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Ding W, Li R, Song T, Yang Z, Xu D, Huang C, Shen S, Zhong N, Lai K, Deng Z. AMG487 alleviates influenza A (H1N1) virus-induced pulmonary inflammation through decreasing IFN-γ-producing lymphocytes and IFN-γ concentrations. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2053-2069. [PMID: 38500396 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Severe influenza virus-infected patients have high systemic levels of Th1 cytokines (including IFN-γ). Intrapulmonary IFN-γ increases pulmonary IFN-γ-producing T lymphocytes through the CXCR3 pathway. Virus-infected mice lacking IP-10/CXCR3 demonstrate lower pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. AMG487, an IP-10/CXCR3 antagonist, ameliorates virus-induced lung injury in vivo through decreasing viral loads. This study examined whether AMG487 could treat H1N1 virus-induced mouse illness through reducing viral loads or decreasing the number of lymphocytes or neutrophils. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Here, we studied the above-mentioned effects and underlying mechanisms in vivo. KEY RESULTS H1N1 virus infection caused bad overall condition and pulmonary inflammation characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils. From Day-5 to Day-10 post-virus infection, bad overall condition, pulmonary lymphocytes, and IFN-γ concentrations increased, while pulmonary H1N1 viral titres and neutrophils decreased. Both anti-IFN-γ and AMG487 alleviated virus infection-induced bad overall condition and pulmonary lymphocytic inflammation. Pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation was mitigated by AMG487 on Day-5 post-infection, but was not mitigated by AMG487 on Day-10 post-infection. H1N1 virus induced increases of IFN-γ, IP-10, and IFN-γ-producing lymphocytes and activation of the Jak2-Stat1 pathways in mouse lungs, which were inhibited by AMG487. Anti-IFN-γ decreased IFN-γ and IFN-γ-producing lymphocytes on Day-5 post-infection. AMG487 but not anti-IFN-γ decreased viral titres in mouse lung homogenates or BALF. Higher virus load did not increase pulmonary inflammation and IFN-γ concentrations when mice were treated with AMG487. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS AMG487 may ameliorate H1N1 virus-induced pulmonary inflammation through decreasing IFN-γ-producing lymphocytes rather than reducing viral loads or neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuirong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kefang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Vijayakumar P, Mishra A, Deka RP, Pinto SM, Subbannayya Y, Sood R, Prasad TSK, Raut AA. Proteomics Analysis of Duck Lung Tissues in Response to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1288. [PMID: 39065055 PMCID: PMC11278641 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) are resistant to most of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections. In this study, we characterized the lung proteome and phosphoproteome of ducks infected with the HPAI H5N1 virus (A/duck/India/02CA10/2011/Agartala) at 12 h, 48 h, and 5 days post-infection. A total of 2082 proteins were differentially expressed and 320 phosphorylation sites mapping to 199 phosphopeptides, corresponding to 129 proteins were identified. The functional annotation of the proteome data analysis revealed the activation of the RIG-I-like receptor and Jak-STAT signaling pathways, which led to the induction of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. The pathway analysis of the phosphoproteome datasets also confirmed the activation of RIG-I, Jak-STAT signaling, NF-kappa B signaling, and MAPK signaling pathways in the lung tissues. The induction of ISG proteins (STAT1, STAT3, STAT5B, STAT6, IFIT5, and PKR) established a protective anti-viral immune response in duck lung tissue. Further, the protein-protein interaction network analysis identified proteins like AKT1, STAT3, JAK2, RAC1, STAT1, PTPN11, RPS27A, NFKB1, and MAPK1 as the main hub proteins that might play important roles in disease progression in ducks. Together, the functional annotation of the proteome and phosphoproteome datasets revealed the molecular basis of the disease progression and disease resistance mechanism in ducks infected with the HPAI H5N1 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Vijayakumar
- Pathogenomics Laboratory, WOAH Reference Lab for Avian Influenza, ICAR—National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India; (P.V.); (A.M.); (R.S.)
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Salem 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anamika Mishra
- Pathogenomics Laboratory, WOAH Reference Lab for Avian Influenza, ICAR—National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India; (P.V.); (A.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Ram Pratim Deka
- International Livestock Research Institute, National Agricultural Science Complex, Pusa 110012, New Delhi, India;
| | - Sneha M. Pinto
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India; (S.M.P.); (Y.S.)
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India; (S.M.P.); (Y.S.)
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Richa Sood
- Pathogenomics Laboratory, WOAH Reference Lab for Avian Influenza, ICAR—National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India; (P.V.); (A.M.); (R.S.)
| | | | - Ashwin Ashok Raut
- Pathogenomics Laboratory, WOAH Reference Lab for Avian Influenza, ICAR—National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal 462022, Madhya Pradesh, India; (P.V.); (A.M.); (R.S.)
