMC10813313 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Natively unfolded tau has a low propensity to form aggregates, but in tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau aggregates into paired helical filaments (PHFs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Multiple intracellular transport pathways utilize kinesin-1, a plus-end-directed microtubule-based motor. Kinesin-1 is crucial in various neurodegenerative diseases as it transports multiple cargoes along the microtubules (MT). Kinesin-1 proteins cannot progress along MTs due to an accumulation of tau on their surfaces. Although kinesin-1-mediated neuronal transport dysfunction is well-documented in other neurodegenerative diseases, its role in AD has received less attention. Very recently, we have shown that knocking down and knocking out of kinesin-1 heavy chain (KIF5B KO) expression significantly reduced the level and stability of tau in cells and tau transgenic mice, respectively. Here, we report that tau interacts with the motor domain of KIF5B in vivo and in vitro, possibly through its microtubule-binding repeat domain. This interaction leads to the inhibition of the ATPase activity of the motor domain. In addition, the KIF5B KO results in autophagy initiation, which subsequently assists in tau degradation. The mechanisms behind KIF5B KO-mediated tau degradation seem to involve its interaction with tau, promoting the trafficking of tau through retrograde transport into autophagosomes for subsequent lysosomal degradation of tau. Our results suggest how KIF5B removal facilitates the movement of autophagosomes toward lysosomes for efficient tau degradation. This mechanism can be enabled through the downregulation of kinesin-1 or the disruption of the association between kinesin-1 and tau, particularly in cases when neurons perceive disturbances in intercellular axonal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Selvarasu
- Molecular Mycology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur 610 005, India; (K.S.); (A.K.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Abhay Kumar Singh
- Molecular Mycology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur 610 005, India; (K.S.); (A.K.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Avinash Dakshinamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; (A.D.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Moorthi Radhakrishnan
- Molecular Mycology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur 610 005, India; (K.S.); (A.K.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Supriti Patnaik
- Molecular Mycology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur 610 005, India; (K.S.); (A.K.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Leonard L. Williams
- Center for Excellence in Post Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, The North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Sanjib Senapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; (A.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan
- Molecular Mycology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur 610 005, India; (K.S.); (A.K.S.); (S.P.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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McMillan PJ, Benbow SJ, Uhrich R, Saxton A, Baum M, Strovas T, Wheeler JM, Baker J, Liachko NF, Keene CD, Latimer CS, Kraemer BC. Tau-RNA complexes inhibit microtubule polymerization and drive disease-relevant conformation change. Brain 2023; 146:3206-3220. [PMID: 36732296 PMCID: PMC10393409 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related disorders feature neurofibrillary tangles and other neuropathological lesions composed of detergent-insoluble tau protein. In recent structural biology studies of tau proteinopathy, aggregated tau forms a distinct set of conformational variants specific to the different types of tauopathy disorders. However, the constituents driving the formation of distinct pathological tau conformations on pathway to tau-mediated neurodegeneration remain unknown. Previous work demonstrated RNA can serve as a driver of tau aggregation, and RNA associates with tau containing lesions, but tools for evaluating tau/RNA interactions remain limited. Here, we employed molecular interaction studies to measure the impact of tau/RNA binding on tau microtubule binding and aggregation. To investigate the importance of tau/RNA complexes (TRCs) in neurodegenerative disease, we raised a monoclonal antibody (TRC35) against aggregated tau/RNA complexes. We showed that native tau binds RNA with high affinity but low specificity, and tau binding to RNA competes with tau-mediated microtubule assembly functions. Tau/RNA interaction in vitro promotes the formation of higher molecular weight tau/RNA complexes, which represent an oligomeric tau species. Coexpression of tau and poly(A)45 RNA transgenes in Caenorhabditis elegans exacerbates tau-related phenotypes including neuronal dysfunction and pathological tau accumulation. TRC35 exhibits specificity for Alzheimer's disease-derived detergent-insoluble tau relative to soluble recombinant tau. Immunostaining with TRC35 labels a wide variety of pathological tau lesions in animal models of tauopathy, which are reduced in mice lacking the RNA binding protein MSUT2. TRC-positive lesions are evident in many human tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration and Pick's disease. We also identified ocular pharyngeal muscular dystrophy as a novel tauopathy disorder, where loss of function in the poly(A) RNA binding protein (PABPN1) causes accumulation of pathological tau in tissue from post-mortem human brain. Tau/RNA binding drives tau conformational change and aggregation inhibiting tau-mediated microtubule assembly. Our findings implicate cellular tau/RNA interactions as modulators of both normal tau function and pathological tau toxicity in tauopathy disorders and suggest feasibility for novel therapeutic approaches targeting TRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J McMillan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Sarah J Benbow
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Rikki Uhrich
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Aleen Saxton
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Misa Baum
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Timothy Strovas
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Jeanna M Wheeler
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Jeremy Baker
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Nicole F Liachko
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Caitlin S Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brian C Kraemer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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12
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Cario A, Berger CL. Tau, microtubule dynamics, and axonal transport: New paradigms for neurodegenerative disease. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200138. [PMID: 37489532 PMCID: PMC10630968 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of Tauopathies, a diverse class of neurodegenerative diseases associated with the Microtubule Associated Protein (MAP) Tau, is usually described by a common mechanism in which Tau dysfunction results in the loss of axonal microtubule stability. Here, we reexamine and build upon the canonical disease model to encompass other Tau functions. In addition to regulating microtubule dynamics, Tau acts as a modulator of motor proteins, a signaling hub, and a scaffolding protein. This diverse array of functions is related to the dynamic nature of Tau isoform expression, post-translational modification (PTM), and conformational flexibility. Thus, there is no single mechanism that can describe Tau dysfunction. The effects of specific pathogenic mutations or aberrant PTMs need to be examined on all of the various functions of Tau in order to understand the unique etiology of each disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Cario
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Christopher L. Berger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
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13
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Madabushi S, Chow KM, Song ES, Goswami A, Hersh LB, Rodgers DW. Structure of puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase and polyglutamine binding. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287086. [PMID: 37440518 PMCID: PMC10343166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (E.C. 3.4.11.14, UniProt P55786), a zinc metallopeptidase belonging to the M1 family, degrades a number of bioactive peptides as well as peptides released from the proteasome, including polyglutamine. We report the crystal structure of PSA at 2.3 Ǻ. Overall, the enzyme adopts a V-shaped architecture with four domains characteristic of the M1 family aminopeptidases, but it is in a less compact conformation compared to most M1 enzymes of known structure. A microtubule binding sequence is present in a C-terminal HEAT repeat domain of the enzyme in a position where it might serve to mediate interaction with tubulin. In the catalytic metallopeptidase domain, an elongated active site groove lined with aromatic and hydrophobic residues and a large S1 subsite may play a role in broad substrate recognition. The structure with bound polyglutamine shows a possible interacting mode of this peptide, which is supported by mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Madabushi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - K. Martin Chow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Eun Suk Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Anwesha Goswami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Louis B. Hersh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - David W. Rodgers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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14
