1
|
Yau E, Yang L, Chen Y, Umstead TM, Stanley AE, Halstead ES, Gandhi CK, Yewdell JW, Chroneos ZC. SP-R210 isoforms of Myosin18A modulate endosomal sorting and recognition of influenza A virus infection in macrophages. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105280. [PMID: 38135024 PMCID: PMC10948314 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes acute and often lethal inflammation in the lung. The role of macrophages in this adverse inflammation is partially understood. The surfactant protein A receptor 210 (SP-R210) consists of two isoforms, a long (L) SP-R210L and a short (S) SP-R210S isoform encoded by alternative splicing of the myosin 18A gene. We reported that disruption of SP-R210L enhances cytosolic and endosomal antiviral response pathways. Here, we report that SP-R210L antagonizes type I interferon β (IFNβ), as depletion of SP-R210L potentiates IFNβ secretion. SP-R210 antibodies enhance and attenuate IFNβ secretion in SP-R210L replete and deficient macrophages, respectively, indicating that SP-R210 isoform stoichiometry alters macrophage function intrinsically. This reciprocal response is coupled to unopposed and restricted expression of viral genes in control and SP-R210L-deficient macrophages, respectively. Human monocytic cells with sub-stoichiometric expression of SP-R210L resist IAV infection, whereas alveolar macrophages with increased abundance of SP-R210L permit viral gene expression similar to murine macrophages. Uptake and membrane binding studies show that lack of SP-R210 isoforms does not impair IAV binding and internalization. Lack of SP-R210L, however, results in macropinocytic retention of the virus that depends on both SP-R210S and interferon-inducible transmembrane protein-3 (IFITM3). Mass spectrometry and Western blot analyses indicate that SP-R210 isoforms modulate differential recruitment of the Rho-family GTPase RAC1 and guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Our study suggests that SP-R210 isoforms modulate RAC-dependent macropinosomal sorting of IAV to discrete endosomal and lysosomal compartments that either permit or prevent endolysosomal escape and inflammatory sensing of viral genomes in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Anne E Stanley
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - E Scott Halstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chintan K Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Zhang Q, He T, Wang Y, Lu T, Wang Z, Wang Y, Lin S, Yang K, Wang X, Xie J, Zhou Y, Hong Y, Liu WH, Mao K, Cheng SC, Chen X, Li Q, Xiao N. The transcription factor Zeb1 controls homeostasis and function of type 1 conventional dendritic cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6639. [PMID: 37863917 PMCID: PMC10589231 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) are the most efficient cross-presenting cells that induce protective cytotoxic T cell response. However, the regulation of their homeostasis and function is incompletely understood. Here we observe a selective reduction of splenic cDC1 accompanied by excessive cell death in mice with Zeb1 deficiency in dendritic cells, rendering the mice more resistant to Listeria infection. Additionally, cDC1 from other sources of Zeb1-deficient mice display impaired cross-presentation of exogenous antigens, compromising antitumor CD8+ T cell responses. Mechanistically, Zeb1 represses the expression of microRNA-96/182 that target Cybb mRNA of NADPH oxidase Nox2, and consequently facilitates reactive-oxygen-species-dependent rupture of phagosomal membrane to allow antigen export to the cytosol. Cybb re-expression in Zeb1-deficient cDC1 fully restores the defective cross-presentation while microRNA-96/182 overexpression in Zeb1-sufficient cDC1 inhibits cross-presentation. Therefore, our results identify a Zeb1-microRNA-96/182-Cybb pathway that controls cross-presentation in cDC1 and uncover an essential role of Zeb1 in cDC1 homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Tingting He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yechen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Zengge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Shen Lin
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Kang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yazhen Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Wen-Hsien Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Kairui Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Shih-Chin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Qiyuan Li
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China.
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| | - Nengming Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Blander JM, Yee Mon KJ, Jha A, Roycroft D. The show and tell of cross-presentation. Adv Immunol 2023; 159:33-114. [PMID: 37996207 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cross-presentation is the culmination of complex subcellular processes that allow the processing of exogenous proteins and the presentation of resultant peptides on major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) molecules to CD8 T cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a cell type that uniquely specializes in cross-presentation, mainly in the context of viral or non-viral infection and cancer. DCs have an extensive network of endovesicular pathways that orchestrate the biogenesis of an ideal cross-presentation compartment where processed antigen, MHC-I molecules, and the MHC-I peptide loading machinery all meet. As a central conveyor of information to CD8 T cells, cross-presentation allows cross-priming of T cells which carry out robust adaptive immune responses for tumor and viral clearance. Cross-presentation can be canonical or noncanonical depending on the functional status of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), which in turn influences the vesicular route of MHC-I delivery to internalized antigen and the cross-presented repertoire of peptides. Because TAP is a central node in MHC-I presentation, it is targeted by immune evasive viruses and cancers. Thus, understanding the differences between canonical and noncanonical cross-presentation may inform new therapeutic avenues against cancer and infectious disease. Defects in cross-presentation on a cellular and genetic level lead to immune-related disease progression, recurrent infection, and cancer progression. In this chapter, we review the process of cross-presentation beginning with the DC subsets that conduct cross-presentation, the signals that regulate cross-presentation, the vesicular trafficking pathways that orchestrate cross-presentation, the modes of cross-presentation, and ending with disease contexts where cross-presentation plays a role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Magarian Blander
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Programs, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Kristel Joy Yee Mon
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Atimukta Jha
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dylan Roycroft
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Henry CM, Castellanos CA, Reis E Sousa C. DNGR-1-mediated cross-presentation of dead cell-associated antigens. Semin Immunol 2023; 66:101726. [PMID: 36758378 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells type 1 (cDC1) are critical for inducing protective CD8+ T cell responses to tumour and viral antigens. In many instances, cDC1 access those antigens in the form of material internalised from dying tumour or virally-infected cells. How cDC1 extract dead cell-associated antigens and cross-present them in the form of peptides bound to MHC class I molecules to CD8+ T cells remains unclear. Here we review the biology of dendritic cell natural killer group receptor-1 (DNGR-1; also known as CLEC9A), a C-type lectin receptor highly expressed on cDC1 that plays a key role in this process. We highlight recent advances that support a function for DNGR-1 signalling in promoting inducible rupture of phagocytic or endocytic compartments containing dead cell debris, thereby making dead cell-associated antigens accessible to the endogenous MHC class I processing and presentation machinery of cDC1. We further review how DNGR-1 detects dead cells, as well as the functions of the receptor in anti-viral and anti-tumour immunity. Finally, we highlight how the study of DNGR-1 has opened new perspectives into cross-presentation, some of which may have applications in immunotherapy of cancer and vaccination against viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conor M Henry
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Carlos A Castellanos
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Caetano Reis E Sousa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao S, Si M, Deng X, Wang D, Kong L, Zhang Q. HCV inhibits M2a, M2b and M2c macrophage polarization via HCV core protein engagement with Toll‑like receptor 2. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:522. [PMID: 35837038 PMCID: PMC9257937 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Si
- Department of Foreign Languages, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Xianpei Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Dengqin Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Lingbin Kong
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Childs E, Henry CM, Canton J, Reis e Sousa C. Maintenance and loss of endocytic organelle integrity: mechanisms and implications for antigen cross-presentation. Open Biol 2021; 11:210194. [PMID: 34753318 PMCID: PMC8580422 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The membranes of endosomes, phagosomes and macropinosomes can become damaged by the physical properties of internalized cargo, by active pathogenic invasion or by cellular processes, including endocytic maturation. Loss of membrane integrity is often deleterious and is, therefore, prevented by mitigation and repair mechanisms. However, it can occasionally be beneficial and actively induced by cells. Here, we summarize the mechanisms by which cells, in particular phagocytes, try to prevent membrane damage and how, when this fails, they repair or destroy damaged endocytic organelles. We also detail how one type of phagocyte, the dendritic cell, can deliberately trigger localized damage to endocytic organelles to allow for major histocompatibility complex class I presentation of exogenous antigens and initiation of CD8+ T-cell responses to viruses and tumours. Our review highlights mechanisms for the regulation of endocytic organelle membrane integrity at the intersection of cell biology and immunology that could be co-opted for improving vaccination and intracellular drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Childs
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Conor M. Henry
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Johnathan Canton
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caetano Reis e Sousa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu M. Immunological perspectives on spatial and temporal vaccine delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113966. [PMID: 34506868 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The so-called rational design of vaccines has been a very attractive concept and also an important direction for vaccine research and development. However, the underlying rationales, especially on the immunological aspect, remain less systemically and deeply understood. Given the critical role of lymph nodes (LNs) in the induction of B and T cell responses upon vaccination, LN targeting has been a popular strategy in vaccine design. The LN is a highly organized structure; induction of adaptive immune response is highly orchestrated by various types of LN stromal cells and hematopoietic immune cells both spatially and temporally. Thus, not only LN targeting, but also cellular targeting and even subcellular compartment targeting should be considered for specifically enhanced vaccine efficacy. Moreover, temporal control of vaccine antigen and adjuvant delivery may also optimize the immune response.