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3
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Mittal P, Khandelwal N, Chander Y, Verma A, Kumar R, Putatunda C, Barua S, Gulati BR, Kumar N. p38-MAPK is prerequisite for the synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 protein. Virusdisease 2024; 35:329-337. [PMID: 39071879 PMCID: PMC11269555 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) by small molecule chemical inhibitors was previously shown to impair severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication, however, mechanisms underlying antiviral activity remains unexplored. In this study, reduced growth of SARS-CoV-2 in p38-α knockout Vero cells, together with enhanced viral yield in cells transfected with construct expressing p38α, suggested that p38-MAPK is essential for the propagation of SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 was also shown to induce phosphorylation (activation) of p38, at time when transcription/translational activities are considered to be at the peak levels. Further, we demonstrated that p38 supports viral RNA/protein synthesis without affecting viral attachment, entry, and budding in the target cells. In conclusion, we provide mechanistic insights on the regulation of SARS-CoV-2 replication by p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyasi Mittal
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
- Om Sterling Global University (OSGU), Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Yogesh Chander
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Assim Verma
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Ram Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | | | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Baldev Raj Gulati
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
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Li L, Li P, Chen A, Li H, Liu Z, Yu L, Hou X. Quantitative proteomic analysis shows involvement of the p38 MAPK pathway in bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 replication. Virol J 2022; 19:116. [PMID: 35831876 PMCID: PMC9281021 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) infection often causes respiratory tissue damage and immunosuppression and further results in bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), one of the major diseases in dairy cattle, caused huge economical losses every year. However, the pathogenetic and immunoregulatory mechanisms involved in the process of BPIV3 infection remain unknown. However, the pathogenetic and immunoregulatory mechanisms involved in the process of BPIV3 infection remain unknown. Proteomics is a powerful tool for high-throughput identification of proteins, which has been widely used to understand how viruses interact with host cells. METHODS In the present study, we report a proteomic analysis to investigate the whole cellular protein alterations of MDBK cells infected with BPIV3. To investigate the infection process of BPIV3 and the immune response mechanism of MDBK cells, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation analysis (iTRAQ) and Q-Exactive mass spectrometry-based proteomics were performed. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in the BPIV3 invasion process in MDBK cells were identified, annotated, and quantitated. RESULTS A total of 116 proteins, which included 74 upregulated proteins and 42 downregulated proteins, were identified as DEPs between the BPIV3-infected and the mock-infected groups. These DEPs included corresponding proteins related to inflammatory response, immune response, and lipid metabolism. These results might provide some insights for understanding the pathogenesis of BPIV3. Fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blotting analysis showed results consistent with those of iTRAQ identification. Interestingly, the upregulated protein MKK3 was associated with the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The results of proteomics analysis indicated BPIV3 infection could activate the p38 MAPK pathway to promote virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Li
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.,Daqing Center of Inspection and Testing for Rural Affairs Agricultural Products and Processed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Liyun Yu
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Xilin Hou
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
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5
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Lui G, Wong CK, Chan M, Chong KC, Wong R, Chu I, Zhang M, Li T, Hui D, Lee N, Chan P. Host inflammatory response is the major marker of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in older adults. J Infect 2021; 83:686-692. [PMID: 34614399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to study the viral kinetics and host inflammatory response of RSV infection in older adults, and their correlation with disease severity. METHODS We performed a prospective observational study in adults with RSV infection. We serially collected nasal-throat swabs for quantification of RSV-A and RSV-B viral load, and peripheral blood samples for measurement of cytokine/chemokine concentrations. The study endpoints were (i) requiring supplemental oxygen therapy, and (ii) non-invasive ventilation, intensive care, or died within 30 days of admission. We performed multivariable logistic regression models to identify independent variables for severe disease. RESULTS We enrolled 71 hospitalized patients and 10 outpatients treated for RSV infection (median age 75 years, 51% male, and 74% with comorbidities). Among hospitalized patients, 61% required supplemental oxygen therapy, and 18% had severe disease requiring non-invasive ventilation or intensive care, or died within 30 days. Inflammatory cytokine/chemokines IL-6, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/MIG and CXCL10/IP-10 increased significantly during the acute phase of illness. IL-6 concentration was independently associated with severe disease after adjusting for confounding factors. RSV viral load was not associated with disease severity throughout the course of illness. CONCLUSION Host inflammatory response is a major marker of severe disease in older adults with RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - C K Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - M Chan
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K C Chong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Centre for Health System and Policy Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - R Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - I Chu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - T Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Dsc Hui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - N Lee
- Institute for Pandemics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Pks Chan
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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6
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Wang B, Su Q, Luo J, Li M, Wu Q, Chang H, Du J, Huang C, Ma J, Han S, Yuan G, He Y, Guo M, Zhang Q, He H. Differences in Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Viral Pathogenicity and Inflammatory Response in Chickens and Ducks. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:593202. [PMID: 33584608 PMCID: PMC7878534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.593202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus caused high mortality in chickens, while ducks often appear to be asymptomatic. But, some recent H5Nx subtype viruses could cause high mortality in ducks. The variation between different species and the mechanisms by which some H5Nx viruses cause death in ducks requires investigation to identify the key processes in influenza susceptibility and pathogenesis. Here, we characterized two representative H5N6 viruses, A/Pavo cristatus/Jiangxi/JA1/2016 (JA1) and A/Anas crecca/shanghai/SH1/2016 (SH1), and compared their pathogenicity and expression profiles of immune-related genes in chickens and ducks to identify the elements of the host immune-related response that were involved in disease lethality. Results suggested that H5N6 HPAIVs had higher pathogenic and inflammatory effect in chickens than in ducks. Importantly, the TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ and iNOS levels were significantly higher in the lung of SH1 infected chickens compared to those of ducks. And we found higher systemic levels of IL-6 induced by JA1 in chickens than in ducks. In addition, our experiments demonstrated that JA1 was associated with greater pathogenicity in ducks were accompanied by the excessive expression of iNOS in the brain. These results are helpful to understand the relationship between the pathogenicity of H5N6 AIVs and inflammatory responses to them in chickens and ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Su
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoxing Wu
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Chang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengmei Huang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Ma
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Han
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Yuan
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yapeng He
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minglei Guo
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxun Zhang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li J, Jie X, Liang X, Chen Z, Xie P, Pan X, Zhou B, Li J. Sinensetin suppresses influenza a virus-triggered inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs signalings. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:135. [PMID: 32370749 PMCID: PMC7200050 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human respiratory system infected with influenza A virus (IAV) elicited a robust pro-inflammatory response that resulted in severe illness and even death. Currently, limited immunomodulator is available to counteract IAV-associated pneumonia in the clinic. Sinensetin, a polymethoxylated flavone with five methoxy groups, has been found to possess anti-agiogenesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. However, the effects of sinensetin on IAV-triggered pro-inflammatory response remain unclear. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects and corresponding possible mechanism of sinensetin in IAV-infected A549 cells were subjected to investigations. Methods The cytotoxic effects of sinensetin towards A549 cells was detected by MTT and LDH assays. The antiviral activity of sinensetin against influenza A virus was assayed in A549 cells with an engineered replication-competent influenza A virus carrying Gaussia luciferase reporter gene infection. The effect of sinensetin on influenza A virus-triggered inflammatory reaction was determined by qRT-PCR, Luminex assays, ELISA and Western blot. Results Our results showed that sinensetin did not exhibit antiviral activity against A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). Meanwhile, sinensetin treatment significantly decreased IAV-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators at mRNA and protein levels, including IL-6, TNF-α, IP-10, IL-8 and MCP-1. Additionally, levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the downstream product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) up-regulated by IAV infection were dramatically suppressed by sinensetin. The mechanistic investigation revealed that sinensetin treatment suppressed the NF-κB transcriptional activity using the NF-κB reporter stable HEK293 cell line stimulated with TNF-α (20 ng/mL) or influenza H1N1 virus. Furthermore, sinensetin abrogated influenza H1N1 virus-induced activation of NF-κB, ERK1/2 MAPK and p38 MAPK signalings. Conclusion Collectively, our results indicated that sinensetin has potential capacity to attenuate IAV-triggered pro-inflammatory response via inactivation of NF-κB, ERK1/2 MAPK and p38 MAPK signalings, which implied that sinensetin may be a promising candidate drug for influenza H1N1 virus infection therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Li
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Huadu, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510800, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Jie
- Huizhou third people's hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 516002, China
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Peifang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiping Pan
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Beixian Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, 525200, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P.R. China.
