1
|
Odrzywolski A, Tüysüz B, Debeer P, Souche E, Voet A, Dimitrov B, Krzesińska P, Vermeesch JR, Tylzanowski P. Gollop-Wolfgang Complex Is Associated with a Monoallelic Variation in WNT11. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:129. [PMID: 38275609 PMCID: PMC10815061 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gollop-Wolfgang complex (GWC) is a rare congenital limb anomaly characterized by tibial aplasia with femur bifurcation, ipsilateral bifurcation of the thigh bone, and split hand and monodactyly of the feet, resulting in severe and complex limb deformities. The genetic basis of GWC, however, has remained elusive. We studied a three-generation family with four GWC-affected family members. An analysis of whole-genome sequencing results using a custom pipeline identified the WNT11 c.1015G>A missense variant associated with the phenotype. In silico modelling and an in vitro reporter assay further supported the link between the variant and GWC. This finding further contributes to mapping the genetic heterogeneity underlying split hand/foot malformations in general and in GWC specifically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Odrzywolski
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Philippe Debeer
- Locomotor and Neurological Disorders, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erika Souche
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnout Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Boyan Dimitrov
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paulina Krzesińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joris Robert Vermeesch
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chouery E, Tahan E, Karam R, Pharoun J, Mehawej C, Megarbane A. BHLHA9 homozygous duplication in a consanguineous family: A challenge for genetic counseling. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:923-929. [PMID: 36565049 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM) with long-bone deficiency (SHFLD) is a rare condition characterized by SHFM associated with long-bone malformation usually involving the tibia. It includes three different types; SHFLD1 (MIM % 119,100), SHFLD2 (MIM % 610,685) and SHFLD3 (MIM # 612576). The latter was shown to be the most commonly reported with a duplication in the 17p13.1p13.3 locus that was narrowed down to the BHLHA9 gene. Here, we report a consanguineous Lebanese family with three members presenting with limb abnormalities including tibial hemimelia. One of these patients presented with additional bowing fibula and another with bilateral split hand. CGH array analysis followed by RQ-PCR allowed us to detect the first homozygous duplication on the short arm of chromosome 17p13.3 including the BHLHA9 gene and involved in SHFLD3. Interestingly, one patient with the homozygous duplicated region, carrying thus four BHLHA9 copies presented with long bone deficiency but no SHFM. The incomplete penetrance and the variable expressivity of the disease in this family as well as the presence of the BHLHA9 homozygous duplication rendered genetic counseling extremely challenging and preimplantation genetic diagnosis almost impossible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Chouery
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Elio Tahan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Rim Karam
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Jana Pharoun
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Cybel Mehawej
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Andre Megarbane
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.,Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lai S, Zhang X, Feng L, He M, Wang S. The prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of chromosomal micro-duplication on 10q24.3 in a fetus: A case report and a brief review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22533. [PMID: 33080687 PMCID: PMC7571886 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Split-hand/split-foot malformation (SHFM), also known as ectrodactyly, is a congenital limb malformation affecting the central rays of the autopod extending to syndactyly, median clefts of the hands and feet, aplasia/hypoplasia of phalanges, metacarpals and metatarsals. Duplication of this 10q24 region is associated with SHFM3. While the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of SHFM makes the prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling more challenging and difficult. PATIENT CONCERNS A physically normal pregnant woman had a systemic ultrasound at the second trimester, only identified the deformity of both hands and feet on the fetus. DIAGNOSES The fetus was diagnosed as sporadic SHFM3. INTERVENTIONS After seeking advice from genetic counseling, she decided to terminate the pregnancy. The induction of infant was done after appearance of bipedal clefts, lobster-claw appearance and partial loss of phalanges and metacarpals, leaving behind 2nd finger in the left hand and the 5th in the right hand. Furthermore, collection of umbilical cord is recommended to this fetus for genome-wide detection. OUTCOMES An outcome of the gene detection from abortion shows that there is variation in copy number in genome of chromosome 1 and chromosome 10. LESSONS This case study confirms an association between SHFM3 and chromosomal micro-duplication on 10q24.3, and the extension of clinical spectrum of SHFM3. It also proposes some prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling to help in planning and management in affected pregnancy. This will reduce the congenital and development abnormalities in birth rate, as well as relive the economic, psychological, and physical burden to the affected families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Lai