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Chen J, Roll-Mecak A. Glutamylation is a negative regulator of microtubule growth. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar70. [PMID: 37074962 PMCID: PMC10295482 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-01-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are noncovalent polymers built from αβ-tubulin dimers. The disordered C-terminal tubulin tails are functionalized with multiple glutamate chains of variable lengths added and removed by tubulin tyrosine ligases (TTLLs) and carboxypeptidases (CCPs). Glutamylation is abundant on stable microtubule arrays such as in axonemes and axons, and its dysregulation leads to human pathologies. Despite this, the effects of glutamylation on intrinsic microtubule dynamics are unclear. Here we generate tubulin with short and long glutamate chains and show that glutamylation slows the rate of microtubule growth and increases catastrophes as a function of glutamylation levels. This implies that the higher stability of glutamylated microtubules in cells is due to effectors. Interestingly, EB1 is minimally affected by glutamylation and thus can report on the growth rates of both unmodified and glutamylated microtubules. Finally, we show that glutamate removal by CCP1 and 5 is synergistic and occurs preferentially on soluble tubulin, unlike TTLL enzymes that prefer microtubules. This substrate preference establishes an asymmetry whereby once the microtubule depolymerizes, the released tubulin is reset to a less-modified state, while polymerized tubulin accumulates the glutamylation mark. Our work shows that a modification on the disordered tubulin tails can directly affect microtubule dynamics and furthers our understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of the tubulin code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and
| | - Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
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15
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Nishida K, Matsumura K, Tamura M, Nakamichi T, Shimamori K, Kuragano M, Kabir AMR, Kakugo A, Kotani S, Nishishita N, Tokuraku K. Effects of three microtubule-associated proteins (MAP2, MAP4, and Tau) on microtubules' physical properties and neurite morphology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8870. [PMID: 37258650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical properties of cytoskeletal microtubules have a multifaceted effect on the expression of their cellular functions. A superfamily of microtubule-associated proteins, MAP2, MAP4, and tau, promote the polymerization of microtubules, stabilize the formed microtubules, and affect the physical properties of microtubules. Here, we show differences in the effects of these three MAPs on the physical properties of microtubules. When microtubule-binding domain fragments of MAP2, tau, and three MAP4 isoforms were added to microtubules in vitro and observed by fluorescence microscopy, tau-bound microtubules showed a straighter morphology than the microtubules bound by MAP2 and the three MAP4 isoforms. Flexural rigidity was evaluated by the shape of the teardrop pattern formed when microtubules were placed in a hydrodynamic flow, revealing that tau-bound microtubules were the least flexible. When full-length MAPs fused with EGFP were expressed in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, the microtubules in apical regions of protrusions expressing tau were straighter than in cells expressing MAP2 and MAP4. On the other hand, the protrusions of tau-expressing cells had the fewest branches. These results suggest that the properties of microtubules, which are regulated by MAPs, contribute to the morphogenesis of neurites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nishida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsumura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Miki Tamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Takuto Nakamichi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Keiya Shimamori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kuragano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | | | - Akira Kakugo
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Susumu Kotani
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishishita
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Tokuraku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan.
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16
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Carli ALE, Hardy JM, Hoblos H, Ernst M, Lucet IS, Buchert M. Structure-Guided Prediction of the Functional Impact of DCLK1 Mutations on Tumorigenesis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030990. [PMID: 36979969 PMCID: PMC10046695 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a functional serine/threonine (S/T)-kinase and a member of the doublecortin family of proteins which are characterized by their ability to bind to microtubules (MTs). DCLK1 is a proposed cancer driver gene, and its upregulation is associated with poor overall survival in several solid cancer types. However, how DCLK1 associates with MTs and how its kinase function contributes to pro-tumorigenic processes is poorly understood. This review builds on structural models to propose not only the specific functions of the domains but also attempts to predict the impact of individual somatic missense mutations on DCLK1 functions. Somatic missense mutations in DCLK1 are most frequently located within the N-terminal MT binding region and likely impact on the ability of DCLK1 to bind to αβ-tubulin and to polymerize and stabilize MTs. Moreover, the MT binding affinity of DCLK1 is negatively regulated by its auto-phosphorylation, and therefore mutations that affect kinase activity are predicted to indirectly alter MT dynamics. The emerging picture portrays DCLK1 as an MT-associated protein whose interactions with tubulin heterodimers and MTs are tightly controlled processes which, when disrupted, may confer pro-tumorigenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa L E Carli
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Joshua M Hardy
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hanadi Hoblos
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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17
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El Mammeri N, Dregni AJ, Duan P, Wang HK, Hong M. Microtubule-binding core of the tau protein. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4459. [PMID: 35857846 PMCID: PMC9299549 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The protein tau associates with microtubules to maintain neuronal health. Posttranslational modifications of tau interfere with this binding, leading to tau aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we use solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to investigate the structure of the microtubule-binding domain of tau. Wild-type tau that contains four microtubule-binding repeats and a pseudorepeat R' is studied. Complexed with taxol-stabilized microtubules, the immobilized residues exhibit well-resolved two-dimensional spectra that can be assigned to the amino-terminal region of R4 and the R' domain. When tau coassembles with tubulin to form unstable microtubules, the R' signals remain, whereas the R4 signals disappear, indicating that R' remains immobilized, whereas R4 becomes more mobile. Therefore, R' outcompetes the other four repeats to associate with microtubules. These NMR data, together with previous cryo-electron microscopy densities, indicate an extended conformation for microtubule-bound R'. R' contains the largest number of charged residues among all repeats, suggesting that charge-charge interaction drives tau-microtubule association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia El Mammeri
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Pu Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Harrison K. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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18
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Costa AC, Sousa MM. The Role of Spastin in Axon Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:934522. [PMID: 35865632 PMCID: PMC9294387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.934522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells with elaborate shapes that allow them to perform their function. In neurons, microtubule organization—length, density, and dynamics—are essential for the establishment of polarity, growth, and transport. A mounting body of evidence shows that modulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton by microtubule-associated proteins fine tunes key aspects of neuronal cell biology. In this respect, microtubule severing enzymes—spastin, katanin and fidgetin—a group of microtubule-associated proteins that bind to and generate internal breaks in the microtubule lattice, are emerging as key modulators of the microtubule cytoskeleton in different model systems. In this review, we provide an integrative view on the latest research demonstrating the key role of spastin in neurons, specifically in the context of axonal cell biology. We focus on the function of spastin in the regulation of microtubule organization, and axonal transport, that underlie its importance in the intricate control of axon growth, branching and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Costa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ana Catarina Costa, ; Monica Mendes Sousa,
| | - Monica Mendes Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ana Catarina Costa, ; Monica Mendes Sousa,
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19
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Kulkarni R, Thakur A, Kumar H. Microtubule Dynamics Following Central and Peripheral Nervous System Axotomy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1358-1369. [PMID: 35451811 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance in the neuronal network leads to instability in the microtubule (MT) railroad of axons, causing hindrance in the intra-axonal transport and making it difficult to re-establish the broken network. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons can stabilize their MTs, leading to the formation of regeneration-promoting structures called "growth cones". However, central nervous system (CNS) neurons lack this intrinsic reparative capability and, instead, form growth-incompetent structures called "retraction bulbs", which have a disarrayed MT network. It is evident from various studies that although axonal regeneration depends on both cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic factors, any therapy that aims at axonal regeneration ultimately converges onto MTs. Understanding the neuronal MT dynamics will help develop effective therapeutic strategies in diseases where the MT network gets disrupted, such as spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It is also essential to know the factors that aid or inhibit MT stabilization. In this review, we have discussed the MT dynamics postaxotomy in the CNS and PNS, and factors that can directly influence MT stability in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Kulkarni
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Akshata Thakur
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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20
