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Rojas-Jaimes J, Del Valle-Mendoza J. Detection of Bartonella vinsonii, Anaplasma platys and Bartonella sp. in didelphis marsupialis, Pecari tajacu and Chelonoidis denticulate: Peru. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:150. [PMID: 37475026 PMCID: PMC10360227 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence suggest that wildlife Infectious diseases related to wildlife are of most importance because of the agents' capacity to spill over into humans from the wild reservoir. Among them, the bacteria Bartonella spp. and Anaplasma spp. are related to this zoonotic dynamic. OBJECTIVE The primary goal of the present study was to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria in kidney and liver tissues of Didelphis marsupialis; spleen, liver, and skin of Pecari tajacu; spleen, liver, and skin of Chelonoidis denticulata. METHODOLOGY A PCR using universal and specific primers for 16 S rRNA, of Bartonella spp. with subsequent genetic sequencing were used. RESULTS The results in this study indicate that Bartonella vinsonni was detected in the liver tissue of Didelphis marsupialis using both universal primers and those specific for Bartonella sp. Anaplasma platys was detected at the liver and spleen level using universal primers. Additionally, Bartonella spp. was found at the liver, spleen, and skin level in Pecari tajacu using the specific primers. Finally, using the universal and specific primers at the skin level, Bartonella spp. was evident in Chelonoidis denticulata. CONCLUSIONS The presence of the DNA of the Bartonella vinsonii was detected at the liver tissue in Didelphis marsupialis. DNA of the Anaplasma platys and Bartonella spp. were identified at the spleen and liver level. This study also identified that DNA Bartonella spp. was detected in Pecari tajacu skin. Finally DNA of Bartonella spp. was evident in Chelonoidis denticulate skin. The findings of this study suggest that these bacteria are present in these animals and may be responsible for outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rojas-Jaimes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Av. El Sol 461, San Juan de Lurigancho 15434, Lima, Peru.
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Espinoza K, Caffo X, Hernández J, Olaechea R, Pons MJ, Ruiz J. Isolation and Identification of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae in Wild Birds Inhabiting Wetlands in Metropolitan Lima, Peru. J Wildl Dis 2023; 59:495-499. [PMID: 37179486 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-22-00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
During a survey in wetlands from southern Lima, Peru, two non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae isolates were obtained from samples collected from an American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) and a Wren-like Rushbird (Phleocryptes melanops). Vibrio cholerae was identified by amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA, differentially grown on CHROMagar Vibrio media, and confirmed by ompW amplification. Isolates were confirmed to be non-O1/non-O139 serotypes and to lack the ctxA gene as inferred using PCR. Susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents was assessed, with one isolate being resistant to azithromycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, and furazolidone. Our results indicate the utility of surveillance for V. cholerae in wetlands in the metropolitan Lima area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathya Espinoza
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, "One Health," Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Carretera Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, 15067 Lima, Peru
| | - Xiomara Caffo
- Departamento de Ornitología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor San Marcos, Avda. Arenales 1256, Jesus Maria, 15072 Lima, Peru
| | - Jacqueline Hernández
- Departamento de Ornitología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor San Marcos, Avda. Arenales 1256, Jesus Maria, 15072 Lima, Peru
| | - Raul Olaechea
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, "One Health," Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Carretera Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, 15067 Lima, Peru
| | - Maria J Pons
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, "One Health," Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Carretera Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, 15067 Lima, Peru
| | - Joaquim Ruiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, "One Health," Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Carretera Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, 15067 Lima, Peru
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Temirbekova A, Tekebayeva Z, Temirkhanov A, Yevneyeva D, Sadykov A, Meiramkulova K, Mkilima T, Abzhalelov A. Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria with High Electroactive Potential from Poultry Wastewater. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040623. [PMID: 37106823 PMCID: PMC10135469 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Natural resources are in short supply, and the ecosystem is being damaged as a result of the overuse of fossil fuels. The creation of novel technology is greatly desired for investigating renewable and sustainable energy sources. Microorganisms have received a lot of interest recently for their potential to transform organic waste into sustainable energy and high-value goods. New exoelectrogens that can transmit electrons to electrodes and remove specific wastewater contaminants are expected to be studied. In this study, we examined three distinct samples (as determined by chemical oxygen demand and pH) that can be used as anolytes to generate power in single-chamber and double-chamber microbial fuel cells using graphite electrodes. Wastewater from poultry farms was studied as an exoelectrogenic anolyte for microbial fuel cell power generation. The study examined 10 different bacterial strains, numbered A1 through A10. Due to their highly anticipated capacity to metabolize organic/inorganic chemicals, the diverse range of microorganisms found in poultry wastewater inspired us to investigate