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengzhou He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoshuai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Umair M, Hayat A. Nonsyndromic Split-Hand/Foot Malformation: Recent Classification. Mol Syndromol 2019; 10:243-254. [PMID: 32021595 DOI: 10.1159/000502784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a genetic limb anomaly disturbing the central rays of the autopod. SHFM is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with variable expressivity inherited as syndromic and nonsyndromic forms. We provide an update of the clinical and molecular aspects of nonsyndromic SHFM. This rare condition is highly complex due to the clinical variability and irregular genetic inheritance observed in the affected individuals. Nonsyndromic SHFM types have been reviewed in terms of major molecular genetic alterations reported to date. This updated overview will assist researchers, scientists, and clinicians in making an appropriate molecular diagnosis, providing an accurate recurrence risk assessment, and developing a management plan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Hayat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.,College of Medicine and Health, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The role of ultrasound and genetic counsel in prenatal diagnosis of split hand/foot malformation with long bone deficiency. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58:574-576. [PMID: 31307755 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the report is to highlight importance of careful ultrasound examination and genetic counsel in case of split hand/foot prenatal diagnosis. Evaluation of the accompanying long bone deficiency indicates that array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) should be used. CASE REPORT We present a prenatal diagnosis of split hand/foot malformation with long bone deficiency type 3 (SHFLD3) in a patient suffering from congenital limb anomalies but without previous molecular diagnosis. Genetic consultation and prenatal testing were offered. While karyotype was normal, aCGH revealed microduplication in locus 17p33.3. Microarray analysis was carried out also in pregnant patient and her asymptomatic mother and gave positive results on both. CONCLUSION Prenatal diagnosis of SHFLD3 either imaging or cytogenetic is possible. Both methods should be used to make a correct diagnosis. Due to reduced penetrance of SHFLD3 not all individuals carrying microduplication present clinical findings. Therefore, pedigree analysis and genetic counsel is important for whole family and not only for affected members. Advances in genetics may allow to establish exact diagnosis in previously undiagnosed patients.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shen Y, Si N, Liu Z, Liu F, Meng X, Zhang Y, Zhang X. 17p13.3 genomic rearrangement in a Chinese family with split-hand/foot malformation with long bone deficiency: report of a complicated duplication with marked variation in phenotype. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:106. [PMID: 29970136 PMCID: PMC6029155 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a genetically heterogeneous limb malformation with variable expressivity. SHFM with tibia or femur aplasia is called SHFM with long bone deficiency (SHFLD). 17p13.3 duplications containing BHLHA9 are associated with SHFLD. Cases with variable SHFLD phenotype and different 17p13.3 duplicated regions are reported. The severity of long bone defect could not be simply explained by BHLHA9 overdosage or 17p13.3 duplication. Methods A four-generation Chinese SHFM family was recruited. Three family members have long bone defects, one male was severely affected with hypoplasia or aplasia in three of four limbs. Linkage analysis and direct sequencing of candidate genes were used to exclude six responsible genes/loci for isolated SHFM. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was performed to detect copy number variations on a genome-wide scale, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were designed to validate the identified copy number variation in the index and other family members. Results No mutations were found in genes or loci linked to isolated SHFM. A ~ 966 kb duplication was identified in 17p13.3 by array CGH, in which BHLHA9 surrounding region presented as triplication. The qPCR assays confirmed the indicated 17p13.3 duplication as well as BHLHA9 triplication in all available affected family members and other two asymptomatic carriers. Given the incomplete penetrance in SHFLD, those two carriers were regarded as non-penetrant, which suggested that the genomic rearrangement was co-segregated with malformation in this family. Conclusions The present study reports an additional SHFLD family case with 17p13.3 genomic rearrangement. To our knowledge, the 966 kb genomic rearrangement is larger in size than any previously reported SHFLD-associated 17p13.3 duplication, and the present family shows marked phenotypic variability with two asymptomatic carriers and one patient with an extremely severe phenotype. This rare case provides the opportunity to identify underlying genotype-phenotype correlations between SHFLD and 17p13.3 genomic rearrangement. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0838-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Shen
