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Zhang M, Wu M, Xu T, Cao J, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Xie Q, Wang J, Sun S, Zhang Q, Ma R, Xie L. A putative Na +/H + antiporter BpSOS1 contributes to salt tolerance in birch. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112181. [PMID: 38969141 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
White birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) is an important pioneer tree which plays a critical role in maintaining ecosystem stability and forest regeneration. The growth of birch is dramatically inhibited by salt stress, especially the root inhibition. Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) is the only extensively characterized Na+ efflux transporter in multiple plant species. The salt-hypersensitive mutant, sos1, display significant inhibition of root growth by NaCl. However, the role of SOS1 in birch responses to salt stress remains unclear. Here, we characterized a putative Na+/H+ antiporter BpSOS1 in birch and generated the loss-of-function mutants of the birch BpSOS1 by CRISPR/Cas9 approach. The bpsos1 mutant exhibit exceptional increased salt sensitivity which links to excessive Na+ accumulation in root, stem and old leaves. We observed a dramatic reduction of K+ contents in leaves of the bpsos1 mutant plants under salt stress. Furthermore, the Na+/K+ ratio of roots and leaves is significant higher in the bpsos1 mutants than the wild-type plants under salt stress. The ability of Na+ efflux in the root meristem zone is found to be impaired which might result the imbalance of Na+ and K+ in the bpsos1 mutants. Our findings indicate that the Na+/H+ exchanger BpSOS1 plays a critical role in birch salt tolerance by maintaining Na+ homeostasis and provide evidence for molecular breeding to improve salt tolerance in birch and other trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingke Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Xu
- The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Junfeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingyi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; The Center for Basic Forestry Research, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Renyi Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China.
| | - Linan Xie
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; The Center for Basic Forestry Research, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Ma X, Khan NU, Dai S, Qin N, Han Z, Guo B, Li J. Transcriptome analysis and identification of the low potassium stress-responsive gene SiSnRK2.6 in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:22. [PMID: 38227064 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The transcriptome is beneficial for dissecting the mechanism of millet in response to low potassium stress and SiSnRK2.6 was identified as a potential target for improving low potassium stress tolerance. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), which originated in China, has high nutrient utilization character. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of its tolerance to low potassium stress is largely unclear. In this research, the low potassium tolerant variety "Yugu28" was screened out by low potassium stress treatment, and the transcriptome of "Yugu28" under low potassium stress was comprehensively analyzed. A total of 4254 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 1618 up-regulated and 2636 down-regulated genes, respectively. In addition, there were 302 transcription factor (TF) genes in the DEGs and MYB TFs accounted for the highest proportion, which was 14.9%. After functional analysis of all DEGs, a total of 7 genes involved in potassium transport and potassium ion channels and 50 genes corresponding to hormones were screened. The expression levels of randomly selected 17 DEGs were verified by qRT-PCR and the results coincided well with the RNA-seq analysis, indicating the reliability of our transcriptome data. Moreover, one of the ABA signaling pathway genes, SiSnRK2.6, was identified and selected for further functional verification. Compared with the wild type, transgenic rice with ecotopic expression of SiSnRK2.6 showed remarkably increased root length and root number, indicating that overexpression of SiSnRK2.6 can enhance the resistance of transgenic plants to low potassium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Ma
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Najeeb Ullah Khan
- College of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shutao Dai
- Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Na Qin
- Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zanping Han
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Bing Guo
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Junxia Li
- Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Coleto I, Marín-Peña AJ, Urbano-Gámez JA, González-Hernández AI, Shi W, Li G, Marino D. Interaction of ammonium nutrition with essential mineral cations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6131-6144. [PMID: 37279530 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development depend on sufficient nutrient availability in soils. Agricultural soils are generally nitrogen (N) deficient, and thus soils need to be supplemented with fertilizers. Ammonium (NH4+) is a major inorganic N source. However, at high concentrations, NH4+ becomes a stressor that inhibits plant growth. The cause of NH4+ stress or toxicity is multifactorial, but the interaction of NH4+ with other nutrients is among the main determinants of plants' sensitivity towards high NH4+ supply. In addition, NH4+ uptake and assimilation provoke the acidification of the cell external medium (apoplast/rhizosphere), which has a clear impact on nutrient availability. This review summarizes current knowledge, at both the physiological and the molecular level, of the interaction of NH4+ nutrition with essential mineral elements that are absorbed as cations, both macronutrients (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and micronutrients (Fe2+/3+, Mn2+, Cu+/2+, Zn2+, Ni2+). We hypothesize that considering these nutritional interactions, and soil pH, when formulating fertilizers may be key in order to boost the use of NH4+-based fertilizers, which have less environmental impact compared with nitrate-based ones. In addition, we are convinced that better understanding of these interactions will help to identify novel targets with the potential to improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Coleto
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Agustín J Marín-Peña
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - José Alberto Urbano-Gámez
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Daniel Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Mulet JM, Porcel R, Yenush L. Modulation of potassium transport to increase abiotic stress tolerance in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5989-6005. [PMID: 37611215 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Potassium is the major cation responsible for the maintenance of the ionic environment in plant cells. Stable potassium homeostasis is indispensable for virtually all cellular functions, and, concomitantly, viability. Plants must cope with environmental changes such as salt or drought that can alter ionic homeostasis. Potassium fluxes are required to regulate the essential process of transpiration, so a constraint on potassium transport may also affect the plant's response to heat, cold, or oxidative stress. Sequencing data and functional analyses have defined the potassium channels and transporters present in the genomes of different species, so we know most of the proteins directly participating in potassium homeostasis. The still unanswered questions are how these proteins are regulated and the nature of potential cross-talk with other signaling pathways controlling growth, development, and stress responses. As we gain knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of potassium homeostasis in plants, we can take advantage of this information to increase the efficiency of potassium transport and generate plants with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress through genetic engineering or new breeding techniques. Here, we review current knowledge of how modifying genes related to potassium homeostasis in plants affect abiotic stress tolerance at the whole plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Porcel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lynne Yenush
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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Chen X, Luo M, Mo C, Li W, Ji Y, Xie Q, Jiang X. MeCIPK10 regulates the transition of the K + transport activity of MeAKT2 between low- and high-affinity molds in cassava. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153861. [PMID: 36399835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AKT1 is an inward-rectifying K+ channel that was originally thought to function only within a low-affinity K+ concentration range. However, the growth of an akt1 mutant of Arabidopsis was shown to be severely inhibited within a high-affinity range. This suggested that AKT1 may also be a high-affinity K+ transporter, but it remains unclear how the two modes of AKT1 coordinate to uptake K+. One gene (MeAKT2) encodes for a putatively inward-rectifying K+ channel and was isolated from cassava. Relative to other tissues, the MeAKT2 gene was expressed mainly in roots, and its transcriptional level was observed to be significantly increased under low-K+ conditions. Functional analyses were performed using a yeast expression system. When MeAKT2 was expressed alone in yeast cells, transgenic yeast could grow only in nutrient media supplied with >0.5 mM potassium. A yeast two-hybrid assay showed that both MeCIPK10 and MeCIPK12 clearly interacted with MeAKT2. Additionally, 0.05 mM K+ was sufficient for the growth of yeast cells co-expressing MeAKT2 with MeCIPK10, but also their co-expression significantly enhanced the growth capacity of yeast cells in the low range of K+ concentrations. Change in K+ uptake rate in co-transgenic yeast cells grown across a wide range of K+ concentrations showed that MeAKT2-mediated K+ uptake displayed a biphasic pattern, but also the switching from low-to high-affinity K+ uptake was regulated by CIPK10. This indicated that MeAKT2 functioned as a dual-affinity transporter to uptake K+ under both low- and high-affinity K+ conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Chen
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Lixia District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Minghua Luo
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chunyan Mo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yiying Ji
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Qing Xie
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Fischer S, Flis P, Zhao FJ, Salt DE. Transcriptional network underpinning ploidy-related elevated leaf potassium in neo-tetraploids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1715-1730. [PMID: 35929797 PMCID: PMC9614460 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication generates a tetraploid from a diploid. Newly created tetraploids (neo-tetraploids) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have elevated leaf potassium (K), compared to their diploid progenitor. Micro-grafting has previously established that this elevated leaf K is driven by processes within the root. Here, mutational analysis revealed that the K+-uptake transporters K+ TRANSPORTER 1 (AKT1) and HIGH AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER 5 (HAK5) are not necessary for the difference in leaf K caused by whole-genome duplication. However, the endodermis and salt overly sensitive and abscisic acid-related signaling were necessary for the elevated leaf K in neo-tetraploids. Contrasting the root transcriptomes of neo-tetraploid and diploid wild-type and mutants that suppress the neo-tetraploid elevated leaf K phenotype allowed us to identify a core set of 92 differentially expressed genes associated with the difference in leaf K between neo-tetraploids and their diploid progenitor. This core set of genes connected whole-genome duplication with the difference in leaf K between neo-tetraploids and their diploid progenitors. The set of genes is enriched in functions such as cell wall and Casparian strip development and ion transport in the endodermis, root hairs, and procambium. This gene set provides tools to test the intriguing idea of recreating the physiological effects of whole-genome duplication within a diploid genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Fischer
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Paulina Flis
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Wang F, Tan WF, Song W, Yang ST, Qiao S. Transcriptome analysis of sweet potato responses to potassium deficiency. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:655. [PMID: 36109727 PMCID: PMC9479357 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of three essential nutrients, potassium is regarded as a main limiting factor for growth and development in plant. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of seven major food crops grown worldwide, and is both a nutrient-rich food and a bioenergy crop. It is a typical ‘K-favoring’ crop, and the level of potassium ion (K+) supplementation directly influences its production. However, little is known about the transcriptional changes in sweet potato genes under low-K+ conditions. Here, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of sweet potato roots in response to K+ deficiency to determine the effect of low-K+ stress on this economically important crop. Results The roots of sweet potato seedlings with or without K+ treatment were harvested and used for transcriptome analyses. The results showed 559 differently expressed genes (DEGs) in low and high K+ groups. Among the DEGs, 336 were upregulated and 223 were downregulated. These DEGs were involved in transcriptional regulation, calcium binding, redox-signaling, biosynthesis, transport, and metabolic process. Further analysis revealed previously unknow genes involved in low-K+ stress, which could be investigated further to improve low K+ tolerance in plants. Confirmation of RNA-sequencing results using qRT-PCR displayed a high level of consistency between the two experiments. Analysis showed that many auxin-, ethylene- and jasmonic acid-related genes respond to K+ deficiency, suggesting that these hormones have important roles in K+ nutrient signaling in sweet potato. Conclusions According to the transcriptome data of sweet potato, various DEGs showed transcriptional changes in response to low-K+ stress. However, the expression level of some kinases, transporters, transcription factors (TFs), hormone-related genes, and plant defense-related genes changed significantly, suggesting that they have important roles during K+ deficiency. Thus, this study identifies potential genes for genetic improvement of responses to low-K+ stress and provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating low K+ tolerance in sweet potato. Further research is required to clarify the function of these DEGs under low-K+ stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08870-5.
