1
|
Benning JW, Clark EI, Hufbauer RA, Weiss-Lehman C. Environmental gradients mediate dispersal evolution during biological invasions. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14472. [PMID: 39011649 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Rapid evolution of increased dispersal at the edge of a range expansion can accelerate invasions. However, populations expanding across environmental gradients often face challenging environments that reduce fitness of dispersing individuals. We used an eco-evolutionary model to explore how environmental gradients influence dispersal evolution and, in turn, modulate the speed and predictability of invasion. Environmental gradients opposed evolution of increased dispersal during invasion, even leading to evolution of reduced dispersal along steeper gradients. Counterintuitively, reduced dispersal could allow for faster expansion by minimizing maladaptive gene flow and facilitating adaptation. While dispersal evolution across homogenous landscapes increased both the mean and variance of expansion speed, these increases were greatly dampened by environmental gradients. We illustrate our model's potential application to prediction and management of invasions by parameterizing it with data from a recent invertebrate range expansion. Overall, we find that environmental gradients strongly modulate the effect of dispersal evolution on invasion trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Benning
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Eliza I Clark
- Department of Agricultural Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ruth A Hufbauer
- Department of Agricultural Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Watson MA, Vuorisalo T. Interactions between developmental phenology, carbon movement, and storage constrain demography in the understory clonal herb Podophyllum peltatum L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1325052. [PMID: 38988638 PMCID: PMC11233756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1325052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about how carbon integration and storage dynamics affect and are affected by demography in field populations. We sought to elucidate this link by examining dynamic patterns of carbon integration relative to the timing of demographically significant developmental decisions regarding shoot type determination in mayapple, Podophyllum peltatum, a clonal plant with large and persistent rhizomes. Individual rhizome systems growing in natural populations were fed 14CO2 either in late-April, early-May, or mid-June, then harvested at intervals throughout the current season and into the next. When distribution of label was examined we found that carbon fixed at different times in the growing season is used differently: April-fixed assimilate remained in the labeled shoot or was moved into the old rhizome, May-fixed assimilate was found predominantly in the old rhizome, while early-June fixed assimilate moved into the old rhizome and the extending new ramet. Movement of assimilate into the old rhizome appeared to have precedence over formation of additional new ramets. Despite significant within season changes in location of dominant sinks within rhizome systems, there was little redistribution of labeled assimilate: early fixed assimilate was not used to fuel later within season growth, however, assimilate was redistributed between seasons. Vegetative and sexual systems differed in the distribution only of April-fixed assimilate. This was observed even though early labeling occurred prior to anthesis. Sexual systems retained a greater proportion of assimilate in the stem than did vegetative ones, which exported more to the old rhizome. 14C-distribution patterns did not vary between systems differing in future demographic status suggesting that the developmental decision regarding shoot type is based on resources acquired in prior years. We explore the hypothesis that preformation and storage are functionally linked traits that permit plants to coordinate the developmental determination of structures differing in cost and demographic function with known resource status. We conclude that demography influences and is influenced by integrative physiology and that physiological restrictions on within season redistribution of assimilates constrain plants' capacities to respond to short-term environmental variation. Such constraints may affect plants' abilities to respond to rapid environmental change in the Anthropocene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxine A. Watson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Timo Vuorisalo
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wan JSH, Bonser SP, Pang CK, Fazlioglu F, Rutherford S. Adaptive responses to living in stressful habitats: Do invasive and native plant populations use different strategies? Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14419. [PMID: 38613177 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Plants inhabit stressful environments characterized by a variety of stressors, including mine sites, mountains, deserts, and high latitudes. Populations from stressful and reference (non-stressful) sites often have performance differences. However, while invasive and native species may respond differently to stressful environments, there is limited understanding of the patterns in reaction norms of populations from these sites. Here, we use phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis to assess the performance of populations under stress and non-stress conditions. We ask whether stress populations of natives and invasives differ in the magnitude of lowered performance under non-stress conditions and if they vary in the degree of performance advantage under stress. We also assessed whether these distinctions differ with stress intensity. Our findings revealed that natives not only have greater adaptive advantages but also more performance reductions than invasives. Populations from very stressful sites had more efficient adaptations, and performance costs increased with stress intensity in natives only. Overall, the results support the notion that adaptation is frequently costless. Reproductive output was most closely associated with adaptive costs and benefits. Our study characterized the adaptive strategies used by invasive and native plants under stressful conditions, thereby providing important insights into the limitations of adaptation to extreme sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin S H Wan
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanic Science, Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen P Bonser
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clara K Pang
- PlantClinic, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Susan Rutherford
- Center for Sustainable Environmental and Ecosystem Research, Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, The Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, Union, New Jersey, USA
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nathan M, Gruner DS. Sustained mangrove reproduction despite major turnover in pollinator community composition at expanding range edge. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:107-120. [PMID: 37389585 PMCID: PMC10550273 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS How well plants reproduce near their geographic range edge can determine whether distributions will shift in response to changing climate. Reproduction at the range edge can be limiting if pollinator scarcity leads to pollen limitation, or if abiotic stressors affect allocation to reproduction. For many animal-pollinated plants with expanding ranges, the mechanisms by which they have overcome these barriers are poorly understood. METHODS In this study, we examined plant-pollinator interactions hypothesized to impact reproduction of the black mangrove, Avicennia germinans, which is expanding northward in coastal Florida, USA. We monitored insects visiting A. germinans populations varying in proximity to the geographic range edge, measured the pollen loads of the most common insect taxa and pollen receipt by A. germinans stigmas, and quantified flower and propagule production. KEY RESULTS We found that despite an 84 % decline in median floral visits by insects at northernmost versus southernmost sites, range-edge pollen receipt remained high. Notably, local floral visitor assemblages exhibited substantial turnover along the study's latitudinal gradient, with large-bodied bees and hover flies increasingly common at northern sites. We also observed elevated flower production in northern populations and higher per capita reproductive output at the range edge. Furthermore, mean propagule mass in northern populations was 18 % larger than that from the southernmost populations. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal no erosion of fecundity in A. germinans populations at range limits, allowing rapid expansion of mangrove cover in the region. These results also illustrate that substantial turnover in the assemblage of flower-visiting insects can occur at an expanding range edge without altering pollen receipt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayda Nathan