the viability of generating electricity using microbial fuel cells. From the investigated bacterial strains, the highest voltage outputs were produced by strains A1 (Lysinibacillus sphaericus) and A2 (Bacillus cereus), respectively, at 402 mV and 350 mV. Among the 10 different bacterial strains, strain A6 generated the least amount of electricity, measuring 35.03 mV. Furthermore, a maximum power density of 16.16 1.02 mW/m2 was achieved by the microbial fuel cell using strain A1, significantly outperforming the microbial fuel cell using a sterile medium. The strain A2 showed significant current and power densities of 35 1.12 mA/m2 and 12.25 1.05 mW/m2, respectively. Moreover, in the two representative strains, chemical oxygen demand removal and Coulombic efficiency were noted. Samples from the effluent anode chamber were taken in order to gauge the effectiveness of chemical oxygen demand removal. Wastewater had an initial chemical oxygen demand content of 350 mg/L on average. Strains A1 and A2 decomposed 94.28% and 91.71%, respectively, of the organic substrate, according to the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency values after 72 h. Strains A1 and A2 had electron donor oxidation efficiencies for 72 h of 54.1% and 60.67%, respectively. The Coulombic efficiency increased as the chemical oxygen demand decreased, indicating greater microbial electroactivity. With representative strains A1 and A2, Coulombic efficiencies of 10% and 3.5%, respectively, were obtained in the microbial fuel cell. The findings of this study greatly advance the field as a viable source of power technology for alternative energy in the future, which is important given the depletion of natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Temirbekova
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Republican Collection of Microorganisms, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 13/1 Valikhanov Str, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev Str. 2, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanar Tekebayeva
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Republican Collection of Microorganisms, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 13/1 Valikhanov Str, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aslan Temirkhanov
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Republican Collection of Microorganisms, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 13/1 Valikhanov Str, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Yevneyeva
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Republican Collection of Microorganisms, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 13/1 Valikhanov Str, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Azamat Sadykov
- LLP Astana Bioscience Business Centre, Sh. Kosshygululy Str. 21, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Kulyash Meiramkulova
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev Str. 2, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Timoth Mkilima
- Department of Civil Engineering, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev Str. 2, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Akhan Abzhalelov
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Republican Collection of Microorganisms, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 13/1 Valikhanov Str, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Department of Management and Engineering in the Field of Environmental Protection, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev Str. 2, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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Barrientos-Yong RS, Hinojosa-Salas BA, Salas-Ponce PG, Angles E, Ruiz J, Pons MJ. High rates of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Peruvian hospital 2013–2019. Trop Doct 2022; 53:248-255. [PMID: 36518018 DOI: 10.1177/00494755221142939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii has become a major concern of hospital care. The objective of the study was to evaluate the evolution of antimicrobial resistance of A. baumannii in a Peruvian hospital from 2013 to 2019. A total of 993 A. baumannii clinical isolates were recovered. Antimicrobial resistance levels were extremely high, except for colistin. Among the remaining antibacterial agents, ampicillin plus sulbactam (AMS) was the most active (71.4% of resistance), with resistance levels to the remaining agents ranging from 75.9% to amikacin to 99.2% to ertapenem. The presence of significant differences was observed in extensively drug-resistant (XDR) A. baumannii according to samples origin. No association was observed between MDR or XDR isolates and seasonality. An impressive rate of XDR A. baumannii isolates was found, including a growing number of only-colistin-susceptible isolates highlighting the urgent need for new therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Percy Genaro Salas-Ponce
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
- Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Joaquim Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Maria J Pons
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
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Gold nanoparticle-DNA aptamer-assisted delivery of antimicrobial peptide effectively inhibits Acinetobacter baumannii infection in mice. J Microbiol 2021; 60:128-136. [PMID: 34964948 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii causes multidrug resistance, leading to fatal infections in humans. In this study, we showed that Lys AB2 P3-His-a hexahistidine-tagged form of an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) loaded onto DNA aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP-Apt)-can effectively inhibit A. baumannii infection in mice. When A. baumannii-infected mice were intraperitoneally injected with AuNP-Apt loaded with Lys AB2 P3-His, a marked reduction in A. baumannii colonization was observed in the mouse organs, leading to prominently increased survival time and rate of the mice compared to those of the control mice treated with AuNP-Apt or Lys AB2 P3-His only. This study shows that AMPs loaded onto AuNP-Apt could be an effective therapeutic tool against infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in humans.