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No.5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Nuo Si
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No.5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100073, China
| | - Fang Liu
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No.5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaolu Meng
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No.5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No.5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100073, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Umair M, Ullah A, Abbas S, Ahmad F, Basit S, Ahmad W. First direct evidence of involvement of a homozygous loss-of-function variant in the EPS15L1
gene underlying split-hand/split-foot malformation. Clin Genet 2018; 93:699-702. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - A. Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - S. Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - F. Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - S. Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases; Taibah University; Al Madinah Saudi Arabia
| | - W. Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sinha N, A. Seeley M, S. Horwitz D, Maniar H, H. Seeley A. Pediatric Orthogenomics: The Latest Trends and Controversies. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2017.2.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
9
|
Exome sequencing identifies a nonsense mutation in Fam46a associated with bone abnormalities in a new mouse model for skeletal dysplasia. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:111-21. [PMID: 26803617 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We performed exome sequencing for mutation discovery of an ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea)-derived mouse model characterized by significant elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in female and male mutant mice, originally named BAP014 (bone screen alkaline phosphatase #14). We identified a novel loss-of-function mutation within the Fam46a (family with sequence similarity 46, member A) gene (NM_001160378.1:c.469G>T, NP_001153850.1:p.Glu157*). Heterozygous mice of this mouse line (renamed Fam46a (E157*Mhda)) had significantly high ALP activities and apparently no other differences in morphology compared to wild-type mice. In contrast, homozygous Fam46a (E157*Mhda) mice showed severe morphological and skeletal abnormalities including short stature along with limb, rib, pelvis, and skull deformities with minimal trabecular bone and reduced cortical bone thickness in long bones. ALP activities of homozygous mutants were almost two-fold higher than in heterozygous mice. Fam46a is weakly expressed in most adult and embryonic tissues with a strong expression in mineralized tissues as calvaria and femur. The FAM46A protein is computationally predicted as a new member of the superfamily of nucleotidyltransferase fold proteins, but little is known about its function. Fam46a (E157*Mhda) mice are the first mouse model for a mutation within the Fam46a gene.
Collapse
|
10
|
Alam I, Koller DL, Cañete T, Blázquez G, Mont-Cardona C, López-Aumatell R, Martínez-Membrives E, Díaz-Morán S, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A, Stridh P, Diez M, Olsson T, Johannesson M, Baud A, Econs MJ, Foroud T. Fine mapping of bone structure and strength QTLs in heterogeneous stock rat. Bone 2015; 81:417-426. [PMID: 26297441 PMCID: PMC4641024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that skeletal structure and strength phenotypes vary considerably in heterogeneous stock (HS) rats. These phenotypes were found to be strongly heritable, suggesting that the HS rat model represents a unique genetic resource for dissecting the complex genetic etiology underlying bone fragility. The purpose of this study was to identify and localize genes associated with bone structure and strength phenotypes using 1524 adult male and female HS rats between 17 to 20 weeks of age. Structure measures included femur length, neck width, head width; femur and lumbar spine (L3-5) areas obtained by DXA; and cross-sectional areas (CSA) at the midshaft, distal femur and femoral neck, and the 5th lumbar vertebra measured by CT. In addition, measures of strength of the whole femur and femoral neck were obtained. Approximately 70,000 polymorphic SNPs distributed throughout the rat genome were selected for genotyping, with a mean linkage disequilibrium coefficient between neighboring SNPs of 0.95. Haplotypes were estimated across the entire genome for each rat using a multipoint haplotype reconstruction method, which calculates the probability of descent at each locus from each of the 8 HS founder strains. The haplotypes were then tested for association with each structure and strength phenotype via a mixed model with covariate adjustment. We identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for structure phenotypes on chromosomes 3, 8, 10, 12, 17 and 20, and QTLs for strength phenotypes on chromosomes 5, 10 and 11 that met a conservative genome-wide empiric significance threshold (FDR=5%; P<3×10(-6)). Importantly, most QTLs were localized to very narrow genomic regions (as small as 0.3 Mb and up to 3 Mb), each harboring a small set of candidate genes, both novel and previously shown to have roles in skeletal development and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imranul Alam
- Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA.