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Daniel S Gruner
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu YY, Yang QF, Li Z, Zhou ZX, Shi XP, Wang YJ. Parallel genetic and phenotypic differentiation of Erigeron annuus invasion in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:994367. [PMID: 36684796 PMCID: PMC9845934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The factors that determine the growth and spread advantages of an alien plant during the invasion process remain open to debate. The genetic diversity and differentiation of an invasive plant population might be closely related to its growth adaptation and spread in the introduced range. However, little is known about whether phenotypic and genetic variation in invasive plant populations covary during the invasion process along invaded geographic distances. METHODS In a wild experiment, we examined the genetic variation in populations of the aggressively invasive species Erigeron annuus at different geographical distances from the first recorded point of introduction (FRPI) in China. We also measured growth traits in the wild and common garden experiments, and the coefficient of variation (CV) of populations in the common garden experiments. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We found that E. annuus populations had better growth performance (i.e., height and biomass) and genetic diversity, and less trait variation, in the long-term introduced region (east) than in the short-term introduced region (west). Furthermore, population growth performance was significantly positively or negatively correlated with genetic diversity or genetic variation. Our results indicate that there was parallel genetic and phenotypic differentiation along the invaded geographic distance in response to adaptation and spread, and populations that entered introduced regions earlier had consistently high genetic diversity and high growth dominance. Growth and reproduction traits can be used as reliable predictors of the adaptation and genetic variation of invasive plants.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gorton AJ, Benning JW, Tiffin P, Moeller DA. The spatial scale of adaptation in a native annual plant and its implications for responses to climate change. Evolution 2022; 76:2916-2929. [PMID: 35880454 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Spatial patterns of adaptation provide important insights into agents of selection and expected responses of populations to climate change. Robust inference into the spatial scale of adaptation can be gained through reciprocal transplant experiments that combine multiple source populations and common gardens. Here, we examine the spatial scale of local adaptation of the North American annual plant common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, using data from four common gardens with 22 source populations sampled from across a ∼1200 km latitudinal gradient within the native range. We found evidence of local adaptation at the northernmost common garden, but maladaptation at the two southern gardens, where more southern source populations outperformed local populations. Overall, the spatial scale of adaptation was large-at the three gardens where distance between source populations and gardens explained variation in fitness, it took an average of 820 km for fitness to decline to 50% of its predicted maximum. Taken together, these results suggest that climate change has already caused maladaptation, especially across the southern portion of the range, and may result in northward range contraction over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Gorton
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108
| | - John W Benning
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071
| | - Peter Tiffin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108
| | - David A Moeller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Woods EC, Sultan SE. Post-introduction evolution of a rapid life-history strategy in a newly invasive plant. Ecology 2022; 103:e3803. [PMID: 35796712 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A central question in invasion biology is whether adaptive trait evolution following species introduction promotes invasiveness. A growing number of common-garden experiments document phenotypic differences between native- and introduced-range plants, suggesting that adaptive evolution in the new range may indeed contribute to the success of invasive plants. Yet these studies are often subject to methodological pitfalls, resulting in weak evidence for post-introduction adaptive trait evolution and leaving uncertain its role in the invasion process. In a common-garden glasshouse study, we compared the growth, life-history, and reproductive traits of 35 native- and introduced-range Polygonum cespitosum populations. We used complementary approaches including climate-matching, standardizing parental conditions, selection analysis, and testing for trait-environment relationships to determine whether traits that increase invasiveness adaptively evolved in the species' new range. We found that the majority of introduced-range populations exhibited a novel trait syndrome consisting of a fast-paced life history and concomitant sparse, reduced growth form. Selection analysis confirmed that this trait syndrome led to markedly higher fitness (propagule production) over a limited growing season characteristic of regions within the introduced range. Additionally, several growth and reproductive traits showed temperature-based clines consistent with adaptive evolution in the new range. Combined, these results indicate that, subsequent to its introduction to North America over 100 generations ago, P. cespitosum has evolved key traits that maximize propagule production. These changes may in part explain the species' recent transition to invasiveness, illustrating how post-introduction evolution may contribute to the invasion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Woods
- Biology Dept., Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sonia E Sultan
- Biology Dept., Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu W, Chen X, Wang J, Zhang Y. Does the effect of flowering time on biomass allocation across latitudes differ between invasive and native salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora? Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8681. [PMID: 35309742 PMCID: PMC8901870 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parallel latitudinal clines in flowering time have been documented in both the invasive and native ranges of plants. Furthermore, flowering time has been found to affect biomass at maturity. Therefore, understanding how these flowering times affect biomass accumulation across latitudes is essential to understanding plant adaptations and distributions.We investigated and compared trends in first flowering day (FFD), aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), and BGB:AGB ratio of the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora along latitudinal gradients from the invasive (China, 19-40°N) and native range (United States, 27-43°N) in a greenhouse common garden experiment, and tested whether FFD would drive these divergences between invasive and native ranges.The invasive populations produced more (~20%, ~19%) AGB and BGB than native populations, but there were no significant differences in the FFD and BGB:AGB ratio. We found significant parallel latitudinal clines in FFD in both invasive and native ranges. In addition, the BGB:AGB ratio was negatively correlated with the FFD in both the invasive and native ranges but nonsignificant in invasive populations. In contrast, AGB and BGB increased with latitude in the invasive range, but declined with latitude in the native range. Most interestingly, we found AGB and BGB positively correlated with the FFD in the native range, but no significant relationships in the invasive range.Our results indirectly support the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis (EICA) that S. alterniflora has evolved to produce greater AGB and BGB in China, but the flowering and allocation pattern of native populations is maintained in the invasive range. Our results also suggest that invasive S. alterniflora in China is not constrained by the trade-off of earlier flowering with smaller size, and that flowering time has played an important role in biomass allocation across latitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland EcosystemsCollege of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujianChina
| | - Xincong Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland EcosystemsCollege of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujianChina
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland EcosystemsCollege of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujianChina
