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Mamtani M, Jaisinghani MT, Jaiswal SG, Pipal KV, Patel AA, Kulkarni H. Genetic association of anthropometric traits with type 2 diabetes in ethnically endogamous Sindhi families. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257390. [PMID: 34506595 PMCID: PMC8432747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethnically endogamous populations can shed light on the genetics of type 2 diabetes. Such studies are lacking in India. We conducted this study to determine the genetic and environmental contributions of anthropometric traits to type 2 diabetes risk in the Sindhi families in central India. Methods We conducted a family study in Indian Sindhi families with at least one case of type 2 diabetes. Variance components methods were used to quantify the genetic association of 18 anthropometric traits with eight type 2 diabetes related traits. Univariate and bivariate polygenic models were used to determine the heritability, genetic and environmental correlation of anthropometric traits with type 2 diabetes related traits. Results We included 1,152 individuals from 112 phenotyped families. The ascertainment-bias corrected prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 35%. Waist circumference, hip circumference and the biceps, triceps, subscapular and medial calf skinfold thicknesses were polygenically and significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. The range of heritability of the anthropometric traits and type 2 diabetes related traits was 0.27–0.73 and 0.00–0.39, respectively. Heritability of type 2 diabetes as a discrete trait was 0.35. Heritability curves demonstrated a substantial local influence of type 2 diabetes related traits. Bivariate trait analyses showed that biceps and abdominal skinfold thickness and all waist-containing indexes were strongly genetically correlated with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions In this first study of Sindhi families, we found evidence for genetic and environmental concordance of anthropometric traits with type 2 diabetes. Future studies need to probe into the genetics of type 2 diabetes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Mamtani
- Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India
- M&H Research, LLC, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | - Hemant Kulkarni
- Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India
- M&H Research, LLC, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Wan JY, Goodman DL, Willems EL, Freedland AR, Norden-Krichmar TM, Santorico SA, Edwards KL. Genome-wide association analysis of metabolic syndrome quantitative traits in the GENNID multiethnic family study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:59. [PMID: 34074324 PMCID: PMC8170963 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify genetic associations of quantitative metabolic syndrome (MetS) traits and characterize heterogeneity across ethnic groups. METHODS Data was collected from GENetics of Noninsulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (GENNID), a multiethnic resource of Type 2 diabetic families and included 1520 subjects in 259 African-American, European-American, Japanese-Americans, and Mexican-American families. We focused on eight MetS traits: weight, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and insulin. Using genotyped and imputed data from Illumina's Multiethnic array, we conducted genome-wide association analyses with linear mixed models for all ethnicities, except for the smaller Japanese-American group, where we used additive genetic models with gene-dropping. RESULTS Findings included ethnic-specific genetic associations and heterogeneity across ethnicities. Most significant associations were outside our candidate linkage regions and were coincident within a gene or intergenic region, with two exceptions in European-American families: (a) within previously identified linkage region on chromosome 2, two significant GLI2-TFCP2L1 associations with weight, and (b) one chromosome 11 variant near CADM1-LINC00900 with pleiotropic blood pressure effects. CONCLUSIONS This multiethnic family study found genetic heterogeneity and coincident associations (with one case of pleiotropy), highlighting the importance of including diverse populations in genetic research and illustrating the complex genetic architecture underlying MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Y Wan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Program in Public Health, University of California, 635 E. Peltason Dr, Mail Code: 7550, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Deborah L Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Program in Public Health, University of California, 635 E. Peltason Dr, Mail Code: 7550, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Emileigh L Willems
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alexis R Freedland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Program in Public Health, University of California, 635 E. Peltason Dr, Mail Code: 7550, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Trina M Norden-Krichmar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Program in Public Health, University of California, 635 E. Peltason Dr, Mail Code: 7550, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Stephanie A Santorico
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Karen L Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Program in Public Health, University of California, 635 E. Peltason Dr, Mail Code: 7550, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Morales LD, Cromack DT, Tripathy D, Fourcaudot M, Kumar S, Curran JE, Carless M, Göring HHH, Hu SL, Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Garske KM, Pajukanta P, Small KS, Glastonbury CA, Das SK, Langefeld C, Hanson RL, Hsueh WC, Norton L, Arya R, Mummidi S, Blangero J, DeFronzo RA, Duggirala R, Jenkinson CP. Further evidence supporting a potential role for ADH1B in obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1932. [PMID: 33479282 PMCID: PMC7820614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is an essential hormone that regulates glucose homeostasis and metabolism. Insulin resistance (IR) arises when tissues fail to respond to insulin, and it leads to serious health problems including Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Obesity is a major contributor to the development of IR and T2D. We previously showed that gene expression of alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) was inversely correlated with obesity and IR in subcutaneous adipose tissue of Mexican Americans. In the current study, a meta-analysis of the relationship between ADH1B expression and BMI in Mexican Americans, African Americans, Europeans, and Pima Indians verified that BMI was increased with decreased ADH1B expression. Using established human subcutaneous pre-adipocyte cell lines derived from lean (BMI < 30 kg m-2) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg m-2) donors, we found that ADH1B protein expression increased substantially during differentiation, and overexpression of ADH1B inhibited fatty acid binding protein expression. Mature adipocytes from lean donors expressed ADH1B at higher levels than obese donors. Insulin further induced ADH1B protein expression as well as enzyme activity. Knockdown of ADH1B expression decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Our findings suggest that ADH1B is involved in the proper development and metabolic activity of adipose tissues and this function is suppressed by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza D Morales
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA.
| | | | - Devjit Tripathy
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marcel Fourcaudot
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Satish Kumar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Melanie Carless
- Department of Population Health, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Harald H H Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Shirley L Hu
- University of Texas Health Houston, School of Public Health, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Kristina M Garske
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Swapan K Das
- Internal Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carl Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, NIDDK, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, NIDDK, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Luke Norton
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rector Arya
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Christopher P Jenkinson
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA.
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Wan JY, Cataby C, Liem A, Jeffrey E, Norden-Krichmar TM, Goodman D, Santorico SA, Edwards KL. Evidence for gene-smoking interactions for hearing loss and deafness in Japanese American families. Hear Res 2019; 387:107875. [PMID: 31896498 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the relationship between smoking and hearing loss and deafness (HLD) and whether the relationship is modified by genetic variation. Data for these analyses was from the subset of Japanese American families collected as part of the American Diabetes Association Genetics of Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus study. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations assessed the relationship between HLD and smoking. Nonparametric linkage analysis identified genetic regions harboring HLD susceptibility genes and ordered subset analysis was used to identify regions showing evidence for gene-smoking interactions. Genetic variants within these candidate regions were then each tested for interaction with smoking using logistic regression models. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, diabetes status and smoking duration, for each pack of cigarettes smoked per day, risk of HLD increased 4.58 times (odds ratio (OR) = 4.58; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): (1.40,15.03)), and ever smokers were over 5 times more likely than nonsmokers to report HLD (OR = 5.22; 95% CI: (1.24, 22.03)). Suggestive evidence for linkage for HLD was observed in multiple genomic regions (Chromosomes 5p15, 8p23 and 17q21), and additional suggestive regions were identified when considering interactions with smoking status (Chromosomes 7p21, 11q23, 12q32, 15q26, and 20q13) and packs-per-day (Chromosome 8q21). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge this was the first report of possible gene-by-smoking interactions in HLD using family data. Additional work, including independent replication, is needed to understand the basis of these findings. HLD are important public health issues and understanding the contributions of genetic and environmental factors may inform public health messages and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Y Wan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Christina Cataby
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Andrew Liem
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Emily Jeffrey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | | | - Deborah Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Stephanie A Santorico
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, United States
| | - Karen L Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, United States; Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, United States.