| | - Daniel L Koller
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Toni Cañete
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Blázquez
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Mont-Cardona
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Esther Martínez-Membrives
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sira Díaz-Morán
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, S171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarita Diez
- Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, S171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, S171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Johannesson
- Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Neuroimmunolgy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, S171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amelie Baud
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Econs
- Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA; Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gurrieri F, Everman DB. Clinical, genetic, and molecular aspects of split-hand/foot malformation: an update. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2860-72. [PMID: 24115638 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We here provide an update on the clinical, genetic, and molecular aspects of split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM). This rare condition, affecting 1 in 8,500-25,000 newborns, is extremely complex because of its variability in clinical presentation, irregularities in its inheritance pattern, and the heterogeneity of molecular genetic alterations that can be found in affected individuals. Both syndromal and nonsyndromal forms are reviewed and the major molecular genetic alterations thus far reported in association with SHFM are discussed. This updated overview should be helpful for clinicians in their efforts to make an appropriate clinical and genetic diagnosis, provide an accurate recurrence risk assessment, and formulate a management plan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Gurrieri
- Istituto di Genetica Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Digenic inheritance (DI) is the simplest form of inheritance for genetically complex diseases. By contrast with the thousands of reports that mutations in single genes cause human diseases, there are only dozens of human disease phenotypes with evidence for DI in some pedigrees. The advent of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has made it simpler to identify monogenic disease causes and could similarly simplify proving DI because one can simultaneously find mutations in two genes in the same sample. However, through 2012, I could find only one example of human DI in which HTS was used; in that example, HTS found only the second of the two genes. To explore the gap between expectation and reality, I tried to collect all examples of human DI with a narrow definition and characterise them according to the types of evidence collected, and whether there has been replication. Two strong trends are that knowledge of candidate genes and knowledge of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) have been helpful in most published examples of human DI. By contrast, the positional method of genetic linkage analysis, has been mostly unsuccessful in identifying genes underlying human DI. Based on the empirical data, I suggest that combining HTS with growing networks of established PPIs may expedite future discoveries of human DI and strengthen the evidence for them.
Collapse
|
13
|
Split-hand/foot malformation with long-bone deficiency and BHLHA9 duplication: two cases and expansion of the phenotype to radial agenesis. Eur J Med Genet 2012. [PMID: 23202277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM) with long-bone deficiency (SHFLD, MIM#119100) is a rare condition characterised by SHFM associated with long-bone malformation usually involving the tibia. Previous published data reported several unrelated patients with 17p13.3 duplication and SHFLD. Recently, BHLHA9 has been proposed to be the major candidate gene responsible for this limb malformation. Here we report two new patients affected with ectrodactyly harbouring a 17p13.3 duplication detected by array-CGH. Both duplications contain 3 genes including BHLHA9 and are inherited from an unaffected parent. One of the patients presents a complete radial agenesis, expanding the phenotype of SHFLD3.
Collapse
|
14
|
17p13.3 microduplications are associated with split-hand/foot malformation and long-bone deficiency (SHFLD). Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 19:1144-51. [PMID: 21629300 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Split-hand/foot malformation with long-bone deficiency (SHFLD) is a relatively rare autosomal-dominant skeletal disorder, characterized by variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. Although several chromosomal loci for SHFLD have been identified, the molecular basis and pathogenesis of most SHFLD cases are unknown. In this study we describe three unrelated kindreds, in which SHFLD segregated with distinct but overlapping duplications in 17p13.3, a region previously linked to SHFLD. In a large three-generation family, the disorder was found to segregate with a 254 kb microduplication; a second microduplication of 527 kb was identified in an affected female and her unaffected mother, and a 430 kb microduplication versus microtriplication was identified in three affected members of a multi-generational family. These findings, along with previously published data, suggest that one locus responsible for this form of SHFLD is located within a 173 kb overlapping critical region, and that the copy gains are incompletely penetrant.