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Barbiero I, Bianchi M, Kilstrup‐Nielsen C. Therapeutic potential of pregnenolone and pregnenolone methyl ether on depressive and CDKL5 deficiency disorders: Focus on microtubule targeting. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13033. [PMID: 34495563 PMCID: PMC9286658 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pregnenolone methyl-ether (PME) is a synthetic derivative of the endogenous neuroactive steroid pregnenolone (PREG), which is an important modulator of several brain functions. In addition to being the precursor of steroids, PREG acts directly on various targets including microtubules (MTs), the functioning of which is fundamental for the development and homeostasis of nervous system. The coordination of MT dynamics is supported by a plethora of MT-associated proteins (MAPs) and by a specific MT code that is defined by the post-translational modifications of tubulin. Defects associated with MAPs or tubulin post-translational modifications are linked to different neurological pathologies including mood and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we describe the beneficial effect of PME in major depressive disorders (MDDs) and in CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), two pathologies that are joint by defective MT dynamics. Growing evidence indeed suggests that PME, as well as PREG, is able to positively affect the MT-binding of MAP2 and the plus-end tracking protein CLIP170 that are both found to be deregulated in the above mentioned pathologies. Furthermore, PME influences the state of MT acetylation, the deregulation of which is often associated with neurological abnormalities including MDDs. By contrast to PREG, PME is not metabolised into other downstream molecules with specific biological properties, an aspect that makes this compound more suitable for therapeutic strategies. Thus, through the analysis of MDDs and CDD, this work focuses attention on the possible use of PME for neuronal pathologies associated with MT defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Barbiero
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, (DBSV)Centre of NeuroScienceUniversity of InsubriaBusto ArsizioItaly
| | - Massimiliano Bianchi
- Ulysses Neuroscience Ltd.Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Charlotte Kilstrup‐Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, (DBSV)Centre of NeuroScienceUniversity of InsubriaBusto ArsizioItaly
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21
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Ferro LS, Fang Q, Eshun-Wilson L, Fernandes J, Jack A, Farrell DP, Golcuk M, Huijben T, Costa K, Gur M, DiMaio F, Nogales E, Yildiz A. Structural and functional insight into regulation of kinesin-1 by microtubule-associated protein MAP7. Science 2022; 375:326-331. [PMID: 35050657 PMCID: PMC8985661 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf6154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-associated protein 7 (MAP7) is a required cofactor for kinesin-1-driven transport of intracellular cargoes. Using cryo-electron microscopy and single-molecule imaging, we investigated how MAP7 binds MTs and facilitates kinesin-1 motility. The MT-binding domain (MTBD) of MAP7 bound MTs as an extended α helix between the protofilament ridge and the site of lateral contact. Unexpectedly, the MTBD partially overlapped with the binding site of kinesin-1 and inhibited its motility. However, by tethering kinesin-1 to the MT, the projection domain of MAP7 prevented dissociation of the motor and facilitated its binding to available neighboring sites. The inhibitory effect of the MTBD dominated as MTs became saturated with MAP7. Our results reveal biphasic regulation of kinesin-1 by MAP7 in the context of their competitive binding to MTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S Ferro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Qianglin Fang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Lisa Eshun-Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
| | | | - Amanda Jack
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Daniel P Farrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mert Golcuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Teun Huijben
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | | | - Mert Gur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Frank DiMaio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eva Nogales
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase MD, USA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
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22
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Muthu SJ, Lakshmanan G, Shimray KW, Kaliyappan K, Sathyanathan SB, Seppan P. Testosterone Influence on Microtubule-Associated Proteins and Spine Density in Hippocampus: Implications on Learning and Memory. Dev Neurosci 2022; 44:498-507. [PMID: 35609517 DOI: 10.1159/000525038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The thorny protrusions or spines increase the neuronal surface area, facilitate synaptic interconnections among neurons, and play an essential role in the hippocampus. Increasing evidence suggests that testosterone, the gonadal hormone, plays an important role in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. The role of testosterone on microtubule-associated proteins on dendritic neurite stability in the hippocampus and its impact on learning disability is not elucidated. Adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly selected for the control, castrated, castrated + testosterone, and control + testosterone groups. Bilateral orchidectomy was done, and the testosterone propionate was administered during the entire trial period, i.e., 14 days. The learning assessments were done using working/reference memory versions of the 8-arm radial maze and hippocampal tissues processed for histological and protein expressions. There were reduced expressions of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and androgen receptor (AR) and increased expression of pTau in the castrated group. Conversely, the expression of MAP2, PSD95, and AR was increased, and the pTau expression was reduced in the hippocampus of the castrated rat administrated with testosterone. Androgen-depleted rats showed impaired synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus associated with contracted microtubule dynamics. Along with learning disability, there was an increased number of reference memory errors and working memory errors in castrated rats. Observations suggest that androgen regulates expression of neural tissue-specific MAPs and plays a vital role in hippocampus synaptic plasticity and that a similar mechanism may underlie neurological disorders in aging and hypogonadal men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthi Jothi Muthu
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Ganesh Lakshmanan
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Khayinmi Wungpam Shimray
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Kathiravan Kaliyappan
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | | | - Prakash Seppan
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
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23
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Rahal A, Sharma DK, Kumar A, Sharma N, Dayal D. In silico to In vivo development of a polyherbal against Haemonchus contortus. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08789. [PMID: 35106389 PMCID: PMC8789534 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is a major constraint in the development of small ruminant subsector due to significant production losses incurred by it. The present study explores the antiparasitic potential of three anthelmintic plants (Butea monosperma, Vitex negundo and Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don) against H. contortus taking albendazole as the standard. In silico molecular docking and pharmacokinetic prediction studies were conducted with known bioactive molecules of these plants (palasonin, vinblastine, vincristine, betulinic acid and ursolic acid) against Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) and tubulin molecules of the parasite. Methanolic extracts of these herbs were fractionated (hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol) and used in in vitro larvicidal studies. Based on the in vitro data, two herbal prototypes were developed and clinically tested. All the 5 ligand molecules showed better binding affnity for GDH and tubulin protein as compared with albendazole and shared similar binding site in the core of the GDH hexamer with slight variations. Albendazole approximately stacked against GLY190A residue, showing hydrophobic interactions with PRO157A and a Pi-cation electrostatic interaction with ARG390 along with four hydrogen bonds. Vincristine formed 2 pi-anionic electrostatic bonds with ASP158 of B and C subunits alongwith hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction and an additional pi-anion electrostatic interaction at ASP158A for vinblastine. Albendazole bound to α-tubulin next to colchicine site whereas vinblastine is bound at the nearby laulimalide/peloruside site of the dimer. Betulinic acid showed lateral interaction between the H2-H3 loop of one alpha subunit and H10 of the adjacent alpha subunit of two tubulin dimers. Ursolic acid and palasonin bound at the intradimer N site of microtubulin involving the H1-H7 and H1-H2 zone, respectively. The in vitro studies demonstrated good dose dependent anthelmintic potential. Both the prototypes were quite efficacious in clearing the infection, keeping it to a minimal for more than 5 months, probably, through direct anthelmintic effect through GDH, tubulin depolymerization and uncoupling as well as indirectly through immunomodulation along with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Rahal
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, 281122, UP, India
| | - D K Sharma
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, 281122, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, 281122, UP, India
| | - Nitika Sharma
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, 281122, UP, India
| | - Deen Dayal
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, 281122, UP, India
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24