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland EcosystemsCollege of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujianChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rushing NS, Flint SA, Shaw RG. Latitude of seed source impacts flowering phenology and fitness in translocated plant populations. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S. Rushing
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
| | - Shelby A. Flint
- Department of Biology Southwest Minnesota State University Marshall MN 56258 U.S.A
| | - Ruth G. Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Paquette A, Hargreaves AL. Biotic interactions are more often important at species' warm versus cool range edges. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2427-2438. [PMID: 34453406 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Predicting which ecological factors constrain species distributions is a fundamental ecological question and critical to forecasting geographic responses to global change. Darwin hypothesised that abiotic factors generally impose species' high-latitude and high-elevation (typically cool) range limits, whereas biotic interactions more often impose species' low-latitude/low-elevation (typically warm) limits, but empirical support has been mixed. Here, we clarify three predictions arising from Darwin's hypothesis and show that previously mixed support is partially due to researchers testing different predictions. Using a comprehensive literature review (885 range limits), we find that biotic interactions, including competition, predation and parasitism, contributed to >60% of range limits and influenced species' warm limits more often than cool limits. Abiotic factors contributed more often than biotic interactions to cool range limits, but temperature contributed frequently to both cool and warm limits. Our results suggest that most range limits will be sensitive to climate warming, but warm-limit responses in particular will depend strongly on biotic interactions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Malovichko YV, Shikov AE, Nizhnikov AA, Antonets KS. Temporal Control of Seed Development in Dicots: Molecular Bases, Ecological Impact and Possible Evolutionary Ramifications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179252. [PMID: 34502157 PMCID: PMC8430901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In flowering plants, seeds serve as organs of both propagation and dispersal. The developing seed passes through several consecutive stages, following a conserved general outline. The overall time needed for a seed to develop, however, may vary both within and between plant species, and these temporal developmental properties remain poorly understood. In the present paper, we summarize the existing data for seed development alterations in dicot plants. For genetic mutations, the reported cases were grouped in respect of the key processes distorted in the mutant specimens. Similar phenotypes arising from the environmental influence, either biotic or abiotic, were also considered. Based on these data, we suggest several general trends of timing alterations and how respective mechanisms might add to the ecological plasticity of the families considered. We also propose that the developmental timing alterations may be perceived as an evolutionary substrate for heterochronic events. Given the current lack of plausible models describing timing control in plant seeds, the presented suggestions might provide certain insights for future studies in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yury V. Malovichko
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.V.M.); (A.E.S.); (A.A.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton E. Shikov
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.V.M.); (A.E.S.); (A.A.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton A. Nizhnikov
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.V.M.); (A.E.S.); (A.A.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill S. Antonets
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (Y.V.M.); (A.E.S.); (A.A.N.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ensing DJ, Sora DMDH, Eckert CG. Chronic selection for early reproductive phenology in an annual plant across a steep, elevational gradient of growing season length. Evolution 2021; 75:1681-1698. [PMID: 34048598 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Colonization along ubiquitous gradients of growing season length should require adaptation of phenological traits, driven by natural selection. Although phenology often varies with season length and genetic differentiation in phenological traits sometimes seems adaptive, few studies test whether natural selection is responsible for these patterns. The annual plant Rhinanthus minor is genetically differentiated for phenology across a 1000-m elevational gradient of growing season length in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. We estimated phenotypic selection on five phenological traits for three generations of naturally occurring individuals at 12 sites (n = 10,112), and two generations of genetically and phenotypically more variable transplanted populations at nine of these sites (n = 24,611). Selection was weak for most traits, but consistently favored early flowering across the gradient rather than only under short seasons. There was no evidence that apparent selection favoring early reproduction arose from failure to consider all components of fitness, or variation in other correlated phenological traits. Instead, selection for earlier flowering may be balanced by selection for strong cogradient phenological plasticity that indirectly favors later flowering. However, this probably does not explain the consistency of selection on flowering time across this steep, elevational gradient of growing season length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Ensing
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Dylan M D H Sora
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tedla B, Dang QL, Inoue S. Longer photoperiods negate the CO 2 stimulation of photosynthesis in Betula papyrifera Marsh: Implications to climate change-induced migration. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:106-115. [PMID: 33280131 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In response to global warming, trees are expected to shift their distribution ranges to higher latitudes. The range shift will expose them to novel environmental conditions, such as new photoperiod regimes. These factors can interact with rising atmospheric CO2 ([CO2 ]) to affect trees' physiology and growth. This study simulated future environmental conditions to investigate photosynthetic responses to changes in photoperiod regimes (seed origin [48°N], 52, 55, and 58°N) and [CO2 ] (ambient 400 vs. elevated 1000 μmol mol-1 ) in white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) seedlings. Our results show that elevated [CO2 ] stimulated leaf photosynthesis (Pn ) at the two lower latitudes (48 and 52°N). However, this stimulation by elevated [CO2 ] was lost in the two higher latitudes (55 and 58°N). Elevated [CO2 ] led to the downregulation of maximum Rubisco activity (Vcmax ) for the two higher latitudes, and maximum electron transport rate (Jmax ) and triose phosphate utilization (TPU) at 58°N, while it enhanced Jmax and TPU for the two lower latitudes. Increased instantaneous water-use efficiency (IWUE) for the two lower latitudes was primarily attributed to the CO2 stimulation of Pn while the higher IWUE under the photoperiod regimes of 55 and 58°N latitudes was explained by reduced water loss. Photoperiod effects varied with [CO2 ]: Pn increased at the photoperiod regimes of 55 and 58°N in ambient [CO2 ] while it tended to decline under these photoperiods in elevated [CO2 ]. Our study suggests that the photosynthesis of white birch will likely respond negatively to northward migration or seed transfer in response to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binyam Tedla
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, Centre for Boreal Research, Peace River, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qing-Lai Dang
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sahari Inoue
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, Centre for Boreal Research, Peace River, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kimble SJA, Dorr BS, Hanson‐Dorr KC, Rhodes OE, Devault TL. Migratory Flyways May Affect Population Structure in Double‐Crested Cormorants. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. A. Kimble
- Department of Biological Sciences Towson University 8000 York Road Baltimore MD 21252 USA
| | - Brian S. Dorr
- USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center P.O. Box 6099 Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Katie C. Hanson‐Dorr
- USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center P.O. Box 6099 Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Travis L. Devault
- USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center 6100 Columbus Avenue Sandusky OH 44870 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Benning JW, Moeller DA. Maladaptation beyond a geographic range limit driven by antagonistic and mutualistic biotic interactions across an abiotic gradient. Evolution 2019; 73:2044-2059. [PMID: 31435931 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Species' geographic range limits often result from maladaptation to the novel environments beyond the range margin. However, we rarely know which aspects of the n-dimensional environment are driving this maladaptation. Especially of interest is the influence of abiotic versus biotic factors in delimiting species' distributions. We conducted a 2-year reciprocal transplant experiment involving manipulations of the biotic environment to explore how spatiotemporal gradients in precipitation, fatal mammalian herbivory, and pollination affected lifetime fitness within and beyond the range of the California annual plant, Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana. In the first, drier year of the experiment, fitness outside the range edge was limited mainly by low precipitation, and there was some evidence for local adaptation within the range. In the second, wetter year, we did not observe abiotic limitations to plant fitness outside the range; instead biotic interactions, especially herbivory, limited fitness outside the range. Together, protection from herbivory and supplementation of pollen resulted in three- to sevenfold increases in lifetime fitness outside the range margin in the abiotically benign year. Overall, our work demonstrates the importance of biotic interactions, particularly as they interact with the abiotic environment, in determining fitness beyond geographic range boundaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Benning
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108
| | - David A Moeller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brady SP, Bolnick DI, Barrett RDH, Chapman L, Crispo E, Derry AM, Eckert CG, Fraser DJ, Fussmann GF, Gonzalez A, Guichard F, Lamy T, Lane J, McAdam AG, Newman AEM, Paccard A, Robertson B, Rolshausen G, Schulte PM, Simons AM, Vellend M, Hendry A. Understanding Maladaptation by Uniting Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives. Am Nat 2019; 194:495-515. [PMID: 31490718 DOI: 10.1086/705020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary biologists have long trained their sights on adaptation, focusing on the power of natural selection to produce relative fitness advantages while often ignoring changes in absolute fitness. Ecologists generally have taken a different tack, focusing on changes in abundance and ranges that reflect absolute fitness while often ignoring relative fitness. Uniting these perspectives, we articulate various causes of relative and absolute maladaptation and review numerous examples of their occurrence. This review indicates that maladaptation is reasonably common from both perspectives, yet often in contrasting ways. That is, maladaptation can appear strong from a relative fitness perspective, yet populations can be growing in abundance. Conversely, resident individuals can appear locally adapted (relative to nonresident individuals) yet be declining in abundance. Understanding and interpreting these disconnects between relative and absolute maladaptation, as well as the cases of agreement, is increasingly critical in the face of accelerating human-mediated environmental change. We therefore present a framework for studying maladaptation, focusing in particular on the relationship between absolute and relative fitness, thereby drawing together evolutionary and ecological perspectives. The unification of these ecological and evolutionary perspectives has the potential to bring together previously disjunct research areas while addressing key conceptual issues and specific practical problems.
Collapse
|
17
|
Benning JW, Eckhart VM, Geber MA, Moeller DA. Biotic Interactions Contribute to the Geographic Range Limit of an Annual Plant: Herbivory and Phenology Mediate Fitness beyond a Range Margin. Am Nat 2019; 193:786-797. [DOI: 10.1086/703187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
18
|
Braasch J, Barker BS, Dlugosch KM. Expansion history and environmental suitability shape effective population size in a plant invasion. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2546-2558. [PMID: 30993767 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The margins of an expanding range are predicted to be challenging environments for adaptation. Marginal populations should often experience low effective population sizes (Ne ) where genetic drift is high due to demographic expansion and/or census population size is low due to unfavourable environmental conditions. Nevertheless, invasive species demonstrate increasing evidence of rapid evolution and potential adaptation to novel environments encountered during colonization, calling into question whether significant reductions in Ne are realized during range expansions in nature. Here we report one of the first empirical tests of the joint effects of expansion dynamics and environment on effective population size variation during invasive range expansion. We estimate contemporary values of Ne using rates of linkage disequilibrium among genome-wide markers within introduced populations of the highly invasive plant Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) in North America (California, USA), and within native Eurasian populations. As predicted, we find that Ne within the invaded range is positively correlated with both expansion history (time since founding) and habitat quality (abiotic climate). History and climate had independent additive effects with similar effect sizes, indicating an important role for both factors in this invasion. These results support theoretical expectations for the population genetics of range expansion, though whether these processes can ultimately arrest the spread of an invasive species remains an unanswered question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Braasch
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Brittany S Barker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Integrated Plant Protection Center and Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Katrina M Dlugosch
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
van Boheemen LA, Atwater DZ, Hodgins KA. Rapid and repeated local adaptation to climate in an invasive plant. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:614-627. [PMID: 30367474 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions provide opportunities to study evolutionary processes occurring over contemporary timescales. To explore the speed and repeatability of adaptation, we examined the divergence of life-history traits to climate, using latitude as a proxy, in the native North American and introduced European and Australian ranges of the annual plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia. We explored niche changes following introductions using climate niche dynamic models. In a common garden, we examined trait divergence by growing seeds collected across three ranges with highly distinct demographic histories. Heterozygosity-fitness associations were used to explore the effect of invasion history on potential success. We accounted for nonadaptive population differentiation using 11 598 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We revealed a centroid shift to warmer, wetter climates in the introduced ranges. We identified repeated latitudinal divergence in life-history traits, with European and Australian populations positioned at either end of the native clines. Our data indicate rapid and repeated adaptation to local climates despite the recent introductions and a bottleneck limiting genetic variation in Australia. Centroid shifts in the introduced ranges suggest adaptation to more productive environments, potentially contributing to trait divergence between the ranges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte A van Boheemen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel Z Atwater
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN, 47374, USA
