1
|
Liu Y, Li Q, Song L, Gong C, Tang S, Budinich KA, Vanderbeck A, Mathias KM, Wertheim GB, Nguyen SC, Outen R, Joyce EF, Maillard I, Wan L. Condensate-Promoting ENL Mutation Drives Tumorigenesis In Vivo Through Dynamic Regulation of Histone Modifications and Gene Expression. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:1522-1546. [PMID: 38655899 PMCID: PMC11294821 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the histone acetylation "reader" eleven-nineteen-leukemia (ENL), found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and Wilms tumor, are known to drive condensate formation and gene activation in cellular systems. However, their role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Using a conditional knock-in mouse model, we show that mutant ENL perturbs normal hematopoiesis, induces aberrant expansion of myeloid progenitors, and triggers rapid onset of aggressive AML. Mutant ENL alters developmental and inflammatory gene programs in part by remodeling histone modifications. Mutant ENL forms condensates in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells at key leukemogenic genes, and disrupting condensate formation via mutagenesis impairs its chromatin and oncogenic function. Moreover, treatment with an acetyl-binding inhibitor of the mutant ENL displaces these condensates from target loci, inhibits mutant ENL-induced chromatin changes, and delays AML initiation and progression in vivo. Our study elucidates the function of ENL mutations in chromatin regulation and tumorigenesis and demonstrates the potential of targeting pathogenic condensates in cancer treatment. Significance: A direct link between ENL mutations, condensate formation, and tumorigenesis is lacking. This study elucidates the function and mechanism of ENL mutations in leukemogenesis, establishing these mutations as bona fide oncogenic drivers. Our results also support the role of condensate dysregulation in cancer and reveal strategies to target pathogenic condensates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Qinglan Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Lele Song
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Chujie Gong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Sylvia Tang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Krista A. Budinich
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Cancer Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Ashley Vanderbeck
- VMD-PhD Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Kaeli M. Mathias
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Gerald B. Wertheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Division of Hematopathology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Son C. Nguyen
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Riley Outen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Eric F. Joyce
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Liling Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xing J, Zheng J, Cui S, Wang J, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhu J, Lin Y. Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 1 (NR4A1) Promotes the Adipogenesis of Intramuscular Preadipocytes through PI3K/AKT Pathway in Goats. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2051. [PMID: 39061513 PMCID: PMC11273901 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As a transcription factor, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 1 (NR4A1) binds to downstream target genes to participate in cell proliferation and cell differentiation. We found that the NR4A1 reached the highest expression at 60 h after the differentiation of goat intramuscular preadipocytes. Overexpression of goat NR4A1 increased the number of intracellular lipid droplets and up-regulated the expression of adipocyte-differentiation-related marker genes including AP2, SREBP1, ACC, GPAM, and DGAT2, while the relative expression levels of Pref-1 and HSL were significantly decreased. On the contrary, after NR4A1 was knocked down by siRNA, the number of intracellular lipid droplets and the relative expression levels of LPL, CEBPα, CEBPβ, ACC, and DGAT2 were significantly decreased, and the relative expression levels of Pref-1 and HSL were significantly up-regulated. These results suggest that NR4A1 promotes the differentiation of goat intramuscular preadipocytes. Transcriptome sequencing was carried out after overexpression of goat NR4A1, and the KEGG enrichment analysis result showed that the most differentially expressed genes were related to adipocyte differentiation and were enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. LY249002, an inhibitor of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, was introduced and decreased the number of intracellular lipid droplets, and the relative expression levels of C/EBPα, SREBP1, AP2, C/EBPβ, GPAM, ACC, DGAT1, DGAT2, and ATGL were decreased accordingly. The above results indicate that overexpression of goat NR4A1 may promote the differentiation of intramuscular preadipocytes through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Xing
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.X.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.X.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.X.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Teachers’ College, Mianyang 621000, China;
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.X.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.X.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.X.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.X.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen G, Lin Z, Peng H, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Nie Q, Luo W. The transmembrane protein TMEM182 promotes fat deposition and alters metabolomics and lipidomics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129144. [PMID: 38181918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
TMEM182, a transmembrane protein highly expressed in muscle and adipose tissues, plays a crucial role in muscle cell differentiation, metabolism, and signaling. However, its role in fat deposition and metabolism is still unknown. In this study, we used overexpression and knockout models to examine the impact of TMEM182 on fat synthesis and metabolism. Our results showed that TMEM182 overexpression increased the expression of fat synthesis-related genes and promoted the differentiation of preadipocytes into fat cells. In TMEM182 knockout mice, there was a significant decrease in abdominal fat deposition. RNA sequencing results showed that TMEM182 overexpression in preadipocytes enhanced the activity of pathways related to fat formation, ECM-receptor interaction, and cell adhesion. Furthermore, our analysis using UPLC-MS/MS showed that TMEM182 significantly altered the metabolite and lipid content and composition in chicken breast muscle. Specifically, TMEM182 increased the content of amino acids and their derivatives in chicken breast muscle, promoting amino acid metabolic pathways. Lipidomics also revealed a significant increase in the content of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and phospholipids in the breast muscle after TMEM182 overexpression. These findings suggest that TMEM182 plays a crucial role in regulating fat deposition and metabolism, making it a potential target for treating obesity-related diseases and animal breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genghua Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zetong Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haoqi Peng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen Luo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heyes E, Wilhelmson AS, Wenzel A, Manhart G, Eder T, Schuster MB, Rzepa E, Pundhir S, D'Altri T, Frank AK, Gentil C, Woessmann J, Schoof EM, Meggendorfer M, Schwaller J, Haferlach T, Grebien F, Porse BT. TET2 lesions enhance the aggressiveness of CEBPA-mutant acute myeloid leukemia by rebalancing GATA2 expression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6185. [PMID: 37794021 PMCID: PMC10550934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The myeloid transcription factor CEBPA is recurrently biallelically mutated (i.e., double mutated; CEBPADM) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a combination of hypermorphic N-terminal mutations (CEBPANT), promoting expression of the leukemia-associated p30 isoform, and amorphic C-terminal mutations. The most frequently co-mutated genes in CEBPADM AML are GATA2 and TET2, however the molecular mechanisms underlying this co-mutational spectrum are incomplete. By combining transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses of CEBPA-TET2 co-mutated patients with models thereof, we identify GATA2 as a conserved target of the CEBPA-TET2 mutational axis, providing a rationale for the mutational spectra in CEBPADM AML. Elevated CEBPA levels, driven by CEBPANT, mediate recruitment of TET2 to the Gata2 distal hematopoietic enhancer thereby increasing Gata2 expression. Concurrent loss of TET2 in CEBPADM AML induces a competitive advantage by increasing Gata2 promoter methylation, thereby rebalancing GATA2 levels. Of clinical relevance, demethylating treatment of Cebpa-Tet2 co-mutated AML restores Gata2 levels and prolongs disease latency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Heyes
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna S Wilhelmson
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Wenzel
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriele Manhart
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Eder
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mikkel B Schuster
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edwin Rzepa
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sachin Pundhir
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Teresa D'Altri
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Katrine Frank
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Coline Gentil
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Woessmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Erwin M Schoof
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Jürg Schwaller
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Grebien
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria.