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Lawrence EJ, Arpag G, Arnaiz C, Zanic M. SSNA1 stabilizes dynamic microtubules and detects microtubule damage. eLife 2021; 10:67282. [PMID: 34970964 PMCID: PMC8798045 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome nuclear autoantigen-1 (SSNA1/NA14) is a microtubule-associated protein with important functions in cilia, dividing cells, and developing neurons. However, the direct effects of SSNA1 on microtubules are not known. We employed in vitro reconstitution with purified proteins and TIRF microscopy to investigate the activity of human SSNA1 on dynamic microtubule ends and lattices. Our results show that SSNA1 modulates all parameters of microtubule dynamic instability—slowing down the rates of growth, shrinkage, and catastrophe, and promoting rescue. We find that SSNA1 forms stretches along growing microtubule ends and binds cooperatively to the microtubule lattice. Furthermore, SSNA1 is enriched on microtubule damage sites, occurring both naturally, as well as induced by the microtubule severing enzyme spastin. Finally, SSNA1 binding protects microtubules against spastin’s severing activity. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SSNA1 is both a potent microtubule-stabilizing protein and a novel sensor of microtubule damage; activities that likely underlie SSNA1’s functions on microtubule structures in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Lawrence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Goker Arpag
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Cayetana Arnaiz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Marija Zanic
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
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25
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Chalimeswamy A, Thanuja MY, Ranganath SH, Pandya K, Kompella UB, Srinivas SP. Oxidative Stress Induces a Breakdown of the Cytoskeleton and Tight Junctions of the Corneal Endothelial Cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 38:74-84. [PMID: 34818079 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the impact of oxidative stress, which is a hallmark of Fuchs dystrophy, on the barrier function of the corneal endothelial cells. Methods: Experiments were carried out with cultured bovine and porcine corneal endothelial cells. For oxidative stress, cells were supplemented with riboflavin (Rf) and exposed to UV-A (15-30 min) to induce Type-1 photochemical reactions that release H2O2. The effect of the stress on the barrier function was assayed by transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) measurement. In addition, the associated changes in the organization of the microtubules, perijunctional actomyosin ring (PAMR), and ZO-1 were evaluated by immunocytochemistry, which was also repeated after direct exposure to H2O2 (100 μM, 1 h). Results: Exposure to H2O2 led to the disassembly of microtubules and the destruction of PAMR. In parallel, the contiguous locus of ZO-1 was disrupted, marking a loss of barrier integrity. Accordingly, a sustained loss in TER was induced when cells in the Rf-supplemented medium were exposed to UV-A. However, the addition of catalase (7,000 U/mL) to rapidly decompose H2O2 limited the loss in TER. Furthermore, the adverse effects on microtubules, PAMR, and ZO-1 were suppressed by including catalase, ascorbic acid (1 mM; 30 min), or pretreatment with p38 MAP kinase inhibitor (SB-203580; 10 μM, 1 h). Conclusions: Acute oxidative stress induces microtubule disassembly by a p38 MAP kinase-dependent mechanism, leading to the destruction of PAMR and loss of barrier function. The response to oxidative stress is reminiscent of the (TNF-α)-induced breakdown of barrier failure in the corneal endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Chalimeswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India.,Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
| | | | - Sudhir H Ranganath
- Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
| | - Kaveet Pandya
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Uday B Kompella
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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26
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Wareham LK, Echevarria FD, Sousa JL, Konlian DO, Dallas G, Formichella CR, Sankaran P, Goralski PJ, Gustafson JR, Sappington RM. Interleukin-6 promotes microtubule stability in axons via Stat3 protein-protein interactions. iScience 2021; 24:103141. [PMID: 34646984 PMCID: PMC8496173 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines and its downstream effector, STAT3, are important mediators of neuronal health, repair, and disease throughout the CNS, including the visual system. Here, we elucidate a transcription-independent mechanism for the neuropoietic activities of IL-6 related to axon development, regeneration, and repair. We examined the outcome of IL-6 deficiency on structure and function of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, which form the optic projection. We found that IL-6 deficiency substantially delays anterograde axon transport in vivo. The reduced rate of axon transport is accompanied by changes in morphology, structure, and post-translational modification of microtubules. In vivo and in vitro studies in mice and swine revealed that IL-6-dependent microtubule phenotypes arise from protein-protein interactions between STAT3 and stathmin. As in tumor cells and T cells, this STAT3-stathmin interaction stabilizes microtubules in RGCs. Thus, this IL-6-STAT3-dependent mechanism for axon architecture is likely a fundamental mechanism for microtubule stability systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Wareham
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Sousa
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Danielle O Konlian
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Gabrielle Dallas
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Cathryn R Formichella
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Priya Sankaran
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Peter J Goralski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jenna R Gustafson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Rebecca M Sappington
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
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27
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Parcerisas A, Ortega-Gascó A, Pujadas L, Soriano E. The Hidden Side of NCAM Family: NCAM2, a Key Cytoskeleton Organization Molecule Regulating Multiple Neural Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10021. [PMID: 34576185 PMCID: PMC8471948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been over 20 years since Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 2 (NCAM2) was identified as the second member of the NCAM family with a high expression in the nervous system, the knowledge of NCAM2 is still eclipsed by NCAM1. The first studies with NCAM2 focused on the olfactory bulb, where this protein has a key role in axonal projection and axonal/dendritic compartmentalization. In contrast to NCAM1, NCAM2's functions and partners in the brain during development and adulthood have remained largely unknown until not long ago. Recent studies have revealed the importance of NCAM2 in nervous system development. NCAM2 governs neuronal morphogenesis and axodendritic architecture, and controls important neuron-specific processes such as neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis and memory formation. In the adult brain, NCAM2 is highly expressed in dendritic spines, and it regulates synaptic plasticity and learning processes. NCAM2's functions are related to its ability to adapt to the external inputs of the cell and to modify the cytoskeleton accordingly. Different studies show that NCAM2 interacts with proteins involved in cytoskeleton stability and proteins that regulate calcium influx, which could also modify the cytoskeleton. In this review, we examine the evidence that points to NCAM2 as a crucial cytoskeleton regulation protein during brain development and adulthood. This key function of NCAM2 may offer promising new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodevelopmental diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Parcerisas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alba Ortega-Gascó
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Pujadas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.O.-G.); (L.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Yeh TY, Liu PH. Inhibition of nitric oxide production enhances the activity of facial nerve tubulin polymerization and the ability of tau to promote microtubule assembly after neurorrhaphy. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105183. [PMID: 34508785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production promotes rat reconnected facial nerve regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism is obscure. Microtubule assembly is known to be essential to axon regeneration; nevertheless, tubulins and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) have been demonstrated as targets for NO and peroxynitrite. Thus, we hypothesized that NO and/or peroxynitrite may affect facial nerve regeneration via influencing on microtubule assembly. First, tubulins and tau (a MAP) were extracted from facial nerves of normal rats, treated with NO donor or peroxynitrite, and processed for microtubule assembly assay. We found that peroxynitrite, DEA NONOate, and Angeli's salt reduced the tubulin polymerization activity to a greater extent than GSNO, SIN-1, and SNAP. Additionally, SIN-1, peroxynitrite, and Angeli's salt impaired the ability of tau to promote microtubule assembly. Next, nitrosative stress biomarkers 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and S-nitrosylated cysteine (SNO-Cys) were immunolabeled in facial nerves. Both biomarkers were highly upregulated in proximal and distal stumps of reconnected facial nerves at 3 days and 1 week after neurorrhaphy. Notably, the expression of 3-NT was greatly reduced at 2 weeks, whereas that of SNO-Cys was maintained. Conversely, inhibition of NO production with L-NAME prevented the upregulation of SNO-Cys. Further, we used tubulins and tau extracted from facial nerves of sham-operated, nerve suture + vehicle treatment, and nerve suture + L-NAME treatment rats to perform microtubule assembly assay. We found that L-NAME treatment enhanced polymerization activity of tubulins and ability of tau to promote microtubule assembly. It is noteworthy that α-tubulin plays a more important role than β-tubulin since the activity of microtubule assembly using α-tubulin extracted from L-NAME-treated rats was greatly elevated, whereas that using β-tubulin extracted from L-NAME-treated rats was not. Overall, our findings support that inhibition of NO production reduces nitrosative stress, and may thus facilitate microtubule assembly and facial nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yin Yeh
- Department of Anatomy, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan; Master Program in Medical Physiology, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan.