Collapse
|
15
|
Amir EAD, Bartal O, Morad E, Nagar T, Sheynin J, Parvari R, Chalifa-Caspi V. KinSNP software for homozygosity mapping of disease genes using SNP microarrays. Hum Genomics 2011; 4:394-401. [PMID: 20846928 PMCID: PMC3525221 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-4-6-394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Consanguineous families affected with a recessive genetic disease caused by homozygotisation of a mutation offer a unique advantage for positional cloning of rare diseases. Homozygosity mapping of patient genotypes is a powerful technique for the identification of the genomic locus harbouring the causing mutation. This strategy relies on the observation that in these patients a large region spanning the disease locus is also homozygous with high probability. The high marker density in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays is extremely advantageous for homozygosity mapping. We present KinSNP, a user-friendly software tool for homozygosity mapping using SNP arrays. The software searches for stretches of SNPs which are homozygous to the same allele in all ascertained sick individuals. User-specified parameters control the number of allowed genotyping 'errors' within homozygous blocks. Candidate disease regions are then reported in a detailed, coloured Excel file, along with genotypes of family members and healthy controls. An interactive genome browser has been included which shows homozygous blocks, individual genotypes, genes and further annotations along the chromosomes, with zooming and scrolling capabilities. The software has been used to identify the location of a mutated gene causing insensitivity to pain in a large Bedouin family. KinSNP is freely available from http://bioinfo.bgu.ac.il/bsu/software/kinSNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- El-Ad David Amir
- Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Al-Gazali L, Ali BR. Mutations of a country: a mutation review of single gene disorders in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Hum Mutat 2010; 31:505-20. [PMID: 20437613 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The United Arab Emirates inhabitants are ethnically diverse, with ancestries from Arabia, Persia, Baluchistan, and Africa. However, the majority of the current five million inhabitants are expatriates from the Asian subcontinent, Middle Eastern, African, and European countries. Consanguineous marriages within most UAE subpopulations are still the norm, leading to the formation of isolates and higher frequencies of recessive conditions. The UAE is ranked sixth in terms of prevalence of birth defects, with more than 270 genetic disorders reported in the national population. The UAE has high frequencies of blood disorders including thalassemias, sickle cell disease, and G6PD. In addition, certain genetic conditions are relatively common including cystic fibrosis, Joubert, and Meckel syndromes. Furthermore, numerous rare congenital malformations and metabolic disorders have been reported. We review the single gene disorders that have been studied at the molecular level in the UAE (which currently stand at 76) and compile the mutations found. Several novel (p.S2439fs) mutations have been reported including c.7317delA in NF1, c.5C>T (p.A2V) in DKC1, c.1766T>A (p.I589N) in TP63, and c.2117G>T (p.R706L) in VLDLR. We hope that this review will form the basis to establish a UAE mutations database and serve as a model for the collection of mutations of a country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihadh Al-Gazali
- Departments of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Historical note: an analysis of a 17th century illustration of a child with split hand/split foot malformation. J Child Orthop 2010; 4:105-6. [PMID: 21455467 PMCID: PMC2839860 DOI: 10.1007/s11832-009-0235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In one of Philipp Jakob Sachs von Lewenhaimb's (1627-1672) books, one may find perhaps the first illustration of a child with the split hand/split foot malformation. A short historical note and some clinical genetic data are given.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kitaoka T, Namba N, Kim JY, Kubota T, Miura K, Miyoshi Y, Hirai H, Kogo M, Ozono K. A Japanese male patient with 'fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia and oligodactyly': an additional case report. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2009; 18:81-6. [PMID: 23926365 PMCID: PMC3687608 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.18.