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Muhammad FY, Gezawa ID, Uloko A, Yakasai AM, Habib AG, Iliyasu G. Metabolic syndrome among HIV infected patients: A comparative cross sectional study in northwestern Nigeria. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 1:S523-S529. [PMID: 28410829 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing availability of antiretroviral drugs has made HIV-positive patients to live longer, and conditions that are associated with longevity such as metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular related conditions have become relevant in them. This is less well studied among African populations. Therefore the study aimed at estimating and comparing the prevalence of and associated risk factors for the metabolic syndrome (MS) among African HIV infected patients. METHOD In this comparative cross-sectional study, we analyzed the data of 300 participants matched for age and gender who satisfied the inclusion criteria with half of the subjects on HAART, while the other half was HAART naïve. The MS was diagnosed using ATP-III criteria. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 34.8±9.9years. The majority of the patients were females 64%. The prevalence of MS among HAART-exposed patients was found to be 19.3%, while it was 5.3% among HAART naïve patients (p=0.001). Raised triglyceride and elevated blood pressure were the criteria with the highest occurrence among HAART-exposed, 82.8% for each. Advanced age, longer duration of HIV diagnosis and HAART exposure, increased BMI, weight gain after HAART exposure, exposure to PIs and increased mean CD4 cell count were found to be significantly associated with MS (p<0.05). However, only age (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.6-11.8, p=0.005) and BMI (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.5-11.9, p=0.007) were found to be independently associated with the development of MS. CONCLUSION Exposure to HAART particularly protease inhibitor based regimen increases the risk of MS among HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim Danjummai Gezawa
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Andrew Uloko
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Ahmad Maifada Yakasai
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Abdulrazaq Garba Habib
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Garba Iliyasu
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
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Zhou T, Yang Y, Zhang L, Liu Y, Lai X, Li Y, Li X, Xiong Y, Yang L, Irwin D. NOVEL GENETIC FINDINGS IN A CHINESE FAMILY WITH EARLY-ONSET FEMALE-RELATED TYPE 2 DIABETES. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2017; 13:364-369. [PMID: 31149201 PMCID: PMC6516578 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2017.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
No inheritance of early-onset female-related type 2 diabetes was reported within Chinese families. In this study, we aim to describe the inheritance pattern of type 2 diabetes in a 3-generation family and identify the gene responsible for type 2 diabetes. Genome-wide multipoint parametric linkage analysis revealed a maximum multipoint logarithm of odds (lod) score of 2.1 for a locus being associated with type 2 diabetes in this family on chromosome 20p11.2-12 between 23.5~30.8cM. Type 2 diabetes may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with a high female-related penetrance in this family. Here we describe the first genetic locus for type 2 diabetes at chromosome 20p11.2-12. This region contains 8 known or predicted genes (PLCB1, PLCB4, LAMP5, PAK7, ANKEF1, SNAP25, SLX4IP, and JAG1). Gene SNAP25 which linked to energy or glucose homeostasis associated phenotypes may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.C. Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Y. Yang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - L. Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, China
| | - Y.Y. Liu
- Central Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, China
| | - X. Lai
- Central Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, China
| | - Y. Li
- Central Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, China
| | - X. Li
- Central Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, China
| | - Y.X. Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, China
| | - L. Yang
- The second affiliated hosptial of Kunming Medicial Unversity, Nuclear medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - D.M. Irwin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Toronto, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, Canada
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Wu P, Chen Q, Chen L, Zhang P, Xiao J, Chen X, Liu M, Wang S. Dose-Response Relationship between Alanine Aminotransferase Levels within the Reference Interval and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:158-164. [PMID: 27873509 PMCID: PMC5122632 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.1.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels is a biomarker for metabolic syndrome (MS); however, the relationship has not been fully investigated within the reference interval of ALT levels. Our objective was to explore the relationship between serum ALT levels within the reference interval and MS in Chinese adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 16028 adults, who attended routine health check-ups at Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital from January 2006 to March 2012. The reference interval of serum ALT level was defined as less than 40 U/L. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline were used to evaluate the association of ALT with MS. RESULTS The prevalence of MS in the total population was 13.7% (6.4% for females and 18.4% for males). Multiple logistic regression showed that ALT levels were positively associated with MS after adjustment for potential confounding factors. The odds ratio of MS in the top quartile was 4.830 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.980-7.829] in females and 3.168 (95% CI: 2.649-3.790) in males, compared with the ALT levels in the bottom quartile. The restricted cubic spline models revealed a positive non-linear dose-response relationship between ALT levels and the risk of MS in women (p for nonlinearity was 0.0327), but a positive linear dose-response relationship in men (p for nonlinearity was 0.0659). CONCLUSION Serum ALT levels within the reference interval are positively associated with MS in a dose-response manner. Elevated ALT levels, even within the reference interval, may reflect early dysmetabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qicai Chen
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Dongying Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Tianjin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Medical Records and Statistics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Sánchez-Pozos K, Menjívar M. Genetic Component of Type 2 Diabetes in a Mexican Population. Arch Med Res 2016; 47:496-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Senemar S, Edraki MR, Toosi S. Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus, biochemical factors and UCSNP-43 polymorphisms of CALPIN-10 gene in patients with atherosclerosis of coronary artery disease in Southern Iran population. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2016; 8:13-9. [PMID: 27069562 PMCID: PMC4827134 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2016.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Genetic variations in the calpain 10 gene (CALPIN-10), single nucleotide polymorphisms-43 (SNP-43), have increased the risk of type 2 diabete mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods: We studied the control and CAD groups for association of association of SNP-43 in the CALPIN-10 gene with T2DM and other risk factors of its complications. Overall, we examined 452 individuals, 224 patients with CAD and 228 healthy subjects for CAD in Iranian population. All the subjects were genotyped for the CALPIN-10, SNP-43 by polymorphism chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods, using biochemical methods to detect fasting glucose and other biochemical factors in the blood sample. We assessed frequencies of SNP-43 alleles between CAD and normal population groups.
Results: In CAD patients, the GG allele was significantly associated with T2DM and GG allele was causing high level of glucose. But in control group, there was no relationship between them. Between clinical and biochemical risk factors with different genotypes there was no significant difference in the compared group.
Conclusion: The results of our study suggest no significant association between SNP-43 and the risk of T2DM. In other words, CALPIN-10 did not show a major diabetes gene pool capacity in normal southern Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Senemar
- Human Genetics Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education & Research (ACECR), Fars Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Edraki
- Institute for Pediatric Cardiologist, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samane Toosi
- Human Genetics Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education & Research (ACECR), Fars Branch, Shiraz, Iran
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Khodaeian M, Enayati S, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Amoli MM. Association between Genetic Variants and Diabetes Mellitus in Iranian Populations: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:585917. [PMID: 26587547 PMCID: PMC4637497 DOI: 10.1155/2015/585917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus as the most prevalent metabolic disease is a multifactorial disease which is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. In this systematic review, we assessed the association between genetic variants and diabetes/its complications in studies with Iranian populations. METHODS Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Persian web databases were systematically searched up to January 2014. The search terms were "gene," "polymorphism," "diabetes," and "diabetic complications"; nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, foot ulcer, and CAD (coronary artery diseases); and Persian equivalents. Animal studies, letters to editor, and in vitro studies were excluded. RESULTS Out of overall 3029 eligible articles, 88 articles were included. We found significant association between CTLA-4, IL-18, VDR, TAP2, IL-12, and CD4 genes and T1DM, HNFα and MODY, haptoglobin, paraoxonase, leptin, TCF7L2, calreticulin, ERα, PPAR-γ2, CXCL5, calpain-10, IRS-1 and 2, GSTM1, KCNJ11, eNOS, VDR, INSR, ACE, apoA-I, apo E, adiponectin, PTPN1, CETP, AT1R, resistin, MMP-3, BChE K, AT2R, SUMO4, IL-10, VEGF, MTHFR, and GSTM1 with T2DM or its complications. DISCUSSION We found some controversial results due to heterogeneity in ethnicity and genetic background. We thought genome wide association studies on large number of samples will be helpful in identifying diabetes susceptible genes as an alternative to studying individual candidate genes in Iranian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Khodaeian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Enayati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M. Amoli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yazdi FT, Clee SM, Meyre D. Obesity genetics in mouse and human: back and forth, and back again. PeerJ 2015; 3:e856. [PMID: 25825681 PMCID: PMC4375971 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern. This condition results from a constant and complex interplay between predisposing genes and environmental stimuli. Current attempts to manage obesity have been moderately effective and a better understanding of the etiology of obesity is required for the development of more successful and personalized prevention and treatment options. To that effect, mouse models have been an essential tool in expanding our understanding of obesity, due to the availability of their complete genome sequence, genetically identified and defined strains, various tools for genetic manipulation and the accessibility of target tissues for obesity that are not easily attainable from humans. Our knowledge of monogenic obesity in humans greatly benefited from the mouse obesity genetics field. Genes underlying highly penetrant forms of monogenic obesity are part of the leptin-melanocortin pathway in the hypothalamus. Recently, hypothesis-generating genome-wide association studies for polygenic obesity traits in humans have led to the identification of 119 common gene variants with modest effect, most of them having an unknown function. These discoveries have led to novel animal models and have illuminated new biologic pathways. Integrated mouse-human genetic approaches have firmly established new obesity candidate genes. Innovative strategies recently developed by scientists are described in this review to accelerate the identification of causal genes and deepen our understanding of obesity etiology. An exhaustive dissection of the molecular roots of obesity may ultimately help to tackle the growing obesity epidemic worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh T. Yazdi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne M. Clee