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Comparative effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on Radopholus similis infection in East African highland banana plants as influenced by rhizosphere biota. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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9
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Wang ZF, Xie ZM, Tan YL, Li JY, Wang FL, Pei D, Li Z, Guo Y, Gong Z, Wang Y. Receptor-like protein kinase BAK1 promotes K+ uptake by regulating H+-ATPase AHA2 under low potassium stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2227-2243. [PMID: 35604103 PMCID: PMC9342980 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is one of the essential macronutrients for plant growth and development. However, the available K+ concentration in soil is relatively low. Plant roots can perceive low K+ (LK) stress, then enhance high-affinity K+ uptake by activating H+-ATPases in root cells, but the mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we identified the receptor-like protein kinase Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1-Associated Receptor Kinase 1 (BAK1) that is involved in LK response by regulating the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plasma membrane H+-ATPase isoform 2 (AHA2). The bak1 mutant showed leaf chlorosis phenotype and reduced K+ content under LK conditions, which was due to the decline of K+ uptake capacity. BAK1 could directly interact with the AHA2 C terminus and phosphorylate T858 and T881, by which the H+ pump activity of AHA2 was enhanced. The bak1 aha2 double mutant also displayed a leaf chlorosis phenotype that was similar to their single mutants. The constitutively activated form AHA2Δ98 and phosphorylation-mimic form AHA2T858D or AHA2T881D could complement the LK sensitive phenotypes of both aha2 and bak1 mutants. Together, our data demonstrate that BAK1 phosphorylates AHA2 and enhances its activity, which subsequently promotes K+ uptake under LK conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhong-Mei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ya-Lan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jia-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng-Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
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Nieves-Cordones M, Azeem F, Long Y, Boeglin M, Duby G, Mouline K, Hosy E, Vavasseur A, Chérel I, Simonneau T, Gaymard F, Leung J, Gaillard I, Thibaud JB, Véry AA, Boudaoud A, Sentenac H. Non-autonomous stomatal control by pavement cell turgor via the K+ channel subunit AtKC1. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2019-2037. [PMID: 35157082 PMCID: PMC9048897 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stomata optimize land plants' photosynthetic requirements and limit water vapor loss. So far, all of the molecular and electrical components identified as regulating stomatal aperture are produced, and operate, directly within the guard cells. However, a completely autonomous function of guard cells is inconsistent with anatomical and biophysical observations hinting at mechanical contributions of epidermal origins. Here, potassium (K+) assays, membrane potential measurements, microindentation, and plasmolysis experiments provide evidence that disruption of the Arabidopsis thaliana K+ channel subunit gene AtKC1 reduces pavement cell turgor, due to decreased K+ accumulation, without affecting guard cell turgor. This results in an impaired back pressure of pavement cells onto guard cells, leading to larger stomatal apertures. Poorly rectifying membrane conductances to K+ were consistently observed in pavement cells. This plasmalemma property is likely to play an essential role in K+ shuttling within the epidermis. Functional complementation reveals that restoration of the wild-type stomatal functioning requires the expression of the transgenic AtKC1 at least in the pavement cells and trichomes. Altogether, the data suggest that AtKC1 activity contributes to the building of the back pressure that pavement cells exert onto guard cells by tuning K+ distribution throughout the leaf epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin Boeglin
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Geoffrey Duby
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Karine Mouline
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | | | - Alain Vavasseur
- CEA Cadarache DSV DEVM LEMS UMR 163, CNRS/CEA, F-13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Thierry Simonneau
- INRA Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Place Viala, 2, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
| | - Frédéric Gaymard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Jeffrey Leung
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibaud
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
- Institut des biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 CNRS-UM-ENSCM) Campus CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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11
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Wang ZF, Mi TW, Gao YQ, Feng HQ, Wu WH, Wang Y. STOP1 Regulates LKS1 Transcription and Coordinates K+/NH4+ Balance in Arabidopsis Response to Low-K+ Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010383. [PMID: 35008809 PMCID: PMC8745191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium and nitrogen are essential mineral elements for plant growth and development. The protein kinase LKS1/CIPK23 is involved in both K+ and NH4+ uptake in Arabidopsis root. The transcripts of LKS1 can be induced by low K+ (0.1 mM) and high NH4+ (30 mM); however, the molecular mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we isolated the transcription factor STOP1 that positively regulates LKS1 transcription in Arabidopsis responses to both low-K+ and high-NH4+ stresses. STOP1 proteins can directly bind to the LKS1 promoter, promoting its transcription. The stop1 mutants displayed a leaf chlorosis phenotype similar to lks1 mutant when grown on low-K+ and high-NH4+ medium. On the other hand, STOP1 overexpressing plants exhibited a similar tolerant phenotype to LKS1 overexpressing plants. The transcript level of STOP1 was only upregulated by low K+ rather than high NH4+; however, the accumulation of STOP1 protein in the nucleus was required for the upregulation of LKS1 transcripts in both low-K+ and high-NH4+ responses. Our data demonstrate that STOP1 positively regulates LKS1 transcription under low-K+ and high-NH4+ conditions; therefore, LKS1 promotes K+ uptake and inhibits NH4+ uptake. The STOP1/LKS1 pathway plays crucial roles in K+ and NH4+ homeostasis, which coordinates potassium and nitrogen balance in plants in response to external fluctuating nutrient levels.