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Ishaqui AA, Khan AH, Sulaiman SAS, Alsultan MT, Khan I, Naqvi AA. Assessment of efficacy of Oseltamivir-Azithromycin combination therapy in prevention of Influenza-A (H1N1)pdm09 infection complications and rapidity of symptoms relief. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:533-541. [PMID: 32053044 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1730180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of oseltamivir-Azithromycin combination therapy for prevention of Influenza-A (H1N1)pdm09 infection associated complications and early relief of influenza symptoms.Methods: In a retrospective observational cohort study, Influenza-A (H1N1)pdm09 infection hospitalized patients were identified and divided into two groups based on the initial therapy. Group-AV patients were initiated on Oseltamivir without any antibiotic in treatment regimen while Group-AV+AZ patients were initiated on Oseltamivir and Azithromycin combination therapy for at least 3-5 days. Patients were evaluated for different clinical outcomes.Results: A total of 227 and 102 patients were identified for Group-AV and Group-AV+AZ respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that incidences of secondary bacterial infections were significantly less frequent (23.4% vs 10.4%; P-value = 0.019) in Group-AV+AZ patients. Group-AV+AZ patients were associated with shorter length of hospitalization (6.58 vs 5.09 days; P-value = <0.0001) and less frequent incidences of respiratory support (38.3% vs 17.6%; P-value = 0.016). Overall influenza symptom severity score was statistically significant less for Group-AV+AZ patients on Day-5 (10.68 ± 2.09; P-value = 0.001) of hospitalization.Conclusion: Oseltamivir-Azithromycin combination therapy was found to be more efficacious as compared to oseltamivir alone in rapid recovery and prevention of Influenza associated complications especially in high risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azfar Athar Ishaqui
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health - Health Affairs, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Hayat Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Taher Alsultan
- Department of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health - Health Affairs, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfanullah Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Atta Abbas Naqvi
- Discipline of Social & Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Bhattacharya S, Kawamura A. Using evasins to target the chemokine network in inflammation. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 119:1-38. [PMID: 31997766 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, is driven by a network comprising cytokines, chemokines, their target receptors and leukocytes, and is a major pathologic mechanism that adversely affects organ function in diverse human diseases. Despite being supported by substantial target validation, no successful anti-chemokine therapeutic to treat inflammatory disease has yet been developed. This is in part because of the robustness of the chemokine network, which emerges from a large total chemokine load in disease, promiscuous expression of receptors on leukocytes, promiscuous and synergistic interactions between chemokines and receptors, and feedforward loops created by secretion of chemokines by leukocytes themselves. Many parasites, including viruses, helminths and ticks, evade the chemokine network by producing proteins that bind promiscuously to chemokines or their receptors. Evasins - three small glycoproteins identified in the saliva of the brown dog tick - bind multiple chemokines, and are active in several animal models of inflammatory disease. Over 50 evasin homologs have recently been identified from diverse tick species. Characterization of the chemokine binding patterns of evasins show that several have anti-chemokine activities that extend substantially beyond those previously described. These studies indicate that evasins function at the site of the tick bite by reducing total chemokine load. This not only reduces chemokine signaling to receptors, but also interrupts feedforward loops, thus disabling the chemokine network. Taking the lead from nature, a goal for the development of new anti-chemokine therapeutics would be to reduce the total chemokine load in disease. This could be achieved by administering appropriate evasin combinations or by smaller peptides that mimic evasin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumo Bhattacharya
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Akane Kawamura
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Liang X, Huang Y, Pan X, Hao Y, Chen X, Jiang H, Li J, Zhou B, Yang Z. Erucic acid from Isatis indigotica Fort. suppresses influenza A virus replication and inflammation in vitro and in vivo through modulation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathway. J Pharm Anal 2019; 10:130-146. [PMID: 32373385 PMCID: PMC7192973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Isatis indigotica Fort. (Ban-Lan-Gen) is an herbal medicine prescribed for influenza treatment. However, its active components and mode of action remain mostly unknown. In the present study, erucic acid was isolated from Isatis indigotica Fort., and subsequently its underlying mechanism against influenza A virus (IAV) infection was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that erucic acid exhibited broad-spectrum antiviral activity against IAV resulting from reduction of viral polymerase transcription activity. Erucic acid was found to exert inhibitory effects on IAV or viral (v) RNA-induced pro-inflammatory mediators as well as interferons (IFNs). The molecular mechanism by which erucic acid with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties was attributed to inactivation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling. Furthermore, the NF-κB and p38 MAPK inhibitory effect of erucic acid led to diminishing the transcriptional activity of interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF-3), and thereby reducing IAV-triggered pro-inflammatory response amplification in IFN-β-sensitized cells. Additionally, IAV- or vRNA-triggered apoptosis of alveolar epithelial A549 cells was prevented by erucic acid. In vivo, erucic acid administration consistently displayed decreased lung viral load and viral antigens expression. Meanwhile, erucic acid markedly reduced CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) recruitment, pro-apoptotic signaling, hyperactivity of multiple signaling pathways, and exacerbated immune inflammation in the lung, which resulted in decreased lung injury and mortality in mice with a mouse-adapted A/FM/1/47-MA(H1N1) strain infection. Our findings provided a mechanistic basis for the action of erucic acid against IAV-mediated inflammation and injury, suggesting that erucic acid may have a therapeutic potential in the treatment of influenza. Erucic acid from Isatis indigotica Fort. exhibited broad-spectrum anti-influenza virus activity. Erucic acid reduced IAV polymerase transcription activity. Erucic acid suppressed IAV-triggered inflammation as well as pro-inflammatory amplification effects in IFN-sensitized cells. Erucic acid protected mice from lethal IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiping Pan
- Institute of Combination Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yanbing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Beixian Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, 525200, Guangdong, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, 999078, PR China
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Mucosal CD8+ T cell responses induced by an MCMV based vaccine vector confer protection against influenza challenge. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008036. [PMID: 31525249 PMCID: PMC6763260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous β-herpesvirus that establishes life-long latent infection in a high percentage of the population worldwide. CMV induces the strongest and most durable CD8+ T cell response known in human clinical medicine. Due to its unique properties, the virus represents a promising candidate vaccine vector for the induction of persistent cellular immunity. To take advantage of this, we constructed a recombinant murine CMV (MCMV) expressing an MHC-I restricted epitope from influenza A virus (IAV) H1N1 within the immediate early 2 (ie2) gene. Only mice that were immunized intranasally (i.n.) were capable of controlling IAV infection, despite the greater potency of the intraperitoneally (i.p.) vaccination in inducing a systemic IAV-specific CD8+ T cell response. The protective capacity of the i.n. immunization was associated with its ability to induce IAV-specific tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (CD8TRM) cells in the lungs. Our data demonstrate that the protective effect exerted by the i.n. immunization was critically mediated by antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. CD8TRM cells promoted the induction of IFNγ and chemokines that facilitate the recruitment of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells to the lungs. Overall, our results showed that locally applied MCMV vectors could induce mucosal immunity at sites of entry, providing superior immune protection against respiratory infections. Vaccines against influenza typically induce immune responses based on antibodies, small molecules that recognize the virus particles outside of cells and neutralize them before they infect a cell. However, influenza rapidly evolves, escaping immune recognition, and the fastest evolution is seen in the part of the virus that is recognized by antibodies. Therefore, every year we are confronted with new flu strains that are not recognized by our antibodies against the strains from previous years. The other branch of the immune system is made of killer T cells, which recognize infected cells and target them for killing. Influenza does not rapidly evolve to escape T cell killing; thus, vaccines inducing T-cell responses to influenza might provide long-term protection. We introduced an antigen from influenza into the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and used it as a vaccine vector inducing killer T-cell responses of unparalleled strength. Our vector controls influenza replication and provides relief to infected mice, but only if we administered it through the nose, to activate killer T cells that will persist in the lungs close to the airways. Therefore, our data show that the subset of lung-resident killer T cells is sufficient to protect against influenza.