| | - Kathryn A Hodgins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Peterson ML, Doak DF, Morris WF. Incorporating local adaptation into forecasts of species' distribution and abundance under climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:775-793. [PMID: 30597712 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Populations of many species are genetically adapted to local historical climate conditions. Yet most forecasts of species' distributions under climate change have ignored local adaptation (LA), which may paint a false picture of how species will respond across their geographic ranges. We review recent studies that have incorporated intraspecific variation, a potential proxy for LA, into distribution forecasts, assess their strengths and weaknesses, and make recommendations for how to improve forecasts in the face of LA. The three methods used so far (species distribution models, response functions, and mechanistic models) reflect a trade-off between data availability and the ability to rigorously demonstrate LA to climate. We identify key considerations for incorporating LA into distribution forecasts that are currently missing from many published studies, including testing the spatial scale and pattern of LA, the confounding effects of LA to nonclimatic or biotic drivers, and the need to incorporate empirically based dispersal or gene flow processes. We suggest approaches to better evaluate these aspects of LA and their effects on species-level forecasts. In particular, we highlight demographic and dynamic evolutionary models as promising approaches to better integrate LA into forecasts, and emphasize the importance of independent model validation. Finally, we urge closer examination of how LA will alter the responses of central vs. marginal populations to allow stronger generalizations about changes in distribution and abundance in the face of LA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Peterson
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Daniel F Doak
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wan JSH, Fazlioglu F, Bonser SP. Loss of plasticity in life-history strategy associated with secondary invasion into stressful environments in invasive narrowleaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata
L.). AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin S. H. Wan
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Australia; Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Molecular Biology and Genetics; Ordu University; Ordu 52200 Turkey
| | - Stephen P. Bonser
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Australia; Sydney 2052 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moran EV, Reid A, Levine JM. Population genetics and adaptation to climate along elevation gradients in invasive Solidago canadensis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185539. [PMID: 28957402 PMCID: PMC5619793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene flow between populations may either support local adaptation by supplying genetic variation on which selection may act, or counteract it if maladapted alleles arrive faster than can be purged by selection. Although both such effects have been documented within plant species’ native ranges, how the balance of these forces influences local adaptation in invasive plant populations is less clear, in part because introduced species often have lower genetic variation initially but also tend to have good dispersal abilities. To evaluate the extent of gene flow and adaptation to local climate in invasive populations of Solidago canadensis, and the implications of this for range expansion, we compared population differentiation at microsatellite and chloroplast loci for populations across Switzerland and assessed the effect of environmental transfer distance using common gardens. We found that while patterns of differentiation at neutral genetic markers suggested that populations are connected through extensive pollen and seed movement, common-garden plants nonetheless exhibited modest adaptation to local climate conditions. Growth rate and flower production declined with climatic distance from a plant's home site, with clones from colder home sites performing better at or above the range limit. Such adaptation in invasive species is likely to promote further spread, particularly under climate change, as the genotypes positioned near the range edge may be best able to take advantage of lengthening growing seasons to expand the range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily V. Moran
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wadgymar SM, Lowry DB, Gould BA, Byron CN, Mactavish RM, Anderson JT. Identifying targets and agents of selection: innovative methods to evaluate the processes that contribute to local adaptation. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana M. Wadgymar
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - David B. Lowry
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
- Plant Resilience Institute Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Billie A. Gould
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Caitlyn N. Byron
- Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Rachel M. Mactavish
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Jill T. Anderson
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Samis KE, López-Villalobos A, Eckert CG. Strong genetic differentiation but not local adaptation toward the range limit of a coastal dune plant. Evolution 2016; 70:2520-2536. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Samis
- Department of Biology; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
- Current Address: Department of Biology; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kilkenny FF, Galloway LF. Evolution of marginal populations of an invasive vine increases the likelihood of future spread. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:1773-1780. [PMID: 26467337 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The prediction of invasion patterns may require an understanding of intraspecific differentiation in invasive species and its interaction with climate change. We compare Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) plants from the core (100-150 yr old) and northern margin (< 65 yr old) of their North American invaded range to determine whether evolution during invasion increases the probability of future expansion. Plants from populations in the core and margin were compared in two sites beyond the northern range edge to assess their potential to invade novel areas. Data were compared with previous work to assess the effect of latitudinal climate on L. japonica spread. Winter survival in current climates was modeled and projected for future climates to predict future spread. Margin plants were larger and had 60% greater survival than core plants at sites beyond the northern range edge. Overall, winter survival decreased with increasing latitude and decreasing temperature, and was greater in margin plants than core plants. Models suggested that greater winter tolerance in margin populations has increased L. japonica's northward spread by 76 km, and that this survival advantage will persist under future climates. These results demonstrate that evolution during invasion may increase spread beyond predictions using increasing global temperatures alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis F Kilkenny
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4328, USA
| | - Laura F Galloway
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4328, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Burghardt LT, Metcalf CJE, Donohue K. A cline in seed dormancy helps conserve the environment experienced during reproduction across the range of Arabidopsis thaliana. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:47-59. [PMID: 26744481 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Understanding the factors shaping range limits is critical given current changes in climate as well as human-mediated introduction of species into novel environments. Phenological responses to climate influence range limits by allowing plants to avoid conditions that decrease population growth rates. Studying these processes is a challenge due to the joint contributions of both genetic and environmental variation to phenology. METHODS Using a previously developed model that predicts phenology of three dormancy "genotypes" in four locations spanning the European range of Arabidopsis thaliana, we examined how variation in seed dormancy influences the environmental conditions experienced by reproductive individuals and how those conditions influence reproductive potential. We calculated two metrics: temperature experienced during reproduction and the length of thermal window available for reproduction. KEY RESULTS Seed dormancy levels determine whether a spring-flowering life cycle is expressed and thus determine the reproductive environment. A genetic cline in seed dormancy across the range reduces differences in reproductive environment and increases the thermal opportunity for reproduction before conditions become unfavorable for survival. Counter-intuitively, these putatively local genotypes are predicted to reproduce in slightly cooler conditions in the south than in the north, suggesting that maternal environmental effects on average could induce deeper dormancy in southern seeds reinforcing the observed genetic cline. However, within a location, we found large individual level differences. CONCLUSIONS Phenological adjustments of early life stages can contribute to the maintenance of consistent reproductive environments experienced by individual plants across ranges despite variable environmental conditions over time and space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liana T Burghardt
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338 Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - C Jessica E Metcalf