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Lefoulon C. The bare necessities of plant K+ channel regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2092-2109. [PMID: 34618033 PMCID: PMC8644596 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) channels serve a wide range of functions in plants from mineral nutrition and osmotic balance to turgor generation for cell expansion and guard cell aperture control. Plant K+ channels are members of the superfamily of voltage-dependent K+ channels, or Kv channels, that include the Shaker channels first identified in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). Kv channels have been studied in depth over the past half century and are the best-known of the voltage-dependent channels in plants. Like the Kv channels of animals, the plant Kv channels are regulated over timescales of milliseconds by conformational mechanisms that are commonly referred to as gating. Many aspects of gating are now well established, but these channels still hold some secrets, especially when it comes to the control of gating. How this control is achieved is especially important, as it holds substantial prospects for solutions to plant breeding with improved growth and water use efficiencies. Resolution of the structure for the KAT1 K+ channel, the first channel from plants to be crystallized, shows that many previous assumptions about how the channels function need now to be revisited. Here, I strip the plant Kv channels bare to understand how they work, how they are gated by voltage and, in some cases, by K+ itself, and how the gating of these channels can be regulated by the binding with other protein partners. Each of these features of plant Kv channels has important implications for plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Lefoulon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland
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13
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Feng CZ, Luo YX, Wang PD, Gilliham M, Long Y. MYB77 regulates high-affinity potassium uptake by promoting expression of HAK5. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:176-189. [PMID: 34192362 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the high-affinity K+ transporter HAK5 is the major pathway for root K+ uptake when below 100 µM; HAK5 responds to Low-K+ (LK) stress by strongly and rapidly increasing its expression during K+ -deficiency. Therefore, positive regulators of HAK5 expression have the potential to improve K+ uptake under LK. Here, we show that mutants of the transcription factor MYB77 share a LK-induced leaf chlorosis phenotype, lower K+ content, and lower Rb+ uptake of the hak5 mutant, but not the shorter root growth, and that overexpression of MYB77 enhanced K+ uptake and improved tolerance to LK stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MYB77 positively regulates the expression of HAK5, by binding to the HAK5 promoter and enhances high-affinity K+ uptake of roots. As such, our results reveal a novel pathway for enhancing HAK5 expression under LK stress, and provides a candidate for increasing the tolerance of plants to LK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Zhu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Yun-Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Peng-Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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14
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Yan Y, He M, Guo J, Zeng H, Wei Y, Liu G, Hu W, Shi H. The CBL1/9-CIPK23-AKT1 complex is essential for low potassium response in cassava. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:430-437. [PMID: 34411782 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cassava is a food crop and an important energy crop worldwide. However, its yield and quality are easily affected by low K+ stress, and the molecular mechanism of potassium channel is unknown in cassava. Herein, we revealed that calcineurin B-like 1/9 (MeCBL1/9)-CBL-interacting protein kinase 23 (MeCIPK23)-K+ TRANSPORTER1 (MeAKT1) complex plays an important role in low potassium response in cassava. Firstly, this study verified the in vivo role of MeAKT1 in K+ uptake in yeast. Secondly, we found that MeCBL1, MeCBL9, MeCIPK23 and MeAKT1 are involved in the absorption of K+ in cassava, and MeCBL1/9-CIPK23 complex is essential for MeAKT1-mediated K+ uptake. Moreover, MeCBL1/9-MeCIPK23-MeAKT1 showed different expression in different cassava varieties contrasting in the resistance to low K+ stress. Taken together, this study provides new insights into further improvement of K+ uptake in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, 570228, China
| | - Mei He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, 570228, China
| | - Jingru Guo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, 570228, China
| | - Hongqiu Zeng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, 570228, China
| | - Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, 570228, China
| | - Guoyin Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, 570228, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, Hainan province, 571101, China.
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, 570228, China.
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15
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Britto DT, Coskun D, Kronzucker HJ. Potassium physiology from Archean to Holocene: A higher-plant perspective. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 262:153432. [PMID: 34034042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss biological potassium acquisition and utilization processes over an evolutionary timescale, with emphasis on modern vascular plants. The quintessential osmotic and electrical functions of the K+ ion are shown to be intimately tied to K+-transport systems and membrane energization. Several prominent themes in plant K+-transport physiology are explored in greater detail, including: (1) channel mediated K+ acquisition by roots at low external [K+]; (2) K+ loading of root xylem elements by active transport; (3) variations on the theme of K+ efflux from root cells to the extracellular environment; (4) the veracity and utility of the "affinity" concept in relation to transport systems. We close with a discussion of the importance of plant-potassium relations to our human world, and current trends in potassium nutrition from farm to table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev T Britto
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Devrim Coskun
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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16
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López-Serrano L, Calatayud Á, López-Galarza S, Serrano R, Bueso E. Uncovering salt tolerance mechanisms in pepper plants: a physiological and transcriptomic approach. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:169. [PMID: 33832439 PMCID: PMC8028838 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pepper is one of the most cultivated crops worldwide, but is sensitive to salinity. This sensitivity is dependent on varieties and our knowledge about how they can face such stress is limited, mainly according to a molecular point of view. This is the main reason why we decided to develop this transcriptomic analysis. Tolerant and sensitive accessions, respectively called A25 and A6, were grown for 14 days under control conditions and irrigated with 70 mM of NaCl. Biomass, different physiological parameters and differentially expressed genes were analysed to give response to differential salinity mechanisms between both accessions. RESULTS The genetic changes found between the accessions under both control and stress conditions could explain the physiological behaviour in A25 by the decrease of osmotic potential that could be due mainly to an increase in potassium and proline accumulation, improved growth (e.g. expansins), more efficient starch accumulation (e.g. BAM1), ion homeostasis (e.g. CBL9, HAI3, BASS1), photosynthetic protection (e.g. FIB1A, TIL, JAR1) and antioxidant activity (e.g. PSDS3, SnRK2.10). In addition, misregulation of ABA signalling (e.g. HAB1, ERD4, HAI3) and other stress signalling genes (e.g. JAR1) would appear crucial to explain the different sensitivity to NaCl in both accessions. CONCLUSIONS After analysing the physiological behaviour and transcriptomic results, we have concluded that A25 accession utilizes different strategies to cope better salt stress, being ABA-signalling a pivotal point of regulation. However, other strategies, such as the decrease in osmotic potential to preserve water status in leaves seem to be important to explain the defence response to salinity in pepper A25 plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia López-Serrano
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, CV-315, Km 10,700 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángeles Calatayud
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, CV-315, Km 10,700 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador López-Galarza
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Serrano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Bueso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Wang X, Zhao J, Fang Q, Chang X, Sun M, Li W, Li Y. GmAKT1 is involved in K + uptake and Na +/K + homeostasis in Arabidopsis and soybean plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110736. [PMID: 33568288 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots absorb K+ from soil via K+ channels and transporters, which are important for stress responses. In this research, GmAKT1, an AKT1-type K+ channel, was isolated and characterized. The expression of GmAKT1 was induced by K+-starvation and salinity stresses, and it was preferentially expressed in the soybean roots. And GmAKT1 was located in the plasma membrane. As an inward K+ channel, GmAKT1 participated in K+ uptake, as well as rescued the low-K+-sensitive phenotype of the yeast mutant and Arabidopsis akt1 mutant. Overexpression of GmAKT1 significantly improved the growth of plants and increased K+ concentration, leading to lower Na+/K+ ratios in transgenic Arabidopsis and chimeric soybean plants with transgenic hairy roots. In addition, GmAKT1 overexpression resulted in significant upregulation of these ion uptake-related genes, including GmSKOR, GmsSOS1, GmHKT1, and GmNHX1. Our findings suggested that GmAKT1 plays an important part in K+ uptake under low-K+ condition, and could maintain Na+/K+ homeostasis under salt stress in Arabidopsis and soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jialiang Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingwei Fang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingchao Chang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yongguang Li
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Polak M, Karcz W. Some New Methodological and Conceptual Aspects of the "Acid Growth Theory" for the Auxin Action in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Coleoptile Segments: Do Acid- and Auxin-Induced Rapid Growth Differ in Their Mechanisms? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2317. [PMID: 33652568 PMCID: PMC7956494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two arguments against the "acid growth theory" of auxin-induced growth were re-examined. First, the lack of a correlation between the IAA-induced growth and medium acidification, which is mainly due to the cuticle, which is a barrier for proton diffusion. Second, acid- and the IAA-induced growth are additive processes, which means that acid and the IAA act via different mechanisms. Here, growth, medium pH, and membrane potential (in some experiments) were simultaneously measured using non-abraded and non-peeled segments but with the incubation medium having access to their lumen. Using such an approach significantly enhances both the IAA-induced growth and proton extrusion (similar to that of abraded segments). Staining the cuticle on the outer and inner epidermis of the coleoptile segments showed that the cuticle architecture differs on both sides of the segments. The dose-response curves for the IAA-induced growth and proton extrusion were bell-shaped with the maximum at 10-4 M over 10 h. The kinetics of the IAA-induced hyperpolarisation was similar to that of the rapid phase of the IAA-induced growth. It is also proposed that the K+/H+ co-transporters are involved in acid-induced growth and that the combined effect of the K+ channels and K+/ H+ co-transporters is responsible for the IAA-induced growth. These findings support the "acid growth theory" of auxin action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waldemar Karcz