Collapse
|
8
|
McDonnell AM, Currie AJ, Brown M, Kania K, Wylie B, Cleaver A, Lake R, Robinson BWS. Tumor cells, rather than dendritic cells, deliver antigen to the lymph node for cross-presentation. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:840-846. [PMID: 23162751 PMCID: PMC3489739 DOI: 10.4161/onci.20493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that generation of tumor specific CD8+ T-cell responses occur via cross-priming; however the source of tumor antigen for this event is unknown. We examined the source and form of tumor antigen required for cross-presentation in the local lymph node (LN) using a syngeneic mouse tumor model expressing a marker antigen. We found that cross-presentation of this model tumor antigen in the LN is dependent on continuous traffic of antigen from the tumor site, but without any detectable migration of tumor resident dendritic cells (DCs). Instead, small numbers of tumor cells metastasize to local LNs where they are exposed to a localized CTL attack, resulting in delivery of tumor antigen into the cross-presentation pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison M McDonnell
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; The University of Western Australia; Crawley, Australia ; National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases; The University of Western Australia; Crawley, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wißfeld J, Nozaki I, Mathews M, Raschka T, Ebeling C, Hornung V, Brüstle O, Neumann H. Deletion of Alzheimer's disease-associated CD33 results in an inflammatory human microglia phenotype. Glia 2021; 69:1393-1412. [PMID: 33539598 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies demonstrated that polymorphisms in the CD33/sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 3 gene are associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). CD33 is expressed on myeloid immune cells and mediates inhibitory signaling through protein tyrosine phosphatases, but the exact function of CD33 in microglia is still unknown. Here, we analyzed CD33 knockout human THP1 macrophages and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia for immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif pathway activation, cytokine transcription, phagocytosis, and phagocytosis-associated oxidative burst. Transcriptome analysis of the macrophage lines showed that knockout of CD33 as well as knockdown of the CD33 signaling-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 6 (PTPN6) led to constitutive activation of inflammation-related pathways. Moreover, deletion of CD33 or expression of Exon 2-deleted CD33 (CD33ΔE2 /CD33m) led to increased phosphorylation of the kinases spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1 and 2). Transcript analysis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed increased levels of interleukin (IL) 1B, IL8, and IL10 after knockout of CD33 in macrophages and microglia. In addition, upregulation of the gene transcripts of the AD-associated phosphatase INPP5D was observed after knockout of CD33. Functional analysis of macrophages and microglia showed that phagocytosis of aggregated amyloid-β1-42 and bacterial particles were increased after knockout of CD33 or CD33ΔE2 expression and knockdown of PTPN6. Furthermore, the phagocytic oxidative burst during uptake of amyloid-β1-42 or bacterial particles was increased after CD33 knockout but not in CD33ΔE2 -expressing microglia. In summary, deletion of CD33 or expression of CD33ΔE2 in human macrophages and microglia resulted in putative beneficial phagocytosis of amyloid β1-42 , but potentially detrimental oxidative burst and inflammation, which was absent in CD33ΔE2 -expressing microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Wißfeld
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ichiro Nozaki
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mona Mathews
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tamara Raschka
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Christian Ebeling
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Cellomics Unit, Bonn, Germany
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Canton J, Blees H, Henry CM, Buck MD, Schulz O, Rogers NC, Childs E, Zelenay S, Rhys H, Domart MC, Collinson L, Alloatti A, Ellison CJ, Amigorena S, Papayannopoulos V, Thomas DC, Randow F, Reis e Sousa C. The receptor DNGR-1 signals for phagosomal rupture to promote cross-presentation of dead-cell-associated antigens. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:140-153. [PMID: 33349708 PMCID: PMC7116638 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 conventional dendritic (cDC1) cells are necessary for cross-presentation of many viral and tumor antigens to CD8+ T cells. cDC1 cells can be identified in mice and humans by high expression of DNGR-1 (also known as CLEC9A), a receptor that binds dead-cell debris and facilitates XP of corpse-associated antigens. Here, we show that DNGR-1 is a dedicated XP receptor that signals upon ligand engagement to promote phagosomal rupture. This allows escape of phagosomal contents into the cytosol, where they access the endogenous major histocompatibility complex class I antigen processing pathway. The activity of DNGR-1 maps to its signaling domain, which activates SYK and NADPH oxidase to cause phagosomal damage even when spliced into a heterologous receptor and expressed in heterologous cells. Our data reveal the existence of innate immune receptors that couple ligand binding to endocytic vesicle damage to permit MHC class I antigen presentation of exogenous antigens and to regulate adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Canton
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hanna Blees
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Conor M Henry
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Michael D Buck
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Oliver Schulz
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Neil C Rogers
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Childs
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Santiago Zelenay
- Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Hefin Rhys
- Flow Cytometry STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Lucy Collinson
- Electron Microscopy STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Andres Alloatti
- Centre de Recherche, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Cara J Ellison
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - David C Thomas
- Immunity and Inflammation, 9NC, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Felix Randow
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Constitutively Activated DAP12 Induces Functional Anti-Tumor Activation and Maturation of Human Monocyte-Derived DC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031241. [PMID: 33513928 PMCID: PMC7865632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells with a great capacity for cross-presentation of exogenous antigens from which robust anti-tumor immune responses ensue. However, this function is not always available and requires DCs to first be primed to induce their maturation. In particular, in the field of DC vaccine design, currently available methodologies have been limited in eliciting a sustained anti-tumor immune response. Mechanistically, part of the maturation response is influenced by the presence of stimulatory receptors relying on ITAM-containing activating adaptor molecules like DAP12, that modulates their function. We hypothesize that activating DAP12 in DC could force their maturation and enhance their potential anti-tumor activity for therapeutic intervention. For this purpose, we developed constitutively active DAP12 mutants that can promote activation of monocyte-derived DC. Here we demonstrate its ability to induce the maturation and activation of monocyte-derived DCs which enhances migration, and T cell stimulation in vitro using primary human cells. Moreover, constitutively active DAP12 stimulates a strong immune response in a murine melanoma model leading to a reduction of tumor burden. This provides proof-of-concept for investigating the pre-activation of antigen presenting cells to enhance the effectiveness of anti-tumor immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Batty CJ, Tiet P, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Drug Delivery for Cancer Immunotherapy and Vaccines. Pharm Nanotechnol 2019; 6:232-244. [PMID: 30227827 DOI: 10.2174/2211738506666180918122337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are able to avoid immune surveillance and exploit the immune system to grow and metastasize. With the development of nano- and micro-particles, there has been a growing number of immunotherapy delivery systems developed to elicit innate and adaptive immune responses to eradicate cancer cells. This can be accomplished by training resident immune cells to recognize and eliminate cells with tumor-associated antigens or by providing external stimuli to enhance tumor cell apoptosis in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review we will focus on nano- and micro-particle (NP and MP) based immunotherapies and vaccines used to elicit a potent and sustained antitumor immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cole J Batty
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Pamela Tiet
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Akhtar-Schäfer I, Wang L, Krohne TU, Xu H, Langmann T. Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708259. [PMID: 30224384 PMCID: PMC6180304 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the role of three key immune pathways in the pathophysiology of major retinal degenerative diseases including diabetic retinopathy, age‐related macular degeneration, and rare retinal dystrophies. We first discuss the mechanisms how loss of retinal homeostasis evokes an unbalanced retinal immune reaction involving responses of local microglia and recruited macrophages, activity of the alternative complement system, and inflammasome assembly in the retinal pigment epithelium. Presenting these key mechanisms as complementary targets, we specifically emphasize the concept of immunomodulation as potential treatment strategy to prevent or delay vision loss. Promising molecules are ligands for phagocyte receptors, specific inhibitors of complement activation products, and inflammasome inhibitors. We comprehensively summarize the scientific evidence for this strategy from preclinical animal models, human ocular tissue analyses, and clinical trials evolving in the last few years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Akhtar-Schäfer