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bo T Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Luo G, Hu X, Xu G, Wang T, Liu M, Qiu X, Li J, Fu J, Feng B, Tu Y, Kan W, Wang C, Xu R, Zhou Y, Yang J, Li J. Targeting C/EBPα overcomes primary resistance and improves the efficacy of FLT3 inhibitors in acute myeloid leukaemia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1882. [PMID: 37019911 PMCID: PMC10076519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) have been improved since the approval of FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i). However, approximately 30-50% of patients exhibit primary resistance (PR) to FLT3i with poorly defined mechanisms, posing a pressing clinical unmet need. Here, we identify C/EBPα activation as a top PR feature by analyzing data from primary AML patient samples in Vizome. C/EBPα activation limit FLT3i efficacy, while its inactivation synergistically enhances FLT3i action in cellular and female animal models. We then perform an in silico screen and identify that guanfacine, an antihypertensive medication, mimics C/EBPα inactivation. Furthermore, guanfacine exerts a synergistic effect with FLT3i in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we ascertain the role of C/EBPα activation in PR in an independent cohort of FLT3-ITD patients. These findings highlight C/EBPα activation as a targetable PR mechanism and support clinical studies aimed at testing the combination of guanfacine with FLT3i in overcoming PR and enhancing the efficacy of FLT3i therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Wang
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- College of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 210023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanghao Luo
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiaobei Hu
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, 528400, China
| | - Gaoya Xu
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Minmin Liu
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, 528400, China
| | - Jianan Li
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingfeng Fu
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Feng
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yutong Tu
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weijuan Kan
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chang Wang
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ran Xu
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, 528400, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jia Li
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 210023, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, 528400, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hartung EE, Singh K, Berg T. LSD1 inhibition modulates transcription factor networks in myeloid malignancies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1149754. [PMID: 36969082 PMCID: PMC10036816 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1149754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer of the blood system that is characterized by an accumulation of immature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and blood. Its pathogenesis is characterized by an increase in self-renewal and block in differentiation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Underlying its pathogenesis is the acquisition of mutations in these cells. As there are many different mutations found in AML that can occur in different combinations the disease is very heterogeneous. There has been some progress in the treatment of AML through the introduction of targeted therapies and a broader application of the stem cell transplantation in its treatment. However, many mutations found in AML are still lacking defined interventions. These are in particular mutations and dysregulation in important myeloid transcription factors and epigenetic regulators that also play a crucial role in normal hematopoietic differentiation. While a direct targeting of the partial loss-of-function or change in function observed in these factors is very difficult to imagine, recent data suggests that the inhibition of LSD1, an important epigenetic regulator, can modulate interactions in the network of myeloid transcription factors and restore differentiation in AML. Interestingly, the impact of LSD1 inhibition in this regard is quite different between normal and malignant hematopoiesis. The effect of LSD1 inhibition involves transcription factors that directly interact with LSD1 such as GFI1 and GFI1B, but also transcription factors that bind to enhancers that are modulated by LSD1 such as PU.1 and C/EBPα as well as transcription factors that are regulated downstream of LSD1 such as IRF8. In this review, we are summarizing the current literature on the impact of LSD1 modulation in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells and the current knowledge how the involved transcription factor networks are altered. We are also exploring how these modulation of transcription factors play into the rational selection of combination partners with LSD1 inhibitors, which is an intense area of clinical investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Hartung
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kanwaldeep Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tobias Berg
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Escarpment Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Tobias Berg,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
EVI1 drives leukemogenesis through aberrant ERG activation. Blood 2023; 141:453-466. [PMID: 36095844 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements involving the MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus (MECOM) on chromosome 3q26 define an aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is associated with chemotherapy resistance and dismal prognosis. Established treatment regimens commonly fail in these patients, therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic concepts that will require a better understanding of the molecular and cellular functions of the ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) oncogene. To characterize gene regulatory functions of EVI1 and associated dependencies in AML, we developed experimentally tractable human and murine disease models, investigated the transcriptional consequences of EVI1 withdrawal in vitro and in vivo, and performed the first genome-wide CRISPR screens in EVI1-dependent AML. By integrating conserved transcriptional targets with genetic dependency data, we identified and characterized the ETS transcription factor ERG as a direct transcriptional target of EVI1 that is aberrantly expressed and selectively required in both human and murine EVI1-driven AML. EVI1 controls the expression of ERG and occupies a conserved intragenic enhancer region in AML cell lines and samples from patients with primary AML. Suppression of ERG induces terminal differentiation of EVI1-driven AML cells, whereas ectopic expression of ERG abrogates their dependence on EVI1, indicating that the major oncogenic functions of EVI1 are mediated through aberrant transcriptional activation of ERG. Interfering with this regulatory axis may provide entry points for the development of rational targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pingul BY, Huang H, Chen Q, Alikarami F, Zhang Z, Qi J, Bernt KM, Berger SL, Cao Z, Shi J. Dissection of the MEF2D-IRF8 transcriptional circuit dependency in acute myeloid leukemia. iScience 2022; 25:105139. [PMID: 36193052 PMCID: PMC9526175 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional dysregulation is a prominent feature in leukemia. Here, we systematically surveyed transcription factor (TF) vulnerabilities in leukemia and uncovered TF clusters that exhibit context-specific vulnerabilities within and between different subtypes of leukemia. Among these TF clusters, we demonstrated that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with high IRF8 expression was addicted to MEF2D. MEF2D and IRF8 form an autoregulatory loop via direct binding to mutual enhancer elements. One important function of this circuit in AML is to sustain PU.1/MEIS1 co-regulated transcriptional outputs via stabilizing PU.1’s chromatin occupancy. We illustrated that AML could acquire dependency on this circuit through various oncogenic mechanisms that results in the activation of their enhancers. In addition to forming a circuit, MEF2D and IRF8 can also separately regulate gene expression, and dual perturbation of these two TFs leads to a more robust inhibition of AML proliferation. Collectively, our results revealed a TF circuit essential for AML survival. MEF2D is a context-specific vulnerability in IRF8hi AML MEF2D and IRF8 form a transcriptional circuit via binding to each other’s enhancers MEF2D-IRF8 circuit supports PU.1’s chromatin occupancy and transcriptional output MEF2D and IRF8 can regulate separate gene expression programs alongside the circuit
Collapse
|
9
|
Mouse Models of Frequently Mutated Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246192. [PMID: 34944812 PMCID: PMC8699817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous blood cancer with variable prognosis and response to conventional therapies. Comprehensive sequencing enabled the discovery of recurrent mutations and chromosomal aberrations in AML. Mouse models are essential to study the biological function of these genes and to identify relevant drug targets. This comprehensive review describes the evidence currently available from mouse models for the leukemogenic function of mutations in seven functional gene groups: cell signaling genes, epigenetic modifier genes, nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), transcription factors, tumor suppressors, spliceosome genes, and cohesin complex genes. Additionally, we provide a synergy map of frequently cooperating mutations in AML development and correlate prognosis of these mutations with leukemogenicity in mouse models to better understand the co-dependence of mutations in AML.
Collapse
|
10
|
Role of the HOXA cluster in HSC emergence and blood cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1817-1827. [PMID: 34374409 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis, the process of blood formation, is controlled by a complex developmental program that involves intrinsic and extrinsic regulators. Blood formation is critical to normal embryonic development and during embryogenesis distinct waves of hematopoiesis have been defined that represent the emergence of hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. The Class I family of homeobox (HOX) genes are also critical for normal embryonic development, whereby mutations are associated with malformations and deformity. Recently, members of the HOXA cluster (comprising 11 genes and non-coding RNA elements) have been associated with the emergence and maintenance of long-term repopulating HSCs. Previous studies identified a gradient of HOXA expression from high in HSCs to low in circulating peripheral cells, indicating their importance in maintaining blood cell numbers and differentiation state. Indeed, dysregulation of HOXA genes either directly or by genetic lesions of upstream regulators correlates with a malignant phenotype. This review discusses the role of the HOXA cluster in both HSC emergence and blood cancer formation highlighting the need for further research to identify specific roles of these master regulators in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
Collapse
|
11
|
ZMYND8-regulated IRF8 transcription axis is an acute myeloid leukemia dependency. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3604-3622.e10. [PMID: 34358447 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transformed state in acute leukemia requires gene regulatory programs involving transcription factors and chromatin modulators. Here, we uncover an IRF8-MEF2D transcriptional circuit as an acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-biased dependency. We discover and characterize the mechanism by which the chromatin "reader" ZMYND8 directly activates IRF8 in parallel with the MYC proto-oncogene through their lineage-specific enhancers. ZMYND8 is essential for AML proliferation in vitro and in vivo and associates with MYC and IRF8 enhancer elements that we define in cell lines and in patient samples. ZMYND8 occupancy at IRF8 and MYC enhancers requires BRD4, a transcription coactivator also necessary for AML proliferation. We show that ZMYND8 binds to the ET domain of BRD4 via its chromatin reader cassette, which in turn is required for proper chromatin occupancy and maintenance of leukemic growth in vivo. Our results rationalize ZMYND8 as a potential therapeutic target for modulating essential transcriptional programs in AML.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gentle IE, Moelter I, Badr MT, Döhner K, Lübbert M, Häcker G. The AML-associated K313 mutation enhances C/EBPα activity by leading to C/EBPα overexpression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:675. [PMID: 34226527 PMCID: PMC8257693 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the transcription factor C/EBPα are found in ~10% of all acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cases but the contribution of these mutations to leukemogenesis is incompletely understood. We here use a mouse model of granulocyte progenitors expressing conditionally active HoxB8 to assess the cell biological and molecular activity of C/EBPα-mutations associated with human AML. Both N-terminal truncation and C-terminal AML-associated mutations of C/EBPα substantially altered differentiation of progenitors into mature neutrophils in cell culture. Closer analysis of the C/EBPα-K313-duplication showed expansion and prolonged survival of mutant C/EBPα-expressing granulocytes following adoptive transfer into mice. C/EBPα-protein containing the K313-mutation further showed strongly enhanced transcriptional activity compared with the wild-type protein at certain promoters. Analysis of differentially regulated genes in cells overexpressing C/EBPα-K313 indicates a strong correlation with genes regulated by C/EBPα. Analysis of transcription factor enrichment in the differentially regulated genes indicated a strong reliance of SPI1/PU.1, suggesting that despite reduced DNA binding, C/EBPα-K313 is active in regulating target gene expression and acts largely through a network of other transcription factors. Strikingly, the K313 mutation caused strongly elevated expression of C/EBPα-protein, which could also be seen in primary K313 mutated AML blasts, explaining the enhanced C/EBPα activity in K313-expressing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Edward Gentle
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Isabel Moelter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Tarek Badr
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The core binding factor composed of CBFβ and RUNX subunits plays a critical role in most hematopoietic lineages and is deregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The fusion oncogene CBFβ-SMMHC expressed in AML with the chromosome inversion inv(16)(p13q22) acts as a driver oncogene in hematopoietic stem cells and induces AML. This review focuses on novel insights regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in CBFβ-SMMHC-driven leukemogenesis and recent advances in therapeutic approaches to target CBFβ-SMMHC in inv(16) AML.