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40032 Katowice, Poland;
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19
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Wang Y, Chen YF, Wu WH. Potassium and phosphorus transport and signaling in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:34-52. [PMID: 33325114 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) are essential macronutrients for plant growth and development, and their availability affects crop yield. Compared with N, the relatively low availability of K and P in soils limits crop production and thus threatens food security and agricultural sustainability. Improvement of plant nutrient utilization efficiency provides a potential route to overcome the effects of K and P deficiencies. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying how plants sense, absorb, transport, and use K and P is an important prerequisite to improve crop nutrient utilization efficiency. In this review, we summarize current understanding of K and P transport and signaling in plants, mainly taking Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) as examples. We also discuss the mechanisms coordinating transport of N and K, as well as P and N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi-Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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20
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Li Y, Feng Z, Wei H, Cheng S, Hao P, Yu S, Wang H. Silencing of GhKEA4 and GhKEA12 Revealed Their Potential Functions Under Salt and Potassium Stresses in Upland Cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:789775. [PMID: 34950173 PMCID: PMC8689187 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.789775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The K+ efflux antiporter (KEA) mediates intracellular K+ and H+ homeostasis to improve salt tolerance in plants. However, the knowledge of KEA gene family in cotton is largely absent. In the present study, 8, 8, 15, and 16 putative KEA genes were identified in Gossypium arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense, respectively. These KEA genes were classified into three subfamilies, and members from the same subfamilies showed similar motif compositions and gene structure characteristics. Some hormone response elements and stress response elements were identified in the upstream 2000 bp sequence of GhKEAs. Transcriptome data showed that most of the GhKEAs were highly expressed in roots and stems. The quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that most of the GhKEAs responded to low potassium, salt and drought stresses. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments demonstrated that under salt stress, after silencing genes GhKEA4 and GhKEA12, the chlorophyll content, proline content, soluble sugar content, peroxidase (POD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity were significantly decreased, and the Na+/K+ ratio was extremely significantly increased in leaves, leading to greater salt sensitivity. Under high potassium stress, cotton plants silenced for the GhKEA4 could still maintain a more stable Na+ and K+ balance, and the activity of transporting potassium ions from roots into leaves was reduced silenced for GhKEA12. Under low potassium stress, silencing the GhKEA4 increased the activity of transporting potassium ions to shoots, and silencing the GhKEA12 increased the ability of absorbing potassium ions, but accumulated more Na+ in leaves. These results provided a basis for further studies on the biological roles of KEA genes in cotton development and adaptation to stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shuaishuai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Pengbo Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuxun Yu,
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Hantao Wang,
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21
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Feng X, Liu W, Cao F, Wang Y, Zhang G, Chen ZH, Wu F. Overexpression of HvAKT1 improves drought tolerance in barley by regulating root ion homeostasis and ROS and NO signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6587-6600. [PMID: 32766860 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is the major cationic inorganic nutrient utilized for osmotic regulation, cell growth, and enzyme activation in plants. Inwardly rectifying K+ channel 1 (AKT1) is the primary channel for root K+ uptake in plants, but the function of HvAKT1 in barley plants under drought stress has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we conducted evolutionary bioinformatics, biotechnological, electrophysiological, and biochemical assays to explore molecular mechanisms of HvAKT1 in response to drought in barley. The expression of HvAKT1 was significantly up-regulated by drought stress in the roots of XZ5-a drought-tolerant wild barley genotype. We isolated and functionally characterized the plasma membrane-localized HvAKT1 using Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation and Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing of HvAKT1 in barley. Evolutionary bioinformatics indicated that the K+ selective filter in AKT1 originated from streptophyte algae and is evolutionarily conserved in land plants. Silencing of HvAKT1 resulted in significantly decreased biomass and suppressed K+ uptake in root epidermal cells under drought treatment. Disruption of HvAKT1 decreased root H+ efflux, H+-ATPase activity, and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, but increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the roots under drought stress. Furthermore, we observed that overexpression of HvAKT1 improves K+ uptake and increases drought resistance in barley. Our results highlight the importance of HvAKT1 for root K+ uptake and its pleiotropic effects on root H+-ATPase, and H2O2 and NO in response to drought stress, providing new insights into the genetic basis of drought tolerance and K+ nutrition in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangbin Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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22
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Zhang S, Tajima H, Nambara E, Blumwald E, Bassil E. Auxin Homeostasis and Distribution of the Auxin Efflux Carrier PIN2 Require Vacuolar NHX-Type Cation/H + Antiporter Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1311. [PMID: 33023035 PMCID: PMC7601841 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis vacuolar Na+/H+ transporters (NHXs) are important regulators of intracellular pH, Na+ and K+ homeostasis and necessary for normal plant growth, development, and stress acclimation. Arabidopsis contains four vacuolar NHX isoforms known as AtNHX1 to AtNHX4. The quadruple knockout nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4, lacking any vacuolar NHX-type antiporter activity, displayed auxin-related phenotypes including loss of apical dominance, reduced root growth, impaired gravitropism and less sensitivity to exogenous IAA and NAA, but not to 2,4-D. In nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4, the abundance of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2, but not PIN1, was drastically reduced at the plasma membrane and was concomitant with an increase in PIN2 labeled intracellular vesicles. Intracellular trafficking to the vacuole was also delayed in the mutant. Measurements of free IAA content and imaging of the auxin sensor DII-Venus, suggest that auxin accumulates in root tips of nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4. Collectively, our results indicate that vacuolar NHX dependent cation/H+ antiport activity is needed for proper auxin homeostasis, likely by affecting intracellular trafficking and distribution of the PIN2 efflux carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA;
| | - Hiromi Tajima
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada;
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Elias Bassil
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
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Deng K, Wang W, Feng L, Yin H, Xiong F, Ren M. Target of rapamycin regulates potassium uptake in Arabidopsis and potato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:357-366. [PMID: 32798904 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an essential inorganic nutrient needed by plants for their growth and development. The conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase, a well-known nutrition signaling integrator, has crucial roles in regulating growth and development in all eukaryotes. Emerging evidence suggests that TOR is a core regulator of nutrient absorption and utilization in plants. However, it is still unclear whether there is a causative link between the TOR pathway and potassium absorption. Here, we show that the expression of some potassium transporters and channels was regulated by TOR, and the suppression of TOR activity significantly affected potassium uptake in Arabidopsis and potato. Furthermore, we discovered that a Type 2A phosphatase-associated protein of 46 kDa (TAP46), a direct TOR downstream effector, could interact with CBL-interacting protein kinase 23 (CIPK23) in Arabidopsis and potato. In Arabidopsis, the K+ channel AKT1 conducting K+ uptake was significantly regulated by Calcineurin B-like Calcium Sensor Protein 1/9 (CBL1/9)-CIPK23 modules. We found that the cbl1cbl9, cipk23 (lks1-2 and lks1-3), and akt1 mutants were more hyposensitive to the TOR inhibitor than the wild-type, and the TOR inhibitor induced the downregulation of K+ uptake rate in the wild-type more than in these mutants. In addition, the overexpression of CIPK23 could effectively restore the defects in growth and potassium uptake induced by the TOR inhibitors. Thus, our work reveals a link between TOR signaling and CIPK23 and provides new insight into the regulation of potassium uptake in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexuan Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wanjing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Li Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Huan Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Fangjie Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Maozhi Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China.
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24
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Nieves-Cordones M, Lara A, Silva M, Amo J, Rodriguez-Sepulveda P, Rivero RM, Martínez V, Botella MA, Rubio F. Root high-affinity K + and Cs + uptake and plant fertility in tomato plants are dependent on the activity of the high-affinity K + transporter SlHAK5. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1707-1721. [PMID: 32275780 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Root K+ acquisition is a key process for plant growth and development, extensively studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Because important differences may exist among species, translational research supported by specific studies is needed in crops such as tomato. Here we present a reverse genetics study to demonstrate the role of the SlHAK5 K+ transporter in tomato K+ nutrition, Cs+ accumulation and its fertility. slhak5 KO lines, generated by CRISPR-Cas edition, were characterized in growth experiments, Rb+ and Cs+ uptake tests and root cells K+ -induced plasma membrane depolarizations. Pollen viability and its K+ accumulation capacity were estimated by using the K+ -sensitive dye Ion Potassium Green 4. SlHAK5 is the major system for high-affinity root K+ uptake required for plant growth at low K+ , even in the presence of salinity. It also constitutes a pathway for Cs+ entry in tomato plants with a strong impact on fruit Cs+ accumulation. SlHAK5 also contributes to pollen K+ uptake and viability and its absence produces almost seedless fruits. Knowledge gained into SlHAK5 can serve as a model for other crops with fleshy fruits and it can help to generate tools to develop low Cs+ or seedless fruits crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Lara
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Martha Silva
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Jesús Amo