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luping Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim U Krohne
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heping Xu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany .,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
NF-κB activation mediates LPS-or zymosan-induced hypotension and inflammation reversed by BAY61-3606, a selective Syk inhibitor, in rat models of septic and non-septic shock. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:173-182. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
Assays based on ectopic expression of NOX NADPH oxidase subunits in heterologous mammalian cells are an important approach for investigating features of this family of enzymes. These model systems have been used to analyze the biosynthesis and functional domains of NOX enzyme components as well as their regulation and cellular activities. This chapter provides an overview of the basic principles and applications of heterologous whole cell assays in studying NOX NADPH oxidases.
Collapse
|
16
|
NADPH Oxidase Deficiency: A Multisystem Approach. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4590127. [PMID: 29430280 PMCID: PMC5753020 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4590127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a complex system able to recognize a wide variety of host agents, through different biological processes. For example, controlled changes in the redox state are able to start different pathways in immune cells and are involved in the killing of microbes. The generation and release of ROS in the form of an “oxidative burst” represent the pivotal mechanism by which phagocytic cells are able to destroy pathogens. On the other hand, impaired oxidative balance is also implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory complications, which may affect the function of many body systems. NADPH oxidase (NOX) plays a pivotal role in the production of ROS, and the defect of its different subunits leads to the development of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The defect of the different NOX subunits in CGD affects different organs. In this context, this review will be focused on the description of the effect of NOX2 deficiency in different body systems. Moreover, we will also focus our attention on the novel insight in the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency and inflammation-related manifestations and on the protective role of NOX2 deficiency against the development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Roth S, Bergmann H, Jaeger M, Yeroslaviz A, Neumann K, Koenig PA, Prazeres da Costa C, Vanes L, Kumar V, Johnson M, Menacho-Márquez M, Habermann B, Tybulewicz VL, Netea M, Bustelo XR, Ruland J. Vav Proteins Are Key Regulators of Card9 Signaling for Innate Antifungal Immunity. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2572-2583. [PMID: 27926862 PMCID: PMC5177621 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The innate immune system senses fungal pathogens through Syk-coupled C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which signal through the conserved immune adaptor Card9. Although Card9 is essential for antifungal defense, the mechanisms that couple CLR-proximal events to Card9 control are not well defined. Here, we identify Vav proteins as key activators of the Card9 pathway. Vav1, Vav2, and Vav3 cooperate downstream of Dectin-1, Dectin-2, and Mincle to engage Card9 for NF-κB control and proinflammatory gene transcription. Although Vav family members show functional redundancy, Vav1/2/3−/− mice phenocopy Card9−/− animals with extreme susceptibility to fungi. In this context, Vav3 is the single most important Vav in mice, and a polymorphism in human VAV3 is associated with susceptibility to candidemia in patients. Our results reveal a molecular mechanism for CLR-mediated Card9 regulation that controls innate immunity to fungal infections. Vav proteins control CLR-mediated inflammatory responses CLR-induced NF-κB activation is regulated by Vav proteins Vav/Card9 signaling is critical for antifungal host defense
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Roth
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany; Chirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Bergmann
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University, Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Assa Yeroslaviz
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Research Group Computational Biology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Konstantin Neumann
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Paul-Albert Koenig
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Johnson
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Bianca Habermann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Research Group Computational Biology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Victor L Tybulewicz
- Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mihai Netea
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University, Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red-Oncologia, Carlos III Health Institute, Spain
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cruz FM, Colbert JD, Merino E, Kriegsman BA, Rock KL. The Biology and Underlying Mechanisms of Cross-Presentation of Exogenous Antigens on MHC-I Molecules. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 35:149-176. [PMID: 28125356 PMCID: PMC5508990 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To monitor the health of cells, the immune system tasks antigen-presenting cells with gathering antigens from other cells and bringing them to CD8 T cells in the form of peptides bound to MHC-I molecules. Most cells would be unable to perform this function because they use their MHC-I molecules to exclusively present peptides derived from the cell's own proteins. However, the immune system evolved mechanisms for dendritic cells and some other phagocytes to sample and present antigens from the extracellular milieu on MHC-I through a process called cross-presentation. How this important task is accomplished, its role in health and disease, and its potential for exploitation are the subject of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freidrich M Cruz
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Jeff D Colbert
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Elena Merino
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Barry A Kriegsman
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| | - Kenneth L Rock
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; , , , ,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Q, Wang Y, Zhai N, Song H, Li H, Yang Y, Li T, Guo X, Chi B, Niu J, Crispe IN, Su L, Tu Z. HCV core protein inhibits polarization and activity of both M1 and M2 macrophages through the TLR2 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36160. [PMID: 27786268 PMCID: PMC5082373 DOI: 10.1038/srep36160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes persistent infection in most infected patients, and eventually causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in some patients. Monocytes and macrophages provide the first line of defense against pathogens, but their roles in HCV infection remains unclear. We have reported that HCV core protein (HCVc) manipulates human blood-derived dendritic cell development. In the present study, we tested whether HCVc affects human blood-derived monocyte differentiating into macrophages. Results showed that HCVc inhibits monocyte differentiation to either M1 or M2 macrophages through TLR2, associated with impaired STATs signaling pathway. Moreover, HCVc inhibits phagocytosis activity of M1 and M2 macrophages, M1 macrophage-induced autologous and allogeneic CD4+ T cell activation, but promotes M2 macrophage-induced autologous and allogeneic CD4+ T cell activation. In conclusion, HCVc inhibits monocyte-derived macrophage polarization via TLR2 signaling, leading to dysfunctions of both M1 and M2 macrophages in chronic HCV infected patients. This may contribute to the mechanism of HCV persistent infection, and suggest that blockade of HCVc might be a novel therapeutic approach to treating HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naicui Zhai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongxiao Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolin Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baorong Chi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ian Nicholas Crispe