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a male infant with FATCO syndrome, an acronym for fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly. Courtens et al. reported an infant with oligosyndactyly of the left hand, complete absence of the right fibula, bowing of the right tibia, and absence of the right fifth metatarsal and phalanges. They noted 5 patients with similar clinical features, and proposed the FATCO syndrome. Our patient had a left-sided cleft lip, cleft palate, oligosyndactyly of the right hand and bilateral feet, and bilateral anterior bowing of the limbs associated with overlying skin dimpling. Radiographs showed a short angulated tibia with left fibular aplasia and right fibular hypoplasia. We consider our case the 6th patient with FATCO syndrome, and the cleft lip and palate, not reported in the previous 5 patients, may allow us to further understand the development of the extremities and facies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Kitaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Forzano F, Viassolo V, Castagnetta M, Cavani S, Battistuzzi L, Garbati E, Emiliozzi MC, Cecchi A, Faravelli F, Lituania M. Prenatal diagnosis of Gollop-Wolfgang Complex. Prenat Diagn 2009; 29:724-6. [PMID: 19353531 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
20
|
Niedrist D, Lurie IW, Schinzel A. 4q32-q35 and 6q16-q22 are valuable candidate regions for split hand/foot malformation. Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17:1086-91. [PMID: 19223930 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of the Human Cytogenetic Database, a computerized catalog of the clinical phenotypes associated with cytogenetically detectable human chromosome aberrations, we collected from the literature 102 cases with chromosomal aberrations and split hand/foot malformation or absent fingers/toes. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant association (P<0.001) between the malformation and the chromosomal bands 4q32-q35, 5q15, 6q16-q22 and 7q11.2-q22 (SHFM1). Considering these findings, we suggest additional SHFM loci on chromosome 4q, 6q and probably 5q. The regions 4q and 6q have already been discussed in the literature as additional SHFM loci. We now show further evidence. In the proposed regions, there are interesting candidate genes such as, on 4q: HAND2, FGF2, LEF1 and BMPR1B; on 5q: MSX2, FLT4, PTX1 and PDLIM7; and on 6q: SNX3, GJA1, HEY2 and Tbx18.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Niedrist
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
David D, Marques B, Ferreira C, Vieira P, Corona-Rivera A, Ferreira JC, van Bokhoven H. Characterization of two ectrodactyly-associated translocation breakpoints separated by 2.5 Mb on chromosome 2q14.1-q14.2. Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17:1024-33. [PMID: 19223936 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Split hand-split foot malformation or ectrodactyly is a heterogeneous congenital defect of digit formation. The aim of this study is the mapping of the breakpoints and a detailed molecular characterization of the candidate genes for an isolated and syndromic form of ectrodactyly, both associated with de novo apparently balanced chromosome translocations involving the same chromosome 2 band, [t(2;11)(q14.2;q14.2)] and [t(2;4)(q14.1;q35)], respectively. Breakpoints were mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization using bacterial artificial chromosome clones. Where possible, these breakpoints were further delimited. Candidate genes were screened for pathogenic mutations and the expression levels of two of them analysed. The isolated bilateral split foot malformation-associated chromosome 2 breakpoint was localized at 120.9 Mb, between the two main candidate genes, encoding GLI-Kruppel family member GLI2 and inhibin-betaB. The second breakpoint associated with holoprosencephaly, hypertelorism and ectrodactyly syndrome was mapped 2.5 Mb proximal at 118.4 Mb and the candidate genes identified from this region were the insulin-induced protein 2 and the homeobox protein engrailed-1. No clear pathogenic mutations were identified in any of these genes. The breakpoint between INHBB and GLI2 coincides with a previously identified translocation breakpoint associated with ectrodactyly. We propose a mechanism by which translocations in the 2q14.1-q14.2 region disrupt the specific arrangement of long-range regulatory elements that control the tight quantitative spatiotemporal expression of one or more genes from the breakpoint region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dezso David
- Department of Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mendilcioglu I, Mihci E, Pestereli E, Simsek M. Prenatal diagnosis of Gollop-Wolfgang complex (tibial agenesis and femoral bifurcation). Prenat Diagn 2009; 29:182-6. [PMID: 19180625 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inanc Mendilcioglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ghanem I. Epidemiology, etiology, and genetic aspects of reduction deficiencies of the lower limb. J Child Orthop 2008; 2:329-32. [PMID: 19308564 PMCID: PMC2656849 DOI: 10.1007/s11832-008-0098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the majority of lower limb deficiencies are of sporadic occurrence and of unknown etiology, genetic factors are involved in a significant number, with variable modes of inheritance. A better-informed public is demanding advice concerning cause and recurrence. Careful scrutiny of the medical history and family tree and attention to phenotypic details may help to delineate entities. At times, specific chromosomal tests are important, mainly when there is bilateral or multiorgan involvement or when limb deficiency is associated with developmental delay and/or mental retardation. This paper is intended to refamiliarize the orthopaedic community with basic genetic aspects regulating reduction deficiencies of the lower limbs, and to emphasize on the importance and indications of genetic counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismat Ghanem
- Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Achrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ugur SA, Tolun A. Homozygous WNT10b mutation and complex inheritance in Split-Hand/Foot Malformation. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:2644-53. [PMID: 18515319 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Split-Hand/Foot Malformation (SHFM) is a complex limb malformation affecting the central rays of the autopod. We studied a large consanguineous kindred afflicted with autosomal recessive SHFM. Twelve affected members had central feet reductions with or without hand involvement while the remaining one had the mildest phenotype and atypical SHFM. We identified by homozygosity mapping a novel SHFM locus at 12q13.11-q13 with a maximum multipoint lod score of 5.47 and by subsequent candidate gene approach a homozygous missense WNT10b mutation (p.R332W) in all affected individuals but the atypical case plus in an asymptomatic female. We propose that either a second locus contributes to the manifestation of SHFM phenotype or a suppressor locus prevented trait manifestation in the non-penetrant female. We also investigated linkage to the five known SHFM loci. Four of the loci were excluded, while in TP63 [tumor protein p63 (SHFM4)], the only known gene responsible for SHFM, we detected in most affected subjects a rare insertion variant (rs34201045) at the alternate promoter used for transcription of the N-terminal-truncated p63 isotype. This is the first reported WNT10b mutation on the pathogenesis of limb development and recessive mutation in SHFM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Aylin Ugur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boaziçi University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lezirovitz K, Maestrelli SRP, Cotrim NH, Otto PA, Pearson PL, Mingroni-Netto RC. A novel locus for split-hand/foot malformation associated with tibial hemimelia (SHFLD syndrome) maps to chromosome region 17p13.1–17p13.3. Hum Genet 2008; 123:625-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
26
|
Babbs C, Heller R, Everman DB, Crocker M, Twigg SRF, Schwartz CE, Giele H, Wilkie AOM. A new locus for split hand/foot malformation with long bone deficiency (SHFLD) at 2q14.2 identified from a chromosome translocation. Hum Genet 2007; 122:191-9. [PMID: 17569090 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-007-0390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) with long bone deficiency (SHFLD) is a distinct entity in the spectrum of ectrodactylous limb malformations characterised by associated tibial a/hypoplasia. Pedigrees with multiple individuals affected by SHFLD often include non-penetrant intermediate relatives, making genetic mapping difficult. Here we report a sporadic patient with SHFLD who carries a de novo chromosomal translocation t(2;18)(q14.2;p11.2). Characterisation of the breakpoints revealed that neither disrupts any known gene; however, the chromosome 2 breakpoint lies between GLI2 and INHBB, two genes known to be involved in limb development. To investigate whether mutation of a gene in proximity to the chromosome 2 breakpoint underlies the SHFLD, we sought independent evidence of mutations in GLI2, INHBB and two other genes (RALB and FLJ14816) in 44 unrelated patients with SHFM, SHFLD or isolated long bone deficiency. No convincing pathogenic mutations were found, raising the possibility that a long-range cis acting regulatory element may be disrupted by this translocation. The previous description of a translocation with a 2q14.2 breakpoint associated with ectrodactyly, and the mapping of the ectrodactylous Dominant hemimelia mouse mutation to a region of homologous synteny, suggests that 2q14.2 represents a novel locus for SHFLD.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Southern
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Computational Biology
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Foot Deformities, Congenital/genetics
- Foot Deformities, Congenital/pathology
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/genetics
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/pathology
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Tibia/abnormalities
- Tibia/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Babbs
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|