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Martínez-Puchol S, Riveros M, Ruidias K, Granda A, Ruiz-Roldán L, Zapata-Cachay C, Ochoa TJ, Pons MJ, Ruiz J. Dissemination of a multidrug resistant CTX-M-65 producer Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis clone between marketed chicken meat and children. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 344:109109. [PMID: 33677191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterize Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis isolated from chicken meat determining their clonal relationships with S. Infantis isolated from children with diarrhea. Fifteen meat-recovered S. Infantis were analyzed. Susceptibility levels to 14 antibacterial agents, the presence of ESBL and that of inducible plasmid-mediated AmpC (i-pAmpC) were determined by phenotypical methods. The presence of ESBL and pAmpC was confirmed by PCR, and detected ESBL-encoding genes were sequenced and their transferability tested by conjugation. The presence of gyrA mutations as well as Class 1 integrons was determined by PCR. Clonal relationships were established by REP-PCR and RAPD. In addition, 25 clinical isolates of S. Infantis were included in clonality studies. All meat-recovered S. Infantis were MDR, showing resistance to ampicillin, nitrofurans and quinolones, while none was resistant to azithromycin, ceftazidime or imipenem. ESBL (blaCTX-M-65) and i-pAmpC (blaDHA) were detected in 2 and 5 isolates respectively (in one case concomitantly), with blaCTX-M-65 being transferable through conjugation. In addition, 1 isolate presented a blaSHV gene. All isolates presented D87Y at GyrA, nalidixic acid active efflux pump and a Class 1 integron of ~1000 bp (aadA1). Clonal analysis showed that all isolates were related. Further they were identical to MDR blaCTX-M-65-producing S. Infantis isolates causing children diarrhea in Lima. The dissemination of MDR blaCTX-M-65-producing S. Infantis between marketed meat and children highlights a public health problem which needs be controlled at livestock level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maribel Riveros
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kenny Ruidias
- Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana Granda
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Lidia Ruiz-Roldán
- ISGlobal Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristhian Zapata-Cachay
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Theresa J Ochoa
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria J Pons
- ISGlobal Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Joaquim Ruiz
- ISGlobal Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
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Draft Genome Sequences of Three Pasteurella multocida Strains Isolated from Domestic Animals in Kazakhstan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/32/e00487-20. [PMID: 32763927 PMCID: PMC7409844 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00487-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the draft genome sequences of three strains of Pasteurella multocida isolated in Kazakhstan from domestic animals that died due to hemorrhagic septicemia. We report here the draft genome sequences of three strains of Pasteurella multocida isolated in Kazakhstan from domestic animals that died due to hemorrhagic septicemia.
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Silva-Caso W, Mazulis F, Weilg C, Aguilar-Luis MA, Sandoval I, Correa-Nuñez G, Li D, Song X, Liu Q, Del Valle-Mendoza J. Co-infection with Bartonella bacilliformis and Mycobacterium spp. in a coastal region of Peru. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:656. [PMID: 29191209 PMCID: PMC5709857 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated an outbreak of Bartonellosis in a coastal region in Peru. Results A total of 70 (n = 70) samples with clinical criteria for the acute phase of Bartonellosis and a positive peripheral blood smear were included. 22.85% (n = 16) cases of the samples were positive for Bartonella bacilliformis by PCR and automatic sequencing. Of those positive samples, 62.5% (n = 10) cases were positive only for B. bacilliformis and 37.5% (n = 6) cases were positive to both Mycobacterium spp. and B. bacilliformis. The symptom frequencies were similar in patients diagnosed with Carrion’s disease and those co-infected with Mycobacterium spp. The most common symptoms were headaches, followed by malaise and arthralgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilmer Silva-Caso
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos cuadra. 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru
| | - Fernando Mazulis
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos cuadra. 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru
| | - Claudia Weilg
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos cuadra. 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos cuadra. 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | | | - German Correa-Nuñez
- Departamento Académico de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Dongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuping Song
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Juana Del Valle-Mendoza
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos cuadra. 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru. .,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru.