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lishan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhengkun Tu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in antimicrobial host defense, but their improper activation also contributes to inflammation-induced tissue damage. Therefore, understanding neutrophil biology is important for the understanding, diagnosis, and therapy of both infectious and inflammatory diseases. Neutrophils express a large number of cell-surface receptors that sense extracellular cues and trigger various functional responses through complex intracellular signaling pathways. During the last several years, we and others have shown that tyrosine kinases play a critical role in those processes. In particular, Src-family and Syk tyrosine kinases couple Fc-receptors and adhesion receptors (integrins and selectins) to various neutrophil effector functions. This pathway shows surprising similarity to lymphocyte antigen receptor signaling and involves various other enzymes (e.g. PLCγ2), exchange factors (e.g. Vav-family members) and adapter proteins (such as ITAM-containing adapters, SLP-76, and CARD9). Those mediators trigger various antimicrobial functions and play a critical role in coordinating the inflammatory response through the release of inflammatory mediators, such as chemokines and LTB4 . Interestingly, however, tyrosine kinases have a limited direct role in the migration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation. Here, we review the role of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways in neutrophils and how those pathways contribute to neutrophil activation in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Futosi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms together have multiple functions that are important for normal physiology and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a broad range of diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2) is critical for antimicrobial host defence. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disorder of NOX2 characterized by severe life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections and by excessive inflammation, including Crohn's-like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). NOX2 defends against microbes through the direct antimicrobial activity of reactive oxidants and through activation of granular proteases and generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETosis involves the breakdown of cell membranes and extracellular release of chromatin and neutrophil granular constituents that target extracellular pathogens. Although the immediate effects of oxidant generation and NETosis are predicted to be injurious, NOX2, in several contexts, limits inflammation and injury by modulation of key signalling pathways that affect neutrophil accumulation and clearance. NOX2 also plays a role in antigen presentation and regulation of adaptive immunity. Specific NOX2-activated pathways such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcriptional factor that induces antioxidative and cytoprotective responses, may be important therapeutic targets for CGD and, more broadly, diseases associated with excessive inflammation and injury.
Collapse
|
22
|
Balce DR, Rybicka JM, Greene CJ, Ewanchuk BW, Yates RM. Ligation of FcγR Alters Phagosomal Processing of Protein via Augmentation of NADPH Oxidase Activity. Traffic 2016; 17:786-802. [PMID: 27020146 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis and the reduction of disulfides, both major components of protein degradation, are profoundly influenced by phagosomal redox conditions in macrophages. We evaluated the activation of phagocytic receptors that are known to influence activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2), and its effect on phagosomal protein degradation. Population-based and single phagosome analyses of phagosomal chemistries in murine macrophages revealed that activation of NOX2 via the Fcγ receptor (FcγR) during phagocytosis decreased rates of proteolysis and disulfide reduction. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the inhibition of phagosomal proteolysis and disulfide reduction were dependent on NOX2, FcγR and protein kinase C (PKC)/spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) signaling. In contrast, low levels of ROS production were observed following the phagocytosis of unopsonized beads, which resulted in higher rates of phagosomal proteolysis and disulfide reduction. Phagosomes displayed autonomy with respect to FcγR-mediated differences in NOX2 activation and proteolysis, as phagosomes containing unopsonized cargo retained low NOX2 activation and high proteolysis even in the presence of phagosomes containing IgG-opsonized cargo in the same macrophage. These results show that opsonization of phagocytic cargo results in vastly different phagosomal processing of proteins through the FcγR-triggered, PKC/Syk-dependent local assembly and activation of NOX2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dale R Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Joanna M Rybicka
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Catherine J Greene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Benjamin W Ewanchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Toll-like Receptor 4 Engagement on Dendritic Cells Restrains Phago-Lysosome Fusion and Promotes Cross-Presentation of Antigens. Immunity 2016; 43:1087-100. [PMID: 26682983 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of cytotoxic immune responses by dendritic cells (DCs) requires the presentation of antigenic peptides derived from phagocytosed microbes and infected or dead cells to CD8(+) T cells, a process called cross-presentation. Antigen cross-presentation by non-activated DCs, however, is not sufficient for the effective induction of immune responses. Additionally, DCs need to be activated through innate receptors, like Toll-like receptors (TLRs). During DC maturation, cross-presentation efficiency is first upregulated and then turned off. Here we show that during this transient phase of enhanced cross-presentation, phago-lysosome fusion was blocked by the topological re-organization of lysosomes into perinuclear clusters. LPS-induced lysosomal clustering, inhibition of phago-lysosome fusion and enhanced cross-presentation, all required expression of the GTPase Rab34. We conclude that TLR4 engagement induces a Rab34-dependent re-organization of lysosomal distribution that delays antigen degradation to transiently enhance cross-presentation, thereby optimizing the priming of CD8(+) T cell responses against pathogens.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yin H, Zhou H, Kang Y, Zhang X, Duan X, Alnabhan R, Liang S, Scott DA, Lamont RJ, Shang J, Wang H. Syk negatively regulates TLR4-mediated IFNβ and IL-10 production and promotes inflammatory responses in dendritic cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:588-98. [PMID: 26708990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While Syk has been shown to associate with TLR4, the immune consequences of Syk-TLR interactions and related molecular mechanisms are unclear. METHODS Gain- and loss-of-function approaches were utilized to determine the regulatory function of Syk and elucidate the related molecular mechanisms in TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses. Cytokine production was measured by ELISA and phosphorylation of signaling molecules determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Syk deficiency in murine dendritic cells resulted in the enhancement of LPS-induced IFNβ and IL-10 but suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6). Deficiency of Syk enhanced the activity of PI3K and elevated the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, which in turn, lead to the phospho-inactivation of the downstream, central gatekeeper of the innate response, GSK3β. Inhibition of PI3K or Akt abrogated the ability of Syk deficiency to enhance IFNβ and IL-10 in Syk deficient cells, confirmed by the overexpression of Akt (Myr-Akt) or constitutively active GSK3β (GSK3 S9A). Moreover, neither inhibition of PI3K-Akt signaling nor neutralization of de novo synthesized IFNβ could rescue TNFα and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated Syk deficient cells. Syk deficiency resulted in decreased phosphorylation of IKKβ and the NF-κB p65 subunit, further suggesting a divergent influence of Syk on pro- and anti-inflammatory TLR responses. CONCLUSIONS Syk negatively regulates TLR4-mediated production of IFNβ and IL-10 and promotes inflammatory responses in dendritic cells through divergent regulation of downstream PI3K-Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Syk may represent a novel target for manipulating the direction or intensity of the innate response, depending on clinical necessity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Huaxin Zhou
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiaoxian Duan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ridab Alnabhan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jia Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Cross-presentation designates the presentation of exogenous antigens on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and is essential for the initiation of cytotoxic immune responses. It is now well established that dendritic cells (DCs) are the best cross-presenting cells. In this chapter, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cross-presentation. We will also describe the different DC subsets identified in mouse and human, and their functional specialization for cross-presentation. Finally, we will summarize the current knowledge of the role of cross-presentation in pathological situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Segura
- Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France; INSERM U932, Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sedlik C, Vigneron J, Torrieri-Dramard L, Pitoiset F, Denizeau J, Chesneau C, de la Rochere P, Lantz O, Thery C, Bellier B. Different immunogenicity but similar antitumor efficacy of two DNA vaccines coding for an antigen secreted in different membrane vesicle-associated forms. J Extracell Vesicles 2014; 3:24646. [PMID: 25206960 PMCID: PMC4149746 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v3.24646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of an active immune response to control or eliminate tumours is still an unfulfilled challenge. We focused on plasmid DNA vaccines using an innovative approach whereby the antigen is expressed in association with extracellular vesicles (EVs) to facilitate antigen cross-presentation and improve induced immunity. Our two groups had independently shown previously that DNA vaccines encoding EV-associated antigens are more efficient at inducing cytotoxic T-cell responses than vaccines encoding the non-EV-associated antigen. Here, we compared our two approaches to associate the ovalbumin (OVA) antigen to EVs: (a) by fusion to the lipid-binding domain C1C2 of MFGE8(=lactadherin), which is exposed on the surface of secreted membrane vesicles; and (b) by fusion to retroviral Gag capsid protein, which is incorporated inside membrane-enclosed virus-like particles. Plasmids encoding either form of modified OVA were used as DNA-based vaccines (i.e. injected into mice to allow in vivo expression of the antigen associated to EVs). We show that both DNA vaccines induced, with similar efficiency, OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells and total IgG antibodies. By contrast, each vaccine preferentially stimulated different isotypes of immunoglobulins, and the OVA-C1C2-encoding vaccine favoured antigen-specific CD4(+) T lymphocyte induction as compared to the Gag-OVA vaccine. Nevertheless, both OVA-C1C2 and Gag-OVA vaccines efficiently prevented in vivo outgrowth of OVA-expressing tumours and reduced tumour progression when administered to tumour-bearing mice, although with variable efficacies depending on the tumour models. DNA vaccines encoding EV-associated antigens are thus promising immunotherapy tools in cancer but also potentially other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sedlik
- INSERM U932, Paris, France ; Clinical Investigation Center-IGR-Curie 1428 and Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - James Vigneron
- INSERM U932, Paris, France ; Sorbonne University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, UMRS_959, I , Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRS_959, Paris, France ; CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Lea Torrieri-Dramard
- Sorbonne University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, UMRS_959, I , Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRS_959, Paris, France ; CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Pitoiset
- Sorbonne University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, UMRS_959, I , Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRS_959, Paris, France ; CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Jordan Denizeau
- Clinical Investigation Center-IGR-Curie 1428 and Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Lantz
- INSERM U932, Paris, France ; Clinical Investigation Center-IGR-Curie 1428 and Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Clotilde Thery
- INSERM U932, Paris, France ; Clinical Investigation Center-IGR-Curie 1428 and Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Bellier
- Sorbonne University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, UMRS_959, I , Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRS_959, Paris, France ; CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France ; Department of Biotherapies, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapy, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sensing the neuronal glycocalyx by glial sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. Neuroscience 2014; 275:113-24. [PMID: 24924144 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are cell surface receptors of microglia and oligodendrocytes that recognize the sialic acid cap of healthy neurons and neighboring glial cells. Upon ligand binding, Siglecs typically signal through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) to keep the cell in a homeostatic status and support healthy neighboring cells. Siglecs can be divided into two groups; the first, being conserved among different species. The conserved Siglec-4/myelin-associated glycoprotein is expressed on oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Siglec-4 protects neurons from acute toxicity via interaction with sialic acids bound to neuronal gangliosides. The second group of Siglecs, named CD33-related Siglecs, is almost exclusively expressed on immune cells and is highly variable among different species. Microglial expression of Siglec-11 is human lineage-specific and prevents neurotoxicity via interaction with α2.8-linked sialic acid oligomers exposed on the neuronal glycocalyx. Microglial Siglec-E is a mouse CD33-related Siglec member that prevents microglial phagocytosis and the associated oxidative burst. Mouse Siglec-E of microglia binds to α2.8- and α2.3-linked sialic acid residues of the healthy glycocalyx of neuronal and glial cells. Recently, polymorphisms of the human Siglec-3/CD33 were linked to late onset Alzheimer's disease by genome-wide association studies. Human Siglec-3 is expressed on microglia and produces inhibitory signaling that decreases uptake of particular molecules such as amyloid-β aggregates. Thus, glial ITIM-signaling Siglecs recognize the intact glycocalyx of neurons and are involved in the modulation of neuron-glia interaction in healthy and diseased brain.
Collapse
|
28
|
Graham DB, Osborne DG, Piotrowski JT, Gomez TS, Gmyrek GB, Akilesh HM, Dani A, Billadeau DD, Swat W. Dendritic cells utilize the evolutionarily conserved WASH and retromer complexes to promote MHCII recycling and helper T cell priming. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98606. [PMID: 24886983 PMCID: PMC4041763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Immature dendritic cells (DCs) maintain a highly dynamic pool of recycling MHCII that promotes sampling of environmental antigens for presentation to T helper cells. However, the molecular basis of MHCII recycling and the cellular machinery that orchestrates MHCII trafficking are incompletely understood. Using a mouse model we show that WASH, an actin regulatory protein that facilitates retromer function, is essential for MHCII recycling and efficient priming of T helper cells. We further demonstrate that WASH deficiency results in impaired MHCII surface levels, recycling, and an accumulation of polyubiquitinated MHCII complexes, which are subsequently slated for premature lysosomal degradation. Consequently, conditional deletion of the Wash gene in DCs impairs priming of both conventional and autoimmune T helper cells in vivo and attenuates disease progression in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Thus, we identify a novel mechanism in which DCs employ the evolutionarily conserved WASH and retromer complex for MHCII recycling in order to regulate T helper cell priming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Graham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America,
| | - Douglas G. Osborne
- Department of Immunology, Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Joshua T. Piotrowski
- Department of Immunology, Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothy S. Gomez
- Department of Immunology, Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Grzegorz B. Gmyrek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America,
| | - Holly M. Akilesh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America,
| | - Adish Dani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America,
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WS); (DDB)
| | - Wojciech Swat
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America,
- * E-mail: (WS); (DDB)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Macrophages are capable of assuming distinct, meta-stable, functional phenotypes in response to environmental cues-a process referred to as macrophage polarization. The identity and plasticity of polarized macrophage subsets as well as their functions in the maintenance of homeostasis and the progression of various pathologies have become areas of intense interest. Yet, the mechanisms by which they achieve subset-specific functions at the cellular level remain unclear. It is becoming apparent that phagocytosis and phagosome maturation differ depending on the polarization of macrophages. This minireview summarizes recent progress in this field, highlighting developing trends and discussing the molecular mechanisms that underlie subset-specific functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Canton
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
NADPH oxidase promotes neutrophil extracellular trap formation in pulmonary aspergillosis. Infect Immun 2014; 82:1766-77. [PMID: 24549323 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00096-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase is a crucial enzyme in antimicrobial host defense and in regulating inflammation. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disorder of NADPH oxidase in which phagocytes are defective in generation of reactive oxidant intermediates. Aspergillus species are ubiquitous, filamentous fungi, which can cause invasive aspergillosis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in CGD, reflecting the critical role for NADPH oxidase in antifungal host defense. Activation of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils can be coupled to the release of proteins and chromatin that comingle in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which can augment extracellular antimicrobial host defense. NETosis can be driven by NADPH oxidase-dependent and -independent pathways. We therefore undertook an analysis of whether NADPH oxidase was required for NETosis in Aspergillus fumigatus pneumonia. Oropharyngeal instillation of live Aspergillus hyphae induced neutrophilic pneumonitis in both wild-type and NADPH oxidase-deficient (p47(phox-/-)) mice which had resolved in wild-type mice by day 5 but progressed in p47(phox-/-) mice. NETs, identified by immunostaining, were observed in lungs of wild-type mice but were absent in p47(phox-/-) mice. Using bona fide NETs and nuclear chromatin decondensation as an early NETosis marker, we found that NETosis required a functional NADPH oxidase in vivo and ex vivo. In addition, NADPH oxidase increased the proportion of apoptotic neutrophils. Together, our results show that NADPH oxidase is required for pulmonary clearance of Aspergillus hyphae and generation of NETs in vivo. We speculate that dual modulation of NETosis and apoptosis by NADPH oxidase enhances antifungal host defense and promotes resolution of inflammation upon infection clearance.