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Rosa M Rivero
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Angeles Botella
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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25
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Raddatz N, Morales de los Ríos L, Lindahl M, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM. Coordinated Transport of Nitrate, Potassium, and Sodium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:247. [PMID: 32211003 PMCID: PMC7067972 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) and nitrogen (N) are essential nutrients, and their absorption and distribution within the plant must be coordinated for optimal growth and development. Potassium is involved in charge balance of inorganic and organic anions and macromolecules, control of membrane electrical potential, pH homeostasis and the regulation of cell osmotic pressure, whereas nitrogen is an essential component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Nitrate (NO3 -) is often the primary nitrogen source, but it also serves as a signaling molecule to the plant. Nitrate regulates root architecture, stimulates shoot growth, delays flowering, regulates abscisic acid-independent stomata opening, and relieves seed dormancy. Plants can sense K+/NO3 - levels in soils and adjust accordingly the uptake and root-to-shoot transport to balance the distribution of these ions between organs. On the other hand, in small amounts sodium (Na+) is categorized as a "beneficial element" for plants, mainly as a "cheap" osmolyte. However, at high concentrations in the soil, Na+ can inhibit various physiological processes impairing plant growth. Hence, plants have developed specific mechanisms to transport, sense, and respond to a variety of Na+ conditions. Sodium is taken up by many K+ transporters, and a large proportion of Na+ ions accumulated in shoots appear to be loaded into the xylem by systems that show nitrate dependence. Thus, an adequate supply of mineral nutrients is paramount to reduce the noxious effects of salts and to sustain crop productivity under salt stress. In this review, we will focus on recent research unraveling the mechanisms that coordinate the K+-NO3 -; Na+-NO3 -, and K+-Na+ transports, and the regulators controlling their uptake and allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José M. Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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26
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Rubio F, Nieves-Cordones M, Horie T, Shabala S. Doing 'business as usual' comes with a cost: evaluating energy cost of maintaining plant intracellular K + homeostasis under saline conditions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1097-1104. [PMID: 30993727 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinization of agricultural lands is a major threat to agriculture. Many different factors affect and determine plant salt tolerance. Nonetheless, there is a consensus on the relevance of maintaining an optimal cytosolic potassium : sodium ion (K+ : Na+ ) ratio for salinity tolerance in plants. This ratio depends on the operation of plasma membrane and tonoplast transporters. In the present review we focus on some aspects related to the energetic cost of maintaining that K+ : Na+ ratio. One of the factors that affect the cost of the first step of K+ acquisition - root K+ uptake through High Affinity K+ transporter and Arabidopsis K+ transport system 1 transport systems - is the value of the plasma membrane potential of root cells, a parameter that may differ amongst plant species. In addition to its role in nutrition, cytosolic K+ also is important for signalling, and K+ efflux through gated outward-rectifying K+ and nonselective cation channels can be regarded as a switch to redirect energy towards defence reactions. In maintaining cytosolic K+ , the great buffer capacity of the vacuole should be considered. The possible role of high-affinity K+ transporters (HKT)2s in mediating K+ uptake under saline conditions and the importance of cycling of K+ throughout the plant also are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rubio
- Plant Nutrition Department, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | | | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528041, China
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27
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Deolu-Ajayi AO, Meyer AJ, Haring MA, Julkowska MM, Testerink C. Genetic Loci Associated with Early Salt Stress Responses of Roots. iScience 2019; 21:458-473. [PMID: 31707259 PMCID: PMC6849332 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a devastating abiotic stress accounting for major crop losses yearly. Plant roots can strikingly grow away from high-salt patches. This response is termed halotropism and occurs through auxin redistribution in roots in response to a salt gradient. Here, a natural variation screen for the early and NaCl-specific halotropic response of 333 Arabidopsis accessions revealed quantitative differences in the first 24 h. These data were successfully used to identify genetic components associated with the response through Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). Follow-up characterization of knockout mutants in Col-0 background confirmed the role of transcription factor WRKY25, cation-proton exchanger CHX13, and a gene of unknown function DOB1 (Double Bending 1) in halotropism. In chx13 and dob1 mutants, ion accumulation and shoot biomass under salt stress were also affected. Thus, our GWAS has identified genetic components contributing to main root halotropism that provide insight into the genetic architecture underlying plant salt responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji O Deolu-Ajayi
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Jessica Meyer
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel A Haring
- Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magdalena M Julkowska
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal-Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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28
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Hamam AM, Coskun D, Britto DT, Plett D, Kronzucker HJ. Plasma-membrane electrical responses to salt and osmotic gradients contradict radiotracer kinetics, and reveal Na +-transport dynamics in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANTA 2019; 249:1037-1051. [PMID: 30498958 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A systematic analysis of NaCl-dependent, plasma-membrane depolarization (∆∆Ψ) in rice roots calls into question the current leading model of rapid membrane cycling of Na+ under salt stress. To investigate the character and mechanisms of Na+ influx into roots, Na+-dependent changes in plasma-membrane electrical potentials (∆∆Ψ) were measured in root cells of intact rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Pokkali) seedlings. As external sodium concentrations ([Na+]ext) were increased in a step gradient from 0 to 100 mM, membrane potentials depolarized in a saturable manner, fitting a Michaelis-Menten model and contradicting the linear (non-saturating) models developed from radiotracer studies. Clear differences in saturation patterns were found between plants grown under low- and high-nutrient (LN and HN) conditions, with LN plants showing greater depolarization and higher affinity for Na+ (i.e., higher Vmax and lower Km) than HN plants. In addition, counterion effects on ∆∆Ψ were pronounced in LN plants (with ∆∆Ψ decreasing in the order: Cl- > SO42- > HPO 4 2- ), but not seen in HN plants. When effects of osmotic strength, Cl- influx, K+ efflux, and H+-ATPase activity on ∆∆Ψ were accounted for, resultant Km and Vmax values suggested that a single, dominant Na+-transport mechanism was operating under each nutritional condition, with Km values of 1.2 and 16 mM for LN and HN plants, respectively. Comparing saturating patterns of depolarization to linear patterns of 24Na+ radiotracer influx leads to the conclusion that electrophysiological and tracer methods do not report the same phenomena and that the current model of rapid transmembrane sodium cycling may require revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Hamam
- Department of Biological Sciences and Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Devrim Coskun
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dev T Britto
- Department of Biological Sciences and Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Darren Plett
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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29
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Ragel P, Raddatz N, Leidi EO, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM. Regulation of K + Nutrition in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:281. [PMID: 30949187 PMCID: PMC6435592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture relies on mineral fertilization. Unlike other major macronutrients, potassium (K+) is not incorporated into organic matter but remains as soluble ion in the cell sap contributing up to 10% of the dry organic matter. Consequently, K+ constitutes a chief osmoticum to drive cellular expansion and organ movements, such as stomata aperture. Moreover, K+ transport is critical for the control of cytoplasmic and luminal pH in endosomes, regulation of membrane potential, and enzyme activity. Not surprisingly, plants have evolved a large ensemble of K+ transporters with defined functions in nutrient uptake by roots, storage in vacuoles, and ion translocation between tissues and organs. This review describes critical transport proteins governing K+ nutrition, their regulation, and coordinated activity, and summarizes our current understanding of signaling pathways activated by K+ starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ragel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo O. Leidi
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José M. Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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30
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Li J, Gao Z, Zhou L, Li L, Zhang J, Liu Y, Chen H. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals K + transporter gene contributing to salt tolerance in eggplant. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:67. [PMID: 30744551 PMCID: PMC6371450 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinization is one of the most crucial abiotic stresses that limit the growth and production of eggplant. The existing researches in eggplant were mostly focused on salt-induced morphological, biochemical and physiological changes, with only limited works centered on salt-response genes in eggplant at the transcriptomic level. RESULTS Our preliminary work found that Zhusiqie (No.118) is salt-tolerant and Hongqie (No.30) is salt-sensitive. Consequently, they were re-named as ST118 and SS30, respectively. ST118 showed less damaged on growth and higher K+/Na+ ratios in leaves than SS30. Comparative-transcriptome analysis was used as a powerful approach to understand the salt-response mechanisms in the leaves and roots of SS30 and ST118. And it revealed that genotype-specific and organ-specific manners exist in eggplant in response to salt stress. Strikingly, the genotype-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ST118 were considered crucial to its higher salt-tolerance, because the expression patterns of common DEGs in the leaves/roots of the two eggplant genotypes were almost the same. Among them, some transcription factors have been reported to be in response to elevated external salinity, including the members of C2C2-CO-like, WRKY, MYB and NAC family. In addition, the AKT1, KAT1 and SOS1 were up-regulated only in the leaves of ST118. Furthermore, the complementation assays demonstrated that the salt-tolerances of both yeast and Arabidopsis akt1 mutants were enhanced by heterologous expression of SmAKT1. CONCLUSION The comparative-transcriptome analysis indicated that the salt-tolerance can be increased by higher transcript level of some genotype-specific genes. This work revealed that eggplants seem to be more inclined to absorb K+ rather than to exclude Na+ under salt stress conditions because seven K+ transporters were significantly up-regulated, while only one Na+ transporter was similarly regulated. Finally, the complementation assays of SmAKT1, which is genotype-specific up-regulated in ST118, suggest that the other TFs and K+ transport genes were worthy of future investigation for their functions in salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Zhen Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Linzhi Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Junhao Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Huoying Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