Collapse
|
14
|
Trib1 promotes acute myeloid leukemia progression by modulating the transcriptional programs of Hoxa9. Blood 2021; 137:75-88. [PMID: 32730594 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pseudokinase Trib1 functions as a myeloid oncogene that recruits the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 to C/EBPα and interacts with MEK1 to enhance extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. A close genetic effect of Trib1 on Hoxa9 has been observed in myeloid leukemogenesis, where Trib1 overexpression significantly accelerates Hoxa9-induced leukemia onset. However, the mechanism underlying how Trib1 functionally modulates Hoxa9 transcription activity is unclear. Herein, we provide evidence that Trib1 modulates Hoxa9-associated super-enhancers. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis identified increased histone H3K27Ac signals at super-enhancers of the Erg, Spns2, Rgl1, and Pik3cd loci, as well as increased messenger RNA expression of these genes. Modification of super-enhancer activity was mostly achieved via the degradation of C/EBPα p42 by Trib1, with a slight contribution from the MEK/ERK pathway. Silencing of Erg abrogated the growth advantage acquired by Trib1 overexpression, indicating that Erg is a critical downstream target of the Trib1/Hoxa9 axis. Moreover, treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells with the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 showed growth inhibition in a Trib1/Erg-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of ERG by TRIB1 was also observed in human AML cell lines, suggesting that Trib1 is a potential therapeutic target of Hoxa9-associated AML. Taken together, our study demonstrates a novel mechanism by which Trib1 modulates chromatin and Hoxa9-driven transcription in myeloid leukemogenesis.
Collapse
|
15
|
You L, Li F, Sun Y, Luo L, Qin J, Wang T, Liu Y, Lai R, Li R, Guo X, Mai Q, Pan Y, Xu J, Li N. Extract of Acalypha australis L. inhibits lipid accumulation and ameliorates HFD-induced obesity in mice through regulating adipose differentiation by decreasing PPARγ and CEBP/α expression. Food Nutr Res 2021. [PMID: 33776618 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a principal risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Natural plants and/or foods play an important role in the management of obesity. Acalypha australis L. (AAL) is a kind of potherb popular among Asian populations, and it is also consumed as a food ingredient and traditional herbal medicine. Objective We investigated the effects of water extract from AAL on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes to develop a new functional food material. Design Nine-week-old male mice were randomly divided into control (chow diet, n = 6) and HFD (n = 30) group. From 12-weeks onward, mice in the HFD group were further separated into model (saline, 6 mL/kg), simvastatin (0.11 mg/mL, 6 mL/kg), and AAL treatment (low, middle, and high dosage: 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg) group, with 6 animals per group, while mice in the control group were treated with saline (6 mL/kg). Food intake, body/fat weight, liver/kidney indexes, and lipid profiles were determined. Tissues were fixed with formalin for pathological examination. Western blotting and PCR were performed to evaluate the protein and mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oil Red O staining was used to determine lipid accumulation. Results AAL administration significantly suppressed body weight gain, and reduced fat pad weight and Lee's index in obese mice, but had no effect on liver/kidney index. AAL also reduced serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C and increased HDL-C levels. Histological analysis revealed that AAL significantly ameliorated lipid accumulation in the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue. In vitro, Oil Red O staining showed that AAL inhibited adipose differentiation by down-regulating the gene and protein expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. AAL also reversed HFD-induced intestinal dysbacteriosis. Conclusion AAL water-soluble extract has a significant anti-adipogenic effect in the HFD-induced obese mice model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lang You
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengxia Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruogu Lai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruohan Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoran Guo
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuyan Mai
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihang Pan
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
You L, Li F, Sun Y, Luo L, Qin J, Wang T, Liu Y, Lai R, Li R, Guo X, Mai Q, Pan Y, Xu J, Li N. Extract of Acalypha australis L. inhibits lipid accumulation and ameliorates HFD-induced obesity in mice through regulating adipose differentiation by decreasing PPARγ and CEBP/α expression. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:4246. [PMID: 33776618 PMCID: PMC7955518 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a principal risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Natural plants and/or foods play an important role in the management of obesity. Acalypha australis L. (AAL) is a kind of potherb popular among Asian populations, and it is also consumed as a food ingredient and traditional herbal medicine. Objective We investigated the effects of water extract from AAL on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes to develop a new functional food material. Design Nine-week-old male mice were randomly divided into control (chow diet, n = 6) and HFD (n = 30) group. From 12-weeks onward, mice in the HFD group were further separated into model (saline, 6 mL/kg), simvastatin (0.11 mg/mL, 6 mL/kg), and AAL treatment (low, middle, and high dosage: 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg) group, with 6 animals per group, while mice in the control group were treated with saline (6 mL/kg). Food intake, body/fat weight, liver/kidney indexes, and lipid profiles were determined. Tissues were fixed with formalin for pathological examination. Western blotting and PCR were performed to evaluate the protein and mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oil Red O staining was used to determine lipid accumulation. Results AAL administration significantly suppressed body weight gain, and reduced fat pad weight and Lee’s index in obese mice, but had no effect on liver/kidney index. AAL also reduced serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C and increased HDL-C levels. Histological analysis revealed that AAL significantly ameliorated lipid accumulation in the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue. In vitro, Oil Red O staining showed that AAL inhibited adipose differentiation by down-regulating the gene and protein expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. AAL also reversed HFD-induced intestinal dysbacteriosis. Conclusion AAL water-soluble extract has a significant anti-adipogenic effect in the HFD-induced obese mice model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lang You
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengxia Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruogu Lai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruohan Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoran Guo
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuyan Mai
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihang Pan
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ultimate Precision: Targeting Cancer But Not Normal Self-Replication. Lung Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74028-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Wesolowski R, Kowenz-Leutz E, Zimmermann K, Dörr D, Hofstätter M, Slany RK, Mildner A, Leutz A. Myeloid transformation by MLL- ENL depends strictly on C/EBP. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202000709. [PMID: 33144337 PMCID: PMC7652399 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements of the mixed-lineage leukemia gene MLL1 are the hallmark of infant acute leukemia. The granulocyte-macrophage progenitor state forms the epigenetic basis for myelomonocytic leukemia stemness and transformation by MLL-type oncoproteins. Previously, it was shown that the establishment of murine myelomonocytic MLL-ENL transformation, but not its maintenance, depends on the transcription factor C/EBPα, suggesting an epigenetic hit-and-run mechanism of MLL-driven oncogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that compound deletion of Cebpa/Cebpb almost entirely abrogated the growth and survival of MLL-ENL-transformed cells. Rare, slow-growing, and apoptosis-prone MLL-ENL-transformed escapees were recovered from compound Cebpa/Cebpb deletions. The escapees were uniformly characterized by high expression of the resident Cebpe gene, suggesting inferior functional compensation of C/EBPα/C/EBPβ deficiency by C/EBPε. Complementation was augmented by ectopic C/EBPβ expression and downstream activation of IGF1 that enhanced growth. Cebpe gene inactivation was accomplished only in the presence of complementing C/EBPβ, but not in its absence, confirming the Cebpe dependency of the Cebpa/Cebpb double knockouts. Our data show that MLL-transformed myeloid cells are dependent on C/EBPs during the initiation and maintenance of transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dorothea Dörr
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Robert K Slany
- Department of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Achim Leutz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Su R, Dong L, Li Y, Gao M, Han L, Wunderlich M, Deng X, Li H, Huang Y, Gao L, Li C, Zhao Z, Robinson S, Tan B, Qing Y, Qin X, Prince E, Xie J, Qin H, Li W, Shen C, Sun J, Kulkarni P, Weng H, Huang H, Chen Z, Zhang B, Wu X, Olsen MJ, Müschen M, Marcucci G, Salgia R, Li L, Fathi AT, Li Z, Mulloy JC, Wei M, Horne D, Chen J. Targeting FTO Suppresses Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance and Immune Evasion. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:79-96.e11. [PMID: 32531268 PMCID: PMC7363590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), an RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase, plays oncogenic roles in various cancers, presenting an opportunity for the development of effective targeted therapeutics. Here, we report two potent small-molecule FTO inhibitors that exhibit strong anti-tumor effects in multiple types of cancers. We show that genetic depletion and pharmacological inhibition of FTO dramatically attenuate leukemia stem/initiating cell self-renewal and reprogram immune response by suppressing expression of immune checkpoint genes, especially LILRB4. FTO inhibition sensitizes leukemia cells to T cell cytotoxicity and overcomes hypomethylating agent-induced immune evasion. Our study demonstrates that FTO plays critical roles in cancer stem cell self-renewal and immune evasion and highlights the broad potential of targeting FTO for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Yangchan Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineer (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chenying Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 31003, China
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Sean Robinson
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Brandon Tan
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Ying Qing
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Xi Qin
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Emily Prince
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hanjun Qin
- The Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hengyou Weng
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Huilin Huang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- The Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mark J Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Amir T Fathi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zejuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sarrou E, Richmond L, Carmody RJ, Gibson B, Keeshan K. CRISPR Gene Editing of Murine Blood Stem and Progenitor Cells Induces MLL-AF9 Chromosomal Translocation and MLL-AF9 Leukaemogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124266. [PMID: 32549410 PMCID: PMC7352880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements of the mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL, also known as KMT2A) gene on chromosome 11q23 are amongst the most common genetic abnormalities observed in human acute leukaemias. MLL rearrangements (MLLr) are the most common cytogenetic abnormalities in infant and childhood acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) and do not normally acquire secondary mutations compared to other leukaemias. To model these leukaemias, we have used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing to induce MLL-AF9 (MA9) chromosomal rearrangements in murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell lines and primary cells. By utilizing a dual-single guide RNA (sgRNA) approach targeting the breakpoint cluster region of murine Mll and Af9 equivalent to that in human MA9 rearrangements, we show efficient de novo generation of MA9 fusion product at the DNA and RNA levels in the bulk population. The leukaemic features of MA9-induced disease were observed including increased clonogenicity, enrichment of c-Kit-positive leukaemic stem cells and increased MA9 target gene expression. This approach provided a rapid and reliable means of de novo generation of Mll-Af9 genetic rearrangements in murine haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to produce a cellular model of MA9 leukaemias which faithfully reproduces many features of the human disease in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Sarrou