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Horna G, Velasquez J, Fernández N, Tamariz J, Ruiz J. Characterisation of the first KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST340 from Peru. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 9:36-40. [PMID: 28219824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterise a KPC-carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a Peruvian hospital setting. METHODS The identity of the isolate was confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and the antibiotic resistance profile was determined by disk diffusion and automated methods The sequence type (ST) and phylogenetic group were established by PCR. The presence of different β-lactamase genes was determined, including blaMBL, blaKPC, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaOXA-1-like, blaOXA-2-like, blaOXA-5-like, blaOXA-48-like and blaTEM and up to six different plasmid-encoded AmpC genes as well as class 1 integrons. The conjugability of β-lactam resistance was assessed by conjugation. RESULTS The isolate was confirmed to be K. pneumoniae classified as belonging to the KpI phylogenetic group within ST340, which belongs to the high-risk clonal complex 258 (CC258). The isolate was resistant to all β-lactam agents tested, with only the presence of a non-conjugative blaKPC-2 gene being detected and carried in a non-classical genetic structure. CONCLUSIONS This is the first description of a member of CC258 and of a blaKPC-2 gene in Peru. Intensive surveillance is needed to determine the relevance of both in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrudis Horna
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado N.° 430, San Martín de Porras, Lima 31, Peru
| | | | | | - Jesus Tamariz
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado N.° 430, San Martín de Porras, Lima 31, Peru.
| | - Joaquim Ruiz
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Shevtsova E, Shevtsov A, Mukanov K, Filipenko M, Kamalova D, Sytnik I, Syzdykov M, Kuznetsov A, Akhmetova A, Zharova M, Karibaev T, Tarlykov P, Ramanculov E. Epidemiology of Brucellosis and Genetic Diversity of Brucella abortus in Kazakhstan. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167496. [PMID: 27907105 PMCID: PMC5132193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a major zoonotic infection in Kazakhstan. However, there is limited data on its incidence in humans and animals, and the genetic diversity of prevalent strains is virtually unstudied. Additionally, there is no detailed overview of Kazakhstan brucellosis control and eradication programs. Here, we analyzed brucellosis epidemiological data, and assessed the effectiveness of eradication strategies employed over the past 70 years to counteract this infection. We also conducted multiple loci variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of Brucella abortus strains found in Kazakhstan. We analyzed official data on the incidence of animal brucellosis in Kazakhstan. The records span more than 70 years of anti-brucellosis campaigns, and contain a brief description of the applied control strategies, their effectiveness, and their impact on the incidence in humans. The MLVA-16 method was used to type 94 strains of B. abortus and serial passages of B. abortus 82, a strain used in vaccines. MLVA-8 and MLVA-11 analyses clustered strains into a total of four and seven genotypes, respectively; it is the first time that four of these genotypes have been described. MLVA-16 analysis divided strains into 28 distinct genotypes having genetic similarity coefficient that varies from 60 to100% and a Hunter & Gaston diversity index of 0.871. MST analysis reconstruction revealed clustering into "Kazakhstani-Chinese (Central Asian)", "European" and "American" lines. Detection of multiple genotypes in a single outbreak confirms that poorly controlled trade of livestock plays a crucial role in the spread of infection. Notably, the MLVA-16 profile of the B. abortus 82 strain was unique and did not change during 33 serial passages. MLVA genotyping may thus be useful for epidemiological monitoring of brucellosis, and for tracking the source(s) of infection. We suggest that countrywide application of MLVA genotyping would improve the control of brucellosis in Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kasim Mukanov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim Filipenko
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Igor Sytnik
- National Reference Center for Veterinary, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Marat Syzdykov
- Kazakh Scientific Center of Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases named by Masgut Aykimbayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrey Kuznetsov
- Kazakh Scientific Center of Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases named by Masgut Aykimbayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Assel Akhmetova
- National Reference Center for Veterinary, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mira Zharova
- National Reference Center for Veterinary, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Talgat Karibaev
- National Reference Center for Veterinary, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Erlan Ramanculov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
- School of Science and Technology Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Nagyzbekky E, Abitayeva G, Anuarbekov S, Shaikhina D, Li K, Shaikhin S, Almagambet K, Abzhalelov A, Saduakhass S, Kushugulov A, Marotta F. Investigation of Acid and Bile Tolerance, Antimicrobial Activity and Antibiotic Resistance of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Kazakh Dairy Foods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajaps.2016.143.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Shevtsov A, Ramanculov E, Shevtsova E, Kairzhanova A, Tarlykov P, Filipenko M, Dymova M, Abisheva G, Jailbekova A, Kamalova D, Chsherbakov A, Tulegenov S, Akhmetova A, Sytnik I, Karibaev T, Mukanov K. Genetic diversity of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in Kazakhstan using MLVA-16. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 34:173-80. [PMID: 26160544 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an endemic disease in Central Asia characterized by high infection rates in humans and animals. Currently, little is known about the genetic diversity of Brucella spp. circulating in the region, despite the high prevalence of brucellosis. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus strains circulating in the Republic of Kazakhstan. We genotyped 128 B. melitensis and 124 B. abortus strains collected in regions with the highest prevalence of brucellosis. Genotyping was performed using multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Analysis of a subset of 8 loci (MLVA-8) of 128 B. melitensis strains identified genotypes 42 (n=108), 43 (n=2), and 63 (n=19) related to the 'East Mediterranean' group. An MLVA-16 assay sorted 128 B. melitensis strains into 25 different genotypes. Excluding one variable locus, MLVA-15 of B. melitensis was distinct from strains originating in the Mediterranean region; however, 77% of them were identical to strains isolated in China. A minimum spanning tree for B. melitensis using MLVA-15 analysis clustered the local strains together with strains previously collected in China. MLVA-8 analysis of 124 B. abortus strains identified them as genotype 36, suggesting Eurasian distribution of this lineage. Complete MLVA-16 assay analysis clustered the strains into five genotypes, revealing little diversity of B. abortus when compared on the global scale. A minimum spanning tree for B. abortus obtained using MLVA-15 analysis clustered the 2 most prevalent genotypes (n=117) together with strains previously collected in China. Thus, MLVA analysis was used to characterize 252 strains of Brucella collected in Kazakhstan. The analysis revealed genetic homogeneity among the strains. Interestingly, identical MLVA-15 profiles were found in seemingly unrelated outbreaks in China, Turkey, and Kazakhstan. Further analysis is needed for better understanding of the epidemiology of brucellosis in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Shevtsov
- National Center for Biotechnology, 13/1 Valikhanov Str, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Erlan Ramanculov
- National Center for Biotechnology, 13/1 Valikhanov Str, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan; School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Elena Shevtsova
- National Center for Biotechnology, 13/1 Valikhanov Str, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Alma Kairzhanova
- National Center for Biotechnology, 13/1 Valikhanov Str, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Pavel Tarlykov
- National Center for Biotechnology, 13/1 Valikhanov Str, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Maxim Filipenko
- National Center for Biotechnology, 13/1 Valikhanov Str, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan; Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentev Str, 630000 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Maya Dymova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentev Str, 630000 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Gulzada Abisheva
- National Center for Biotechnology, 13/1 Valikhanov Str, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aygul Jailbekova
- National Reference Center for Veterinary, 22/3 150-let Abaya, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Kamalova
- National Center for Biotechnology, 13/1 Valikhanov Str, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrei Chsherbakov
- National Reference Center for Veterinary, 22/3 150-let Abaya, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Samat Tulegenov
- National Reference Center for Veterinary, 22/3 150-let Abaya, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Assel Akhmetova
- National Reference Center for Veterinary, 22/3 150-let Abaya, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Igor Sytnik
- National Reference Center for Veterinary, 22/3 150-let Abaya, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Talgat Karibaev
- National Reference Center for Veterinary, 22/3 150-let Abaya, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kasim Mukanov
- National Center for Biotechnology, 13/1 Valikhanov Str, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
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Valencia R, Arroyo LA, Conde M, Aldana JM, Torres MJ, Fernández-Cuenca F, Garnacho-Montero J, Cisneros JM, Ortiz C, Pachón J, Aznar J. Nosocomial Outbreak of Infection With Pan–Drug-ResistantAcinetobacter baumanniiin a Tertiary Care University Hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 30:257-63. [DOI: 10.1086/595977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective.TO describe what is, to our knowledge, the first nosocomial outbreak of infection with pan–drug-resistant (including colistin-resistant)Acinetobacter baumannii,to determine the risk factors associated with these types of infections, and to determine their clinical impact.Design.Nested case-control cohort study and a clinical-microbiological study.Setting.A 1,521-bed tertiary care university hospital in Seville, Spain.Patients.Case patients were inpatients who had a pan-drug-resistantA. baumanniiisolate recovered from a clinical or surveillance sample obtained at least 48 hours after admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) during the time of the epidemic outbreak. Control patients were patients who were admitted to any of the “boxes” (ie, rooms that partition off a distinct area for a patient's bed and the equipment needed to care for the patient) of an ICU for at least 48 hours during the time of the epidemic outbreak.Results.All the clinical isolates had similar antibiotic susceptibility patterns (ie, they were resistant to all the antibiotics tested, including Colistin), and, on the basis of repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction, it was determined that all of them were of the same clone. The previous use of quinolones and glycopeptides and an ICU stay were associated with the acquisition of infection or colonization with pan-drug-resistant A.baumannii.To control this outbreak, we implemented the following multicomponent intervention program: the performance of environmental decontamination of the ICUs involved, an environmental survey, a revision of cleaning protocols, active surveillance for colonization with pan-drug-resistantA. baumannii,educational programs for the staff, and the display of posters that illustrate contact isolation measures and antimicrobial use recommendations.Conclusions.We were not able to identify the common source for these cases of infection, but the adopted measures have proven to be effective at controlling the outbreak.