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31
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Bassil E, Zhang S, Gong H, Tajima H, Blumwald E. Cation Specificity of Vacuolar NHX-Type Cation/H + Antiporters. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:616-629. [PMID: 30498025 PMCID: PMC6426403 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cation/H+ (NHX-type) antiporters are important regulators of intracellular ion homeostasis and are critical for cell expansion and plant stress acclimation. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), four distinct NHX isoforms, named AtNHX1 to AtNHX4, locate to the tonoplast. To determine the concerted roles of all tonoplast NHXs on vacuolar ion and pH homeostasis, we examined multiple knockout mutants lacking all but one of the four vacuolar isoforms and quadruple knockout plants lacking any vacuolar NHX activity. The nhx triple and quadruple knockouts displayed reduced growth phenotypes. Exposure to sodium chloride improved growth while potassium chloride was deleterious to some knockouts. Kinetic analysis of K+ and Na+ transport indicated that AtNHX1 and AtNHX2 are the main contributors to both vacuolar pH and K+ and Na+ uptake, while AtNHX3 and AtNHX4 differ in Na+/K+ selectivity. The lack of any vacuolar NHX activity resulted in no K+ uptake, highly acidic vacuoles, and reduced but not abolished vacuolar Na+ uptake. Additional K+/H+ and Na+/H+ exchange activity assays in the quadruple knockout indicated Na+ uptake that was not H+ coupled, suggesting the existence of an alternative, cation/H+-independent, Na+ conductive pathway in vacuoles. These results highlight the importance of NHX-type cation/H+ antiporters in the maintenance of cellular cation homeostasis and in growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Bassil
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Horticultural Sciences Department and Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, Florida 33031
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Haijun Gong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Hiromi Tajima
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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32
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Ragel P, Raddatz N, Leidi EO, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM. Regulation of K + Nutrition in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019. [PMID: 30949187 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture relies on mineral fertilization. Unlike other major macronutrients, potassium (K+) is not incorporated into organic matter but remains as soluble ion in the cell sap contributing up to 10% of the dry organic matter. Consequently, K+ constitutes a chief osmoticum to drive cellular expansion and organ movements, such as stomata aperture. Moreover, K+ transport is critical for the control of cytoplasmic and luminal pH in endosomes, regulation of membrane potential, and enzyme activity. Not surprisingly, plants have evolved a large ensemble of K+ transporters with defined functions in nutrient uptake by roots, storage in vacuoles, and ion translocation between tissues and organs. This review describes critical transport proteins governing K+ nutrition, their regulation, and coordinated activity, and summarizes our current understanding of signaling pathways activated by K+ starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ragel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo O Leidi
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José M Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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33
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Wang X, Hao L, Zhu B, Jiang Z. Plant Calcium Signaling in Response to Potassium Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3456. [PMID: 30400321 PMCID: PMC6275041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K⁺) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the most abundant cation in the cytosol. K⁺ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, soil K⁺ availability is very low and variable, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. Various K⁺ shortage-activated signaling cascades exist. Among these, calcium signaling is the most important signaling system within plant cells. This review is focused on the possible roles of calcium signaling in plant responses to low-K⁺ stress. In plants, intracellular calcium levels are first altered in response to K⁺ deficiency, resulting in calcium signatures that exhibit temporal and spatial features. In addition, calcium channels located within the root epidermis and root hair zone can then be activated by hyperpolarization of plasma membrane (PM) in response to low-K⁺ stress. Afterward, calcium sensors, including calmodulin (CaM), CaM-like protein (CML), calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), and calcineurin B-like protein (CBL), can act in the sensing of K⁺ deprivation. In particular, the important components regarding CBL/CBL-interacting protein kinase (CBL/CIPK) complexes-involved in plant responses to K⁺ deficiency are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Ling Hao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Biping Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhonghao Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Santa-María GE, Oliferuk S, Moriconi JI. KT-HAK-KUP transporters in major terrestrial photosynthetic organisms: A twenty years tale. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 226:77-90. [PMID: 29704646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery, twenty years ago, KT-HAK-KUP transporters have become a keystone to understand how alkali cation fluxes are controlled in major land-dwelling photosynthetic organisms. In this review we focus on their discovery, phylogeny, and functions, as well as the regulation of its canonical member, AtHAK5. We also address issues related to structure-function studies, and the technological possibilities opened up by recent findings. Available evidence suggests that this family of transporters underwent an early divergence into major groups following the conquest of land by embryophytes. KT-HAK-KUPs are necessary to accomplish several major developmental and growth processes, as well as to ensure plant responses to environmental injuries. Although the primary function of these transporters is to mediate potassium (K+) fluxes, some of them can also mediate sodium (Na+) and cesium (Cs+) transport, and contribute to maintenance of K+ (and Na+) homeostasis in different plant tissues. In addition, there is evidence for a role of some members of this family in auxin movement and in adenylate cyclase activity. Recent research, focusing on the regulation of the canonical member of this family, AtHAK5, revealed the existence of a complex network that involves transcriptional and post-transcriptional phenomena which control the enhancement of AtHAK5-mediated K+ uptake when Arabidopsis thaliana plants are faced with low K+ supply. In spite of the formidable advances made since their discovery, important subjects remain to be elucidated to gain a more complete knowledge of the roles and regulation of KT-HAK-KUPs, as well as to improve their use for innovative procedures in crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo E Santa-María
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Avda Intendente Marino km 8, 2. Chascomús, 7130, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sonia Oliferuk
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Avda Intendente Marino km 8, 2. Chascomús, 7130, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge I Moriconi
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Avda Intendente Marino km 8, 2. Chascomús, 7130, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Xiang J, Zhou X, Zhang X, Liu A, Xiang Y, Yan M, Peng Y, Chen X. The Arabidopsis AtUNC-93 Acts as a Positive Regulator of Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Plant Growth via Modulation of ABA Signaling and K + Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:718. [PMID: 29899751 PMCID: PMC5989354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is one of the essential macronutrients required for plant growth and development, and the maintenance of cellular K+ homeostasis is important for plants to adapt to abiotic stresses and growth. However, the mechanism involved has not been understood clearly. In this study, we demonstrated that AtUNC-93 plays a crucial role in this process under the control of abscisic acid (ABA). AtUNC-93 was localized to the plasma membrane and mainly expressed in the vascular tissues in Arabidopsis thaliana. The atunc-93 mutants showed typical K+-deficient symptoms under low-K+ conditions. The K+ contents of atunc-93 mutants were significantly reduced in shoots but not in roots under either low-K+ or normal conditions compared with wild type plants, whereas the AtUNC-93-overexpressing lines still maintained relatively higher K+ contents in shoots under low-K+ conditions, suggesting that AtUNC-93 positively regulates K+ translocation from roots to shoots. The atunc-93 plants exhibited dwarf phenotypes due to reduced cell expansion, while AtUNC-93-overexpressing plants had larger bodies because of increased cell expansion. After abiotic stress and ABA treatments, the atunc-93 mutants was more sensitive to salt, drought, osmotic, heat stress and ABA than wild type plants, while the AtUNC-93-overexpressing lines showed enhanced tolerance to these stresses and insensitive phenotype to ABA. Furthermore, alterations in the AtUNC-93 expression changed expression of many ABA-responsive and stress-related genes. Our findings reveal that AtUNC-93 functions as a positive regulator of abiotic stress tolerance and plant growth by maintaining K+ homeostasis through ABA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Ecological Landscape Restoration, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ailing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanci Xiang
- Institute of Ecological Landscape Restoration, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinbo Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Li W, Xu G, Alli A, Yu L. Plant HAK/KUP/KT K+ transporters: Function and regulation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 74:133-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pan T, Liu Y, Su X, An L, Qiu QS. Domain-switch analysis of PeNHX3 from Populus euphratica reveals the critical role of the transmembrane domain 11 in Na + and Li + transport. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 219:1-11. [PMID: 28946051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Populus euphratica, the well-known tree halophyte, tolerates the stress of high levels of salt. We previously showed that the transmembrane domain 11 (TM11) of PeNHX3, a Na+,K+/H+ antiporter from P. euphratica, was crucial for Na+ and Li+ transport in a yeast growth assay. Here, we examined the role of TM11 in catalyzing Na+ and Li+ transport in transgenic Arabidopsis. We found that PeNHX3 localized to the tonoplasts in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of PeNHX3 in Arabidopsis improved seedling growth and enhanced salt tolerance and Li+ detoxification. However, overexpression of PeNHX3 did not improve Arabidopsis growth at KCl concentrations higher than 0.1mM, suggesting a low K+ transport activity for PeNHX3 in plants. We performed in planta domain-switch analysis by replacing the C-terminal domain of AtNHX1 with a C-terminal segment of PeNHX3 containing the TM11 domain. We demonstrated that TM11 was critical for the Na+ and Li+ transport activities by PeNHX3. Taken together, PeNHX3 plays an important role in salt tolerance and Li+ detoxification in plants. TM11 controls the Na+ and Li+ transport activities of PeNHX3 in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Yafen Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Lizhe An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China.