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 USA
| | - Kathleen Donohue
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338 Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wadgymar SM, Cumming MN, Weis AE. The success of assisted colonization and assisted gene flow depends on phenology. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:3786-3799. [PMID: 26033188 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Global warming will jeopardize the persistence and genetic diversity of many species. Assisted colonization, or the movement of species beyond their current range boundary, is a conservation strategy proposed for species with limited dispersal abilities or adaptive potential. However, species that rely on photoperiodic and thermal cues for development may experience conflicting signals if transported across latitudes. Relocating multiple, distinct populations may remedy this quandary by expanding genetic variation and promoting evolutionary responses in the receiving habitat--a strategy known as assisted gene flow. To better inform these policies, we planted seeds from latitudinally distinct populations of the annual legume, Chamaecrista fasciculata, in a potential future colonization site north of its current range boundary. Plants were exposed to ambient or elevated temperatures via infrared heating. We monitored several life history traits and estimated patterns of natural selection to determine the adaptive value of plastic responses. To assess the feasibility of assisted gene flow between phenologically distinct populations, we counted flowers each day and estimated the degree of temporal isolation between populations. Increased temperatures advanced each successive phenological trait more than the last, resulting in a compressed life cycle for all but the southern-most population. Warming altered patterns of selection on flowering onset and vegetative biomass. Population performance was dependent on latitude of origin, with the northern-most population performing best under ambient conditions and the southern-most performing most poorly, even under elevated temperatures. Among-population differences in flowering phenology limited the potential for genetic exchange among the northern- and southern-most populations. All plastic responses to warming were neutral or adaptive; however, photoperiodic constraints will likely necessitate evolutionary responses for long-term persistence, especially when involving populations from disparate latitudes. With strategic planning, our results suggest that assisted colonization and assisted gene flow may be feasible options for preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana M Wadgymar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S3B9, Canada
| | - Matthew N Cumming
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S3B9, Canada
| | - Arthur E Weis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S3B9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Volis S, Ormanbekova D, Yermekbayev K, Song M, Shulgina I. The Conservation Value of Peripheral Populations and a Relationship Between Quantitative Trait and Molecular Variation. Evol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-015-9346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
29
|
Austen EJ, Weis AE. What drives selection on flowering time? An experimental manipulation of the inherent correlation between genotype and environment. Evolution 2015; 69:2018-33. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Austen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3B2
- Department of Biology; Mount Allison University; Sackville New Brunswick Canada E4L 1E2
| | - Arthur E. Weis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3B2
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hargreaves AL, Bailey SF, Laird RA. Fitness declines towards range limits and local adaptation to climate affect dispersal evolution during climate-induced range shifts. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1489-501. [PMID: 26079367 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal ability will largely determine whether species track their climatic niches during climate change, a process especially important for populations at contracting (low-latitude/low-elevation) range limits that otherwise risk extinction. We investigate whether dispersal evolution at contracting range limits is facilitated by two processes that potentially enable edge populations to experience and adjust to the effects of climate deterioration before they cause extinction: (i) climate-induced fitness declines towards range limits and (ii) local adaptation to a shifting climate gradient. We simulate a species distributed continuously along a temperature gradient using a spatially explicit, individual-based model. We compare range-wide dispersal evolution during climate stability vs. directional climate change, with uniform fitness vs. fitness that declines towards range limits (RLs), and for a single climate genotype vs. multiple genotypes locally adapted to temperature. During climate stability, dispersal decreased towards RLs when fitness was uniform, but increased when fitness declined towards RLs, due to highly dispersive genotypes maintaining sink populations at RLs, increased kin selection in smaller populations, and an emergent fitness asymmetry that favoured dispersal in low-quality habitat. However, this initial dispersal advantage at low-fitness RLs did not facilitate climate tracking, as it was outweighed by an increased probability of extinction. Locally adapted genotypes benefited from staying close to their climate optima; this selected against dispersal under stable climates but for increased dispersal throughout shifting ranges, compared to cases without local adaptation. Dispersal increased at expanding RLs in most scenarios, but only increased at the range centre and contracting RLs given local adaptation to climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Hargreaves
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - S F Bailey
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - R A Laird
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Weis AE. On the potential strength and consequences for nonrandom gene flow caused by local adaptation in flowering time. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:699-714. [PMID: 25728931 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Gene flow is generally considered a random process, that is the loci under consideration have no effect on dispersal success. Edelaar and Bolnick (Trends Ecol Evol, 27, 2012 659) recently argued that nonrandom gene flow could exert a significant evolutionary force. It can, for instance, ameliorate the maladaptive effects of immigration into locally adapted populations. I examined the potential strength for nonrandom gene flow for flowering time genes, a trait frequently found to be locally adapted. The idea is that plants that successfully export pollen into a locally adapted resident population will be a genetically biased subset of their natal population - they will have resident-like flowering times. Reciprocally, recipients will be more migrant-like than the resident population average. I quantified the potential for biased pollen exchange among three populations along a flowering time cline in Brassica rapa from southern California. A two-generation line cross experiment demonstrated genetic variance in flowering time, both within and among populations. Calculations based on the variation in individual flowering schedules showed that resident plants with the most migrant-like flowering times could expect to have up to 10 times more of the their flowers pollinated by immigrant pollen than the least migrant-like. Further, the mean flowering time of the pollen exporters that have access to resident mates differs by up to 4 weeks from the mean in the exporters' natal population. The data from these three populations suggest that the bias in gene flow for flowering time cuts the impact on the resident population by as much as half. This implies that when selection is divergent between populations, migrants with the highest mating success tend to be resident-like in their flowering times, and so, fewer maladaptive alleles will be introduced into the locally adapting gene pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Weis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Koffler Scientific Reserve at Jokers Hill, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ehrlén J, Morris WF. Predicting changes in the distribution and abundance of species under environmental change. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:303-14. [PMID: 25611188 PMCID: PMC4674973 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental changes are expected to alter both the distribution and the abundance of organisms. A disproportionate amount of past work has focused on distribution only, either documenting historical range shifts or predicting future occurrence patterns. However, simultaneous predictions of abundance and distribution across landscapes would be far more useful. To critically assess which approaches represent advances towards the goal of joint predictions of abundance and distribution, we review recent work on changing distributions and on effects of environmental drivers on single populations. Several methods have been used to predict changing distributions. Some of these can be easily modified to also predict abundance, but others cannot. In parallel, demographers have developed a much better understanding of how changing abiotic and biotic drivers will influence growth rate and abundance in single populations. However, this demographic work has rarely taken a landscape perspective and has largely ignored the effects of intraspecific density. We advocate a synthetic approach in which population models accounting for both density dependence and effects of environmental drivers are used to make integrated predictions of equilibrium abundance and distribution across entire landscapes. Such predictions would constitute an important step forward in assessing the ecological consequences of environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden
| | - William F Morris
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Duke UniversityDurham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li XM, She DY, Zhang DY, Liao WJ. Life history trait differentiation and local adaptation in invasive populations of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in China. Oecologia 2014; 177:669-677. [PMID: 25362583 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Local adaptation has been suggested to play an important role in range expansion, particularly among invasive species. However, the extent to which local adaptation affects the success of an invasive species and the factors that contribute to local adaptation are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate a case of population divergence that may have contributed to the local adaptation of invasive populations of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in China. Common garden experiments in seven populations indicated clinal variations along latitudinal gradients, with plants from higher latitudes exhibiting earlier flowering and smaller sizes at flowering. In reciprocal transplant experiments, plants of a northern Beijing origin produced more seeds at their home site than plants of a southern Wuhan origin, and the Wuhan-origin plants had grown taller at flowering than the Beijing-origin plants in Wuhan, which is believed to facilitate pollen dispersal. These results suggest that plants of Beijing origin may be locally adapted through female fitness and plants from Wuhan possibly locally adapted through male fitness. Selection and path analysis suggested that the phenological and growth traits of both populations have been influenced by natural selection and that flowering time has played an important role through its direct and indirect effects on the relative fitness of each individual. This study evidences the life history trait differentiation and local adaptation during range expansion of invasive A. artemisiifolia in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Deng-Ying She
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Da-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wan-Jin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Volis S, Ormanbekova D, Yermekbayev K, Song M, Shulgina I. Introduction beyond a species range: a relationship between population origin, adaptive potential and plant performance. Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 113:268-76. [PMID: 24690758 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive potential of a population defines its importance for species survival in changing environmental conditions such as global climate change. Very few empirical studies have examined adaptive potential across species' ranges, namely, of edge vs core populations, and we are unaware of a study that has tested adaptive potential (namely, variation in adaptive traits) and measured performance of such populations in conditions not currently experienced by the species but expected in the future. Here we report the results of a Triticum dicoccoides population study that employed transplant experiments and analysis of quantitative trait variation. Two populations at the opposite edges of the species range (1) were locally adapted; (2) had lower adaptive potential (inferred from the extent of genetic quantitative trait variation) than the two core populations; and (3) were outperformed by the plants from the core population in the novel environment. The fact that plants from the species arid edge performed worse than plants from the more mesic core in extreme drought conditions beyond the present climatic envelope of the species implies that usage of peripheral populations for conservation purposes must be based on intensive sampling of among-population variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Volis
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - D Ormanbekova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - K Yermekbayev
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - M Song
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - I Shulgina
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hargreaves AL, Samis KE, Eckert CG. Are Species’ Range Limits Simply Niche Limits Writ Large? A Review of Transplant Experiments beyond the Range. Am Nat 2014; 183:157-73. [DOI: 10.1086/674525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
36
|
Stanton-Geddes J, Shaw RG, Tiffin P. Insights from population genetics for range limits of a widely distributed native plant. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:744-753. [PMID: 23515909 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Species' range limits are determined by a combination of history, ecology, and genetics. While much of our understanding of range limits comes from ecological studies, molecular population genetic methods can provide insight into the contribution of historical range shifts and gene flow to current range limits. METHODS We sequenced nine nuclear loci in 68 individuals from four populations (two within the range interior, one at the western range edge, and one at northern range edge) of the native annual legume Chamaecrista fasciculata in the Upper Midwest of North America. KEY RESULTS Molecular diversity was greatest in an interior population and significantly reduced at both the western and northern range edges. We found no molecular genetic evidence for historical demographic expansion or contraction in any of the populations. Coalescent simulations indicate that the absence of a genetic signal for expansion or contraction could be due to inadequate statistical power or to a bottleneck that was weak and old. Populations were significantly differentiated and clustered into three demes, with the fourth population containing individuals that were assigned to the two nearest populations. We found evidence that recent migration between the northern edge and the most proximate interior population has been slight, within the distribution of values that theoretical models predict would alleviate genetic load without impeding adaptation. CONCLUSIONS When coupled with results from transplant experiments, these results suggest that ecological-genetic factors other than gene flow currently limit range expansion of C. fasciculata. Further, they highlight challenges in using molecular data to make inferences about species' distributions that have complex demographic histories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Stanton-Geddes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, 100 Ecology Building, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Novy A, Flory S, Hartman JM. Evidence for rapid evolution of phenology in an invasive grass. J Evol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Novy
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
- Department of Landscape Architecture; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
- United States Botanic Garden; Washington DC USA
| | - S.L. Flory
- Agronomy Department; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - J. M. Hartman