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del Valle Mendoza J, Silva Caso W, Tinco Valdez C, Pons MJ, del Valle LJ, Oré VC, Michelena DC, Mayra JB, Gavidea VZ, Vargas M, Ruiz J. Diagnosis of Carrion's disease by direct blood PCR in thin blood smear negative samples. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92283. [PMID: 24651298 PMCID: PMC3961319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella bacilliformis is the etiologic agent of Carrion's disease. This disease has two well established phases, the most relevant being the so called Oroya Fever, in which B. bacilliformis infect the erythrocytes resulting in severe anemia and transient immunosuppression, with a high lethality in the absence of adequate antibiotic treatment. The presence of B. bacilliformis was studied in 113 blood samples suspected of Carrion’s disease based on clinical criteria, despite the absence of a positive thin blood smear, by two different PCR techniques (using Bartonella-specific and universal 16S rRNA gene primers), and by bacterial culture. The specific 16S rRNA gene primers revealed the presence of 21 B. bacilliformis and 1 Bartonella elizabethae, while universal primers showed both the presence of 3 coinfections in which a concomitant pathogen was detected plus Bartonella, in addition to the presence of infections by other microorganisms such as Agrobacterium or Bacillus firmus. These data support the need to implement molecular tools to diagnose Carrion’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana del Valle Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
- * E-mail:
| | - Wilmer Silva Caso
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Maria J. Pons
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Verónica Casabona Oré
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Jorge Bazán Mayra
- Dirección Regional de Salud de Cajamarca (DIRESA-Cajamarca), Cajamarca, Peru
| | | | - Martha Vargas
- Fundación Clinic, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic i Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Ruiz
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
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Ho CM, Ho MW, Chi CY, Lin CD, Lin CW, Tseng SP, Teng LJ, Chang HY, Chang HL, Chang YF, Lin HH, Tien N, Lu JJ, Lai CH. Repeated colonization by multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex and changes in antimicrobial susceptibilities in surgical intensive care units. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2013; 14:43-8. [PMID: 23425282 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2012.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A nosocomial outbreak of multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (MDR-ACB) complex infection occurred in a newly constructed building at a 2,500-bed tertiary medical center in Taiwan. METHODS An investigation was carried out by molecular approaches to trace the bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibilities, risk factors, and the occurrence of nosocomial MDR-ACB infections were investigated. From January to December 2009, 53 patients were infected with MDR-ACB, and 23 environmental surveys were performed in two surgical intensive care units (ICUs) within the new building. Forty-two clinical isolates were obtained from patients and 22 samples from nine environmental surveys. RESULTS Forty clinical isolates (95.2%) and 18 environmental samples (81.8%) were positive for MDR-ACB of type A, the predominant outbreak strain. This strain was identical to that isolated in an outbreak in the old hospital in 2006, as proved by repetitive extragenic palindromic-based polymerase chain reaction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Although the outbreak isolates contained blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-51-like genes, analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibilities demonstrated increases in resistance to cefepime and imipenem-cilastatin in MDR-ACB isolated in the later outbreak. CONCLUSIONS Not only patients or healthcare workers, but also medical equipment, might have carried the predominant outbreak strain from the old district to the new building. Therefore, even in a new environment, infection control programs must be enforced continually, and healthcare providers must be educated repeatedly to prevent recurrent outbreaks of MDR-ACB infection in the hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Mao Ho
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in preterm infants are a challenge to the care of these fragile patients. HAI-incidence rates range from 6 to 27 infections per 1000 patient-days. Most nosocomial infections are bloodstream infections and of these, the majority is associated with the use of central venous catheters. Many studies identified parenteral nutrition as an independent risk factor for HAI, catheter-associated bloodstream infection, and clinical sepsis. This fact and various published outbreaks due to contaminated parenteral nutrition preparations highlight the importance of appropriate standards in the preparation and handling of intravenous solutions and parenteral nutrition. Ready-to-use parenteral nutrition formulations may provide additional safety in this context. However, there is concern that such formulations may result in overfeeding and necrotizing enterocolitis. Given the risk for catheter-associated infection, handling with parenteral nutrition should be minimized and the duration shortened. Further research is required about this topic.