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Ediger BN, Du A, Liu J, Hunter CS, Walp ER, Schug J, Kaestner KH, Stein R, Stoffers DA, May CL. Islet-1 Is essential for pancreatic β-cell function. Diabetes 2014; 63:4206-17. [PMID: 25028525 PMCID: PMC4237994 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Islet-1 (Isl-1) is essential for the survival and ensuing differentiation of pancreatic endocrine progenitors. Isl-1 remains expressed in all adult pancreatic endocrine lineages; however, its specific function in the postnatal pancreas is unclear. Here we determine whether Isl-1 plays a distinct role in the postnatal β-cell by performing physiological and morphometric analyses of a tamoxifen-inducible, β-cell-specific Isl-1 loss-of-function mouse: Isl-1(L/L); Pdx1-CreER(Tm). Ablating Isl-1 in postnatal β-cells reduced glucose tolerance without significantly reducing β-cell mass or increasing β-cell apoptosis. Rather, islets from Isl-1(L/L); Pdx1-CreER(Tm) mice showed impaired insulin secretion. To identify direct targets of Isl-1, we integrated high-throughput gene expression and Isl-1 chromatin occupancy using islets from Isl-1(L/L); Pdx1-CreER(Tm) mice and βTC3 insulinoma cells, respectively. Ablating Isl-1 significantly affected the β-cell transcriptome, including known targets Insulin and MafA as well as novel targets Pdx1 and Slc2a2. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and luciferase reporter assays, we found that Isl-1 directly occupies functional regulatory elements of Pdx1 and Slc2a2. Thus Isl-1 is essential for postnatal β-cell function, directly regulates Pdx1 and Slc2a2, and has a mature β-cell cistrome distinct from that of pancreatic endocrine progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Ediger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Department of Medicine and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aiping Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Erik R Walp
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Doris A Stoffers
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Catherine L May
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA
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Terry NA, Walp ER, Lee RA, Kaestner KH, May CL. Impaired enteroendocrine development in intestinal-specific Islet1 mouse mutants causes impaired glucose homeostasis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G979-91. [PMID: 25214396 PMCID: PMC4233286 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00390.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells secrete over a dozen different hormones responsible for coordinating digestion, absorption, metabolism, and gut motility. Loss of enteroendocrine cells is a known cause of severe congenital diarrhea. Furthermore, enteroendocrine cells regulate glucose metabolism, with the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) playing critical roles in stimulating insulin release by pancreatic β-cells. Islet1 (Isl1) is a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor expressed specifically in an array of intestinal endocrine cells, including incretin-expressing cells. To examine the impact of intestinal Isl1 on glycemic control, we set out to explore the role of intestinal Isl1 in hormone cell specification and organismal physiology. Mice with intestinal epithelial-specific ablation of Isl1 were obtained by crossing Villin-Cre transgenic animals with mice harboring a Isl1(loxP) allele (Isl1(int) model). Gene ablation of Isl1 in the intestine results in loss of GLP-1, GIP, cholecystokinin (CCK), and somatostatin-expressing cells and an increase in 5-HT (serotonin)-producing cells, while the chromogranin A population was unchanged. This dramatic change in hormonal milieu results in animals with lipid malabsorption and females smaller than their littermate controls. Interestingly, when challenged with oral, not intraperitoneal glucose, the Isl-1 intestinal-deficient animals (Isl1(int)) display impaired glucose tolerance, indicating loss of the incretin effect. Thus the Isl1(int) model confirms that intestinal biology is essential for organism physiology in glycemic control and susceptibility to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A. Terry
- 1The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ,2Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ,3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Erik R. Walp
- 1The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ,3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Randall A. Lee
- 1The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ,2Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
| | - Klaus H. Kaestner
- 4Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Catherine Lee May
- 1The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ,2Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ,3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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15
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Manios Y, Moschonis G, Papandreou C, Siatitsa PE, Iatridi V, Lidoriki I, Lionis C, Chrousos GP. Female sex, small size at birth and low family income increase the likelihood of insulin resistance in late childhood: the Healthy Growth Study. Pediatr Diabetes 2014; 15:41-50. [PMID: 23848453 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify among a wide range of perinatal indices, as well as certain family sociodemographic and parental characteristics, those independently associated with insulin resistance (IR) in late childhood. METHODS A representative sample of 2195 Greek schoolchildren, aged 9-13 yr, was examined, and based on the biochemical indices collected IR was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR < 3.16). Perinatal data were recorded from children's medical records, retrospectively, while family sociodemographics and parental anthropometrics were reported by parents. RESULTS The overall prevalence of IR was 28.4%, with a higher prevalence observed for girls compared with boys (p <0.05). Examination of univariate associations, per se, showed that maternal current and pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, maternal smoking at early pregnancy, children's small birth weight, and rapid growth at infancy as well as female sex and non-Caucasian race increased the likelihood of IR. In contrast, folate supplementation during pregnancy, as well as higher paternal education and annual family income decreased the likelihood of IR in children. Inclusion of all above variables at a multivariable regression model highlighted female sex [odds ratios (OR): 1.67, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.30-2.13], small birth weight (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03-2.01), and higher annual family income (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.95 for 12 000-30 000 € and OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48-0.96 for >30 000 €) as the only significant correlates of IR after also controlling for children's body mass index (BMI) and Tanner stage. CONCLUSIONS The current study highlighted small birth weight and female sex as the only perinatal factors independently associated with the occurrence of IR in late childhood, when examined at a multivariable level with a wide range of perinatal indices as well as certain family sociodemographic and parental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Timmerman E, Pajkrt E, Snijders RJM, Bilardo CM. High macrosomia rate in healthy fetuses after enlarged nuchal translucency. Prenat Diagn 2014; 34:103-8. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Timmerman
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - E. Pajkrt
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - R. J. M. Snijders
- Prenatal Screening Foundation Northeast of the Netherlands; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - C. M. Bilardo
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University Medical Centre; Groningen The Netherlands
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17
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Hoteit M, Arabi A, Habib R, Mahfouz R, Baddoura R, Halaby G, El-Hajj Fuleihan G. Estrogen receptor α is not a candidate gene for metabolic syndrome in Caucasian elderly subjects. Metabolism 2014; 63:50-60. [PMID: 24140101 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Variants of estrogen receptor α (ERα) have been associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes and blood pressure. The Middle East registers some of the highest rate of metabolic syndrome worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome, a clustered combination of these metabolic factors, and polymorphisms PvuII and XbaI of ERα in Lebanese Caucasian elderly overweight subjects. MATERIAL/METHODS 250 Caucasian Lebanese unrelated elderly men and women, median age 71 years, were studied. ERα intronic polymorphisms variants, PvuII and XbaI diplotypes and genotypes, were examined. Associations with metabolic syndrome, defined by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), and its components, namely high density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting glucose levels, blood pressure, and waist circumference were evaluated in regression models. RESULTS ER α diplotypes and genotypes distributions were similar between participants with and without metabolic syndrome, in the overall group of subjects, and by gender. No consistent associations between the diplotypes and genotypes tested and metabolic syndrome, or its components, could be detected. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants in ERα were not associated with metabolic syndrome or its components, in a group of 250 Lebanese Caucasian elderly participants, a group with a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Hoteit
- Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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18