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29
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Khan MI, Gilpin K, Hasan F, Mahmud KAHA, Adnan A. Effect of Strain Rate on Single Tau, Dimerized Tau and Tau-Microtubule Interface: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1308. [PMID: 34572521 PMCID: PMC8472149 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein (MAP) tau is a cross-linking molecule that provides structural stability to axonal microtubules (MT). It is considered a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia, and other neurological disorders. It is also a signature protein for Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) assessment. In the case of TBI, extreme dynamic mechanical energies can be felt by the axonal cytoskeletal members. As such, fundamental understandings of the responses of single tau protein, polymerized tau protein, and tau-microtubule interfaces under high-rate mechanical forces are important. This study attempts to determine the high-strain rate mechanical behavior of single tau, dimerized tau, and tau-MT interface using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results show that a single tau protein is a highly stretchable soft polymer. During deformation, first, it significantly unfolds against van der Waals and electrostatic bonds. Then it stretches against strong covalent bonds. We found that tau acts as a viscoelastic material, and its stiffness increases with the strain rate. The unfolding stiffness can be ~50-500 MPa, while pure stretching stiffness can be >2 GPa. The dimerized tau model exhibits similar behavior under similar strain rates, and tau sliding from another tau is not observed until it is stretched to >7 times of original length, depending on the strain rate. The tau-MT interface simulations show that very high strain and strain rates are required to separate tau from MT suggesting Tau-MT bonding is stronger than MT subunit bonding between themselves. The dimerized tau-MT interface simulations suggest that tau-tau bonding is stronger than tau-MT bonding. In summary, this study focuses on the structural response of individual cytoskeletal components, namely microtubule (MT) and tau protein. Furthermore, we consider not only the individual response of a component, but also their interaction with each other (such as tau with tau or tau with MT). This study will eventually pave the way to build a bottom-up multiscale brain model and analyze TBI more comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ishak Khan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (M.I.K.); (F.H.); (K.A.H.A.M.)
| | - Kathleen Gilpin
- Academic Partnership and Engagement Experiment (APEX), Wright State Applied Research Corporation, Beavercreek, OH 45431, USA;
| | - Fuad Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (M.I.K.); (F.H.); (K.A.H.A.M.)
| | - Khandakar Abu Hasan Al Mahmud
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (M.I.K.); (F.H.); (K.A.H.A.M.)
| | - Ashfaq Adnan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (M.I.K.); (F.H.); (K.A.H.A.M.)
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30
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Inaba H, Matsuura K. Modulation of Microtubule Properties and Functions by Encapsulation of Nanomaterials Using a Tau-Derived Peptide. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Inaba
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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31
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Zhang H, Cao Y, Ma L, Wei Y, Li H. Possible Mechanisms of Tau Spread and Toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:707268. [PMID: 34395435 PMCID: PMC8355602 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.707268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a protein that associates with microtubules (MTs) and promotes their assembly and stability. The protein loses its ability to bind MTs in tauopathies, and detached tau can misfold and induce the pathological changes that characterize Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A growing body of evidence indicates that tauopathies can spread between cells or connected regions. Pathological tau transmission in the brain of patients with AD and other tauopathies is due to the spread of various tau species along neuroanatomically connected regions in a “prion-like” manner. This complex process involves multiple steps of secretion, cellular uptake, transcellular transfer, and/or seeding, but the precise mechanisms of tau pathology propagation remain unclear. This review summarizes the current evidence on the nature of propagative tau species and the possible steps involved in the process of tau pathology spread, including detachment from MTs, degradations, and secretion, and discusses the different mechanisms underlying the spread of tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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LMBD1 protein participates in cell mitosis by regulating microtubule assembly. Biochem J 2021; 478:2321-2337. [PMID: 34076705 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
LMBD1 was previously demonstrated to regulate the endocytosis of insulin receptor on the cell surface and to mediate the export of cobalamin from the lysosomes to the cytosol, but little is known about its function in mitosis. In this study, interactome analysis data indicate that LMBD1 is involved in cytoskeleton regulation. Both immunoprecipitation and GST pulldown assays demonstrated the association of LMBD1 with tubulin. Immunofluorescence staining also showed the colocalization of LMBD1 with microtubule in both interphase and mitotic cells. LMBD1 specifically accelerates microtubule assembly dynamics in vitro and antagonizes the microtubule-disruptive effect of vinblastine. In addition, LMBRD1-knockdown impairs mitotic spindle formation, inhibits tubulin polymerization, and diminishes the mitosis-associated tubulin acetylation. The reduced acetylation can be reversed by ectopic expression of LMBD1 protein. These results suggest that LMBD1 protein stabilizes microtubule intermediates. Furthermore, embryonic fibroblasts derived from Lmbrd1 heterozygous knockout mice showed abnormality in microtubule formation, mitosis, and cell growth. Taken together, LMBD1 plays a pivotal role in regulating microtubule assembly that is essential for the process of cell mitosis.
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33
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Barbolina MV. Dichotomous role of microtubule associated protein tau as a biomarker of response to and a target for increasing efficacy of taxane treatment in cancers of epithelial origin. Pharmacol Res 2021; 168:105585. [PMID: 33798735 PMCID: PMC8165012 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and the World Health Organization estimates that one in six deaths globally is due to cancer. Chemotherapy is one of the major modalities used to treat advanced cancers and their metastasis. However, the existence of acquired and intrinsic resistance to anti-cancer drugs often diminishes their therapeutic effect. In order to pre-select patients who could benefit the most from these treatments, the efforts of many research groups have been focused on identification of biomarkers of therapy response. Taxanes paclitaxel (Taxol) and docetaxel (Taxotere) have been introduced as chemotherapy for treatment of cancers of ovary in 1992 and breast in 1996, respectively. Since then, clinical use of taxanes has expanded to include lung, prostate, gastric, head and neck, esophageal, pancreatic, and cervical cancers, as well as Kaposi sarcoma. Several independent molecular mechanisms have been shown to support taxane chemoresistance. One such mechanism is dependent on microtubule associated protein tau. Tau binds to the same site on the inner side of the microtubules that is also occupied by paclitaxel or docetaxel, and several studies have demonstrated that low/no tau expression significantly correlated with better response to the taxane treatment, suggesting that levels of tau expression could have a predictive value in pre-selecting patient cohorts that are likely to benefit from the treatment. However, several other studies have found no correlation between tau expression and taxane response, introducing a controversy and precluding its wide use as a predictive biomarker. Based on the knowledge of tau biology accumulated thus far, in this review we attempt to critically analyze the studies that evaluated tau as a biomarker of taxane response. Further, we identify yet unknown aspects of tau biology understanding of which is necessary for improvement of development of tau as a biomarker of response and a target for increasing response to taxane treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Barbolina
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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34
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Carli ALE, Afshar-Sterle S, Rai A, Fang H, O'Keefe R, Tse J, Ferguson FM, Gray NS, Ernst M, Greening DW, Buchert M. Cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 reprograms small extracellular vesicles toward migratory phenotype in gastric cancer cells. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000098. [PMID: 33991177 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a putative cancer stem cell marker, a promising diagnostic and prognostic maker for malignant tumors and a proposed driver gene for gastric cancer (GC). DCLK1 overexpression in a majority of solid cancers correlates with lymph node metastases, advanced disease and overall poor-prognosis. In cancer cells, DCLK1 expression has been shown to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), driving disruption of cell-cell adhesion, cell migration and invasion. Here, we report that DCLK1 influences small extracellular vesicle (sEV/exosome) biogenesis in a kinase-dependent manner. sEVs isolated from DCLK1 overexpressing human GC cell line MKN1 (MKN1OE -sEVs), promote the migration of parental (non-transfected) MKN1 cells (MKN1PAR ). Quantitative proteome analysis of MKN1OE -sEVs revealed enrichment in migratory and adhesion regulators (STRAP, CORO1B, BCAM, COL3A, CCN1) in comparison to MKN1PAR -sEVs. Moreover, using DCLK1-IN-1, a specific small molecule inhibitor of DCLK1, we reversed the increase in sEV size and concentration in contrast to other EV subtypes, as well as kinase-dependent cargo selection of proteins involved in EV biogenesis (KTN1, CHMP1A, MYO1G) and migration and adhesion processes (STRAP, CCN1). Our findings highlight a specific role of DCLK1-kinase dependent cargo selection for sEVs and shed new light on its role as a regulator of signaling in gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa L E Carli
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shoukat Afshar-Sterle
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Molecular Proteomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Molecular Proteomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryan O'Keefe
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Janson Tse