Collapse
|
31
|
Microglial CD33-related Siglec-E inhibits neurotoxicity by preventing the phagocytosis-associated oxidative burst. J Neurosci 2014; 33:18270-6. [PMID: 24227736 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2211-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins (Siglecs) are members of the Ig superfamily that recognize sialic acid residues of glycoproteins. Siglec-E is a mouse CD33-related Siglec that preferentially binds to sialic acid residues of the cellular glycocalyx. Here, we demonstrate gene transcription and protein expression of Siglec-E by cultured mouse microglia. Siglec-E on microglia inhibited phagocytosis of neural debris and prevented the production of superoxide radicals induced by challenge with neural debris. Soluble extracellular Siglec-E receptor protein bound to the neural glycocalyx. Coculture of mouse microglia and neurons demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of microglial Siglec-E that was dependent on neuronal sialic acid residues. Increased neurotoxicity of microglia after knockdown of Siglece mRNA was neutralized by the reactive oxygen species scavenger Trolox. Data suggest that Siglec-E recognizes the intact neuronal glycocalyx and has neuroprotective function by preventing phagocytosis and the associated oxidative burst.
Collapse
|
32
|
Loss of DAP12 and FcRγ drives exaggerated IL-12 production and CD8(+) T cell response by CCR2(+) Mo-DCs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76145. [PMID: 24155889 PMCID: PMC3796521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dap12 and FcRγ, the two transmembrane ITAM-containing signaling adaptors expressed in dendritic cells (DC), are implicated in the regulation of DC function. Several activating and adhesion receptors including integrins require these chains for their function in triggering downstream signaling and effector pathways, however the exact role(s) for Dap12 and FcRγ remains elusive as their loss can lead to both attenuating and enhancing effects. Here, we report that mice congenitally lacking both Dap12 and FcRγ chains (DF) show a massively enhanced effector CD8+ T cell response to protein antigen immunization or West Nile Virus (WNV) infection. Thus, immunization of DF mice with MHCI-restricted OVA peptide leads to accumulation of IL-12-producing monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC) in draining lymph nodes, followed by vastly enhanced generation of antigen-specific IFNγ-producing CD8+ T cells. Moreover, DF mice show increased viral clearance in the WNV infection model. Depletion of CCR2+ monocytes/macrophages in vivo by administration anti-CCR2 antibodies or clodronate liposomes completely prevents the exaggerated CD8+ T cell response in DF mice. Mechanistically, we show that the loss of Dap12 and FcRγ-mediated signals in Mo-DC leads to a disruption of GM-CSF receptor-induced STAT5 activation resulting in upregulation of expression of IRF8, a transcription factor. Consequently, Dap12- and FcRγ-deficiency exacerbates GM-CSF-driven monocyte differentiation and production of inflammatory Mo-DC. Our data suggest a novel cross-talk between DC-ITAM and GM-CSF signaling pathways, which controls Mo-DC differentiation, IL-12 production, and CD8+ T cell responses.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hsu PYJ, Yang YW. Encapsulation of poly(d,l-lactide) microparticles with polyelectrolyte multilayers for antigen delivery. J Microencapsul 2013; 31:262-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.834994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
34
|
Kotsias F, Hoffmann E, Amigorena S, Savina A. Reactive oxygen species production in the phagosome: impact on antigen presentation in dendritic cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:714-29. [PMID: 22827577 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) is known to play a major role in innate immunity for several decades. Phagocytic cells provide host defense by ingesting microbes and destroy them by different mechanisms, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NOX2, a process known as oxidative burst. The phagocytic pathway of dendritic cells (DCs), highly adapted to antigen processing, has been shown to display remarkable differences compared to other phagocytes. Contrary to macrophages and neutrophils, the main function of DC phagosomes is antigen presentation rather than pathogen killing or clearance of cell debris. RECENT ADVANCES In the last few years, it became clear that NOX2 is also involved in the establishment of adaptive immunity. Several studies support the idea of a relationship between antigen presentation and the level of antigen degradation, the latter one being regulated by the pH and ROS within phagosomes. CRITICAL ISSUES The regulation of phagosomal pH exerted by NOX2, and thereby of the efficacy of antigen cross-presentation in DCs, represents a clear illustration of how NOX2 can influence CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses. In this review, we want to put emphasis on the relationship between ROS generation and antigen processing and presentation, since there is growing evidence that the low levels of ROS generated by DCs play an important role in these processes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In the next years, it will be interesting to unravel possible mechanisms involved and to find other possible connections between NOX family members and adaptive immune responses.