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Liu Z, Que S, Ning H, Wang L, Peng T. Elevated alanine aminotransferase is strongly associated with incident metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80596. [PMID: 24324614 PMCID: PMC3851461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is rapidly increasing worldwide and associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. However, the impact of ALT activity on MetS incidence is inconsistent in published literature. We therefore estimated the association between elevated ALT activity and incident MetS through a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS All published prospective cohort studies on the association between elevated ALT activity and incident MetS were retrieved from Pubmed, Embase, and the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). In all, seven prospective cohort studies, with 31545 participants and 2873 cases of incident MetS were recruited. If there was insignificant heterogeneity (P-value>0.05 and I(2)<50%), the fixed-effect model was used to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) of incident MetS induced by raised ALT. Otherwise, the random-effect model was used. The calculated RR was 1.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49-2.14) when the incidence of MetS was compared between the highest versus the lowest classification of ALT activities. The pooled RR was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.11-1.16) in dose-response analysis with 5 units per liter (U/l) of ALT increment. Subgroup analysis suggested that gender disparity might be the main origin of heterogeneity in overall analysis (P = 0.007 between RRs of gender-specific subgroups evaluated with 5 U/l increments of ALT). Women had a higher dose-response risk of MetS incidence (1.38, 95% CI: 1.20-1.55) than men. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of results. No publication bias was found in our meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Current evidence from prospective studies supports the association between ALT elevation and increasing MetS incidence. This association is closer and more consistent in female population. Further studies are needed to confirm this association and to investigate the potential mechanism of ALT activity on MetS occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Shuping Que
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and children’s hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Huaijun Ning
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and children’s hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
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19
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Aslibekyan S, An P, Frazier-Wood AC, Kabagambe EK, Irvin MR, Straka RJ, Tiwari HK, Tsai MY, Hopkins PN, Borecki IB, Ordovas JM, Arnett DK. Preliminary evidence of genetic determinants of adiponectin response to fenofibrate in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:987-994. [PMID: 23149075 PMCID: PMC3578131 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adiponectin is an adipose-secreted protein that has been linked to changes in insulin sensitivity, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and inflammatory patterns. Although fenofibrate therapy can raise adiponectin levels, treatment response is heterogeneous and heritable, suggesting a role for genetic mediators. This is the first genome-wide association study of fenofibrate effects on circulating adiponectin. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma adiponectin was measured in participants of the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (n = 793) before and after a 3-week daily treatment with 160 mg of fenofibrate. Associations between variants on the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 and adiponectin were assessed using mixed linear models, adjusted for age, sex, site, and family. We observed a statistically significant (P = 5 × 10⁻⁸) association between rs2384207 in 12q24, a region previously linked to several metabolic traits, and the fenofibrate-induced change in circulating adiponectin. Additionally, our genome-wide analysis of baseline adiponectin levels replicated the previously reported association with CDH13 and suggested novel associations with markers near the PCK1, ZBP1, TMEM18, and SCUBE1 genes. The findings from the single marker tests were corroborated in gene-based analyses. Biological pathway analyses suggested a borderline significant association between the EGF receptor signaling pathway and baseline adiponectin levels. CONCLUSIONS We present preliminary evidence linking several biologically relevant genetic variants to adiponectin levels at baseline and in response to fenofibrate therapy. Our findings provide support for fine-mapping of the 12q24 region to investigate the shared biological mechanisms underlying levels of circulating adiponectin and susceptibility to metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, RPHB 217G, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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20
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Okamoto K, Iwasaki N, Doi K, Noiri E, Iwamoto Y, Uchigata Y, Fujita T, Tokunaga K. Inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by KCNJ15, a newly identified susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2012; 61:1734-41. [PMID: 22566534 PMCID: PMC3379671 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 15 (KCNJ15) is a type 2 diabetes-associated risk gene, and Kcnj15 overexpression suppresses insulin secretion in rat insulinoma (INS1) cells. The aim of the current study was to characterize the role of Kcnj15 by knockdown of this gene in vitro and in vivo. Human islet cells were used to determine the expression of KCNJ15. Expression of KCNJ15 mRNA in islets was higher in subjects with type 2 diabetes. In INS1 cells, Kcnj15 expression was induced by high glucose-containing medium. Regulation of Kcnj15 by glucose and its effect on insulin secretion were analyzed in INS1 cells and in normal mice and diabetic mice by the inactivation of Kcnj15 using small interfering RNA. Knockdown of Kcnj15 increased the insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo. KCNJ15 and Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (CsR) interact in the kidney. Binding of Kcnj15 with CsR was also detected in INS1 cells. In conclusion, downregulation of Kcnj15 leads to increased insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism to regulate insulin secretion involves KCNJ15 and CsR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Okamoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Iwasaki
- Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Integrated Medical Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding authors: Katsushi Tokunaga, , and Naoko Iwasaki,
| | - Kent Doi
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisei Noiri
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasuko Uchigata
- Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding authors: Katsushi Tokunaga, , and Naoko Iwasaki,
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Wu C, Gong Y, Yuan J, Gong H, Zou Y, Ge J. Identification of shared genetic susceptibility locus for coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity: a meta-analysis of genome-wide studies. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:68. [PMID: 22697793 PMCID: PMC3481354 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (2DM), obesity, and coronary artery disease (CAD) are frequently coexisted being as key components of metabolic syndrome. Whether there is shared genetic background underlying these diseases remained unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of 35 genome screens for 2DM, 36 for obesity or body mass index (BMI)-defined obesity, and 21 for CAD using genome search meta-analysis (GSMA), which combines linkage results to identify regions with only weak evidence and provide genetic interactions among different diseases. For each study, 120 genomic bins of approximately 30 cM were defined and ranked according to the best linkage evidence within each bin. For each disease, bin 6.2 achieved genomic significanct evidence, and bin 9.3, 10.5, 16.3 reached suggestive level for 2DM. Bin 11.2 and 16.3, and bin 10.5 and 9.3, reached suggestive evidence for obesity and CAD respectively. In pooled all three diseases, bin 9.3 and 6.5 reached genomic significant and suggestive evidence respectively, being relatively much weaker for 2DM/CAD or 2DM/obesity or CAD/obesity. Further, genomewide significant evidence was observed of bin 16.3 and 4.5 for 2DM/obesity, which is decreased when CAD was added. These findings indicated that bin 9.3 and 6.5 are most likely to be shared by 2DM, obesity and CAD. And bin 16.3 and 4.5 are potentially common regions to 2DM and obesity only. The observed shared susceptibility regions imply a partly overlapping genetic aspects of disease development. Fine scanning of these regions will definitely identify more susceptibility genes and causal variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoneng Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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22
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Nguyen QM, Xu JH, Chen W, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Correlates of age onset of type 2 diabetes among relatively young black and white adults in a community: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Diabetes Care 2012; 35:1341-6. [PMID: 22399694 PMCID: PMC3357227 DOI: 10.2337/dc11-1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risk factors for middle-age onset of type 2 diabetes are well known. However, information is scant regarding the age onset of type 2 diabetes and its correlates in community-based black and white relatively young adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective cohort study consisted of normoglycemic (n = 2,459) and type 2 diabetic (n = 144) adults aged 18-50 years who were followed for an average of 16 years. RESULTS The incidence rate of the onset of type 2 diabetes was 1.6, 4.3, 3.9, and 3.4 per 1,000 person-years for age-groups 18-29, 30-39, and 40-50 and total sample, respectively. Incidences of diabetes increased with age by race and sex groups (P for trend ≤ 0.01); higher in black females versus white females and blacks versus whites in total sample (P < 0.05). In a multivariable Cox model, baseline parental diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 5.24) and plasma insulin were significantly associated with diabetes incidence at the youngest age (18-29 years); black race, BMI, and glucose at age 30-39 years; female sex, parental diabetes (HR 2.44), BMI, ratio of triglycerides and HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C ratio), and glucose at age 40-50 years; and black race, parental diabetes (HR 2.44), BMI, TG/HDL-C ratio, and glucose in whole cohort. Further, patients with diabetes, regardless of age onset, displayed a significantly higher prevalence of maternal history of diabetes at baseline (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In relatively young adults, predictability of baseline cardiometabolic risk factors along with race, sex, and parental history of diabetes for the onset of type 2 diabetes varied by age-group. These findings have implications for early prevention and intervention in relatively young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Manh Nguyen
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ji-Hua Xu
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Wei Chen
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sathanur R. Srinivasan
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Gerald S. Berenson
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Dagogo-Jack
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Clinical Research Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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Abstract
The risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases with obesity. One possible explanation is that pleiotropic genes affect risk of both T2D and obesity. To identify pleiotropic genes, we performed bivariate analysis of T2D with waist-hip ratio (WHR) and with body mass index (BMI) in the African-American subset of the Genetics of NIDDM (GENNID) sample. Of 12 T2D loci identified through suggestive or higher univariate logarithm of the odds ratio (lod) scores, we inferred pleiotropy with obesity for six (chromosomes 1 at 17-19 Mb, 2 at 237-240 Mb, 7 at 54-73 Mb, 13 at 26-30 Mb, 16 at 26-47 Mb and 20 at 56-59 Mb). These findings provide evidence that at least some of the co-occurrence of obesity with T2D is because of pleiotropic genes. We also inferred four obesity loci through suggestive or higher lod scores for WHR (chromosomes 1 at 24-32 Mb, 2 at 79-88 Mb, 2 at 234-238 Mb and 3 at 148-159 Mb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J Hasstedt
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330, USA.