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Li J, Liang X, Zhou B, Chen X, Xie P, Jiang H, Jiang Z, Yang Z, Pan X. (+)‑pinoresinol‑O‑β‑D‑glucopyranoside from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver and its anti‑inflammatory and antiviral effects against influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:563-572. [PMID: 30483751 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (Du-Zhong) is an ancient Chinese herbal remedy used for the treatment of various diseases. To date, the effects of its constituent lignans on influenza viruses remain to be elucidated. In the present study, a lignan glycoside was isolated and purified from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. Its structures were identified via extensive spectroscopic analysis, and its antiviral and anti‑inflammatory activities, specifically against influenza viruses, were determined via a cytopathic effect (CPE) assay, plaque‑reduction assays, a progeny virus yield reduction assay, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and a Luminex assay. Additionally, western blot analysis was performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of its effects against influenza viruses. The chemical and spectroscopic methods determined the structure of lignan glycoside to be (+)‑pinoresinol‑O‑β‑D‑glucopyranoside. The CPE assay showed that (+)‑pinoresinol‑O‑β‑D‑glucopyranoside exerted inhibitory activities with 50% inhibition concentration values of 408.81±5.24 and 176.24±4.41 µg/ml against the influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) and A/Guangzhou/GIRD07/09 (H1N1) strains, respectively. Its antiviral properties were confirmed by plaque reduction and progeny virus yield reduction assays. Additional mechanistic analyses indicated that the anti‑H1N1 virus‑induced effects of (+)‑pinoresinol‑O-β‑D-glucopyranoside were likely due to inactivation of the nuclear factor‑κB, p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase and AKT signaling pathways. Furthermore, (+)‑pinoresinol‑O‑β‑D‑glucopyranoside exhibited pronounced inhibitory effects on the expression of influenza H1N1 virus‑induced pro‑inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. The data obtained suggest that (+)‑pinoresinol‑O‑β‑D-glucopyranoside may be a candidate drug for treating influenza H1N1 virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Beixian Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, Guangdong 525200, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Peifang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Haiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiping Pan
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
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Pett SL, Kunisaki KM, Wentworth D, Griffin TJ, Kalomenidis I, Nahra R, Montejano Sanchez R, Hodgson SW, Ruxrungtham K, Dwyer D, Davey RT, Wendt CH. Increased Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase Activity Is Associated With Poor Clinical Outcome in Adults Hospitalized With Influenza in the INSIGHT FLU003Plus Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 5:ofx228. [PMID: 29322062 PMCID: PMC5753217 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mediated tryptophan (TRP) depletion has antimicrobial and immuno-regulatory effects. Increased kynurenine (KYN)-to-TRP (KT) ratios, reflecting increased IDO activity, have been associated with poorer outcomes from several infections. METHODS We performed a case-control (1:2; age and sex matched) analysis of adults hospitalized with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with protocol-defined disease progression (died/transferred to ICU/mechanical ventilation) after enrollment (cases) or survived without progression (controls) over 60 days of follow-up. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between baseline KT ratio and other metabolites and disease progression. RESULTS We included 32 cases and 64 controls with a median age of 52 years; 41% were female, and the median durations of influenza symptoms prior to hospitalization were 8 and 6 days for cases and controls, respectively (P = .04). Median baseline KT ratios were 2-fold higher in cases (0.24 mM/M; IQR, 0.13-0.40) than controls (0.12; IQR, 0.09-0.17; P ≤ .001). When divided into tertiles, 59% of cases vs 20% of controls had KT ratios in the highest tertile (0.21-0.84 mM/M). When adjusted for symptom duration, the odds ratio for disease progression for those in the highest vs lowest tertiles of KT ratio was 9.94 (95% CI, 2.25-43.90). CONCLUSIONS High KT ratio was associated with poor outcome in adults hospitalized with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. The clinical utility of this biomarker in this setting merits further exploration. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT01056185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Pett
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit (MRC CTU), Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, UK
- Clinical Research Group, Infections and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Ken M Kunisaki
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Deborah Wentworth
- Division of Biostatistics, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Timothy J Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ioannis Kalomenidis
- 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, University of Athens School of Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Raquel Nahra
- Cooper University Hospital, Division of Infectious Disease, Camden, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Kiat Ruxrungtham
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dominic Dwyer
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Pathology West and NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Richard T Davey
- National National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chris H Wendt
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Brief Report: Progression of Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Individuals-Prospective Data From an Asian Cohort. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 75:198-202. [PMID: 28498145 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The magnitude and risk factors of progression of atherosclerosis in Asian HIV-infected individuals were unknown. This study aimed to evaluate: (1) the rate of progression of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected individuals, and (2) metabolic and inflammatory parameters that may predict atherosclerosis progression in HIV-infected individuals in an Asian cohort. SETTING A prospective, longitudinal study was performed among adults attending an HIV Metabolic clinic in Hong Kong. METHODS Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) was measured at baseline and 24 months. Body composition, metabolic, and inflammatory biomarkers [including homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol particle size, high-sensitive C reactive protein, adiponectin] associated with cIMT change were analyzed; their predictive performances were estimated using receiver operating characteristic analyses. RESULTS Sixty-one HIV-infected individuals (mean ± SD age 49.8 ± 11.4 years, 89% men, 97% Chinese, diabetes 39%, hypertension 30%, and dyslipidemia 85%) were recruited. Annual rate of change of cIMT was +0.0075 (0.0000-0.0163) mm/yr, and 19% developed new plaque at 24 months. Two patients died during the study period, 1 because of sudden cardiac death. Using receiver operating characteristic analyses, combination of lower limb fat percentage, LDL cholesterol subclass pattern B, and lower adiponectin level, but not Framingham score, predicted greater cIMT progression in HIV-infected individuals. CONCLUSIONS Asian HIV-infected individuals had atherosclerosis progression. Limb fat percentage, LDL cholesterol particle size, and adiponectin level may identify at-risk Asian HIV-infected individuals for early intervention.