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fleur M Ferguson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Molecular Proteomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Dixit H, Kumar C S, Chaudhary R, Thaker D, Gadewal N, Dasgupta D. Role of Phosphorylation and Hyperphosphorylation of Tau in Its Interaction with βα Dimeric Tubulin Studied from a Bioinformatics Perspective. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2021; 13:24-34. [PMID: 33680370 PMCID: PMC7903436 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v13i1.4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tau is a disordered Microtubule Associated Protein (MAP) which prefers to bind and stabilize microtubules. Phosphorylation of tau in particular enhances tautubulin interaction which otherwise detaches from tubulin during hyperphosphorylation. The reason behind their destabilization, detachment and the role of β subunit (from microtubule) and the projection domain (Tau) in microtubule stability remains elusive till date. Thus, a complete 3D structural investigation of tau protein is much needed to address these queries as the existing crystal structures are in fragments and quite limited. Methods: In this study, the modelled human tau protein was subjected to phosphorylation and hyperphosphorylation which were later considered for docking with micro-tubules (βα subunits-inter dimer) and vinblastine. Results: Phosphorylated tau protein interacts with both α- and β subunits. But stronger bonding was with α- compared to β subunits. Regarding β subunit, proline rich loop and projection domain actively participated in tau binding. Interestingly, hyperphosphorylation of tau increases MAP domain flexibility which ultimately results in tau detachment, the main reason behind tangle formation in Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusion: This study being the first of its kind emphasizes the role of projection domain and proline rich region of β-subunit in stabilizing the tau-tubulin interaction and also the effect of hyperphosphorylation in protein-protein and protein-drug binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrushikesh Dixit
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Selvaa Kumar C
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Ruchi Chaudhary
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Divya Thaker
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nikhil Gadewal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Debjani Dasgupta
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, India
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Goedert M, Spillantini MG, Falcon B, Zhang W, Newell KL, Hasegawa M, Scheres SHW, Ghetti B. Tau Protein and Frontotemporal Dementias. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1281:177-199. [PMID: 33433876 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51140-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous inclusions of tau protein are found in cases of inherited and sporadic frontotemporal dementias (FTDs). Mutations in MAPT, the tau gene, cause approximately 5% of cases of FTD. They proved that dysfunction of tau protein is sufficient to cause neurodegeneration and dementia. Clinically and pathologically, cases with MAPT mutations can resemble sporadic diseases, such as Pick's disease, globular glial tauopathy, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. The structures of tau filaments from Pick's disease and corticobasal degeneration, determined by electron cryo-microscopy, revealed the presence of specific tau folds in each disease, with no inter-individual variation. The same was true of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kathy L Newell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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37
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Microtubule Dysfunction: A Common Feature of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197354. [PMID: 33027950 PMCID: PMC7582320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are particularly susceptible to microtubule (MT) defects and deregulation of the MT cytoskeleton is considered to be a common insult during the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence that dysfunctions in the MT system have a direct role in neurodegeneration comes from findings that several forms of neurodegenerative diseases are associated with changes in genes encoding tubulins, the structural units of MTs, MT-associated proteins (MAPs), or additional factors such as MT modifying enzymes which modulating tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate MT functions and dynamics. Efforts to use MT-targeting therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are underway. Many of these agents have provided several benefits when tested on both in vitro and in vivo neurodegenerative model systems. Currently, the most frequently addressed therapeutic interventions include drugs that modulate MT stability or that target tubulin PTMs, such as tubulin acetylation. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the relevance of MT dysfunctions to the process of neurodegeneration and briefly discuss advances in the use of MT-targeting drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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38
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Goedert M. Tau proteinopathies and the prion concept. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 175:239-259. [PMID: 32958235 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ordered assembly of a small number of proteins into amyloid filaments is central to age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Tau is the most commonly affected of these proteins. In sporadic diseases, assemblies of tau form in a stochastic manner in certain brain regions, from where they appear to spread in a deterministic way, giving rise to disease symptoms. Over the past decade, multiple lines of evidence have shown that assembled tau behaves like a prion. More recently, electron cryo-microscopy of tau filaments has shown that distinct conformers are present in different diseases, with no inter-individual variation for a given disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Goedert
- MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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39
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Ahmad W, Shabbiri K, Ahmad I. Prediction of human tau 3D structure, and interplay between O-β-GlcNAc and phosphorylation modifications in Alzheimer's disease: C. elegans as a suitable model to study these interactions in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:466-472. [PMID: 32499112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tau protein regulates, maintains and stabilizes microtubule assembly under normal physiological conditions. In certain pathological circumstances, tau is post-translationally modified predominantly via phosphorylation and glycosylation. Hyper-phosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) resulted in aggregated neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formation. Unfortunately, absence of tau 3D structure makes difficult to understand exact mechanism involved in tau pathology. Here by using ab-initio modelling, we predicted a tau 3D structure that not only explains its binding with microtubules but also elucidates NFTs formation. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-β-GlcNAc) is thought to regulate tau phosphorylation on single or proximal Ser/Thr residues (called as Yin-Yang sites). In this study, we not only validate the previously described three-serine residues (208, 238 and 400) as Yin-Yang sites but also predicted 22 more possible Ser/Thr O-glycosylation sites. Among them seventeen residues were predicted as possible Yin-Yang sites and are proposed to mediate NFT formation in AD. These predicted Yin-Yang sites may act as attractive therapeutic targets for the drug development in AD. Predicted 3D structure of tau441 was highly accessible for phosphorylation and hyperphosphorylation, and showed higher surface accessibility for interplay between O-β-GlcNAc and phosphorylation modifications. Kinases and phosphatases involved in tau phosphorylation are conserved in human and other organisms. Homology modelling revealed conserved catalytic domain for both human and C. elegans O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), suggesting that transgenic C. elegans expressing human tau may be a suitable model system to study these modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Khadija Shabbiri
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
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40
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Cheng R, Xu T, Zhang Y, Wang F, Zhao L, Jiang Y, He F. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 Can Affect Development of Hippocampal Neurons Cultured In Vitro in a Strain-Dependent Manner. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 12:589-599. [PMID: 31286435 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 (TMC3115) could morphologically or physiologically influence hippocampal neuronal development in vitro. Hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro were exposed to live or heat-inactivated LGG or TMC3115 for either 6 or 24 h. Neuronal morphological changes and drebrin (DRB) and synaptophysin (SYP) protein levels were monitored using immunofluorescence. And the levels of DRB, SYP, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) mRNA were detected using RT-PCR. The BDNF, CREB, and phosphorylated-CREB (P-CREB) protein levels were detected by extraction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western blot assays. Heat-inactivated LGG and TMC3115 could enhance neuron viability, DRB and SYP protein levels, and BDNF mRNA level were significantly altered after exposure to the tested bacteria with 6 h or 24 h. There were no significant differences in neuronal morphology or DRB, SYP, or CREB mRNA levels among the groups following bacterial exposure. However, following exposure of live TMC3115 for 24 h, the neuronal BDNF and P-CREB protein levels were both significantly up-regulated as detected by western blot assays. These results demonstrated that LGG and TMC3115 could affect neuronal viability, along with hippocampal synaptic and functional development, in a strain-dependent manner, which may also be closely associated with the physiological and culture conditions of each strain. Up-regulated P-CREB may be one of the underlying mechanisms by which the bacteria, especially neurons following exposure of live TMC3115 for 24 h, are able to regulate neuronal BDNF protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsen Zhao