Collapse
|
35
|
Jux B, Staratschek-Jox A, Penninger JM, Schultze JL, Kolanus W. Vav1 regulates MHCII expression in murine resting and activated B cells. Int Immunol 2013; 25:307-17. [PMID: 23391492 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxs157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vav1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho GTPases, which is exclusively expressed in cells of the hematopoietic system. In addition to its well-documented GEF activity, it was suggested to have other functions due to the presence of multiple domains and nuclear localization signals in its protein structure. Although GEF-dependent and GEF-independent functions of vav have been implicated in T-cell development and T-cell receptor signaling, the role of vav1 in antigen-presenting cells is poorly understood. We found that vav1 is an important regulator of MHCII expression and transport. Microarray analysis of unstimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed a novel role of vav1 in transcriptional regulation of the MHCII locus, possibly by indirect means. Primary immune cells from vav1-deficient mice had a significantly lower constitutive surface expression of MHCII with the strongest impact observed on splenic and peritoneal B cells. Impaired MHCII expression resulted in a diminished capacity for T-cell activation. Using 6-thio-GTP, a specific inhibitor of the GEF function of vav1, we were able to show that the GEF activity is required for MHCII upregulation in B cells after stimulation with LPS. Furthermore, our data show that vav1 not only affects transcription of the MHCII locus but also is an important regulator of MHCII protein transport to the cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Jux
- Department of Molecular Immune and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mantegazza AR, Magalhaes JG, Amigorena S, Marks MS. Presentation of phagocytosed antigens by MHC class I and II. Traffic 2012; 14:135-52. [PMID: 23127154 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis provides innate immune cells with a mechanism to take up and destroy pathogenic bacteria, apoptotic cells and other large particles. In some cases, however, peptide antigens from these particles are preserved for presentation in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or class II molecules in order to stimulate antigen-specific T cells. Processing and presentation of antigens from phagosomes presents a number of distinct challenges relative to antigens internalized by other means; while bacterial antigens were among the first discovered to be presented to T cells, analyses of the cellular mechanisms by which peptides from phagocytosed antigens assemble with MHC molecules and by which these complexes are then expressed at the plasma membrane have lagged behind those of conventional model soluble antigens. In this review, we cover recent advances in our understanding of these processes, including the unique cross-presentation of phagocytosed antigens by MHC class I molecules, and in their control by signaling modalities in phagocytic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana R Mantegazza
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wagner CS, Grotzke JE, Cresswell P. Intracellular events regulating cross-presentation. Front Immunol 2012; 3:138. [PMID: 22675326 PMCID: PMC3366438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-presentation plays a fundamental role in the induction of CD8-T cell immunity. However, although more than three decades have passed since its discovery, surprisingly little is known about the exact mechanisms involved. Here we give an overview of the components involved at different stages of this process. First, antigens must be internalized into the cross-presenting cell. The involvement of different receptors, method of antigen uptake, and nature of the antigen can influence intracellular trafficking and access to the cross-presentation pathway. Once antigens access the endocytic system, different requirements for endosomal/phagosomal processing arise, such as proteolysis and reduction of disulfide bonds. The majority of cross-presented peptides are generated by proteasomal degradation. Therefore, antigens must cross a membrane barrier in a manner analogous to the fate of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that are retrotranslocated into the cytosol for degradation. Indeed, some components of the ER-associated degradation machinery have been implicated in cross-presentation. Further complicating the matter, endosomal and phagosomal compartments have been suggested as alternative sites to the ER for loading of peptides on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Finally, the antigen presenting cells involved, particularly dendritic cell subsets and their state of maturation, influence the efficiency of cross-presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Wagner
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Compeer EB, Flinsenberg TWH, van der Grein SG, Boes M. Antigen processing and remodeling of the endosomal pathway: requirements for antigen cross-presentation. Front Immunol 2012; 3:37. [PMID: 22566920 PMCID: PMC3342355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-presentation of endocytosed antigen as peptide/class I major histocompatibility complex complexes plays a central role in the elicitation of CD8+ T cell clones that mediate anti-viral and anti-tumor immune responses. While it has been clear that there are specific subsets of professional antigen presenting cells capable of antigen cross-presentation, identification of mechanisms involved is still ongoing. Especially amongst dendritic cells (DC), there are specialized subsets that are highly proficient at antigen cross-presentation. We here present a focused survey on the cell biological processes in the endosomal pathway that support antigen cross-presentation. This review highlights DC-intrinsic mechanisms that facilitate the cross-presentation of endocytosed antigen, including receptor-mediated uptake, maturation-induced endosomal sorting of membrane proteins, dynamic remodeling of endosomal structures and cell surface-directed endosomal trafficking. We will conclude with the description of pathogen-induced deviation of endosomal processing, and discuss how immune evasion strategies pertaining endosomal trafficking may preclude antigen cross-presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud Bernardus Compeer
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Role of ITAM signaling module in signal integration. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24:58-66. [PMID: 22240121 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diverse cell types use a small number of evolutionarily conserved signaling modules to integrate external cues and elicit distinct functions. A question thus arises as to how does a receptor, which contains a single signaling module, produce distinct outcomes to diverse signals, particularly if such module is shared amongst a family of receptors? Emerging data suggest that many immunoreceptors, all of which use a conserved ITAM-module for their signaling, can couple with members of additional classes of membrane receptors to deliver unique signal(s) to the cell. We discuss the possible biological purposes and mechanisms behind these interactions at the plasma membrane. We offer a conceptual framework to understand information processing within the immune system and discuss the new biology of old receptors involving their structural and functional collaborations that evolved to deliver unique signal(s) to the cell using a limited set of conserved signaling modules.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
It has been well established that integrins mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion and play crucial roles in the immune system such as leukocyte-endothelium interactions, immune synapse formation, and effector functions. Since the discovery that integrins undergo dynamic changes of adhesive activities in response to external stimuli, intensive studies have been conducted to elucidate the signaling events that control the activation of integrins (inside-out signaling) and signaling events from the induced integrin-dependent adhesion (outside-in signaling). The molecular characterization of these signaling pathways highlights the importance of integrins as bidirectional signaling receptors. The characteristics of integrin signaling are best exemplified in the immune system. This chapter highlights the recent studies of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate integrins in immunological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kinashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vethanayagam RR, Almyroudis NG, Grimm MJ, Lewandowski DC, Pham CTN, Blackwell TS, Petraitiene R, Petraitis V, Walsh TJ, Urban CF, Segal BH. Role of NADPH oxidase versus neutrophil proteases in antimicrobial host defense. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28149. [PMID: 22163282 PMCID: PMC3233573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase is a crucial enzyme in mediating antimicrobial host defense and in regulating inflammation. Patients with chronic granulomatous disease, an inherited disorder of NADPH oxidase in which phagocytes are defective in generation of reactive oxidant intermediates (ROIs), suffer from life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. The mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase mediate host defense are unclear. In addition to ROI generation, neutrophil NADPH oxidase activation is linked to the release of sequestered proteases that are posited to be critical effectors of host defense. To definitively determine the contribution of NADPH oxidase versus neutrophil serine proteases, we evaluated susceptibility to fungal and bacterial infection in mice with engineered disruptions of these pathways. NADPH oxidase-deficient mice (p47phox−/−) were highly susceptible to pulmonary infection with Aspergillus fumigatus. In contrast, double knockout neutrophil elastase (NE)−/−×cathepsin G (CG)−/− mice and lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin C/dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI)-deficient mice that are defective in neutrophil serine protease activation demonstrated no impairment in antifungal host defense. In separate studies of systemic Burkholderia cepacia infection, uniform fatality occurred in p47phox−/− mice, whereas NE−/−×CG−/− mice cleared infection. Together, these results show a critical role for NADPH oxidase in antimicrobial host defense against A. fumigatus and B. cepacia, whereas the proteases we evaluated were dispensable. Our results indicate that NADPH oxidase dependent pathways separate from neutrophil serine protease activation are required for host defense against specific pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Robert Vethanayagam