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Lee N, Wong CK, Chan MCW, Yeung ESL, Tam WWS, Tsang OTY, Choi KW, Chan PKS, Kwok A, Lui GCY, Leung WS, Yung IMH, Wong RYK, Cheung CSK, Hui DSC. Anti-inflammatory effects of adjunctive macrolide treatment in adults hospitalized with influenza: A randomized controlled trial. Antiviral Res 2017; 144:48-56. [PMID: 28535933 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION - Macrolides can ameliorate inflammation in respiratory diseases, providing clinical benefits. Data in influenza is lacking. METHOD - A randomized, open-label, multicenter trial among adults hospitalized for laboratory-confirmed influenza was conducted. Study treatments of oseltamivir and azithromycin (500 mg/day), or oseltamivir alone, both for 5 days, were allocated at 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was plasma cytokine/chemokine concentration change over time (Day 0-10); secondary outcomes were viral load and symptom score changes. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models were used to analyze longitudinal data. RESULTS - Fifty patients were randomized to the oseltamivir-azithromycin or oseltamivir groups, with comparable baseline characteristics (age, 57 ± 18 years; A/H3N2, 70%), complications (72%), and viral load. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (GEE: β -0.037, 95%CI-0.067,-0.007, P = 0.016; reduction from baseline -83.4% vs -59.5%), CXCL8/IL-8 (β -0.018, 95%CI-0.037,0.000, P = 0.056; -80.5% vs -58.0%), IL-17 (β -0.064, 95%CI-0.117,-0.012, P = 0.015; -74.0% vs -34.3%), CXCL9/MIG (β -0.010, 95%CI-0.020,0.000, P = 0.043; -71.3% vs -56.0%), sTNFR-1, IL-18, and CRP declined faster in the oseltamivir-azithromycin group. There was a trend toward faster symptom resolution (β -0.463, 95%CI-1.297,0.371). Viral RNA decline (P = 0.777) and culture-negativity rates were unaffected. Additional ex vivo studies confirmed reduced induction of IL-6 (P = 0.017) and CXCL8/IL-8 (P = 0.005) with azithromycin. CONCLUSION - We found significant anti-inflammatory effects with adjunctive macrolide treatment in adults with severe influenza infections. Virus control was unimpaired. Clinical benefits of a macrolide-containing regimen deserve further study. [ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01779570].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Martin C W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Esther S L Yeung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wilson W S Tam
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Owen T Y Tsang
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Kin-Wing Choi
- Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Angela Kwok
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Grace C Y Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Shing Leung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Irene M H Yung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rity Y K Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Catherine S K Cheung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - David S C Hui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Kim ES, Choe PG, Park WB, Oh HS, Kim EJ, Nam EY, Na SH, Kim M, Song KH, Bang JH, Park SW, Kim HB, Kim NJ, Oh MD. Clinical Progression and Cytokine Profiles of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:1717-1725. [PMID: 27709848 PMCID: PMC5056202 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.11.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical progression over time and cytokine profiles have not been well defined in patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. We included 17 patients with laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV during the 2015 outbreak in Korea. Clinical and laboratory parameters were collected prospectively. Serum cytokine and chemokine levels in serial serum samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All patients presented with fever. The median time to defervescence was 18 days. Nine patients required oxygen supplementation and classified into severe group. In the severe group, chest infiltrates suddenly began to worsen around day 7 of illness, and dyspnea developed at the end of the first week and became apparent in the second week. Median time from symptom onset to oxygen supplementation was 8 days. The severe group had higher neutrophil counts during week 1 than the mild group (4,500 vs. 2,200/μL, P = 0.026). In the second week of illness, the severe group had higher serum levels of IL-6 (54 vs. 4 pg/mL, P = 0.006) and CXCL-10 (2,642 vs. 382 pg/mL, P < 0.001). IFN-α response was not observed in mild cases. Our data shows that clinical condition may suddenly deteriorate around 7 days of illness and the serum levels of IL-6 and CXCL-10 was significantly elevated in MERS-CoV patients who developed severe diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pyoeng Gyun Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Sang Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Eun Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moonsuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Bin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung Don Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lui G, Wong CK, Ip M, Chu YJ, Yung IMH, Cheung CSK, Zheng L, Lam JSY, Wong KT, Sin WWY, Choi KW, Lee N. HMGB1/RAGE Signaling and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Responses in Non-HIV Adults with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159132. [PMID: 27434276 PMCID: PMC4951129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to study the pathogenic roles of High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) / Receptor-for-Advanced-Glycation-End-products (RAGE) signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). METHODS A prospective study was conducted among non-HIV adults newly-diagnosed with active PTB at two acute-care hospitals (n = 80); age-and-sex matched asymptomatic individuals (tested for latent TB) were used for comparison (n = 45). Plasma concentrations of 8 cytokines/chemokines, HMGB1, soluble-RAGE, and transmembrane-RAGE expressed on monocytes/dendritic cells, were measured. Gene expression (mRNA) of HMGB1, RAGE, and inflammasome-NALP3 was quantified. Patients' PBMCs were stimulated with recombinant-HMGB1 and MTB-antigen (lipoarabinomannan) for cytokine induction ex vivo. RESULTS In active PTB, plasma IL-8/CXCL8 [median(IQR), 6.0(3.6-15.1) vs 3.6(3.6-3.6) pg/ml, P<0.001] and IL-6 were elevated, which significantly correlated with mycobacterial load, extent of lung consolidation (rs +0.509, P<0.001), severity-score (rs +0.317, P = 0.004), and fever and hospitalization durations (rs +0.407, P<0.001). IL-18 and sTNFR1 also increased. Plasma IL-8/CXCL8 (adjusted OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.02-1.23 per unit increase, P = 0.021) and HMGB1 (adjusted OR 1.42 per unit increase, 95%CI 1.08-1.87, P = 0.012) concentrations were independent predictors for respiratory failure, as well as for ICU admission/death. Gene expression of HMGB1, RAGE, and inflammasome-NALP3 were upregulated (1.2-2.8 fold). Transmembrane-RAGE was increased, whereas the decoy soluble-RAGE was significantly depleted. RAGE and HMGB1 gene expressions positively correlated with cytokine levels (IL-8/CXCL8, IL-6, sTNFR1) and clinico-/radiographical severity (e.g. extent of consolidation rs +0.240, P = 0.034). Ex vivo, recombinant-HMGB1 potentiated cytokine release (e.g. TNF-α) when combined with lipoarabinomannan. CONCLUSION In patients with active PTB, HMGB1/RAGE signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines may play important roles in pathogenesis and disease manifestations. Our clinico-immunological data can provide basis for the development of new strategies for disease monitoring, management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Jun Chu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Irene M. H. Yung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Judy S. Y. Lam
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Tak Wong
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winnie W. Y. Sin
- Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Wing Choi
- Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nelson Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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Olagnier D, Amatore D, Castiello L, Ferrari M, Palermo E, Diamond MS, Palamara AT, Hiscott J. Dengue Virus Immunopathogenesis: Lessons Applicable to the Emergence of Zika Virus. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3429-48. [PMID: 27130436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the leading mosquito-transmitted viral infection in the world. There are more than 390 million new infections annually; while the majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic or develop a self-limited dengue fever, up to 1 million clinical cases develop severe manifestations, including dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome, resulting in ~25,000 deaths annually, mainly in children. Gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to dengue infection and immunopathogenesis have hampered the development of vaccines and antiviral agents. Some of these limitations are highlighted by the explosive re-emergence of another arthropod-borne flavivirus-Zika virus-spread by the same vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito, that also carries dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. This review will discuss the early virus-host interactions in dengue infection, with emphasis on the interrelationship between oxidative stress and innate immune pathways, and will provide insight as to how lessons learned from dengue research may expedite therapeutic strategies for Zika virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Olagnier
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Montreal, Canada
| | - Donatella Amatore
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Ferrari
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Palermo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - John Hiscott
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Lim WS, Brittain C, Duley L, Edwards S, Gordon S, Montgomery A, Nguyen-Van-Tam J, Read R, Whitham D, Whynes D, Woodhead M, Wootton D. Blinded randomised controlled trial of low-dose Adjuvant Steroids in Adults admitted to hospital with Pandemic influenza (ASAP): a trial 'in hibernation', ready for rapid activation. Health Technol Assess 2015; 19:1-78, vii-viii. [PMID: 25716702 DOI: 10.3310/hta19160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no completed randomised trials of the use of corticosteroids in patients with severe influenza infection. Corticosteroid use in influenza is widespread, non-systematic and marked by controversy. A recent meta-analysis of observational studies of adjuvant corticosteroids in influenza found an association with increased mortality but there were important concerns regarding the risks of bias. OBJECTIVES To (1) evaluate whether or not low-dose corticosteroids given as an adjunct to standard treatment is beneficial in patients who are hospitalised with severe pandemic influenza and (2) develop an 'off-the-shelf' clinical trial that is ready to be activated in a future pandemic. DESIGN Multicentre, pragmatic, blinded, randomised placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Thirty to 40 hospitals in the UK. PARTICIPANTS Adults (≥ 16 years) admitted to hospital with an influenza-like illness during a pandemic. INTERVENTION Five-day course of dexamethasone (Dexsol®, Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd) 6 mg daily, started within 24 hours of admission. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Admission to Intensive Care Unit, or death, within 30 days of admission to hospital. RESULTS This trial has not yet been activated. It is currently set up with full ethics and regulatory approvals in place, ready for rapid activation at the onset of the next pandemic. Hurdles to setting up a pandemic trial include planning for pandemic-level pressures on UK NHS resources and co-enrolment of patients to multiple pandemic studies, ensuring adequate geographical distribution of participating sites, maintaining long-term low-level engagement with site investigators, addressing future trial-specific training needs of local investigators and resilience planning in trial management. Identified threats to trial delivery include changes to research capabilities or policies during the hibernation phase, lack of staff resources during a pandemic and the influence of media at the time of a pandemic. A mismatch in the approach to informed consent required by current regulations to that preferred by patients and the public was identified. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that advance set-up of a trial to be conducted during a pandemic, with full regulatory approvals in place, is possible. Regular review during the hibernation phase will be required. This study serves as a model for the development of other 'off-the-shelf' trials as part of preparedness planning for public health emergencies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN72331452. European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials number: 2013-001051-12. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 19, No. 16. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen Lim
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Clare Brittain
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lelia Duley
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Stephen Gordon
- School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alan Montgomery
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Robert Read
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Diane Whitham
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David Whynes
- School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Woodhead
- Respiratory Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dan Wootton
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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20
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Wilkinson JM, Gunvaldsen RE, Detmer SE, Dyck MK, Dixon WT, Foxcroft GR, Plastow GS, Harding JCS. Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Profiling of the Lung of Influenza-Infected Pigs: A Comparison of Different Birth Weight and Susceptibility Groups. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138653. [PMID: 26393920 PMCID: PMC4578952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are a common cause of respiratory disease in swine. Infections range in severity from asymptomatic to causing significant morbidity. The main objective of this study was to compare lung transcriptomic and epigenetic responses to influenza infection in pigs from high or low birth weight litters. The latter is a potential indicator of intrauterine growth restriction, a significant risk factor for prenatal programming effects. Individual pigs from high (HBW) or low birth weight (LBW) litters (n = 17) were inoculated with influenza A virus and euthanized 48 hours later. Lesion severity and viral loads were assessed as previously described. The transcriptional response to infection in LBW and HBW groups (n = 16) was assessed by microarray. A separate analysis of pigs classified as 'Resilient' (RES) or 'Susceptible' (SUS) (n = 6) on the basis of severity of lung pathology was also conducted. Eight genes were confirmed as differentially expressed for the birth weight comparison, including three antiviral genes with lower expression in LBW: ISG15, OAS1, and OAS2 (P<0.05). The promoter region methylation status of these three genes was assessed for each birth weight group, and no differences were found. These expression data are consistent with our previous finding that LBW pigs had less severe lesion scores and a trend towards lower viral titres in lung than the HBW cohort. The SUS v RES comparison identified 91 differentially expressed genes (FDR<0.05) that were enriched with functional annotation terms and pathways associated with inflammation. The cytokine genes IL6, IL8, and CCL2 were all upregulated in SUS pigs, and may have driven disease severity in these animals. In conclusion, this study found no evidence that the transcriptional immune response to influenza was adversely affected by low litter birth weight, but did identify several candidate genes for driving disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Wilkinson
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rayna E. Gunvaldsen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Susan E. Detmer