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK; (E.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Laura Richmond
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK; (E.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Ruaidhrí J. Carmody
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK;
| | | | - Karen Keeshan
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK; (E.S.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schwaller J. Learning from mouse models of MLL fusion gene-driven acute leukemia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194550. [PMID: 32320749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
5-10% of human acute leukemias carry chromosomal translocations involving the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene that result in the expression of chimeric protein fusing MLL to >80 different partners of which AF4, ENL and AF9 are the most prevalent. In contrast to many other leukemia-associated mutations, several MLL-fusions are powerful oncogenes that transform hematopoietic stem cells but also more committed progenitor cells. Here, I review different approaches that were used to express MLL fusions in the murine hematopoietic system which often, but not always, resulted in highly penetrant and transplantable leukemias that closely phenocopied the human disease. Due to its simple and reliable nature, reconstitution of irradiated mice with bone marrow cells retrovirally expressing the MLL-AF9 fusion became the most frequently in vivo model to study the biology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). I review some of the most influential studies that used this model to dissect critical protein interactions, the impact of epigenetic regulators, microRNAs and microenvironment-dependent signals for MLL fusion-driven leukemia. In addition, I highlight studies that used this model for shRNA- or genome editing-based screens for cellular vulnerabilities that allowed to identify novel therapeutic targets of which some entered clinical trials. Finally, I discuss some inherent characteristics of the widely used mouse model based on retroviral expression of the MLL-AF9 fusion that can limit general conclusions for the biology of AML. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The MLL family of proteins in normal development and disease edited by Thomas A Milne.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juerg Schwaller
- University Children's Hospital Beider Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Q, Lu Z, Jin M, Fei X, Quan K, Liu Y, Ma L, Chu M, Wang H, Wei C. Verification and Analysis of Sheep Tail Type-Associated PDGF-D Gene Polymorphisms. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010089. [PMID: 31935823 PMCID: PMC7022463 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary PDGF-D can be considered a candidate gene for selection for sheep tail type. This study investigated genetic variation of the PDGF-D gene in sheep with different tail types verified at a cellular level and revealed the molecular mechanism of PDGF-D in sheep tail fat deposition. We detected a total of two SNPs among 533 sheep. g.4122606 C > G site was significantly correlated with tail length, and g.3852134 C > T site was significantly correlated with tail width. In addition, overexpression of PDGF-D in sheep preadipocytes can promote adipogenic differentiation. The PDGF-D gene may participate in sheep tail fat deposition and could be used for molecular marker-assisted selection of sheep tail type. Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) gene and sheep tail type character and explore the potential underlying mechanism. A total of 533 sheep were included in this study. Polymorphic sites were examined by Pool-seq, and individual genotype identification and correlation analysis between tail type data were conducted using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) method. JASPART website was used to predict transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region with and without PDGF-D gene mutation. The effect of PDGF-D on adipogenic differentiation of sheep preadipocytes was investigated. Two single nucleotide polymorphism sites were identified: g.4122606 C > G site was significantly correlated with tail length, and g.3852134 C > T site was significantly correlated with tail width. g.3852134 C > T was located in the promoter region. Six transcription factor binding sites were eliminated after promoter mutation, and three new transcription factor binding sites appeared. Expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and lipoproteinlipase (LPL) were significantly up-regulated upon PDGF-D overexpression. Oil red O staining showed increased small and large oil drops in the PDGF-D overexpression group. Together these results indicate the PDGF-D gene is an important gene controlling sheep tail shape and regulating sheep tail fat deposition to a certain degree.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.L.); (M.J.); (X.F.); (L.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Zengkui Lu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China;
| | - Meilin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.L.); (M.J.); (X.F.); (L.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Xiaojuan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.L.); (M.J.); (X.F.); (L.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Kai Quan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Yongbin Liu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.L.); (M.J.); (X.F.); (L.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.L.); (M.J.); (X.F.); (L.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Huihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.L.); (M.J.); (X.F.); (L.M.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Caihong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Q.L.); (M.J.); (X.F.); (L.M.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (C.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen X, Burkhardt DB, Hartman AA, Hu X, Eastman AE, Sun C, Wang X, Zhong M, Krishnaswamy S, Guo S. MLL-AF9 initiates transformation from fast-proliferating myeloid progenitors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5767. [PMID: 31852898 PMCID: PMC6920141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a hyper-proliferative disease. Whether the proliferative state originates from the cell-of-origin or emerges later remains difficult to resolve. By tracking de novo transformation from normal hematopoietic progenitors expressing an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) oncogene MLL-AF9, we reveal that the cell cycle rate heterogeneity among granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs) determines their probability of transformation. A fast cell cycle intrinsic to these progenitors provide permissiveness for transformation, with the fastest cycling 3% GMPs acquiring malignancy with near certainty. Molecularly, we propose that MLL-AF9 preserves gene expression of the cellular states in which it is expressed. As such, when expressed in the naturally-existing, rapidly-cycling immature myeloid progenitors, this cell state becomes perpetuated, yielding malignancy. In humans, high CCND1 expression predicts worse prognosis for MLL fusion AMLs. Our work elucidates one of the earliest steps toward malignancy and suggests that modifying the cycling state of the cell-of-origin could be a preventative approach against malignancy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Knock-In Techniques
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Male
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myeloid Progenitor Cells/pathology
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Primary Cell Culture
- Prognosis
- Pyridines/administration & dosage
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | | | - Amaleah A. Hartman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Anna E. Eastman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Xujun Wang
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | | | - Shangqin Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Braun TP, Okhovat M, Coblentz C, Carratt SA, Foley A, Schonrock Z, Curtiss BM, Nevonen K, Davis B, Garcia B, LaTocha D, Weeder BR, Grzadkowski MR, Estabrook JC, Manning HG, Watanabe-Smith K, Jeng S, Smith JL, Leonti AR, Ries RE, McWeeney S, Di Genua C, Drissen R, Nerlov C, Meshinchi S, Carbone L, Druker BJ, Maxson JE. Myeloid lineage enhancers drive oncogene synergy in CEBPA/CSF3R mutant acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5455. [PMID: 31784538 PMCID: PMC6884457 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) develops due to the acquisition of mutations from multiple functional classes. Here, we demonstrate that activating mutations in the granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor (CSF3R), cooperate with loss of function mutations in the transcription factor CEBPA to promote acute leukemia development. The interaction between these distinct classes of mutations occurs at the level of myeloid lineage enhancers where mutant CEBPA prevents activation of a subset of differentiation associated enhancers. To confirm this enhancer-dependent mechanism, we demonstrate that CEBPA mutations must occur as the initial event in AML initiation. This improved mechanistic understanding will facilitate therapeutic development targeting the intersection of oncogene cooperativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore P. Braun
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Mariam Okhovat
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Cody Coblentz
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Sarah A. Carratt
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Amy Foley
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Zachary Schonrock
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Brittany M. Curtiss
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Kimberly Nevonen
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Brett Davis
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Brianna Garcia
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Dorian LaTocha
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Benjamin R. Weeder
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Michal R. Grzadkowski
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Joey C. Estabrook
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Hannah G. Manning
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Kevin Watanabe-Smith
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Sophia Jeng
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Jenny L. Smith
- 0000 0001 2180 1622grid.270240.3Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Amanda R. Leonti
- 0000 0001 2180 1622grid.270240.3Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Rhonda E. Ries
- 0000 0001 2180 1622grid.270240.3Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Shannon McWeeney
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Cristina Di Genua
- 0000 0001 2306 7492grid.8348.7MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
| | - Roy Drissen
- 0000 0001 2306 7492grid.8348.7MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
| | - Claus Nerlov
- 0000 0001 2306 7492grid.8348.7MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- 0000 0001 2180 1622grid.270240.3Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109 USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Lucia Carbone
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Brian J. Druker
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0001 2167 1581grid.413575.1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR USA
| | - Julia E. Maxson