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25
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Edwards KL, Wan JY, Hutter CM, Fong PY, Santorico SA. Multivariate linkage scan for metabolic syndrome traits in families with type 2 diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:1235-43. [PMID: 21183932 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate evidence for linkage to interrelated quantitative features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Data on eight quantitative MetS traits (body weight, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and fasting glucose and insulin measurements) and a 10 cM genome scan were available for 78 white families (n = 532 subjects). These data were used to conduct multipoint, multivariate linkage analyses, including tests for coincident linkage and complete pleiotropy. The strongest evidence for linkage from the bivariate analyses was observed on chromosome 1 (1p22.2) (HDL-TG; univariate lod score equivalent (lod(eq) = 3.99)) with stronger results from the trivariate analysis at the same location (HDL-TG-Insulin; lod(eq) = 4.32). Seven additional susceptibility regions (lod(eq) scores >1.9) were observed (1p36, 1q23, 2q21.2, 8q23.3, 14q23.2, 14q32.11, and 20p11.21). The results from this study indicate that several correlated traits of the MetS are influenced by the same gene(s) that account for some of the clustering of the MetS features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Christmas J, Keedwell E, Frayling TM, Perry JR. Ant colony optimisation to identify genetic variant association with type 2 diabetes. Inf Sci (N Y) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sojo L, Garcia-Patterson A, María MA, Martín E, Ubeda J, Adelantado JM, de Leiva A, Corcoy R. Are birth weight predictors in diabetic pregnancy the same in boys and girls? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 153:32-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sarashina A, Sesoko S, Nakashima M, Hayashi N, Taniguchi A, Horie Y, Graefe-Mody EU, Woerle HJ, Dugi KA. Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of single and multiple escalating doses in healthy adult male japanese subjects. Clin Ther 2010; 32:1188-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Okamoto K, Iwasaki N, Nishimura C, Doi K, Noiri E, Nakamura S, Takizawa M, Ogata M, Fujimaki R, Grarup N, Pisinger C, Borch-Johnsen K, Lauritzen T, Sandbaek A, Hansen T, Yasuda K, Osawa H, Nanjo K, Kadowaki T, Kasuga M, Pedersen O, Fujita T, Kamatani N, Iwamoto Y, Tokunaga K. Identification of KCNJ15 as a susceptibility gene in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 86:54-64. [PMID: 20085713 PMCID: PMC2801752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in genome research have enabled the identification of new genomic variations that are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Via fine mapping of SNPs in a candidate region of chromosome 21q, the current study identifies potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 15 (KCNJ15) as a new T2DM susceptibility gene. KCNJ15 is expressed in the beta cell of the pancreas, and a synonymous SNP, rs3746876, in exon 4 (C566T) of this gene, with T allele frequency among control subjects of 3.1%, showed a significant association with T2DM affecting lean individuals in three independent Japanese sample sets (p = 2.5 x 10(-7), odds ratio [OR] = 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.76-3.67) and with unstratified T2DM (p = 6.7 x 10(-6), OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.37-2.25). The diabetes risk allele frequency was, however, very low among Europeans in whom no association between this variant and T2DM could be shown. Functional analysis in human embryonic kidney 293 cells demonstrated that the risk allele of the synonymous SNP in exon 4 increased KCNJ15 expression via increased mRNA stability, which resulted in the higher expression of protein as compared to that of the nonrisk allele. We also showed that KCNJ15 is expressed in human pancreatic beta cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated a significant association between a synonymous variant in KCNJ15 and T2DM in lean Japanese patients with T2DM, suggesting that KCNJ15 is a previously unreported susceptibility gene for T2DM among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Okamoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Tokyo University, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoko Iwasaki
- Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Chisa Nishimura
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Tokyo University, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kent Doi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Tokyo University, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eisei Noiri
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinko Nakamura
- Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Miho Takizawa
- Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Makiko Ogata
- Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Risa Fujimaki
- Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Niels Grarup
- Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Knut Borch-Johnsen
- Steno Diabetes Center, 2820 Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torsten Lauritzen
- Department of General Practice, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annelli Sandbaek
- Department of General Practice, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Kazuki Yasuda
- Department of Metabolic Disorder, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Osawa
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kishio Nanjo
- First Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masato Kasuga
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kamatani
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Iwamoto
- Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Tokyo University, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Malhotra A, Igo RP, Thameem F, Kao WL, Abboud HE, Adler SG, Arar NH, Bowden DW, Duggirala R, Freedman BI, Goddard KA, Ipp E, Iyengar SK, Kimmel PL, Knowler WC, Kohn O, Leehey D, Meoni LA, Nelson RG, Nicholas SB, Parekh RS, Rich SS, Chen YDI, Saad MF, Scavini M, Schelling JR, Sedor JR, Shah VO, Taylor KD, Thornley-Brown D, Zager PG, Horvath A, Hanson RL. Genome-wide linkage scans for type 2 diabetes mellitus in four ethnically diverse populations-significant evidence for linkage on chromosome 4q in African Americans: the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes Research Group. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:740-7. [PMID: 19795399 PMCID: PMC2783577 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that in addition to environmental influences, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a strong genetic component. The goal of the current study is to identify regions of linkage for T2DM in ethnically diverse populations. METHODS Phenotypic and genotypic data were obtained from African American (AA; total number of individuals [N] = 1004), American Indian (AI; N = 883), European American (EA; N = 537), and Mexican American (MA; N = 1634) individuals from the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes. Non-parametric linkage analysis, using an average of 4404 SNPs, was performed in relative pairs affected with T2DM in each ethnic group. In addition, family-based tests were performed to detect association with T2DM. RESULTS Statistically significant evidence for linkage was observed on chromosome 4q21.1 (LOD = 3.13; genome-wide p = 0.04) in AA. In addition, a total of 11 regions showed suggestive evidence for linkage (estimated at LOD > 1.71), with the highest LOD scores on chromosomes 12q21.31 (LOD = 2.02) and 22q12.3 (LOD = 2.38) in AA, 2p11.1 (LOD = 2.23) in AI, 6p12.3 (LOD = 2.77) in EA, and 13q21.1 (LOD = . 2.24) in MA. While no region overlapped across all ethnic groups, at least five loci showing LOD > 1.71 have been identified in previously published studies. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study provide evidence for the presence of genes affecting T2DM on chromosomes 4q, 12q, and 22q in AA; 6p in EA; 2p in AI; and 13q in MA. The strong evidence for linkage on chromosome 4q in AA provides important information given the paucity of diabetes genetic studies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Malhotra
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Farook Thameem
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Hanna E. Abboud
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sharon G. Adler
- Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Nedal H. Arar
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | - Eli Ipp
- Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | | | - Paul L. Kimmel
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Program Office, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William C. Knowler
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Orly Kohn
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Robert G. Nelson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | | | | | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Marina Scavini
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan (Italy)
| | | | | | | | - Kent D. Taylor
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Robert L. Hanson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
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Influence of childhood parental history of type 2 diabetes on the pre-diabetic and diabetic status in adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Eur J Epidemiol 2009; 24:537-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-009-9372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lillioja S, Wilton A. Agreement among type 2 diabetes linkage studies but a poor correlation with results from genome-wide association studies. Diabetologia 2009; 52:1061-74. [PMID: 19296077 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Little of the genetic basis for type 2 diabetes has been explained, despite numerous genetic linkage studies and the discovery of multiple genes in genome-wide association (GWA) studies. To begin to resolve the genetic component of this disease, we searched for sites at which genetic results had been corroborated in different studies, in the expectation that replication among studies should direct us to the genomic locations of causative genes with more confidence than the results of individual studies. METHODS We have mapped the physical location of results from 83 linkage reports (for type 2 diabetes and diabetes precursor quantitative traits [QTs, e.g. plasma insulin levels]) and recent large GWA reports (for type 2 diabetes) onto the same human genome sequence to identify replicated results in diabetes genetic 'hot spots'. RESULTS Genetic linkage has been found at least ten times at 18 different locations, and at least five times in 56 locations. All replication clusters contained study populations from more than one ethnic background and most contained results for both diabetes and QTs. There is no close relationship between the GWA results and linkage clusters, and the nine best replication clusters have no nearby GWA result. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Many of the genes for type 2 diabetes remain unidentified. This analysis identifies the broad location of yet to be identified genes on 6q, 1q, 18p, 2q, 20q, 17pq, 8p, 19q and 9q. The discrepancy between the linkage and GWA studies may be explained by the presence of multiple, uncommon, mildly deleterious polymorphisms scattered throughout the regulatory and coding regions of genes for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lillioja