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael K. Dyck
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Walter T. Dixon
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - George R. Foxcroft
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Graham S. Plastow
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John C. S. Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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21
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Kwit K, Pomorska-Mól M, Markowska-Daniel I. The influence of experimental infection of gilts with swine H1N2 influenza A virus during the second month of gestation on the course of pregnancy, reproduction parameters and clinical status. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:123. [PMID: 24893655 PMCID: PMC4067629 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The course of swine influenza in pigs is reported to be similar to human influenza. Occasionally abortions and other reproduction disorders have been associated with influenza A virus (IAV) infection in pigs. Abortions may be a consequence of high fever, pro-inflammatory cytokines or transplacental transmission of the virus. The role of IAV in the complications observed during pregnancy has been scanty and the true importance of this agent as a cause of reproductive problems in swine is not known. The aim was to determine the possible involvement of swine H1N2 IAV strain on reproductive disorders in pregnant gilts under experimental conditions. Results The gestation length was from 113 to 116 days, no abortion or any other reproduction disorders were noted. A PCR assay confirms the presence of IAV in the nasal swabs taken from inoculated gilts between 1 and 5 dpi. In the nasal swabs from control gilts and newborn piglets, no IAV genetic material was found. No viral RNA was detected in samples of blood taken from gilts and piglets, placentas, lungs and tracheas taken from piglets euthanized after delivery. The significant decrease in the number and percentage of lymphocytes without leukopenia was observed at 4 dpi in inoculated gilts. The percentage of granulocytes increased significantly at 4 dpi in inoculated pigs. The concentration of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were higher in inoculated gilts, while IL-4 and IFN-γ were not detected in the serum of any of animals. The serum concentrations of C-reactive protein remained stable during study, while haptoglobin concentrations increased significantly after inoculation. Conclusions The results of the study indicate that infection of pregnant gilts with swine H1N2 IAV in the second month of pregnancy does not cause abortion and other reproduction disorders. No evidence for transplacental transmission of swine H1N2 IAV was found. However, due to subclinical course of influenza in the present experiment caution should be taken in extrapolating these results to the cases of acute influenza. The other limitation is IAV diversity. It cannot be excluded that other subtypes of IAV could be associated to reproduction failure in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
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22
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Hurt AC, Ison MG, Hayden FG, Hay AJ. Second isirv antiviral group conference: overview. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2014; 7 Suppl 3:1-7. [PMID: 24215376 PMCID: PMC6499332 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aeron C Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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23
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White MR, Doss M, Boland P, Tecle T, Hartshorn KL. Innate immunity to influenza virus: implications for future therapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 4:497-514. [PMID: 19756245 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.4.4.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity is critical in the early containment of influenza virus infection. The innate response is surprisingly complex. A variety of soluble innate inhibitors in respiratory secretions provide an initial barrier to infection. Dendritic cells, phagocytes and natural killer cells mediate viral clearance and promote further innate and adaptive responses. Toll-like receptors 3 and 7 and cytoplasmic RNA sensors are critical for activating these responses. In general, the innate response restricts viral replication without injuring the lung; however, the 1918 pandemic and H5N1 strains cause more profound, possibly harmful, innate responses. In this review, we discuss the implications of burgeoning knowledge of innate immunity for therapy of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R White
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, EBRC 414, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Bean AGD, Baker ML, Stewart CR, Cowled C, Deffrasnes C, Wang LF, Lowenthal JW. Studying immunity to zoonotic diseases in the natural host - keeping it real. Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:851-61. [PMID: 24157573 PMCID: PMC7098194 DOI: 10.1038/nri3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic viruses that emerge from wildlife and domesticated animals pose a serious threat to human and animal health. In many instances, mouse models have improved our understanding of the human immune response to infection; however, when dealing with emerging zoonotic diseases, they may be of limited use. This is particularly the case when the model fails to reproduce the disease status that is seen in the natural reservoir, transmission species or human host. In this Review, we discuss how researchers are placing more emphasis on the study of the immune response to zoonotic infections in the natural reservoir hosts and spillover species. Such studies will not only lead to a greater understanding of how these infections induce variable disease and immune responses in distinct species but also offer important insights into the evolution of mammalian immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. D. Bean
- CSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, 3220 Victoria Australia
| | - Michelle L. Baker
- CSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, 3220 Victoria Australia
| | - Cameron R. Stewart
- CSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, 3220 Victoria Australia
| | - Christopher Cowled
- CSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, 3220 Victoria Australia
| | - Celine Deffrasnes
- CSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, 3220 Victoria Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- CSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, 3220 Victoria Australia
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - John W. Lowenthal
- CSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, 3220 Victoria Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 3216 Victoria Australia
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25
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Börgeling Y, Schmolke M, Viemann D, Nordhoff C, Roth J, Ludwig S. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase impairs influenza virus-induced primary and secondary host gene responses and protects mice from lethal H5N1 infection. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:13-27. [PMID: 24189062 PMCID: PMC3879537 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.469239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) induce severe inflammation in poultry and men. One characteristic of HPAIV infections is the induction of a cytokine burst that strongly contributes to viral pathogenicity. This cell-intrinsic hypercytokinemia seems to involve hyperinduction of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Here we investigate the role of p38 MAPK signaling in the antiviral response against HPAIV in mice as well as in human endothelial cells, the latter being a primary source of cytokines during systemic infections. Global gene expression profiling of HPAIV-infected endothelial cells in the presence of the p38-specific inhibitor SB 202190 revealed that inhibition of p38 MAPK leads to reduced expression of IFNβ and other cytokines after H5N1 and H7N7 infection. More than 90% of all virus-induced genes were either partially or fully dependent on p38 signaling. Moreover, promoter analysis confirmed a direct impact of p38 on the IFNβ promoter activity. Furthermore, upon treatment with IFN or conditioned media from HPAIV-infected cells, p38 controls interferon-stimulated gene expression by coregulating STAT1 by phosphorylation at serine 727. In vivo inhibition of p38 MAPK greatly diminishes virus-induced cytokine expression concomitant with reduced viral titers, thereby protecting mice from lethal infection. These observations show that p38 MAPK acts on two levels of the antiviral IFN response. Initially the kinase regulates IFN induction and, at a later stage, p38 controls IFN signaling and thereby expression of IFN-stimulated genes. Thus, inhibition of MAP kinase p38 may be an antiviral strategy that protects mice from lethal influenza by suppressing excessive cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Börgeling