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lu B, Klingbeil O, Tarumoto Y, Somerville TDD, Huang YH, Wei Y, Wai DC, Low JKK, Milazzo JP, Wu XS, Cao Z, Yan X, Demerdash OE, Huang G, Mackay JP, Kinney JB, Shi J, Vakoc CR. A Transcription Factor Addiction in Leukemia Imposed by the MLL Promoter Sequence. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:970-981.e8. [PMID: 30503706 PMCID: PMC6554023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Mixed Lineage Leukemia gene (MLL) is altered in leukemia by chromosomal translocations to produce oncoproteins composed of the MLL N-terminus fused to the C-terminus of a partner protein. Here, we used domain-focused CRISPR screening to identify ZFP64 as an essential transcription factor in MLL-rearranged leukemia. We show that the critical function of ZFP64 in leukemia is to maintain MLL expression via binding to the MLL promoter, which is the most enriched location of ZFP64 occupancy in the human genome. The specificity of ZFP64 for MLL is accounted for by an exceptional density of ZFP64 motifs embedded within the MLL promoter. These findings demonstrate how a sequence anomaly of an oncogene promoter can impose a transcriptional addiction in cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- HEK293 Cells
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute/pathology
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- THP-1 Cells
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Translocation, Genetic
- Transplantation, Heterologous
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Olaf Klingbeil
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Yusuke Tarumoto
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Yu-Han Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Yiliang Wei
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Dorothy C Wai
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jason K K Low
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Joseph P Milazzo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Xiaoli S Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Zhendong Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - Gang Huang
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joel P Mackay
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Justin B Kinney
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Junwei Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Velcheti V, Schrump D, Saunthararajah Y. Ultimate Precision: Targeting Cancer but Not Normal Self-replication. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 38:950-963. [PMID: 30231326 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_199753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Self-replication is the engine that drives all biologic evolution, including neoplastic evolution. A key oncotherapy challenge is to target this, the heart of malignancy, while sparing the normal self-replication mandatory for health and life. Self-replication can be demystified: it is activation of replication, the most ancient of cell programs, uncoupled from activation of lineage-differentiation, metazoan programs more recent in origin. The uncoupling can be physiologic, as in normal tissue stem cells, or pathologic, as in cancer. Neoplastic evolution selects to disengage replication from forward-differentiation where intrinsic replication rates are the highest, in committed progenitors that have division times measured in hours versus weeks for tissue stem cells, via partial loss of function in master transcription factors that activate terminal-differentiation programs (e.g., GATA4) or in the coactivators they use for this purpose (e.g., ARID1A). These loss-of-function mutations bias master transcription factor circuits, which normally regulate corepressor versus coactivator recruitment, toward corepressors (e.g., DNMT1) that repress rather than activate terminal-differentiation genes. Pharmacologic inhibition of the corepressors rebalances to coactivator function, activating lineage-differentiation genes that dominantly antagonize MYC (the master transcription factor coordinator of replication) to terminate malignant self-replication. Physiologic self-replication continues, because the master transcription factors in tissue stem cells activate stem cell, not terminal-differentiation, programs. Druggable corepressor proteins are thus the barriers between self-replicating cancer cells and the terminal-differentiation fates intended by their master transcription factor content. This final common pathway to oncogenic self-replication, being separate and distinct from the normal, offers the favorable therapeutic indices needed for clinical progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vamsidhar Velcheti
- From the Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - David Schrump
- From the Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- From the Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Age-associated methylation change of CHI promoter in herbaceous peony ( Paeonia lactiflora Pall). Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180482. [PMID: 30061184 PMCID: PMC6137250 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcone isomerase gene (CHI) is a key gene that regulates the formation of yellow traits in petals. To reveal transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of CHI gene in petals of Paeonia lactiflora, we investigated the CHI expression using qPCR, the pigment content by HPLC, and methylation levels using BSP+Miseq sequencing in ‘Huangjinlun’ variety during different developmental stages including flower-bud stage (S1), initiating bloom (S2), bloom stage (S3), and withering stage (S4). Results showed that the expression level of CHI gene at S2 stage was significantly higher than that at other stages (P<0.05), and at S4 stage was extremely significantly lower than other stages (P<0.01). Besides, total anthocyanin, anthoxanthin, and flavonoid contents in petals presented a similar trend with CHI expression during developmental stages. A total of 16 CpG sites varying methylation levels were detected in CHI gene core promoter region, of which the methylation levels at mC-4 and mC-16 sites were extremely significantly negatively correlated with CHI mRNA expression (P<0.01). mC-16 site is located in the binding region of C/EBPα transcription factor, suggesting that methylation at the mC-16 site may inhibit the binding of C/EBPα to CHI promoter DNA, thereby regulating the tissue-specific expression of CHI gene. Our study revealed the expression pattern of CHI gene in petal tissues of P. lactiflora at different developmental stages, which is related to promoter methylation. Moreover, the important transcription regulation element–C/EBPα was identified, providing theoretical reference for in-depth study on the function of CHI gene in P. lactiflora.
Collapse
|
28
|
Gu X, Ebrahem Q, Mahfouz RZ, Hasipek M, Enane F, Radivoyevitch T, Rapin N, Przychodzen B, Hu Z, Balusu R, Cotta CV, Wald D, Argueta C, Landesman Y, Martelli MP, Falini B, Carraway H, Porse BT, Maciejewski J, Jha BK, Saunthararajah Y. Leukemogenic nucleophosmin mutation disrupts the transcription factor hub that regulates granulomonocytic fates. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4260-4279. [PMID: 30015632 PMCID: PMC6159976 DOI: 10.1172/jci97117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is among the most frequently mutated genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is not known, however, how the resulting oncoprotein mutant NPM1 is leukemogenic. To reveal the cellular machinery in which NPM1 participates in myeloid cells, we analyzed the endogenous NPM1 protein interactome by mass spectrometry and discovered abundant amounts of the master transcription factor driver of monocyte lineage differentiation PU.1 (also known as SPI1). Mutant NPM1, which aberrantly accumulates in cytoplasm, dislocated PU.1 into cytoplasm with it. CEBPA and RUNX1, the master transcription factors that collaborate with PU.1 to activate granulomonocytic lineage fates, remained nuclear; but without PU.1, their coregulator interactions were toggled from coactivators to corepressors, repressing instead of activating more than 500 granulocyte and monocyte terminal differentiation genes. An inhibitor of nuclear export, selinexor, by locking mutant NPM1/PU.1 in the nucleus, activated terminal monocytic fates. Direct depletion of the corepressor DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) from the CEBPA/RUNX1 protein interactome using the clinical drug decitabine activated terminal granulocytic fates. Together, these noncytotoxic treatments extended survival by more than 160 days versus vehicle in a patient-derived xenotransplant model of NPM1/FLT3-mutated AML. In sum, mutant NPM1 represses monocyte and granulocyte terminal differentiation by disrupting PU.1/CEBPA/RUNX1 collaboration, a transforming action that can be reversed by pharmacodynamically directed dosing of clinical small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Gu
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Quteba Ebrahem
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Reda Z. Mahfouz
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Metis Hasipek
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Francis Enane
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tomas Radivoyevitch
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicolas Rapin
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bartlomiej Przychodzen
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhenbo Hu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ramesh Balusu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Claudiu V. Cotta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tomsich Pathology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David Wald
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Maria Paola Martelli
- Institute of Hematology, Center for Research in Hematology-Oncology (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology, Center for Research in Hematology-Oncology (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Hetty Carraway
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bo T. Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaroslaw Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Babal K. Jha
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
SHI T, YE X. [Roles of CCAAT enhancer binding protein α in acute myeloblastic leukemia]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2018; 47:552-557. [PMID: 30693699 PMCID: PMC10393672 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2018.10.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBP α:p42 and p30),which encoded by CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) gene,plays a pretty crucial role in the regulation of myeloid hematopoiesis.The disorder of CEBPA gene expression is an pivotal mechanism of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The result of uncontrolled expression of C/EBP α gene is the over-expression of p30 and the incomplete loss of p42, both of which contribute to the occurrence of AML. Restoring the expression ratio of C/EBP α such as over-expression of p42 or blocking the carcinogenic pathway of p30 seems to be important for the treatment of AML caused by such causes. In order to better guide medical decision-making, this article reviews research progress on C/EBPα in the pathogenesis of AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiujin YE
- 叶琇锦(1962-), 女, 博士, 主任医师, 硕士生导师, 主要从事血液系统恶性疾病研究, E-mail:
,
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1264-0307
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Skucha A, Ebner J, Schmöllerl J, Roth M, Eder T, César-Razquin A, Stukalov A, Vittori S, Muhar M, Lu B, Aichinger M, Jude J, Müller AC, Győrffy B, Vakoc CR, Valent P, Bennett KL, Zuber J, Superti-Furga G, Grebien F. MLL-fusion-driven leukemia requires SETD2 to safeguard genomic integrity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1983. [PMID: 29777171 PMCID: PMC5959866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MLL-fusions represent a large group of leukemia drivers, whose diversity originates from the vast molecular heterogeneity of C-terminal fusion partners of MLL. While studies of selected MLL-fusions have revealed critical molecular pathways, unifying mechanisms across all MLL-fusions remain poorly understood. We present the first comprehensive survey of protein-protein interactions of seven distantly related MLL-fusion proteins. Functional investigation of 128 conserved MLL-fusion-interactors identifies a specific role for the lysine methyltransferase SETD2 in MLL-leukemia. SETD2 loss causes growth arrest and differentiation of AML cells, and leads to increased DNA damage. In addition to its role in H3K36 tri-methylation, SETD2 is required to maintain high H3K79 di-methylation and MLL-AF9-binding to critical target genes, such as Hoxa9. SETD2 loss synergizes with pharmacologic inhibition of the H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L to induce DNA damage, growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. These results uncover a dependency for SETD2 during MLL-leukemogenesis, revealing a novel actionable vulnerability in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skucha