- Hebei Inatural Biotech Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Bugiel M, Chugh M, Jachowski TJ, Schäffer E, Jannasch A. The Kinesin-8 Kip3 Depolymerizes Microtubules with a Collective Force-Dependent Mechanism. Biophys J 2020; 118:1958-1967. [PMID: 32229316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are highly dynamic filaments with dramatic structural rearrangements and length changes during the cell cycle. An accurate control of the microtubule length is essential for many cellular processes, in particular during cell division. Motor proteins from the kinesin-8 family depolymerize microtubules by interacting with their ends in a collective and length-dependent manner. However, it is still unclear how kinesin-8 depolymerizes microtubules. Here, we tracked the microtubule end-binding activity of yeast kinesin-8, Kip3, under varying loads and nucleotide conditions using high-precision optical tweezers. We found that single Kip3 motors spent up to 200 s at the microtubule end and were not stationary there but took several 8-nm forward and backward steps that were suppressed by loads. Interestingly, increased loads, similar to increased motor concentrations, also exponentially decreased the motors' residence time at the microtubule end. On the microtubule lattice, loads also exponentially decreased the run length and time. However, for the same load, lattice run times were significantly longer compared to end residence times, suggesting the presence of a distinct force-dependent detachment mechanism at the microtubule end. The force dependence of the end residence time enabled us to estimate what force must act on a single motor to achieve the microtubule depolymerization speed of a motor ensemble. This force is higher than the stall force of a single Kip3 motor, supporting a collective force-dependent depolymerization mechanism that unifies the so-called "bump-off" and "switching" models. Understanding the mechanics of kinesin-8's microtubule end activity will provide important insights into cell division with implications for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bugiel
- Cellular Nanoscience, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mayank Chugh
- Cellular Nanoscience, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Jörg Jachowski
- Cellular Nanoscience, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erik Schäffer
- Cellular Nanoscience, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Anita Jannasch
- Cellular Nanoscience, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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42
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Monroy BY, Tan TC, Oclaman JM, Han JS, Simó S, Niwa S, Nowakowski DW, McKenney RJ, Ori-McKenney KM. A Combinatorial MAP Code Dictates Polarized Microtubule Transport. Dev Cell 2020; 53:60-72.e4. [PMID: 32109385 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Many eukaryotic cells distribute their intracellular components asymmetrically through regulated active transport driven by molecular motors along microtubule tracks. While intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of motor activity exists, what governs the overall distribution of activated motor-cargo complexes within cells remains unclear. Here, we utilize in vitro reconstitution of purified motor proteins and non-enzymatic microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to demonstrate that MAPs exhibit distinct influences on the motility of the three main classes of transport motors: kinesin-1, kinesin-3, and cytoplasmic dynein. Further, we dissect how combinations of MAPs affect motors and unveil MAP9 as a positive modulator of kinesin-3 motility. From these data, we propose a general "MAP code" that has the capacity to strongly bias directed movement along microtubules and helps elucidate the intricate intracellular sorting observed in highly polarized cells such as neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette Y Monroy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tracy C Tan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Janah May Oclaman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jisoo S Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shinsuke Niwa
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | | | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kassandra M Ori-McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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43
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Fung HYJ, McKibben KM, Ramirez J, Gupta K, Rhoades E. Structural Characterization of Tau in Fuzzy Tau:Tubulin Complexes. Structure 2020; 28:378-384.e4. [PMID: 31995742 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tau is a neuronal microtubule (MT)-associated protein of significant interest due to its association with several neurodegenerative disorders. Tau's intrinsic disorder and the dynamic nature of its interactions with tubulin and MTs make its structural characterization challenging. Here, we use an environmentally sensitive fluorophore as a site-specific probe of tau bound to soluble tubulin. Comparison of our results with a recently published tau:MT cryoelectron microscopy model reveals structural similarities between tubulin- and MT-bound tau. Analysis of residues across the repeat regions reveals a hierarchy in tubulin occupancy, which may be relevant to tau's ability to differentiate between tubulin and MTs. As binding to soluble tubulin is a critical first step in MT polymerization, our characterization of the structural features of tau in dynamic, fuzzy tau:tubulin assemblies advances our understanding of how tau functions in the cell and how function may be disrupted in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yee Joyce Fung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristen M McKibben
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Ramirez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kushol Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rhoades
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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44
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Hu Y, Lyu W, Lowery LA, Koleske AJ. Regulation of MT dynamics via direct binding of an Abl family kinase. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3986-3997. [PMID: 31699690 PMCID: PMC6891085 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201812144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies revealed that Abl family kinases interact functionally with microtubules, but the mechanism by which Abl kinases regulate microtubules remains unclear. Hu et al. provide the first evidence that the Abl family kinase Abl2 directly binds microtubules to regulate microtubule dynamics. Abl family kinases are essential regulators of cell shape and movement. Genetic studies revealed functional interactions between Abl kinases and microtubules (MTs), but the mechanism by which Abl family kinases regulate MTs remains unclear. Here, we report that Abl2 directly binds to MTs and regulates MT behaviors. Abl2 uses its C-terminal half to bind MTs, an interaction mediated in part through electrostatic binding to tubulin C-terminal tails. Using purified proteins, we found that Abl2 binds growing MTs and promotes MT polymerization and stability. In cells, knockout of Abl2 significantly impairs MT growth, and this defect can be rescued via reexpression of Abl2. Stable reexpression of an Abl2 fragment containing the MT-binding domain alone was sufficient to restore MT growth at the cell edge. These results show Abl2 uses its C-terminal half to bind MTs and directly regulate MT dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Wanqing Lyu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Anthony J Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT .,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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45
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Aiken J, Buscaglia G, Aiken AS, Moore JK, Bates EA. Tubulin mutations in brain development disorders: Why haploinsufficiency does not explain TUBA1A tubulinopathies. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 77:40-54. [PMID: 31574570 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal cytoskeleton performs incredible feats during nervous system development. Extension of neuronal processes, migration, and synapse formation rely on the proper regulation of microtubules. Mutations that disrupt the primary α-tubulin expressed during brain development, TUBA1A, are associated with a spectrum of human brain malformations. One model posits that TUBA1A mutations lead to a reduction in tubulin subunits available for microtubule polymerization, which represents a haploinsufficiency mechanism. We propose an alternative model for the majority of tubulinopathy mutations, in which the mutant tubulin polymerizes into the microtubule lattice to dominantly "poison" microtubule function. Nine distinct α-tubulin and ten β-tubulin genes have been identified in the human genome. These genes encode similar tubulin proteins, called isotypes. Multiple tubulin isotypes may partially compensate for heterozygous deletion of a tubulin gene, but may not overcome the disruption caused by missense mutations that dominantly alter microtubule function. Here, we describe disorders attributed to haploinsufficiency versus dominant negative mechanisms to demonstrate the hallmark features of each disorder. We summarize literature on mouse models that represent both knockout and point mutants in tubulin genes, with an emphasis on how these mutations might provide insight into the nature of tubulinopathy patient mutations. Finally, we present data from a panel of TUBA1A tubulinopathy mutations generated in yeast α-tubulin that demonstrate that α-tubulin mutants can incorporate into the microtubule network and support viability of yeast growth. This perspective on tubulinopathy mutations draws on previous studies and additional data to provide a fresh perspective on how TUBA1A mutations disrupt neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Aiken
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Georgia Buscaglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - A Sophie Aiken
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jeffrey K Moore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily A Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Xia Y, Sorrentino ZA, Kim JD, Strang KH, Riffe CJ, Giasson BI. Impaired tau-microtubule interactions are prevalent among pathogenic tau variants arising from missense mutations. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18488-18503. [PMID: 31653695 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
tau is a microtubule (MT)-associated protein that promotes tubulin assembly and stabilizes MTs by binding longitudinally along the MT surface. tau can aberrantly aggregate into pathological inclusions that define Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementias, and other tauopathies. A spectrum of missense mutations in the tau-encoding gene microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) can cause frontotemporal dementias. tau aggregation is postulated to spread by a prion-like mechanism. Using a cell-based inclusion seeding assay, we recently reported that only a few tau variants are intrinsically prone to this type of aggregation. Here, we extended these studies to additional tau mutants and investigated their MT binding properties in mammalian cell-based assays. A limited number of tau variants exhibited modest aggregation propensity in vivo, but most tau mutants did not aggregate. Reduced MT binding appeared to be the most common dysfunction for the majority of tau variants due to missense mutations, implying that MT-targeting therapies could potentially be effective in the management of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Xia
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Zachary A Sorrentino
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Justin D Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Kevin H Strang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Cara J Riffe
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610.