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Cristina ML, Spagnolo AM, Ottria G, Sartini M, Orlando P, Perdelli F. Spread of multidrug carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in different wards of an Italian hospital. Am J Infect Control 2011; 39:790-4. [PMID: 21704428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2011.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) is an important cause of hospital acquired infection. We describe a 7-month outbreak of a MDRAB infection involving various wards of an Italian hospital and an investigation of the possible source of the infection was conducted. METHODS A baumannii was isolated from various biological samples from 22 colonized or infected patients, and was identified and characterized for its antibiotic sensitivity. Typing of A baumannii was performed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Investigation of the outbreak involved extensive microbiological sampling of the environment. RESULTS In 50% of cases the infection occurred in the ICU. Invasive procedures were performed in 63.6% of patients. The strain isolated proved to be resistant to all the antibiotics tested, including carbapenems, and displayed the same allelic profile in all patients. None of the 141 samples taken during environmental monitoring showed positivity for A baumannii. CONCLUSION The results of the present study reveal the importance of strict adherence to control measures by all health care personnel and highlight the fact that regular staff training and frequent revision of control measures are essential to the successful management of an outbreak.
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Shevtsov AB, Kushugulova AR, Tynybaeva IK, Kozhakhmetov SS, Abzhalelov AB, Momynaliev KT, Stoyanova LG. Identification of phenotypically and genotypically related Lactobacillus strains based on nucleotide sequence analysis of the groEL, rpoB, rplB, and 16S rRNA genes. Microbiology (Reading) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261711050134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Systematic review of invasive Acinetobacter infections in children. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2011; 21:83-8. [PMID: 21629616 DOI: 10.1155/2010/690715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinicians are generally familiar with Acinetobacter as an etiological agent for serious nosocomial infections in intensive care units. However, there are no previous reviews of the full spectrum of invasive infections in children. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was completed up to December 2008 for reports of invasive Acinetobacter infections in children. RESULTS There were 101 studies that met the inclusion criteria including 18 possible outbreaks, 33 case series and 49 case reports. Suspected outbreaks were concentrated in neonatal intensive care units (16 of 18 outbreaks) and involved bacteremia or meningitis. Proof of isolate clonality or identification of the source of the outbreak was seldom established. Case series were primarily of children younger than five years of age presenting with bacteremia (sometimes multiresistant), meningitis, endocarditis or endophthalmitis, with many community-acquired infections being reported from India. Case reports consisted of unique presentations of disease or the use of novel therapies. Attributable mortality in the outbreaks and case series combined was 68 of 469 (14.5%). DISCUSSION Invasive Acinetobacter infections in children usually manifest as bacteremia, meningitis or both, but can result in a wide variety of clinical presentations. Outbreaks are primarily a problem in newborns with underlying medical conditions. Most reports of community-acquired infections are from tropical countries. The study of the mechanism of colonization and infection of children in intensive care units and of neonates in tropical countries may provide some insight into prevention of invasive infections.
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Karah N, Haldorsen B, Hegstad K, Simonsen GS, Sundsfjord A, Samuelsen Ø. Species identification and molecular characterization of Acinetobacter spp. blood culture isolates from Norway. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:738-44. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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22
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del Valle LJ, Flores L, Vargas M, García-de-la-Guarda R, Quispe RL, Ibañez ZB, Alvarado D, Ramírez P, Ruiz J. Bartonella bacilliformis, endemic pathogen of the Andean region, is intrinsically resistant to quinolones. Int J Infect Dis 2010; 14:e506-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Genetic variability among ampC genes from acinetobacter genomic species 3. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 53:1177-84. [PMID: 19029333 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00485-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a part of a nationwide study in Spain, 15 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter genomic species 3 (AG3) were analyzed. The main objective of the study was to characterize the ampC genes from these isolates and to determine their involvement in beta-lactam resistance in AG3. The 15 AG3 isolates showed different profiles of resistance to ampicillin (range of MICs, 12 to >256 microg/ml). Nucleotide sequencing of the 15 ampC genes yielded 12 new AmpC enzymes (ADC-12 to ADC-23). The 12 AG3 enzymes showed 93.7 to 96.1% amino acid identity with respect to the AmpC enzyme from Acinetobacter baumannii (ADC-1 enzyme). Eight out of fifteen ampC genes were expressed in Escherichia coli cells under the control of a common promoter, and with the exception of one isolate (isolate 65, which showed lower beta-lactam MICs), significant differences in overall beta-lactam MICs for E. coli cells expressing AG3 ampC genes were not revealed. No significant differences in ampC gene expression in AG3 clinical isolates were revealed by reverse transcription-PCR analysis. A detailed analysis of the 12 AmpC protein sequences revealed that amino acid replacements (in comparison with those of ADC-1) occurred mainly in the same positions, although none were located in important functional domains such as the Omega- loop or conserved beta-lactamase motifs. Kinetic experiments performed with three representative AmpC enzymes (ADC-14, -16, and -18) in some cases revealed dramatic changes in K(m) and k(cat) values for beta-lactams. No ISAba1 was detected upstream of the ampC genes. Our results reveal 12 new ampC genes in AG3. The enzymes showed a moderate degree of variability, and they are tentatively named ADC-12 to ADC-23.