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Pankow JS, Peacock JM, Borecki IB, Hixson JE, Tsai MY, Kabagambe EK, Arnett DK. Suggestion for linkage of chromosome 1p35.2 and 3q28 to plasma adiponectin concentrations in the GOLDN Study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2009; 10:39. [PMID: 19426517 PMCID: PMC2691741 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-10-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is inversely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis, but little is known about the genetic pathways that regulate the plasma level of this protein. To find novel genes that influence circulating levels of adiponectin, a genome-wide linkage scan was performed on plasma adiponectin concentrations before and after 3 weeks of treatment with fenofibrate (160 mg daily) in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) Study. We studied Caucasian individuals (n = 1121) from 190 families in Utah and Minnesota. Of these, 859 individuals from 175 families had both baseline and post-fenofibrate treatment measurements for adiponectin. Plasma adiponectin concentrations were measured with an ELISA assay. All participants were typed for microsatellite markers included in the Marshfield Mammalian Genotyping Service marker set 12, which includes 407 markers spaced at approximately 10 cM regions across the genome. Variance components analysis was used to estimate heritability and to perform genome-wide scans. Adiponectin was adjusted for age, sex, and field center. Additional models also included BMI adjustment. RESULTS Baseline and post-fenofibrate adiponectin measurements were highly correlated (r = 0.95). Suggestive (LOD > 2) peaks were found on chromosomes 1p35.2 and 3q28 (near the location of the adiponectin gene). CONCLUSION Two candidate genes, IL22RA1 and IL28RA, lie under the chromosome 1 peak; further analyses are needed to identify the specific genetic variants in this region that influence circulating adiponectin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Elbein SC, Das SK, Hallman DM, Hanis CL, Hasstedt SJ. Genome-wide linkage and admixture mapping of type 2 diabetes in African American families from the American Diabetes Association GENNID (Genetics of NIDDM) Study Cohort. Diabetes 2009; 58:268-74. [PMID: 18840782 PMCID: PMC2606884 DOI: 10.2337/db08-0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) map in a large cohort of 580 African American families to identify regions linked to type 2 diabetes, age of type 2 diabetes diagnosis, and BMI. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After removing outliers and problematic samples, we conducted linkage analysis using 5,914 SNPs in 1,344 individuals from 530 families. Linkage analysis was conducted using variance components for type 2 diabetes, age of type 2 diabetes diagnosis, and BMI and nonparametric linkage analyses. Ordered subset analyses were conducted ranking on age of type 2 diabetes diagnosis, BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and amount of European admixture. Admixture mapping was conducted using 4,486 markers not in linkage disequilibrium. RESULTS The strongest signal for type 2 diabetes (logarithm of odds [LOD] 4.53) was a broad peak on chromosome 2, with weaker linkage to age of type 2 diabetes diagnosis (LOD 1.82). Type 2 diabetes and age of type 2 diabetes diagnosis were linked to chromosome 13p (3-22 cM; LOD 2.42 and 2.46, respectively). Age of type 2 diabetes diagnosis was linked to 18p (66 cM; LOD 2.96). We replicated previous reports on chromosome 7p (79 cM; LOD 2.93). Ordered subset analysis did not overlap with linkage of unselected families. The best admixture score was on chromosome 12 (90 cM; P = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS The linkage regions on chromosomes 7 (27-78 cM) and 18p overlap prior reports, whereas regions on 2p and 13p linkage are novel. Among potential candidate genes implicated are TCF7L1, VAMP5, VAMP8, CDK8, INSIG2, IPF1, PAX8, IL18R1, members of the IL1 and IL1 receptor families, and MAP4K4. These studies provide a complementary approach to genome-wide association scans to identify causative genes for African American diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Elbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
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Sale MM, Lu L, Spruill IJ, Fernandes JK, Lok KH, Divers J, Langefeld CD, Garvey WT. Genome-wide linkage scan in Gullah-speaking African American families with type 2 diabetes: the Sea Islands Genetic African American Registry (Project SuGAR). Diabetes 2009; 58:260-7. [PMID: 18835935 PMCID: PMC2606883 DOI: 10.2337/db08-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Gullah-speaking African American population from the Sea Islands of South Carolina is characterized by a low degree of European admixture and high rates of type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications. Affected relative pairs with type 2 diabetes were recruited through the Sea Islands Genetic African American Registry (Project SuGAR). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a genome-wide linkage scan, genotyping 5,974 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 471 affected subjects and 50 unaffected relatives from 197 pedigrees. Data were analyzed using a multipoint engine for rapid likelihood inference and ordered subsets analyses (OSAs) for age at type 2 diabetes diagnosis, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and BMI. We searched for heterogeneity and interactions using a conditional logistic regression likelihood approach. RESULTS Linkage peaks on chromosome 14 at 123-124 cM were detected for type 2 diabetes (logarithm of odds [LOD] 2.10) and for the subset with later age at type 2 diabetes diagnosis (maximum LOD 4.05). Two linkage peaks on chromosome 7 were detected at 44-45 cM for type 2 diabetes (LOD 1.18) and at 78 cM for type 2 diabetes (LOD 1.64) and the subset with earlier age at type 2 diabetes diagnosis (maximum LOD 3.93). The chromosome 14 locus and a peak on 7p at 29.5 cM were identified as important in the multilocus model. Other regions that provided modest evidence for linkage included chromosome 1 at 167.5 cM (LOD 1.51) and chromosome 3 at 121.0 cM (LOD 1.61). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a novel type 2 diabetes locus in an African American population on 14q that appears to reduce age of disease onset and confirmed two loci on chromosome 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle M Sale
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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Arenillas JF, Sandoval P, Pérez de la Ossa N, Millán M, Guerrero C, Escudero D, Dorado L, López-Cancio E, Castillo J, Dávalos A. The metabolic syndrome is associated with a higher resistance to intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in women than in men. Stroke 2008; 40:344-9. [PMID: 19109538 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.108.531079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The metabolic syndrome (MetS) might confer a higher resistance to intravenous thrombolysis in acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke. MetS increases the risk of stroke in women to a greater extent than in men. We aimed to investigate whether there might be sex differences in the impact of MetS on the response to intravenous thrombolysis for acute MCA ischemic stroke. METHODS We prospectively studied consecutive ischemic stroke patients, treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator according to SITS-MOST criteria, with an MCA occlusion on prebolus transcranial Doppler examination. Resistance to thrombolysis was defined as the absence of complete MCA recanalization 24 hours after tissue-type plasminogen activator infusion by transcranial Doppler criteria. MetS was diagnosed according to the criteria established by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 2005 statement. RESULTS A total of 125 patients (75 men, 50 women; mean age, 67.6+/-11 years) were included. MetS was diagnosed in 76 (61%) patients. Resistance to clot lysis at 24 hours was observed in 53 (42%) patients. Two multivariate-adjusted, logistic-regression models identified that MetS was associated with a higher resistance to tissue-type plasminogen activator, independently of other significant baseline variables (odds ratio=9.8; 95% CI, 3.5 to 27.8; P=0.0001) and of the individual components of the MetS. The MetS was associated with a significantly higher odds of resistance to thrombolysis in women (odds ratio=17.5; 95% CI, 1.9 to 163.1) than in men (odds ratio=5.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 15.6; P for interaction=0.0004). CONCLUSIONS The effect of MetS on the resistance to intravenous thrombolysis for acute MCA ischemic stroke appears to be more pronounced in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Arenillas
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
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Gragnoli C. CHOP T/C and C/T haplotypes contribute to early-onset type 2 diabetes in Italians. J Cell Physiol 2008; 217:291-5. [PMID: 18680108 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by impaired insulin secretion, insulin insensitivity and decreased beta-cell mass. Multiple genes contribute to T2D. The chromosome 12q13.1 region is in linkage to T2D in different populations, including our Italian dataset. CHOP is a candidate gene for the linkage, as it is located in the chromosome 12q13.1 region, and may contribute to T2D by increasing beta-cell apoptosis susceptibility and by impairing insulin sensitivity. Our goal was to identify any potential CHOP gene variants contributing to T2D in our Italian early-onset T2D families, which show linkage to the CHOP region. We directly sequenced the CHOP gene in 28 Italian probands of the linked T2D families and in 115 control subjects. We performed genotype and haplotype association tests with T2D of the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We performed model-free and parametric association haplotype tests with T2D. We identified three SNPs [5'UTR-c.279T > C, 5'UTR-c.120A > G and + nt30C > T (F10F)] in CHOP. These SNPs are in complete linkage disequilibrium. The genotype association test showed an association trend with T2D of TT (F10F) and AG (-c.120A > G). The haplotype association test provided significant results for the haplotypes T/C (frequency = 0.33) and C/T (frequency = 0.01) (at 5'UTR-c.279T > C and + nt30C > T, respectively) under non-parametric analysis (P-value = 0.0000), recessive model (P-value = 0.0000) and additive model (P-value = 0.0014). Our data show that CHOP described haplotypes T/C and C/T, as an additive and as a homozygous variant, contribute significantly to T2D in our Italian early-onset group. We conclude that the CHOP T/C and C/T haplotype contributes to our T2D linkage signal on chromosome 12q13.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gragnoli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, Italy.