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47
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Mroczko B, Groblewska M, Litman-Zawadzka A. The Role of Protein Misfolding and Tau Oligomers (TauOs) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4661. [PMID: 31547024 PMCID: PMC6802364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the causative role of the accumulation of amyloid β 1-42 (Aβ42) deposits in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been under debate for many years, it is supposed that the toxicity soluble oligomers of Tau protein (TauOs) might be also the pathogenic factor acting on the initial stages of this disease. Therefore, we performed a thorough search for literature pertaining to our investigation via the MEDLINE/PubMed database. It was shown that soluble TauOs, especially granular forms, may be the most toxic form of this protein. Hyperphosphorylated TauOs can reduce the number of synapses by missorting into axonal compartments of neurons other than axon. Furthermore, soluble TauOs may be also responsible for seeding Tau pathology within AD brains, with probable link to AβOs toxicity. Additionally, the concentrations of TauOs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of AD patients were higher than in non-demented controls, and revealed a negative correlation with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores. It was postulated that adding the measurements of TauOs to the panel of CSF biomarkers could improve the diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Groblewska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Ala Litman-Zawadzka
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland.
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Hervy J, Bicout DJ. Dynamical decoration of stabilized-microtubules by Tau-proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12473. [PMID: 31462746 PMCID: PMC6713733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that regulates axonal transport, stabilizes and spatially organizes microtubules in parallel networks. The Tau-microtubule pair is crucial for maintaining the architecture and integrity of axons. Therefore, it is essential to understand how these two entities interact to ensure and modulate the normal axonal functions. Based on evidence from several published experiments, we have developed a two-dimensional model that describes the interaction between a population of Tau proteins and a stabilized microtubule at the scale of the tubulin dimers (binding sites) as an adsorption-desorption dynamical process in which Tau can bind on the microtubule outer surface via two distinct modes: a longitudinal (along a protofilament) and lateral (across adjacent protofilaments) modes. Such a process yields a dynamical distribution of Tau molecules on the microtubule surface referred to as microtubule decoration that we have characterized at the equilibrium using two observables: the total microtubule surface coverage with Tau's and the distribution of nearest neighbors Tau's. Using both analytical and numerical approaches, we have derived expressions and computed these observables as a function of key parameters controlling the binding reaction: the stoichiometries of the Taus in the two binding modes, the associated dissociation constants and the ratio of the Tau concentration to that of microtubule tubulin dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Hervy
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Physics and Modelling of Condensed Matter, Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique J Bicout
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France.
- EPSP, TIMC Laboratory, UMR CNRS 5525 Grenoble Alpes University, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble, France.
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Bhandare VV, Kumbhar BV, Kunwar A. Differential binding affinity of tau repeat region R2 with neuronal-specific β-tubulin isotypes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10795. [PMID: 31346240 PMCID: PMC6658543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein whose C-terminal domain consisting of four repeat regions R1, R2, R3 and R4 binds to microtubules to stabilize them. In several neurodegenerative diseases, tau detaches from microtubules to form insoluble aggregates leading to tauopathy. Microtubules are made up of αβ tubulin subunits. Seven α-tubulin and nine β-tubulin isotypes have been reported to be present in humans till date. These tubulin isotypes show residue composition variations mainly at C-terminal region and bind to motor proteins and anti-mitotic drugs differently. These tubulin isotypes show tissue specific expression as their relative proportion varies significantly in different type of cells. It is also known that tau binds differently to different cell lines and can either promote or demote microtubule polymerization. However, the relative binding affinity of tau to the different β-tubulin isotypes present in different cell lines is completely unknown. Here, we study relative binding affinity of Tau repeat region R2 to neuronal specific tubulin isotypes βI, βIIb, and βIII using molecular modelling approach. The order of binding energy of tau with tubulin is βIII > βIIb > βI. Our strategy can be potentially adapted to understand differential binding affinity of tau towards β-tubulin isotypes present in other cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwambhar Vishnu Bhandare
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bajarang Vasant Kumbhar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ambarish Kunwar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India.
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Yeboah F, Kim TE, Bill A, Dettmer U. Dynamic behaviors of α-synuclein and tau in the cellular context: New mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104543. [PMID: 31351173 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αS) and tau have a lot in common. Dyshomeostasis and aggregation of both proteins are central in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases: Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multi-system atrophy and other 'synucleinopathies' in the case of αS; Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy and other 'tauopathies' in the case of tau. The aggregated states of αS and tau are found to be (hyper)phosphorylated, but the relevance of the phosphorylation in health or disease is not well understood. Both tau and αS are typically characterized as 'intrinsically disordered' proteins, while both engage in transient interactions with cellular components, thereby undergoing structural changes and context-specific folding. αS transiently binds to (synaptic) vesicles forming a membrane-induced amphipathic helix; tau transiently interacts with microtubules forming an 'extended structure'. The regulation and exact nature of the interactions are not fully understood. Here we review recent and previous insights into the dynamic, transient nature of αS and tau with regard to the mode of interaction with their targets, the dwell-time while bound, and the cis and trans factors underlying the frequent switching between bound and unbound states. These aspects are intimately linked to hypotheses on how subtle changes in the transient behaviors may trigger the earliest steps in the pathogenesis of the respective brain diseases. Based on a deeper understanding of transient αS and tau conformations in the cellular context, new therapeutic strategies may emerge, and it may become clearer why existing approaches have failed or how they could be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Yeboah
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anke Bill
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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