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Jessica Ebner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | | | - Mareike Roth
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Thomas Eder
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Adrián César-Razquin
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Alexey Stukalov
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sarah Vittori
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Matthias Muhar
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Bin Lu
- Cold Spring Harbor Larboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, 11724, NY, USA
| | - Martin Aichinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Julian Jude
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - André C Müller
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Second Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | | | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I. Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1210, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
LSD1 inhibition exerts its antileukemic effect by recommissioning PU.1- and C/EBPα-dependent enhancers in AML. Blood 2018; 131:1730-1742. [PMID: 29453291 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-807024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators are recurrently mutated and aberrantly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Targeted therapies designed to inhibit these chromatin-modifying enzymes, such as the histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and the histone methyltransferase DOT1L, have been developed as novel treatment modalities for these often refractory diseases. A common feature of many of these targeted agents is their ability to induce myeloid differentiation, suggesting that multiple paths toward a myeloid gene expression program can be engaged to relieve the differentiation blockade that is uniformly seen in AML. We performed a comparative assessment of chromatin dynamics during the treatment of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-AF9-driven murine leukemias and MLL-rearranged patient-derived xenografts using 2 distinct but effective differentiation-inducing targeted epigenetic therapies, the LSD1 inhibitor GSK-LSD1 and the DOT1L inhibitor EPZ4777. Intriguingly, GSK-LSD1 treatment caused global gains in chromatin accessibility, whereas treatment with EPZ4777 caused global losses in accessibility. We captured PU.1 and C/EBPα motif signatures at LSD1 inhibitor-induced dynamic sites and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing revealed co-occupancy of these myeloid transcription factors at these sites. Functionally, we confirmed that diminished expression of PU.1 or genetic deletion of C/EBPα in MLL-AF9 cells generates resistance of these leukemias to LSD1 inhibition. These findings reveal that pharmacologic inhibition of LSD1 represents a unique path to overcome the differentiation block in AML for therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
|
32
|
Loke J, Chin PS, Keane P, Pickin A, Assi SA, Ptasinska A, Imperato MR, Cockerill PN, Bonifer C. C/EBPα overrides epigenetic reprogramming by oncogenic transcription factors in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2018; 2:271-284. [PMID: 29431622 PMCID: PMC5812331 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017012781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease caused by recurrent mutations in the transcription regulatory machinery, resulting in abnormal growth and a block in differentiation. One type of recurrent mutations affects RUNX1, which is subject to mutations and translocations, the latter giving rise to fusion proteins with aberrant transcriptional activities. We recently compared the mechanism by which the products of the t(8;21) and the t(3;21) translocation RUNX1-ETO and RUNX1-EVI1 reprogram the epigenome. We demonstrated that a main component of the block in differentiation in both types of AML is direct repression of the gene encoding the myeloid regulator C/EBPα by both fusion proteins. Here, we examined at the global level whether C/EBPα is able to reverse aberrant chromatin programming in t(8;21) and t(3;21) AML. C/EBPα overexpression does not change oncoprotein expression or globally displace these proteins from their binding sites. Instead, it upregulates a core set of common target genes important for myeloid differentiation and represses genes regulating leukemia maintenance. This study, therefore, identifies common CEBPA-regulated pathways as targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Loke
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paulynn Suyin Chin
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Keane
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Pickin
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Salam A Assi
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anetta Ptasinska
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Rosaria Imperato
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N Cockerill
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Su R, Dong L, Li C, Nachtergaele S, Wunderlich M, Qing Y, Deng X, Wang Y, Weng X, Hu C, Yu M, Skibbe J, Dai Q, Zou D, Wu T, Yu K, Weng H, Huang H, Ferchen K, Qin X, Zhang B, Qi J, Sasaki AT, Plas DR, Bradner JE, Wei M, Marcucci G, Jiang X, Mulloy JC, Jin J, He C, Chen J. R-2HG Exhibits Anti-tumor Activity by Targeting FTO/m 6A/MYC/CEBPA Signaling. Cell 2017; 172:90-105.e23. [PMID: 29249359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 736] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG), produced at high levels by mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) enzymes, was reported as an oncometabolite. We show here that R-2HG also exerts a broad anti-leukemic activity in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting leukemia cell proliferation/viability and by promoting cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mechanistically, R-2HG inhibits fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) activity, thereby increasing global N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in R-2HG-sensitive leukemia cells, which in turn decreases the stability of MYC/CEBPA transcripts, leading to the suppression of relevant pathways. Ectopically expressed mutant IDH1 and S-2HG recapitulate the effects of R-2HG. High levels of FTO sensitize leukemic cells to R-2HG, whereas hyperactivation of MYC signaling confers resistance that can be reversed by the inhibition of MYC signaling. R-2HG also displays anti-tumor activity in glioma. Collectively, while R-2HG accumulated in IDH1/2 mutant cancers contributes to cancer initiation, our work demonstrates anti-tumor effects of 2HG in inhibiting proliferation/survival of FTO-high cancer cells via targeting FTO/m6A/MYC/CEBPA signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Chenying Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Sigrid Nachtergaele
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ying Qing
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yungui Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xiaocheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Mengxia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Jennifer Skibbe
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Qing Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dongling Zou
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; Depart of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute and Hospital and Cancer Center, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kangkang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hengyou Weng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Huilin Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Kyle Ferchen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Xi Qin
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Atsuo T Sasaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - David R Plas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Afrin S, Zhang CRC, Meyer C, Stinson CL, Pham T, Bruxner TJC, Venn NC, Trahair TN, Sutton R, Marschalek R, Fink JL, Moore AS. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing for Detecting MLL Gene Fusions in Leukemia. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:279-285. [PMID: 29133595 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangements characterize approximately 70% of infant and 10% of adult and therapy-related leukemia. Conventional clinical diagnostics, including cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) fail to detect MLL translocation partner genes (TPG) in many patients. Long-distance inverse (LDI)-PCR, the "gold standard" technique that is used to characterize MLL breakpoints, is laborious and requires a large input of genomic DNA (gDNA). To overcome the limitations of current techniques, a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach that requires low RNA input was tested. Anchored multiplex PCR-based enrichment (AMP-E) was used to rapidly identify a broad range of MLL fusions in patient specimens. Libraries generated using Archer FusionPlex Heme and Myeloid panels were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Diagnostic specimens (n = 39) from pediatric leukemia patients were tested with AMP-E and validated by LDI-PCR. In concordance with LDI-PCR, the AMP-E method successfully identified TPGs without prior knowledge. AMP-E identified 10 different MLL fusions in the 39 samples. Only two specimens were discordant; AMP-E successfully identified a MLL-MLLT1 fusion where LDI-PCR had failed to determine the breakpoint, whereas a MLL-MLLT3 fusion was not detected by AMP-E due to low expression of the fusion transcript. Sensitivity assays demonstrated that AMP-E can detect MLL-AFF1 in MV4-11 cell dilutions of 10-7 and transcripts down to 0.005 copies/ng.Implications: This study demonstrates a NGS methodology with improved sensitivity compared with current diagnostic methods for MLL-rearranged leukemia. Furthermore, this assay rapidly and reliably identifies MLL partner genes and patient-specific fusion sequences that could be used for monitoring minimal residual disease. Mol Cancer Res; 16(2); 279-85. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christine R C Zhang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Claus Meyer
- Institute of Pharm. Biology/DCAL, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Caedyn L Stinson
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thy Pham
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timothy J C Bruxner
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola C Venn
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Toby N Trahair
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rosemary Sutton
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rolf Marschalek
- Institute of Pharm. Biology/DCAL, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - J Lynn Fink
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew S Moore
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Oncology Services Group, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia.,UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HOXA9 is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays an essential role in normal hematopoiesis and acute leukemia, in which its overexpression is strongly correlated with poor prognosis. The present review highlights recent advances in the understanding of genetic alterations leading to deregulation of HOXA9 and the downstream mechanisms of HOXA9-mediated transformation. RECENT FINDINGS A variety of genetic alterations including MLL translocations, NUP98-fusions, NPM1 mutations, CDX deregulation, and MOZ-fusions lead to high-level HOXA9 expression in acute leukemias. The mechanisms resulting in HOXA9 overexpression are beginning to be defined and represent attractive therapeutic targets. Small molecules targeting MLL-fusion protein complex members, such as DOT1L and menin, have shown promising results in animal models, and a DOT1L inhibitor is currently being tested in clinical trials. Essential HOXA9 cofactors and collaborators are also being identified, including transcription factors PU.1 and C/EBPα, which are required for HOXA9-driven leukemia. HOXA9 targets including IGF1, CDX4, INK4A/INK4B/ARF, mir-21, and mir-196b and many others provide another avenue for potential drug development. SUMMARY HOXA9 deregulation underlies a large subset of aggressive acute leukemias. Understanding the mechanisms regulating the expression and activity of HOXA9, along with its critical downstream targets, shows promise for the development of more selective and effective leukemia therapies.