- Department of Landscape Architecture; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Moeller DA, Geber MA, Eckhart VM, Tiffin P. Reduced pollinator service and elevated pollen limitation at the geographic range limit of an annual plant. Ecology 2012; 93:1036-48. [PMID: 22764490 DOI: 10.1890/11-1462.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutualisms are well known to influence individual fitness and the population dynamics of partner species, but little is known about whether they influence species distributions and the location of geographic range limits. Here, we examine the contribution of plant-pollinator interactions to the geographic range limit of the California endemic plant Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana. We show that pollinator availability declined from the center to the margin of the geographic range consistently across four years of study. This decline in pollinator availability was caused to a greater extent by variation in the abundance of generalist rather than specialist bee pollinators. Climate data suggest that patterns of precipitation in the current and previous year drove variation in bee abundance because of its effects on cues for bee emergence in the current year and the abundance of floral resources in the previous year. Experimental floral manipulations showed that marginal populations had greater outcross pollen limitation of reproduction, in parallel with the decline in pollinator abundance. Although plants are self-compatible, we found no evidence that autonomous selfing contributes to reproduction, and thus no evidence that it alleviates outcross pollen limitation in marginal populations. Furthermore, we found no association between the distance to the range edge and selfing rate, as estimated from sequence and microsatellite variation, indicating that the mating system has not evolved in response to the pollination environment at the range periphery. Overall, our results suggest that dependence on pollinators for reproduction may be an important constraint limiting range expansion in this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Moeller
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Stanton-Geddes J, Tiffin P, Shaw RG. Role of climate and competitors in limiting fitness across range edges of an annual plant. Ecology 2012; 93:1604-13. [DOI: 10.1890/11-1701.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
40
|
Stanton-Geddes J, Shaw RG, Tiffin P. Interactions between soil habitat and geographic range location affect plant fitness. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36015. [PMID: 22615745 PMCID: PMC3355151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations are often found on different habitats at different geographic locations. This habitat shift may be due to biased dispersal, physiological tolerances or biotic interactions. To explore how fitness of the native plant Chamaecrista fasciculata depends on habitat within, at and beyond its range edge, we planted seeds from five populations in two soil substrates at these geographic locations. We found that with reduced competition, lifetime fitness was always greater or equivalent in one habitat type, loam soils, though early-season survival was greater on sand soils. At the range edge, natural populations are typically found on sand soil habitats, which are also less competitive environments. Early-season survival and fitness differed among source populations, and when transplanted beyond the range edge, range edge populations had greater fitness than interior populations. Our results indicate that even when the optimal soil substrate for a species does not change with geographic range location, the realized niche of a species may be restricted to sub-optimal habitats at the range edge because of the combined effects of differences in abiotic and biotic effects (e.g. competitors) between substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Stanton-Geddes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fei S, Liang L, Paillet FL, Steiner KC, Fang J, Shen Z, Wang Z, Hebard FV. Modelling chestnut biogeography for American chestnut restoration. DIVERS DISTRIB 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
42
|
Paul JR, Sheth SN, Angert AL. Quantifying the Impact of Gene Flow on Phenotype-Environment Mismatch: A Demonstration with the Scarlet Monkeyflower Mimulus cardinalis. Am Nat 2011; 178 Suppl 1:S62-79. [DOI: 10.1086/661781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
43
|
Moeller DA, Geber MA, Tiffin P. Population Genetics and the Evolution of Geographic Range Limits in an Annual Plant. Am Nat 2011; 178 Suppl 1:S44-57. [PMID: 21956091 DOI: 10.1086/661783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Moeller
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Colautti RI, Barrett SCH. POPULATION DIVERGENCE ALONG LINES OF GENETIC VARIANCE AND COVARIANCE IN THE INVASIVE PLANT LYTHRUM SALICARIA IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. Evolution 2011; 65:2514-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- K D Behrman
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lavergne S, Mouquet N, Thuiller W, Ronce O. Biodiversity and Climate Change: Integrating Evolutionary and Ecological Responses of Species and Communities. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2010. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lavergne
- Université Joseph Fourier - CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France; ,
| | - Nicolas Mouquet
- Université Montpellier 2 - CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; ,
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Université Joseph Fourier - CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France; ,
| | - Ophélie Ronce
- Université Montpellier 2 - CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; ,
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wilczek AM, Burghardt LT, Cobb AR, Cooper MD, Welch SM, Schmitt J. Genetic and physiological bases for phenological responses to current and predicted climates. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2010; 365:3129-47. [PMID: 20819808 PMCID: PMC2981944 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We are now reaching the stage at which specific genetic factors with known physiological effects can be tied directly and quantitatively to variation in phenology. With such a mechanistic understanding, scientists can better predict phenological responses to novel seasonal climates. Using the widespread model species Arabidopsis thaliana, we explore how variation in different genetic pathways can be linked to phenology and life-history variation across geographical regions and seasons. We show that the expression of phenological traits including flowering depends critically on the growth season, and we outline an integrated life-history approach to phenology in which the timing of later life-history events can be contingent on the environmental cues regulating earlier life stages. As flowering time in many plants is determined by the integration of multiple environmentally sensitive gene pathways, the novel combinations of important seasonal cues in projected future climates will alter how phenology responds to variation in the flowering time gene network with important consequences for plant life history. We discuss how phenology models in other systems--both natural and agricultural--could employ a similar framework to explore the potential contribution of genetic variation to the physiological integration of cues determining phenology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Wilczek
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
|
50
|
Hoffmann AA. Physiological climatic limits in Drosophila: patterns and implications. J Exp Biol 2010; 213:870-80. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.037630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Physiological limits determine susceptibility to environmental changes, and can be assessed at the individual, population or species/lineage levels. Here I discuss these levels in Drosophila, and consider implications for determining species susceptibility to climate change. Limits at the individual level in Drosophila depend on experimental technique and on the context in which traits are evaluated. At the population level, evidence from selection experiments particularly involving Drosophila melanogaster indicate high levels of heritable variation and evolvability for coping with thermal stresses and aridity. An exception is resistance to high temperatures, which reaches a plateau in selection experiments and has a low heritability/evolvability when temperatures are ramped up to a stressful level. In tropical Drosophila species, populations are limited in their ability to evolve increased desiccation and cold resistance. Population limits can arise from trait and gene interactions but results from different laboratory studies are inconsistent and likely to underestimate the strength of interactions under field conditions. Species and lineage comparisons suggest phylogenetic conservatism for resistance to thermal extremes and other stresses. Plastic responses set individual limits but appear to evolve slowly in Drosophila. There is more species-level variation in lower thermal limits and desiccation resistance compared with upper limits, which might reflect different selection pressures and/or low evolvability. When extremes are considered, tropical Drosophila species do not appear more threatened than temperate species by higher temperatures associated with global warming, contrary to recent conjectures. However, species from the humid tropics may be threatened if they cannot adapt genetically to drier conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Hoffmann
- The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|