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Vila J, Pachón J. Therapeutic options for Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008; 9:587-99. [PMID: 18312160 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.9.4.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important cause of nosocomial infections, mainly in patients in intensive care units. This microorganism, although with slight differences depending on the country, presents resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, occasionally including resistance to colistin: hence, it can be considered the paradigm of nosocomial multiresistant bacteria. This review analyzes the evolution of antimicrobial resistance and the molecular bases associated with the increase in antimicrobial resistance, as well as the current treatment of Acinetobacter infections. Although controversy remains, the pooled data suggest that infections by A. baumannii may be associated with considerable attributable mortality. Moreover, in cases of pneumonia and bacteraemia, inappropriate treatment is associated with, among other factors, mortality. Therefore, treatment should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vila
- Hospital Clinic, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Villarroel, 170; 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Acinetobacter septicus sp. nov. association with a nosocomial outbreak of bacteremia in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 46:902-8. [PMID: 18160455 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01876-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter species other than Acinetobacter baumannii have rarely been reported to be associated with nosocomial outbreaks of bloodstream infections. Within a period of 1 week, seven Acinetobacter-like isolates were recovered from peripheral blood and catheter specimens of five patients at a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a tertiary hospital in Turkey. All five patients had placement of central venous catheters and had received total parenteral nutrition before the onset of bacteremia. Two of the five patients died. Medical devices, tap water, aerators, water samples, various surfaces, intravenous fluids, and the hands of health care workers in the NICU were sampled and were culture negative for the bacterium. All seven of the isolates had identical biochemical reactions, antimicrobial susceptibility results, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, indicating a clonal nosocomial outbreak. A panel of standard biochemical reaction profiles and three phenotypic commercial identification systems failed to identify these isolates. Phenotypically, the isolate differed from Acinetobacter ursingii by its hemolysis on sheep blood agar and its negative citrate utilization. Sequences of the full 16S rRNA gene, which contained at least three different gene copies with polymorphic sequences between nucleotide positions 70 and 206, were determined from the first recovered isolate. The complete 1,529- to 1,531-bp 16S rRNA gene sequences and partial 801-bp rpoB gene sequences had similarities of 99.5% and 97.2%, respectively, to an A. ursingii isolate. The DNA-DNA similarities of the strain against the type strain of A. ursingii were 64.7 and 68.7%, which were lower than the recommended threshold value of 70% for the definition of bacterial species. These data indicate that a novel Acinetobacter organism caused the nosocomial outbreak of bacteremia in the NICU unit. We propose the designation of Acinetobacter septicus sp. nov. for these isolates, with isolate AK001 as the type strain.
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Vila J, Martí S, Sánchez-Céspedes J. Porins, efflux pumps and multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59:1210-5. [PMID: 17324960 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkl509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen, causing infections mainly in patients in intensive care units where the extensive use of antimicrobial agents can select for the emergence of multiresistant strains. In fact, since strains resistant to all antimicrobial agents have been reported, A. baumannii is considered the paradigm of multiresistant bacteria. Both acquired and intrinsic resistance can contribute to multiresistance. The ability to acquire multidrug resistance can be due to either the acquisition of genetic elements carrying multiple resistant determinants or mutations affecting the expression of porins and/or efflux pump(s), which can affect unrelated antimicrobial agents. Meanwhile, intrinsic resistance can be generated by the interplay of decreased permeability and constitutive expression of active efflux systems and it too can affect unrelated antimicrobial agents. This review is focused on the current knowledge of porins and efflux pump(s) in this microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vila
- Servei de Microbiologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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