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang L, Liu L, Gao H, Pinnamaneni JP, Sanagasetti D, Singh VP, Wang K, Mathison M, Zhang Q, Chen F, Mo Q, Rosengart T, Yang J. The stem cell factor SALL4 is an essential transcriptional regulator in mixed lineage leukemia-rearranged leukemogenesis. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:159. [PMID: 28974232 PMCID: PMC5627455 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stem cell factor spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) plays important roles in normal hematopoiesis and also in leukemogenesis. We previously reported that SALL4 exerts its effect by recruiting important epigenetic factors such as DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A). Both of these proteins are critically involved in mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemia, which has a very poor clinical prognosis. Recently, SALL4 has been further linked to the functions of MLL and its target gene homeobox A9 (HOXA9). However, it remains unclear whether SALL4 is indeed a key player in MLL-r leukemia pathogenesis. METHODS Using a mouse bone marrow retroviral transduction/ transplantation approach combined with tamoxifen-inducible, CreERT2-mediated Sall4 gene deletion, we studied SALL4 functions in leukemic transformation that was induced by MLL-AF9-one of the most common MLL-r oncoproteins found in patients. In addition, the underlying transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms were explored using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing (ChIP-Seq), mRNA microarray, qRT-PCR, histone modification, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), cell cycle, and apoptosis assays. The effects of SALL4 loss on normal hematopoiesis in mice were also investigated. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that SALL4 expression is critically required for MLL-AF9-induced leukemic transformation and disease progression in mice. Loss of SALL4 in MLL-AF9-transformed cells induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1. ChIP-Seq assay identified that Sall4 binds to key MLL-AF9 target genes and important MLL-r or non-MLL-r leukemia-related genes. ChIP-PCR assays indicated that SALL4 affects the levels of the histone modification markers H3K79me2/3 and H3K4me3 at MLL-AF9 target gene promoters by physically interacting with DOT1-like histone H3K79 methyltransferase (DOT1l) and LSD1/KDM1A, and thereby regulates transcript expression. Surprisingly, normal Sall4 f/f /CreERT2 mice treated with tamoxifen or vav-Cre-mediated (hematopoietic-specific) Sall4 -/- mice were healthy and displayed no significant hematopoietic defects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that SALL4 critically contributes to MLL-AF9-induced leukemia, unraveling the underlying transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms in this disease and suggesting that selectively targeting the SALL4 pathway may be a promising approach for managing human MLL-r leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jaya Pratap Pinnamaneni
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Deepthi Sanagasetti
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vivek P Singh
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Megumi Mathison
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qianzi Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Todd Rosengart
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
C/EBPα deregulation as a paradigm for leukemogenesis. Leukemia 2017; 31:2279-2285. [PMID: 28720765 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid master regulator CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) is deregulated by multiple mechanisms in leukemia. Inhibition of C/EBPα function plays pivotal roles in leukemogenesis. While much is known about how C/EBPα orchestrates granulopoiesis, our understanding of molecular transformation events, the role(s) of cooperating mutations and clonal evolution during C/EBPα deregulation in leukemia remains elusive. In this review, we will summarize the latest research addressing these topics with special emphasis on CEBPA mutations. We conclude by describing emerging therapeutic strategies to restore C/EBPα function.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Chromosome rearrangements involving the mixed-lineage leukemia gene (MLL) create MLL-fusion proteins, which could drive both acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The lineage decision of MLL-fusion leukemia is influenced by the fusion partner and microenvironment. To investigate the interplay of fusion proteins and microenvironment in lineage choice, we transplanted human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) expressing MLL-AF9 or MLL-Af4 into immunodeficient NSGS mice, which strongly promote myeloid development. Cells expressing MLL-AF9 efficiently developed AML in NSGS mice. In contrast, MLL-Af4 cells, which were fully oncogenic under lymphoid conditions present in NSG mice, displayed compromised transformation capacity in a myeloid microenvironment. MLL-Af4 activated a self-renewal program in a lineage-dependent manner, showing the leukemogenic activity of MLL-Af4 was interlinked with lymphoid lineage commitment. The C-terminal homology domain (CHD) of Af4 was sufficient to confer this linkage. Although the MLL-CHD fusion protein failed to immortalize HSPCs in myeloid conditions in vitro, it could successfully induce ALL in NSG mice. Our data suggest that defective self-renewal ability and leukemogenesis of MLL-Af4 myeloid cells could contribute to the strong B-cell ALL association of MLL-AF4 leukemia observed in the clinic.
Collapse
|
39
|
Wurm AA, Tenen DG, Behre G. The Janus-faced Nature of miR-22 in Hematopoiesis: Is It an Oncogenic Tumor Suppressor or Rather a Tumor-Suppressive Oncogene? PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006505. [PMID: 28081132 PMCID: PMC5230742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel G. Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gerhard Behre
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang S, Yang H, Li Y, Feng C, Gao L, Chen GF, Gao HH, Huang Z, Li YH, Yu L. Prognostic Significance of Mixed-Lineage Leukemia (MLL) Gene Detected by Real-Time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR Assay in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3009-17. [PMID: 27561414 PMCID: PMC5012461 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The overall prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene-positivity is unfavorable. In this study, we evaluated the expression levels of the MLL gene in AML patients. Material/Methods We enrolled 68 MLL gene-positive patients out of 433 newly diagnosed AML patients, and 216 bone marrow samples were collected. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) was used to precisely detect the expression levels of the MLL gene. Results We divided 41 patients into 2 groups according to the variation of MRD (minimal residual disease) level of the MLL gene. Group 1 (n=22) had a rapid reduction of MRD level to ≤10−4 in all samples collected in the first 3 chemotherapy cycles, while group 2 (n=19) had MRD levels constantly >10−4 in all samples collected in the first 3 chemotherapy cycles. Group 1 had a significantly better overall survival (p=0.001) and event-free survival (p=0.001) compared to group 2. Moreover, the patients with >10−4 MRD level before the start of HSCT (hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) had worse prognosis and higher risk of relapse compared to patients with ≤10−4 before the start of HSCT. Conclusions We found that a rapid reduction of MRD level to ≤10−4 appears to be a prerequisite for better overall survival and event-free survival during the treatment of AML. The MRD levels detected by RQ-PCR were basically in line with the clinical outcome and may be of great importance in guiding early allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Huang
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Cong Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Hepingli, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Guo-Feng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Hong-Hao Gao
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yong-Hui Li
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tadesse S, Yu M, Kumarasiri M, Le BT, Wang S. Targeting CDK6 in cancer: State of the art and new insights. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3220-30. [PMID: 26315616 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1084445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) plays a vital role in regulating the progression of the cell cycle. More recently, CDK6 has also been shown to have a transcriptional role in tumor angiogenesis. Up-regulated CDK6 activity is associated with the development of several types of cancers. While CDK6 is over-expressed in cancer cells, it has a low detectable level in non-cancerous cells and CDK6-null mice develop normally, suggesting a specific oncogenic role of CDK6, and that its inhibition may represent an ideal mechanism-based and low toxic therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. Identification of selective small molecule inhibitors of CDK6 is thus needed for drug development. Herein, we review the latest understandings of the biological regulation and oncogenic roles of CDK6. The potential clinical relevance of CDK6 inhibition, the progress in the development of small-molecule CDK6 inhibitors and the rational design of potential selective CDK6 inhibitors are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tadesse
- a Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Center for Cancer Biology; and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia ; Adelaide , Australia
| | - Mingfeng Yu
- a Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Center for Cancer Biology; and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia ; Adelaide , Australia
| | - Malika Kumarasiri
- a Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Center for Cancer Biology; and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia ; Adelaide , Australia
| | - Bich Thuy Le
- a Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Center for Cancer Biology; and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia ; Adelaide , Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- a Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, Center for Cancer Biology; and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia ; Adelaide , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce leukemia gene expression in cord blood hematopoietic stem cells expanded ex vivo. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:37-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
43
|
The presence of C/EBPα and its degradation are both required for TRIB2-mediated leukaemia. Oncogene 2016; 35:5272-5281. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
44
|
C/EBPα creates elite cells for iPSC reprogramming by upregulating Klf4 and increasing the levels of Lsd1 and Brd4. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:371-81. [PMID: 26974661 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is typically inefficient and has been explained by elite-cell and stochastic models. We recently reported that B cells exposed to a pulse of C/EBPα (Bα' cells) behave as elite cells, in that they can be rapidly and efficiently reprogrammed into iPSCs by the Yamanaka factors OSKM. Here we show that C/EBPα post-transcriptionally increases the abundance of several hundred proteins, including Lsd1, Hdac1, Brd4, Med1 and Cdk9, components of chromatin-modifying complexes present at super-enhancers. Lsd1 was found to be required for B cell gene silencing and Brd4 for the activation of the pluripotency program. C/EBPα also promotes chromatin accessibility in pluripotent cells and upregulates Klf4 by binding to two haematopoietic enhancers. Bα' cells share many properties with granulocyte/macrophage progenitors, naturally occurring elite cells that are obligate targets for leukaemic transformation, whose formation strictly requires C/EBPα.