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Barroso I. Complex disease: pleiotropic gene effects in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Eur J Hum Genet 2008; 13:1243-4. [PMID: 16251891 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Edwards KL, Hutter CM, Wan JY, Kim H, Monks SA. Genome-wide linkage scan for the metabolic syndrome: the GENNID study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:1596-601. [PMID: 18421265 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitutes a major public health problem with over 47 million persons meeting clinical criteria for MetS. Numerous studies have suggested genetic susceptibility to MetS. The goals of this study were (i) to identify susceptibility loci for MetS in well-characterized families with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in four ethnic groups and (ii) to determine whether evidence for linkage varies across the four groups. The GENNID study (Genetics of NIDDM) is a multicenter study established by the American Diabetes Association in 1993 and comprises a comprehensive, well-characterized resource of T2D families from four ethnic groups (whites, Mexican Americans, African Americans, and Japanese Americans). Principal component factor analysis (PCFA) was used to define quantitative phenotypes of the MetS. Variance components linkage analysis was conducted using microsatellite markers from a 10-cM genome-wide linkage scan, separately in each of the four ethnic groups. Three quantitative MetS factors were identified by PCFA and used as phenotypes for MetS: (i) a weight/waist factor, (ii) a blood pressure factor, and (iii) a lipid factor. Evidence for linkage to each of these factors was observed. For each ethnic group, our results suggest that several regions harbor susceptibility genes for the MetS. The strongest evidence for linkage for MetS phenotypes was observed on chromosome 2 (2q12.1-2q13) in the white sample and on chromosome 3 (3q26.1-3q29) in the Mexican-American sample. In conclusion, the results suggest that several regions harbor MetS susceptibility genes and that heterogeneity may exist across groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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González-Sánchez JL, Zabena C, Martínez-Larrad MT, Martínez-Calatrava MJ, Pérez-Barba M, Serrano-Ríos M. Association of ENPP1 (PC-1) K121Q polymorphism with obesity-related parameters in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008; 68:724-9. [PMID: 17986276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome (MS), a cluster of several metabolic disorders, is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), originally described as a plasma cell allo-antigen and named plasma cell membrane glycoprotein (PC-1), is an inhibitor of insulin-induced activation of the insulin receptor. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) K121Q in the ENPP1 gene has been studied in relation to obesity, insulin resistance and other features of MS in several populations with conflicting results. We therefore investigate the role of the K121Q SNP in the ENPP1 gene in MS in Caucasians from the province of Segovia in Central Spain (Castille). DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited 794 unrelated persons (46.5% males and 53.5% females), ages 35-74 years from a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological survey in the province of Segovia in Central Spain (Castille). Obesity-related anthropometric measurements included BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure and lipid profile. MS was defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guidelines. K121Q PC-1 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS The 121Q allele was associated with an increased BMI and waist circumference among subjects fulfilling the criteria for MS. These differences remained statistically significant even after the adjustment for sex, age and degree of glucose tolerance (beta = 1.347, P = 0.017 and beta = 2.824, P = 0.046; for BMI and waist circumference, respectively). Moreover, among type 2 diabetic patients those carrying the 121Q allele had higher BMI and higher leptin levels than subjects carrying the K121K genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the ENPP1121Q allele might contribute to the genetic susceptibility to abdominal obesity among subjects with MS.
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Ray A, Weeks DE. Relationship uncertainty linkage statistics (RULS): affected relative pair statistics that model relationship uncertainty. Genet Epidemiol 2008; 32:313-24. [DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yamaguchi Y, Moritani M, Tanahashi T, Osabe D, Nomura K, Fujita Y, Keshavarz P, Kunika K, Nakamura N, Yoshikawa T, Ichiishi E, Shiota H, Yasui N, Inoue H, Itakura M. Lack of association of genetic variation in chromosome region 15q14-22.1 with type 2 diabetes in a Japanese population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2008; 9:22. [PMID: 18366806 PMCID: PMC2324080 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-9-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Chromosome 15q14-22.1 has been linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its related traits in Japanese and other populations. The presence of T2D disease susceptibility variant(s) was assessed in the 21.8 Mb region between D15S118 and D15S117 in a Japanese population using a region-wide case-control association test. Methods A two-stage association test was performed using Japanese subjects: The discovery panel (Stage 1) used 372 cases and 360 controls, while an independent replication panel (Stage 2) used 532 cases and 530 controls. A total of 1,317 evenly-spaced, common SNP markers with minor allele frequencies > 0.10 were typed for each stage. Captured genetic variation was examined in HapMap JPT SNPs, and a haplotype-based association test was performed. Results SNP2140 (rs2412747) (C/T) in intron 33 of the ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 1 (UBR1) gene was selected as a landmark SNP based on repeated significant associations in Stage 1 and Stage 2. However, the marginal p value (p = 0.0043 in the allelic test, OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.07–1.48 for combined samples) was weak in a single locus or haplotype-based association test. We failed to find any significant SNPs after correcting for multiple testing. Conclusion The two-stage association test did not reveal a strong association between T2D and any common variants on chromosome 15q14-22.1 in 1,794 Japanese subjects. A further association test with a larger sample size and denser SNP markers is required to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yamaguchi
- Division of Genetic Information, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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Regitz-Zagrosek V, Lehmkuhl E, Mahmoodzadeh S. Gender aspects of the role of the metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 4 Suppl B:S162-77. [PMID: 18156101 DOI: 10.1016/s1550-8579(07)80056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of the risk factors of abdominal obesity, disturbed glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia, and hypertension is believed to represent a distinct entity, termed the metabolic syndrome (MetS), that leads to a greater increase in cardiovascular risk than does the sum of its components. OBJECTIVE We reviewed currently available information regarding gender differences in the role of the MetS as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS Using the search terms women, men, sex, gender, sex differences, and gender differences in combination with the metabolic syndrome, we conducted a systematic review of the available literature on sex differences in the MetS. The National Institutes of Health, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were searched retrospectively from 2007 to 1987. Reference lists of identified articles were also used as a source, and articles were not restricted to the English language. RESULTS In recent years, the MetS has been more prevalent in men than in women but has risen particularly in young women, where it is mainly driven by obesity. Diagnostic criteria for the MetS vary for the cutoff points and definition of its components in a gender-specific manner. Based on the definition of impaired glucose homeostasis and pathologic abdominal circumference or waist/hip ratio, more or fewer women are included. Glucose and lipid metabolism are directly modulated by estrogen and testosterone, with a lack of estrogen or a relative increase in testosterone inducing insulin resistance and a proatherogenic lipid profile. Hypertension is a strong risk factor in both sexes, but the prevalence of hypertension increases more rapidly in aging women than in men. Menopause and polycystic ovary syndrome contribute to the development of MetS by the direct effects of sex hormones. Some components of the MetS (eg, diabetes and hypertension) carry a greater risk for CVD in women. CONCLUSIONS Future gender-related clinical and research activities should focus on the identification of sex- and gender-specific criteria for risk management in patients with the MetS. We propose small, focused, mechanistic studies on sex-specific surrogate end points and sex-specific studies in animal models for diabetes and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Center for Gender in Medicine and Cardiovascular Disease in Women, Charités Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Search for type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes on chromosomes 1q, 3q and 12q. J Hum Genet 2008; 53:314-324. [PMID: 18259684 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-008-0254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To systematically evaluate genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in "candidate" regions on chromosomes 1q, 3q and 12q, we examined disease association by using a total of 2,083 SNPs in two-step screening; a screening panel comprised 473 cases and 285 controls and an extended (or combined) panel involved 658 cases and 474 controls. For the total interval screened (40.9 Mb), suggestive evidence of association was provided for several annotated gene loci. For example, in the MCF2L2 gene on 3q, a significant association (a nominal P value of 0.00009) was observed when logistic regression analysis was performed for three associated SNPs (rs684846, rs35069869 and rs35368790) that belonged to different LD groups. Also, in the SLC15A4 gene on 12q, rs3765108 showed a marginally significant association with an overall estimated odds ratio of 0.79 (P=0.001). No significant association was found for known candidate gene loci on 3q, such as ADIPOQ and IGF2BP2. Using the available samples, we have observed disease associations of SNPs derived from two novel gene loci in the Japanese population through high-density searches of diabetes susceptibility in three chromosomal regions. Independent replication will clarify the etiological relevance of these genomic loci to T2D.