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Li J, Wu WH, Wang Y. Potassium channel AKT1 is involved in the auxin-mediated root growth inhibition in Arabidopsis response to low K + stress. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:895-909. [PMID: 28782920 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The changes in external K+ concentration affect plant root growth. However, the molecular mechanism for perceiving a K+ signal to modulate root growth remains unknown. It is hypothesized that the K+ channel AKT1 is involved in low K+ sensing in the Arabidopsis root and subsequent regulation of root growth. Along with the decline of external K+ concentration, the primary root growth of wild-type plants was gradually inhibited. However, the primary root of the akt1 mutant could still grow under low K+ (LK) conditions. Application of NAA inhibited akt1 root growth, but promoted wild-type root growth under LK conditions. By using the ProDR5:GFP and ProPIN1:PIN1-GFP lines, we found that LK treatment reduced auxin accumulation in wild-type root tips by degrading PIN1 proteins, which did not occur in the akt1 mutant. The LK-induced PIN1 degradation may be due to the inhibition of vesicle trafficking of PIN1 proteins. In conclusion, our findings indicate that AKT1 is required for an Arabidopsis response to changes in external K+ , and subsequent regulation of K+ -dependent root growth by modulating PIN1 degradation and auxin redistribution in the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Coskun D, Britto DT, Kronzucker HJ. The nitrogen-potassium intersection: membranes, metabolism, and mechanism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2029-2041. [PMID: 26524711 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are the two most abundantly acquired mineral elements by plants, and their acquisition pathways interact in complex ways. Here, we review pivotal interactions with respect to root acquisition, storage, translocation and metabolism, between the K+ ion and the two major N sources, ammonium (NH4+ ) and nitrate (NO3- ). The intersections between N and K physiology are explored at a number of organizational levels, from molecular-genetic processes, to compartmentation, to whole plant physiology, and discussed in the context of both N-K cooperation and antagonism. Nutritional regulation and optimization of plant growth, yield, metabolism and water-use efficiency are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Coskun
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M1C 1A4
| | - Dev T Britto
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M1C 1A4
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M1C 1A4
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Nieves-Cordones M, Mohamed S, Tanoi K, Kobayashi NI, Takagi K, Vernet A, Guiderdoni E, Périn C, Sentenac H, Véry AA. Production of low-Cs + rice plants by inactivation of the K + transporter OsHAK1 with the CRISPR-Cas system. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:43-56. [PMID: 28670755 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of radiocesium in food has raised sharp health concerns after nuclear accidents. Despite being present at low concentrations in contaminated soils (below μm), cesium (Cs+ ) can be taken up by crops and transported to their edible parts. This plant capacity to take up Cs+ from low concentrations has notably affected the production of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Japan after the nuclear accident at Fukushima in 2011. Several strategies have been put into practice to reduce Cs+ content in this crop species such as contaminated soil removal or adaptation of agricultural practices, including dedicated fertilizer management, with limited impact or pernicious side-effects. Conversely, the development of biotechnological approaches aimed at reducing Cs+ accumulation in rice remain challenging. Here, we show that inactivation of the Cs+ -permeable K+ transporter OsHAK1 with the CRISPR-Cas system dramatically reduced Cs+ uptake by rice plants. Cs+ uptake in rice roots and in transformed yeast cells that expressed OsHAK1 displayed very similar kinetics parameters. In rice, Cs+ uptake is dependent on two functional properties of OsHAK1: (i) a poor capacity of this system to discriminate between Cs+ and K+ ; and (ii) a high capacity to transport Cs+ from very low external concentrations that is likely to involve an active transport mechanism. In an experiment with a Fukushima soil highly contaminated with 137 Cs+ , plants lacking OsHAK1 function displayed strikingly reduced levels of 137 Cs+ in roots and shoots. These results open stimulating perspectives to smartly produce safe food in regions contaminated by nuclear accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 2, 34060, France
| | - Sonia Mohamed
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 2, 34060, France
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34398, France
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Natsuko I Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keiko Takagi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hervé Sentenac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 2, 34060, France
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 2, 34060, France
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Chardin C, Schenk ST, Hirt H, Colcombet J, Krapp A. Review: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in nutritional signaling in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 260:101-108. [PMID: 28554467 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascades are functional modules widespread among eukaryotic organisms. In plants, these modules are encoded by large multigenic families and are involved in many biological processes ranging from stress responses to cellular differentiation and organ development. Furthermore, MAPK pathways are involved in the perception of environmental and physiological modifications. Interestingly, some MAPKs play a role in several signaling networks and could have an integrative function for the response of plants to their environment. In this review, we describe the classification of MAPKs and highlight some of their biochemical actions. We performed an in silico analysis of MAPK gene expression in response to nutrients supporting their involvement in nutritional signaling. While several MAPKs have been identified as players in sugar, nitrogen, phosphate, iron and potassium-related signaling pathways, their biochemical functions are yet mainly unknown. The integration of these regulatory cascades in the current understanding of nutrient signaling is discussed and potential new avenues for approaches toward plants with higher nutrient use efficiencies are evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Chardin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Sebastian T Schenk
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, INRA/CNRS/Université Paris Sud/Université Paris Diderot/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Orsay, France.
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, INRA/CNRS/Université Paris Sud/Université Paris Diderot/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Orsay, France; Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, INRA/CNRS/Université Paris Sud/Université Paris Diderot/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Orsay, France.
| | - Anne Krapp
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
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Ma Q, Hu J, Zhou XR, Yuan HJ, Kumar T, Luan S, Wang SM. ZxAKT1 is essential for K + uptake and K + /Na + homeostasis in the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:48-60. [PMID: 28008679 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The inward-rectifying K+ channel AKT1 constitutes an important pathway for K+ acquisition in plant roots. In glycophytes, excessive accumulation of Na+ is accompanied by K+ deficiency under salt stress. However, in the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, which exhibits excellent adaptability to adverse environments, K+ concentration remains at a relatively constant level despite increased levels of Na+ under salinity and drought conditions. In this study, the contribution of ZxAKT1 to maintaining K+ and Na+ homeostasis in Z. xanthoxylum was investigated. Expression of ZxAKT1 rescued the K+ -uptake-defective phenotype of yeast strain CY162, suppressed the salt-sensitive phenotype of yeast strain G19, and complemented the low-K+ -sensitive phenotype of Arabidopsis akt1 mutant, indicating that ZxAKT1 functions as an inward-rectifying K+ channel. ZxAKT1 was predominantly expressed in roots, and was induced under high concentrations of either KCl or NaCl. By using RNA interference technique, we found that ZxAKT1-silenced plants exhibited stunted growth compared to wild-type Z. xanthoxylum. Further experiments showed that ZxAKT1-silenced plants exhibited a significant decline in net uptake of K+ and Na+ , resulting in decreased concentrations of K+ and Na+ , as compared to wild-type Z. xanthoxylum grown under 50 mm NaCl. Compared with wild-type, the expression levels of genes encoding several transporters/channels related to K+ /Na+ homeostasis, including ZxSKOR, ZxNHX, ZxSOS1 and ZxHKT1;1, were reduced in various tissues of a ZxAKT1-silenced line. These findings suggest that ZxAKT1 not only plays a crucial role in K+ uptake but also functions in modulating Na+ uptake and transport systems in Z. xanthoxylum, thereby affecting its normal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Xiang-Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Hui-Jun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Tanweer Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 73072, USA
- NJU-NJFU Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
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Behera S, Long Y, Schmitz-Thom I, Wang XP, Zhang C, Li H, Steinhorst L, Manishankar P, Ren XL, Offenborn JN, Wu WH, Kudla J, Wang Y. Two spatially and temporally distinct Ca 2+ signals convey Arabidopsis thaliana responses to K + deficiency. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:739-750. [PMID: 27579668 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In plants, potassium (K+ ) homeostasis is tightly regulated and established against a concentration gradient to the environment. Despite the identification of Ca2+ -regulated kinases as modulators of K+ channels, the immediate signaling and adaptation mechanisms of plants to low-K+ conditions are only partially understood. To assess the occurrence and role of Ca2+ signals in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, we employed ratiometric analyses of Ca2+ dynamics in plants expressing the Ca2+ reporter YC3.6 in combination with patch-clamp analyses of root cells and two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) analyses in Xenopus laevis oocytes. K+ deficiency triggers two successive and distinct Ca2+ signals in roots exhibiting spatial and temporal specificity. A transient primary Ca2+ signature arose within 1 min in the postmeristematic stelar tissue of the elongation zone, while a secondary Ca2+ response occurred after several hours as sustained Ca2+ elevation in defined tissues of the elongation and root hair differentiation zones. Patch-clamp and TEVC analyses revealed Ca2+ dependence of the activation of the K+ channel AKT1 by the CBL1-CIPK23 Ca2+ sensor-kinase complex. Together, these findings identify a critical role of cell group-specific Ca2+ signaling in low K+ responses and indicate an essential and direct role of Ca2+ signals for AKT1 K+ channel activation in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrutisanjita Behera
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ina Schmitz-Thom
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Xue-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Leonie Steinhorst
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Prabha Manishankar
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ling Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jan Niklas Offenborn