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos G. Almyroudis
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Grimm
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - David C. Lewandowski
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Christine T. N. Pham
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ruta Petraitiene
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Weill Cornell University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Vidmantas Petraitis
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Weill Cornell University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Weill Cornell University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Brahm H. Segal
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Segura E, Villadangos JA. A Modular and Combinatorial View of the Antigen Cross-Presentation Pathway in Dendritic Cells. Traffic 2011; 12:1677-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
43
|
Kastenmüller K, Wille-Reece U, Lindsay RWB, Trager LR, Darrah PA, Flynn BJ, Becker MR, Udey MC, Clausen BE, Igyarto BZ, Kaplan DH, Kastenmüller W, Germain RN, Seder RA. Protective T cell immunity in mice following protein-TLR7/8 agonist-conjugate immunization requires aggregation, type I IFN, and multiple DC subsets. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:1782-96. [PMID: 21540549 DOI: 10.1172/jci45416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of a non-live vaccine requires improved formulation and adjuvant selection to generate robust T cell immunity following immunization. Here, using protein linked to a TLR7/8 agonist (conjugate vaccine), we investigated the functional properties of vaccine formulation, the cytokines, and the DC subsets required to induce protective multifunctional T cell immunity in vivo. The conjugate vaccine required aggregation of the protein to elicit potent Th1 CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Remarkably, the conjugate vaccine, through aggregation of the protein and activation of TLR7 in vivo, led to an influx of migratory DCs to the LN and increased antigen uptake by several resident and migratory DC subsets, with the latter effect strongly influenced by vaccine-induced type I IFN. Ex vivo migratory CD8-DEC205+CD103-CD326- langerin-negative dermal DCs were as potent in cross-presenting antigen to naive CD8+ T cells as CD11c+CD8+ DCs. Moreover, these cells also influenced Th1 CD4+ T cell priming. In summary, we propose a model in which broad-based T cell-mediated responses upon vaccination can be maximized by codelivery of aggregated protein and TLR7/8 agonist, which together promote optimal antigen acquisition and presentation by multiple DC subsets in the context of critical proinflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Kastenmüller
- Vaccine Research Center and Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Sumpter TL, Packiam V, Turnquist HR, Castellaneta A, Yoshida O, Thomson AW. DAP12 promotes IRAK-M expression and IL-10 production by liver myeloid dendritic cells and restrains their T cell allostimulatory ability. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:1970-80. [PMID: 21257958 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Freshly isolated hepatic dendritic cells (DC) are comparatively immature, relatively resistant to maturation, and can downmodulate effector T cell responses. Molecular mechanisms that underlie these properties are ill defined. DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) is an ITAM-bearing transmembrane adaptor protein that integrates signals through several receptors, including triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, -2, and CD200R. Notably, DC propagated from DAP12-deficient mice exhibit enhanced maturation in response to TLR ligation. Given the constitutive exposure of liver DC to endotoxin draining from the gut, we hypothesized that DAP12 might regulate liver DC maturation. We show that DAP12 is expressed by freshly isolated liver, spleen, kidney, and lung myeloid DC. Moreover, inhibition of DAP12 expression by liver DC using small interfering RNA promotes their phenotypic and functional maturation, resulting in enhanced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p70 production, reduced secretion of IL-10, and enhanced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation. Furthermore, DAP12 silencing correlates with decreased STAT3 phosphorylation in mature liver DC and with diminished expression of the IL-1R-associated kinase-M, a negative regulator of TLR signaling. These findings highlight a regulatory role for DAP12 in hepatic DC maturation, and suggest a mechanism whereby this function may be induced/maintained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina L Sumpter
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
ITAM signaling in dendritic cells controls T helper cell priming by regulating MHC class II recycling. Blood 2010; 116:3208-18. [PMID: 20634378 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-10-250415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature dendritic cells (DCs) specialize in antigen capture and maintain a highly dynamic pool of intracellular major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) that continuously recycles from peptide loading compartments to the plasma membrane and back again. This process facilitates sampling of environmental antigens for presentation to T helper cells. Here, we show that a signaling pathway mediated by the DC immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing adaptors (DAP12 and FcRγ) and Vav family guanine nucleotide exchange factors controls the half-life of surface peptide-MHCII (pMHCII) complexes and is critical for CD4 T-cell triggering in vitro. Strikingly, mice with disrupted DC ITAMs show defective T helper cell priming in vivo and are protected from experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Mechanistically, we show that deficiency in ITAM signaling results in increased pMHCII internalization, impaired recycling, and an accumulation of ubiquitinated MHCII species that are prematurely degraded in lysosomes. We propose a novel mechanism for control of T helper cell priming.
Collapse
|
47
|
Grimm MJ, Vethanayagam RR, Almyroudis NG, Lewandowski D, Rall N, Blackwell TS, Segal BH. Role of NADPH oxidase in host defense against aspergillosis. Med Mycol 2010; 49 Suppl 1:S144-9. [PMID: 20560866 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2010.487077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase plays a critical role in antimicrobial host defense, as evident in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an inherited disorder of the NADPH oxidase characterized by severe bacterial and fungal diseases. Invasive aspergillosis and other moulds are the major cause of mortality in CGD. We also learn from CGD patients that NADPH oxidase plays an important role in regulating inflammation; CGD patients are prone to developing inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, obstructive granulomata of the genitourinary tract, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Indeed, the NADPH oxidase plays an essential role in calibrating innate and T-cell responses to control the growth of inhaled fungi while protecting against excessive and injurious inflammation. Knowledge gained on the mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase kills fungi and regulates inflammation may lead to new therapeutics for CGD and will have broad relevance to understanding host-pathogen interactions between mammals and ubiquitous moulds to which we are continually exposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Grimm
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mócsai A, Ruland J, Tybulewicz VLJ. The SYK tyrosine kinase: a crucial player in diverse biological functions. Nat Rev Immunol 2010; 10:387-402. [PMID: 20467426 PMCID: PMC4782221 DOI: 10.1038/nri2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 956] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is known to have a crucial role in adaptive immune receptor signalling. However, recent reports indicate that SYK also mediates other, unexpectedly diverse biological functions, including cellular adhesion, innate immune recognition, osteoclast maturation, platelet activation and vascular development. SYK is activated by C-type lectins and integrins, and activates new targets, including the CARD9-BCL-10-MALT1 pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Studies using Drosophila melanogaster suggest that there is an evolutionarily ancient origin of SYK-mediated signalling. Moreover, SYK has a crucial role in autoimmune diseases and haematological malignancies. This Review summarizes our current understanding of the diverse functions of SYK and how this is being translated for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hamerman JA, Ni M, Killebrew JR, Chu CL, Lowell CA. The expanding roles of ITAM adapters FcRgamma and DAP12 in myeloid cells. Immunol Rev 2009; 232:42-58. [PMID: 19909355 PMCID: PMC3248395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The adapter proteins DAP12 and FcRgamma associate with a wide spectrum of receptors in a variety of innate immune cells to mediate intracellular signaling pathways when their cognate receptor is engaged. These adapter proteins are coupled to their receptors through charged residues within the transmembrane regions of the adapter and receptor. DAP12 and FcRgamma contain specific protein domains (referred to as immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs) that serve as the substrates and docking sites for kinases, allowing amplification of intracellular signaling reactions. Recent research has broadened the repertoire of receptors that utilize these adapters for signaling to include not only novel immunoglobulin superfamily members but also cytokine receptors, integrins, and other adhesion molecules. There is abundant evidence that these multifunctional signaling adapters also mediate inhibitory activity, downmodulating signaling from Toll-like receptors and other heterologous receptors. In this review, we discuss the newly described receptors that utilize DAP12 and/or FcRgamma adapters to modulate innate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Hamerman
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Box 357650, Seattle, WA
| | - Minjian Ni
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA
| | - Justin R. Killebrew
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Box 357650, Seattle, WA
| | - Ching-Liang Chu
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gender effects in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: Correlation between clinical variables and gene expression molecular pathways. J Neurol Sci 2009; 286:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Revised: 05/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|