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Haplotypic analysis of Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium data. Hum Genet 2008; 123:273-80. [PMID: 18224336 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We applied a recently developed multilocus association testing method (localized haplotype clustering) to Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium data (14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls genotyped on the Affymetrix 500 K array). After rigorous data quality filtering, we identified three disease-associated loci with strong statistical support from localized haplotype cluster tests but with only marginal significance in single marker tests. These loci are chromosomes 10p15.1 with type 1 diabetes (p = 5.1 x 10(-9)), 12q15 with type 2 diabetes (p = 1.9 x 10(-7)) and 15q26.2 with hypertension (p = 2.8 x 10(-8)). We also detected the association of chromosome 9p21.3 with type 2 diabetes (p = 2.8 x 10(-8)), although this locus did not pass our stringent genotype quality filters. The association of 10p15.1 with type 1 diabetes and 9p21.3 with type 2 diabetes have both been replicated in other studies using independent data sets. Overall, localized haplotype cluster analysis had better success detecting disease associated variants than a previous single-marker analysis of imputed HapMap SNPs. We found that stringent application of quality score thresholds to genotype data substantially reduced false-positive results arising from genotype error. In addition, we demonstrate that it is possible to simultaneously phase 16,000 individuals genotyped on genome-wide data (450 K markers) using the Beagle software package.
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Gragnoli C, Pierpaoli L, Piumelli N, Chiaramonte F. Linkage studies for T2D in Chop and C/EBPbeta chromosomal regions in Italians. J Cell Physiol 2008; 213:552-5. [PMID: 17620318 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The genes causing type 2 diabetes (T2D), a complex heterogeneous disorder, differ and/or overlap in various populations. Among others there are two loci in linkage to T2D, the chromosomes 20q12-13.1 and 12q15. These two regions harbor two genes, C/EBPbeta and CHOP, which are excellent candidate genes for T2D. In fact, C/EBPbeta protein cooperates with HNF4alpha (MODY1, monogenic form of diabetes) and 1alpha (MODY3, monogenic form of diabetes). C/EBPbeta mediates suppression of insulin gene transcription in hyperglycemia and may contribute to insulin-resistance. It interacts in a complex pathway with the CHOP protein. CHOP may play a role in altered beta-cell glucose metabolism, in beta-cell apoptosis, and in lack of beta-cell replication. Thus, both C/EBPbeta and CHOP genes may independently and interactively contribute to T2D. The chromosomal regions targeting C/EBPbeta and CHOP genes have never been previously explored in T2D. We planned to identify their potential contribution to T2D in Italians. We have genotyped a group of affected siblings/families with both late- and early-onset T2D around the C/EBPbeta and the CHOP genes. We have performed non-parametric linkage analysis in the total T2D group, in the late-onset and the early-onset group, separately. We have identified a suggestive linkage to T2D in the CHOP gene locus in the early-onset T2D group (P = 0.04). We identified the linkage to T2D in the chromosome 12q15 region in the early-onset T2D families and specifically target the CHOP gene. Our next step will be the identification of CHOP gene variants, which may contribute to the linkage to T2D in Italians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gragnoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Monogenic and Complex Disorders, Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.
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Voruganti VS, Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Nath SD, Rainwater DL, Bauer R, Cole SA, Maccluer JW, Blangero J, Comuzzie AG. Genetics of variation in HOMA-IR and cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican-Americans. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 86:303-11. [PMID: 18204828 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-007-0273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major biochemical defect underlying the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mexican-Americans are known to have an unfavorable cardiovascular profile. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic effect on variation in HOMA-IR and to evaluate its genetic correlations with other phenotypes related to risk of CVD in Mexican-Americans. The homeostatic model assessment method (HOMA-IR) is one of several approaches that are used to measure insulin resistance and was used here to generate a quantitative phenotype for genetic analysis. For 644 adults who had participated in the San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS), estimates of genetic contribution were computed using a variance components method implemented in SOLAR. Traits that exhibited significant heritabilities were body mass index (BMI) (h (2) = 0.43), waist circumference (h (2) = 0.48), systolic blood pressure (h (2) = 0.30), diastolic blood pressure (h (2) = 0.21), pulse pressure (h (2) = 0.32), triglycerides (h (2) = 0.51), LDL cholesterol (h (2) = 0.31), HDL cholesterol (h (2) = 0.24), C-reactive protein (h (2) = 0.17), and HOMA-IR (h (2) = 0.33). A genome-wide scan for HOMA-IR revealed significant evidence of linkage on chromosome 12q24 (close to PAH (phenylalanine hydroxylase), LOD = 3.01, p < 0.001). Bivariate analyses demonstrated significant genetic correlations (p < 0.05) of HOMA-IR with BMI (rho (G) = 0.36), waist circumference (rho (G) = 0.47), pulse pressure (rho (G) = 0.39), and HDL cholesterol (rho (G) = -0.18). Identification of significant linkage for HOMA-IR on chromosome 12q replicates previous family-based studies reporting linkage of phenotypes associated with type 2 diabetes in the same chromosomal region. Significant genetic correlations between HOMA-IR and phenotypes related to CVD risk factors suggest that a common set of gene(s) influence the regulation of these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Saroja Voruganti
- Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA.
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Variations in the calpain-10 gene are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in northern Han Chinese population. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200712020-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Signorello LB, Schlundt DG, Cohen SS, Steinwandel MD, Buchowski MS, McLaughlin JK, Hargreaves MK, Blot WJ. Comparing diabetes prevalence between African Americans and Whites of similar socioeconomic status. Am J Public Health 2007; 97:2260-7. [PMID: 17971557 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2006.094482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether racial disparities in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes exist beyond what may be attributable to differences in socioeconomic status (SES) and other modifiable risk factors. METHODS We analyzed data from 34331 African American and 9491 White adults aged 40 to 79 years recruited into the ongoing Southern Community Cohort Study. Participants were enrolled at community health centers and had similar socioeconomic circumstances and risk factor profiles. We used logistic regression to estimate the association between race and prevalence of self-reported diabetes after taking into account age, SES, health insurance coverage, body mass index, physical activity, and hypertension. RESULTS Multivariate analyses accounting for several diabetes risk factors did not provide strong support for higher diabetes prevalence rates among African Americans than among Whites (men: odds ratio [OR]=1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.95, 1.20); women: OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.04, 1.22). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that major differences in diabetes prevalence between African Americans and Whites may simply reflect differences in established risk factors for the disease, such as SES, that typically vary according to race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B Signorello
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. lisa.
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Meyre D, Bouatia-Naji N, Vatin V, Veslot J, Samson C, Tichet J, Marre M, Balkau B, Froguel P. ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism and obesity, hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes in the prospective DESIR Study. Diabetologia 2007; 50:2090-6. [PMID: 17704904 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We assessed the predictive value of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 gene (ENPP1) SNPs with regard to the risk of developing obesity and/or type 2 diabetes in a large French general population. METHODS We genotyped the ENPP1 SNPs K121Q (rs1044498), IVS20delT-11 (rs1799774) and A/G+1044TGA (rs7754561) in 5,153 middle-aged participants of the Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) cohort. RESULTS At baseline, the K121Q polymorphism was not associated either with BMI (p = 0.98) or with class I obesity (odds ratio [OR] 0.99, p = 0.81), but showed a borderline association with class II obesity (OR 1.65, p = 0.02). The K121Q variant was not associated with any trait during the 9-year follow-up. Pooled analyses both at baseline and at follow-up failed to show any association with hyperglycaemia (OR 1.08, p = 0.28) or type 2 diabetes (OR 1.15, p = 0.38). However, we did show an association of the Q121 allele with the risk of hyperglycaemia (OR 1.45, p = 0.001; n = 265) and type 2 diabetes (OR 1.65, p = 0.01; n = 103) in participants reporting a family history of type 2 diabetes. These results did not remain significant after a Bonferroni correction. The IVS20delT-11 and A/G+1044TGA polymorphisms and the three-allele risk haplotype (K121Q, IVS20delT-11 and A-->G+1044TGA [QdelTG]) were not associated with any trait, either at baseline or at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In a general French population we did not find an association of the QdelTG risk haplotype with adult obesity and type 2 diabetes. We detected nominal evidence of association between the K121Q polymorphism and both severe adult obesity at baseline and the risk of hyperglycaemia or type 2 diabetes in participants with a family history of type 2 diabetes in pooled analyses both at baseline and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Meyre
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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