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Chen L, Fan J, Hu Z, Huang X, Amombo E, Liu A, Bi A, Chen K, Xie Y, Fu J. Melatonin Is Involved in Regulation of Bermudagrass Growth and Development and Response to Low K + Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2038. [PMID: 29234342 PMCID: PMC5712302 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays critical roles in plant growth and development and during the response to multiple abiotic stresses. However, the roles of melatonin in plant response to K+ deficiency remain largely unknown. In the present study, we observed that the endogenous melatonin contents in bermudagrass were remarkably increased by low K+ (LK) treatment, suggesting that melatonin was involved in bermudagrass response to LK stress. Further phenotype analysis revealed that exogenous melatonin application conferred Bermudagrass enhanced tolerance to LK stress. Interestingly, exogenous melatonin application also promoted bermudagrass growth and development at normal condition. Furthermore, the K+ contents measurement revealed that melatonin-treated plants accumulated more K+ in both shoot (under both control and LK condition) and root tissues (under LK condition) compared with those of melatonin non-treated plants. Expression analysis indicated that the transcripts of K+ transport genes were significantly induced by exogenous melatonin treatment in bermudagrass under both control and LK stress conditions, especially under a combined treatment of LK stress and melatonin, which may increase accumulation of K+ content profoundly under LK stress and thereby contributed to the LK-tolerant phenotype. In addition, we investigated the role of melatonin in the regulation of photosystem II (PSII) activities under LK stress. The chlorophyll fluorescence transient (OJIP) curves were obviously higher in plants grown in LK with melatonin (LK+Mel) than those of plants grown in LK medium without melatonin application for 1 or 2 weeks, suggesting that melatonin plays important roles in PSII against LK stress. After a combined treatment of LK stress and melatonin, the values for performance indexes (PIABS, PITotal, and PICS), flux ratios (φP0, ΨE0, and φE0) and specific energy fluxes (ETO/RC) were significantly improved compared with those of LK stress alone, suggesting that melatonin plays positive roles in protecting PSII activity under LK stress. Collectively, this study reveals an important role of melatonin in regulating bermudagrass response to LK stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Chen,
| | - Jibiao Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Erick Amombo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aoyue Bi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Zhao S, Zhang ML, Ma TL, Wang Y. Phosphorylation of ARF2 Relieves Its Repression of Transcription of the K+ Transporter Gene HAK5 in Response to Low Potassium Stress. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:3005-3019. [PMID: 27895227 PMCID: PMC5240742 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) plays crucial roles in plant growth and development. In natural environments, K+ availability in soils is relatively low and fluctuating. Transcriptional regulation of K+ transporter genes is one of the most important mechanisms in the plant's response to K+ deficiency. In this study, we demonstrated that the transcription factor ARF2 (Auxin Response Factor 2) modulates the expression of the K+ transporter gene HAK5 (High Affinity K+ transporter 5) in Arabidopsis thaliana The arf2 mutant plants showed a tolerant phenotype similar to the HAK5-overexpressing lines on low-K+ medium, whose primary root lengths were longer than those of wild-type plants. High-affinity K+ uptake was significantly increased in these plants. ARF2-overexpressing lines and the hak5 mutant were both sensitive to low-K+ stress. Disruption of HAK5 in the arf2 mutant abolished the low-K+-tolerant phenotype of arf2 As a transcriptional repressor, ARF2 directly bound to the HAK5 promoter and repressed HAK5 expression under K+ sufficient conditions. ARF2 can be phosphorylated after low-K+ treatment, which abolished its DNA binding activity to the HAK5 promoter and relieved the inhibition on HAK5 transcription. Therefore, HAK5 transcript could be induced, and HAK5-mediated high-affinity K+ uptake was enhanced under K+ deficient conditions. The presented results demonstrate that ARF2 plays important roles in the response to external K+ supply in Arabidopsis and regulates HAK5 transcription accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tian-Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Li C, Tang Z, Wei J, Qu H, Xie Y, Xu G. The OsAMT1.1 gene functions in ammonium uptake and ammonium-potassium homeostasis over low and high ammonium concentration ranges. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:639-649. [PMID: 27889499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) grown in paddy fields is an ammonium (NH4+)-preferring crop; however, its AMT-type NH4+ transporters that mediate root N acquisition have not been well characterized yet. In this study, we analyzed the expression pattern and physiological function of the OsAMT1.1 gene of the AMT1 subfamily in rice. OsAMT1.1 is located in the plasma membrane and is mainly expressed in the root epidermis, stele and mesophyll cells. Disruption of the OsAMT1.1 gene decreased the uptake of NH4+, and the growth of roots and shoots under both low NH4+ and high NH4+ conditions. OsAMT1.1 contributed to the short-term (5 min) 15NH4+ influx rate by approximately one-quarter, irrespective of the NH4+ concentration. Knockout of OsAMT1.1 significantly decreased the total N transport from roots to shoots under low NH4+ conditions. Moreover, compared with the wild type, the osamt1.1 mutant showed an increase in the potassium (K) absorption rate under high NH4+ conditions and a decrease under low NH4+ conditions. The mutants contained a significantly high concentration of K in both the roots and shoots at a limited K (0.1 mmol/L) supply when NH4+ was replete. Taken together, the results indicated that OsAMT1.1 significantly contributes to the NH4+ uptake under both low and high NH4+ conditions and plays an important role in N-K homeostasis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongye Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanjie Xie
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Hwang JE, Jang DS, Lee KJ, Ahn JW, Kim SH, Kang SY, Kim DS, Kim JB. Identification of gamma ray irradiation-induced mutations in membrane transport genes in a rice population by TILLING. Genes Genet Syst 2016; 91:245-256. [PMID: 27582185 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.15-00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-salt environment represents environmental stress for most plants. Those that can grow and thrive in such an environment must have membrane transport systems that can respond effectively. Plant roots absorb Na+ from the soil, and the plant must maintain Na+ homeostasis to survive salt stress. A major mechanism by which salt-tolerant plants adapt to salt stress is through modulation of ion transport genes. We have subjected a population of rice plants to mutagenesis, and identified lines with both single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in membrane transport genes and altered responses to salt stress. Primers labeled with FAM or HEX fluorescent dyes were designed for nine target genes encoding membrane transport proteins that are believed to regulate salt stress tolerance. A TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genome) assay was performed on 2,961 M2 rice mutant lines using electrophoresis. After the TILLING assay, a total of 41 mutant lines containing SNPs in the target genes were identified and screened. The average number of mutations per gene was 1/492 kb in lines having SNPs, and the percentage of mutation sites per total sequence was 0.67. Among the 41 lines, nine had altered sequences in the exon region of the genes. Of these nine lines, seven were tolerant to salt stress after exposure to 170 mM NaCl for three weeks, while the other two lines were not more salt-tolerant than the control lines. Furthermore, five mutant lines containing SNPs in the coding region of OsAKT1, OsHKT6, OsNSCC2, OsHAK11 and OsSOS1 showed changed expression levels for each gene. We conclude that variation in membrane transport genes, such as expression levels and protein structures, may affect the rice plant's tolerance to salt stress. These mutations represent traits that may be selected for large rice mutant populations, permitting efficient acquisition of salt-tolerant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Hwang
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)
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Brauer EK, Ahsan N, Dale R, Kato N, Coluccio AE, Piñeros MA, Kochian LV, Thelen JJ, Popescu SC. The Raf-like Kinase ILK1 and the High Affinity K+ Transporter HAK5 Are Required for Innate Immunity and Abiotic Stress Response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1470-84. [PMID: 27208244 PMCID: PMC4902592 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and other environmental stresses trigger transient ion fluxes at the plasma membrane. Apart from the role of Ca(2+) uptake in signaling, the regulation and significance of PAMP-induced ion fluxes in immunity remain unknown. We characterized the functions of INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE1 (ILK1) that encodes a Raf-like MAP2K kinase with functions insufficiently understood in plants. Analysis of ILK1 mutants impaired in the expression or kinase activity revealed that ILK1 contributes to plant defense to bacterial pathogens, osmotic stress sensitivity, and cellular responses and total ion accumulation in the plant upon treatment with a bacterial-derived PAMP, flg22. The calmodulin-like protein CML9, a negative modulator of flg22-triggered immunity, interacted with, and suppressed ILK1 kinase activity. ILK1 interacted with and promoted the accumulation of HAK5, a putative (H(+))/K(+) symporter that mediates a high-affinity uptake during K(+) deficiency. ILK1 or HAK5 expression was required for several flg22 responses including gene induction, growth arrest, and plasma membrane depolarization. Furthermore, flg22 treatment induced a rapid K(+) efflux at both the plant and cellular levels in wild type, while mutants with impaired ILK1 or HAK5 expression exhibited a comparatively increased K(+) loss. Taken together, our results position ILK1 as a link between plant defense pathways and K(+) homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Brauer
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Renee Dale
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Naohiro Kato
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Alison E Coluccio
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Miguel A Piñeros
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Leon V Kochian
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Jay J Thelen
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
| | - Sorina C Popescu
- The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (E.K.B., S.C.P.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.T.T.); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (R.D., N.K.); and Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (A.E.C., M.A.P., L.V.K.)
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50
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Nath M, Tuteja N. NPKS uptake, sensing, and signaling and miRNAs in plant nutrient stress. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:767-786. [PMID: 26085375 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sessile nature of higher plants consequently makes it highly adaptable for nutrient absorption and acquisition from soil. Plants require 17 essential elements for their growth and development which include 14 minerals (macronutrients: N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S; micronutrients: Cl, Fe, B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mo) and 3 non-mineral (C, H, O) elements. The roots of higher plants must acquire these macronutrients and micronutrients from rhizosphere and further allocate to other plant parts for completing their life cycle. Plants evolved an intricate series of signaling and sensing cascades to maintain nutrient homeostasis and to cope with nutrient stress/availability. The specific receptors for nutrients in root, root system architecture, and internal signaling pathways help to develop plasticity in response to the nutrient starvation. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) are essential for various metabolic processes, and their deficiency negatively effects the plant growth and yield. Genes coding for transporters and receptors for nutrients as well as some small non-coding RNAs have been implicated in nutrient uptake and signaling. This review summarizes the N, P, K, and S uptake, sensing and signaling events in nutrient stress condition especially in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and involvement of microRNAs in nutrient deficiency. This article also provides a framework of uptake, sensing, signaling and to highlight the microRNA as an emerging major players in nutrient stress condition. Nutrient-plant-miRNA cross talk may help plant to cope up nutrient stress, and understanding their precise mechanism(s) will be necessary to develop high yielding smart crop with low nutrient input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Nath
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India.
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