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen M, Zhu N, Liu X, Laurent B, Tang Z, Eng R, Shi Y, Armstrong SA, Roeder RG. JMJD1C is required for the survival of acute myeloid leukemia by functioning as a coactivator for key transcription factors. Genes Dev 2016; 29:2123-39. [PMID: 26494788 PMCID: PMC4617977 DOI: 10.1101/gad.267278.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (formerly AML1-ETO), a transcription factor generated by the t(8;21) translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), dictates a leukemic program by increasing self-renewal and inhibiting differentiation. Here we demonstrate that the histone demethylase JMJD1C functions as a coactivator for RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and is required for its transcriptional program. JMJD1C is directly recruited by RUNX1-RUNX1T1 to its target genes and regulates their expression by maintaining low H3K9 dimethyl (H3K9me2) levels. Analyses in JMJD1C knockout mice also establish a JMJD1C requirement for RUNX1-RUNX1T1's ability to increase proliferation. We also show a critical role for JMJD1C in the survival of multiple human AML cell lines, suggesting that it is required for leukemic programs in different AML cell types through its association with key transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Nan Zhu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
| | - Benoit Laurent
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Zhanyun Tang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Rowena Eng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Knudsen KJ, Rehn M, Hasemann MS, Rapin N, Bagger FO, Ohlsson E, Willer A, Frank AK, Søndergaard E, Jendholm J, Thorén L, Lee J, Rak J, Theilgaard-Mönch K, Porse BT. ERG promotes the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells by restricting their differentiation. Genes Dev 2015; 29:1915-29. [PMID: 26385962 PMCID: PMC4579349 DOI: 10.1101/gad.268409.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The balance between self-renewal and differentiation is crucial for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Whereas numerous gene regulatory factors have been shown to control HSC self-renewal or drive their differentiation, we have relatively few insights into transcription factors that serve to restrict HSC differentiation. In the present work, we identify ETS (E-twenty-six)-related gene (ERG) as a critical factor protecting HSCs from differentiation. Specifically, loss of Erg accelerates HSC differentiation by >20-fold, thus leading to rapid depletion of immunophenotypic and functional HSCs. Molecularly, we could demonstrate that ERG, in addition to promoting the expression of HSC self-renewal genes, also represses a group of MYC targets, thereby explaining why Erg loss closely mimics Myc overexpression. Consistently, the BET domain inhibitor CPI-203, known to repress Myc expression, confers a partial phenotypic rescue. In summary, ERG plays a critical role in coordinating the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Jermiin Knudsen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Matilda Rehn
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marie Sigurd Hasemann
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Rapin
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; The Bioinformatic Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Frederik Otzen Bagger
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; The Bioinformatic Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ewa Ohlsson
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anton Willer
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne-Katrine Frank
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Søndergaard
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Johan Jendholm
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lina Thorén
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Julie Lee
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Justyna Rak
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Hematology, Skånes University Hospital, University of Lund, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Torben Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
The multifaceted functions of C/EBPα in normal and malignant haematopoiesis. Leukemia 2015; 30:767-75. [PMID: 26601784 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The process of blood formation, haematopoiesis, depends upon a small number of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that reside in the bone marrow. Differentiation of HSCs is characterised by decreased expression of genes associated with self-renewal accompanied by a stepwise activation of genes promoting differentiation. Lineage branching is further directed by groups of cooperating and counteracting genes forming complex networks of lineage-specific transcription factors. Imbalances in such networks can result in blockage of differentiation, lineage reprogramming and malignant transformation. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα) was originally identified 30 years ago as a transcription factor that binds both promoter and enhancer regions. Most of the early work focused on the role of C/EBPα in regulating transcriptional processes as well as on its functions in key differentiation processes during liver, adipogenic and haematopoietic development. Specifically, C/EBPα was shown to control differentiation by its ability to coordinate transcriptional output with cell cycle progression. Later, its role as an important tumour suppressor, mainly in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), was recognised and has been the focus of intense studies by a number of investigators. More recent work has revisited the role of C/EBPα in normal haematopoiesis, especially its function in HSCs, and also started to provide more mechanistic insights into its role in normal and malignant haematopoiesis. In particular, the differential actions of C/EBPα isoforms, as well as its importance in chromatin remodelling and cellular reprogramming, are beginning to be elucidated. Finally, recent work has also shed light on the dichotomous function of C/EBPα in AML by demonstrating its ability to act as both a tumour suppressor and promoter. In the present review, we will summarise the current knowledge on the functions of C/EBPα during normal and malignant haematopoiesis with special emphasis on the recent work.
Collapse
|
48
|
Ye M, Zhang H, Yang H, Koche R, Staber PB, Cusan M, Levantini E, Welner RS, Bach CS, Zhang J, Krivtsov AV, Armstrong SA, Tenen DG. Hematopoietic Differentiation Is Required for Initiation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 17:611-23. [PMID: 26412561 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-associated oncogenes often arise in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and promote acquisition of leukemia stem cell (LSC) phenotypes. However, as LSCs often share features of lineage-restricted progenitors, the relative contribution of differentiation status to LSC transformation is unclear. Using murine MLL-AF9 and MOZ-TIF2 AML models, we show that myeloid differentiation to granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMPs) is critical for LSC generation. Disrupting GMP formation by deleting the lineage-restricted transcription factor C/EBPa blocked normal granulocyte formation and prevented initiation of AML. However, restoring myeloid differentiation in C/EBPa mutants with inflammatory cytokines reestablished AML transformation capacity. Genomic analyses of GMPs, including gene expression and H3K79me2 profiling in conjunction with ATAC-seq, revealed a permissive genomic environment for activation of a minimal transcription program shared by GMPs and LSCs. Together, these findings show that myeloid differentiation is a prerequisite for LSC formation and AML development, providing insights for therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ye
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599
| | - Richard Koche
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program and Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Philipp B Staber
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monica Cusan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program and Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elena Levantini
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Robert S Welner
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christian S Bach
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrei V Krivtsov
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program and Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program and Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Roe JS, Mercan F, Rivera K, Pappin DJ, Vakoc CR. BET Bromodomain Inhibition Suppresses the Function of Hematopoietic Transcription Factors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cell 2015; 58:1028-39. [PMID: 25982114 PMCID: PMC4475489 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein BRD4 is a validated drug target in leukemia, yet its regulatory function in this disease is not well understood. Here, we show that BRD4 chromatin occupancy in acute myeloid leukemia closely correlates with the hematopoietic transcription factors (TFs) PU.1, FLI1, ERG, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, and MYB at nucleosome-depleted enhancer and promoter regions. We provide evidence that these TFs, in conjunction with the lysine acetyltransferase activity of p300/CBP, facilitate BRD4 recruitment to their occupied sites to promote transcriptional activation. Chemical inhibition of BET bromodomains was found to suppress the functional output of each hematopoietic TF, thereby interfering with essential lineage-specific transcriptional circuits in this disease. These findings reveal a chromatin-based signaling cascade comprised of hematopoietic TFs, p300/CBP, and BRD4 that supports leukemia maintenance and is suppressed by BET bromodomain inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seok Roe
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Fatih Mercan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Keith Rivera
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Darryl J Pappin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Christopher R Vakoc
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
The deregulated expression of miR-125b in acute myeloid leukemia is dependent on the transcription factor C/EBPα. Leukemia 2015; 29:2442-5. [PMID: 25982911 PMCID: PMC4675867 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|