- From the Institute of Molecular Virology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation
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26
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Cornelissen JBWJ, Vervelde L, Post J, Rebel JMJ. Differences in highly pathogenic avian influenza viral pathogenesis and associated early inflammatory response in chickens and ducks. Avian Pathol 2013; 42:347-64. [PMID: 23782222 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2013.807325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the immunological responses in the lung, brain and spleen of ducks and chickens within the first 7 days after infection with H7N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Infection with HPAI caused significant morbidity and mortality in chickens, while in ducks the infection was asymptomatic. The HPAI viral mRNA load was higher in all investigated tissues of chickens compared with duck tissues. In the lung, brain and spleen of HPAI-infected chickens, a high, but delayed, pro-inflammatory response of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA was induced, including up-regulation of IFN-β, IFN-γ, TLR3 and MDA-5 mRNA from 1 day post infection (p.i.). Whereas in ducks already at 8 h p.i., a quicker but lower response was found for IL-6, IL-1β and iNOS mRNA followed by a delayed activation of TLR7, RIG-I, MDA5 and IFN-γ mRNA response. Virus-infected areas in the lung of chickens co-localized with KUL-01⁺ (macrophages, dendritic cells), CD4⁺, and CD8α⁺ cells, during the first day after infection. However, only KUL-01⁺ cells co-localized with the virus after 1 day p.i. In ducks, CVI-ChNL-68.1⁺ (macrophage-like cells), CD4⁺ and CD8α⁺ cells and apoptosis co-localized with the virus within 8 h p.i. Apoptosis was detected in the brain and lung of HPAI-infected chickens after 2 days p.i. and apoptotic cells co-localized with virus-infected areas. In conclusion, excessive delayed cytokine inflammatory responses but inadequate cellular immune responses may contribute to pathogenesis in chickens, while ducks initiate a fast lower cytokine response followed by the activation of major pattern recognition receptors (TLR7, RIG-I, MDA5) and a persistent cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B W J Cornelissen
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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27
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Lee N, Wong CK, Hui DSC, Lee SKW, Wong RYK, Ngai KLK, Chan MCW, Chu YJ, Ho AWY, Lui GCY, Wong BCK, Wong SH, Yip SP, Chan PKS. Role of human Toll-like receptors in naturally occurring influenza A infections. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013; 7:666-75. [PMID: 23552014 PMCID: PMC5781199 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the roles of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in naturally occurring influenza. METHODS A prospective, case - control study was conducted. Adults hospitalized with virologically confirmed influenza A infections (onset <48 hours, before treatment) were compared with age-/gender-matched controls. TLRs (2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9) expression in monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs - total, myeloid, plasmacytoid) was quantitated using flow cytometry. Gene expression of RLRs (RIG-1, MDA-5) was evaluated using real-time PCR. Concomitant signaling molecules expression, plasma cytokine/chemokine concentrations, and respiratory tract viral loads were measured. PBMCs were cultured and stimulated ex vivo with TLR-specific ligands for cytokine responses. RESULTS Forty two patients with influenza (24 A/H3N2, 18 A/H1N1pdm09) and 20 controls were studied. Patients' mean age was 68 ± 16 years; 81% had respiratory/cardiovascular complications. There were increased cellular expressions of TLR9, TLR8, TLR3, and TLR7 during influenza; TLR2 and TLR4 were suppressed. Results were similar for both virus strains. Higher TLR expression levels at presentation significantly correlated with lower viral loads (Spearman's rho: -0.46 to -0.69 for TLR9, TLR8, and TLR3; P-values <0.05). Multivariate regression models (adjusted for age, comorbidity, disease severity, time from onset) confirmed their independent associations. Increased signaling molecules (phospho-MAPKs, IκB) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, sTNFR-1, CCL2/MCP-1; CXCL10/IP-10, IFN-γ) correlated with increased TLR expression. RLRs were upregulated simultaneously. PBMCs of patients with influenza showed significant, dynamic changes in their cytokine responses upon TLR stimulation, compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TLRs play an important role in early, innate viral inhibition in naturally occurring influenza. Inflammatory cytokine responses are concomitantly induced. These findings support investigation of TLR targeting as a novel intervention approach for prophylaxis against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Chan MCW, Lee N, Ngai KLK, Wong BCK, Lee MKP, Choi KW, Lai RWM, Chan PKS. A "pre-seasonal" hospital outbreak of influenza pneumonia caused by the drift variant A/Victoria/361/2011-like H3N2 viruses, Hong Kong, 2011. J Clin Virol 2012. [PMID: 23201458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beginning from late 2011 and early 2012, increasing circulation of antigenically drifted influenza A/Victoria/361/2011-like H3N2 viruses within genotype 3 of the A/Victoria/208/2009 clade have been reported in multiple European countries and elsewhere. Whether these emerging viruses are associated with increased disease severity is unclear. OBJECTIVES To report the clinical and virological findings of a moderately severe hospital outbreak of A/Victoria/361/2011-like viruses that occurred in November 2011 in Hong Kong. STUDY DESIGN Clinical and virological hospital outbreak investigation. RESULTS The outbreak occurred in an adult psychiatric ward in November 2011, a time well before the usual local seasonal influenza winter peak. Altogether, 7 patients and 1 healthcare-worker were affected (mean age, 47 [range, 34-61] years). The attack rates among patients and healthcare-workers were 33% (7/21) and 7% (1/15), respectively. Pneumonia developed in 38% (3/8) of cases; none had underlying immunocompromised conditions. High nasopharyngeal viral loads were detected. All cases responded to antiviral treatment. Multiple amino acid mutations with reference to earlier A(H3N2) vaccine strains were mapped to key antigenic sites on hemagglutinin; however, no critical mutations on receptor binding sites were detected. Viral sequence variations jeopardized the performance of molecular diagnostic assays. CONCLUSIONS Severe disease and pneumonia occurred in a substantial proportion of non-immunocompromised adults in a hospital outbreak attributed to the emerging antigenically drifted A/Victoria/361/2011-like H3N2 viruses. Close monitoring of the transmission of this drift variant is required. Further studies are also necessary to determine virus virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
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Sithisarn P, Michaelis M, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Cinatl J. Differential antiviral and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the flavonoids biochanin A and baicalein in H5N1 influenza A virus-infected cells. Antiviral Res 2012; 97:41-8. [PMID: 23098745 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
From a panel of 22 flavonoids, we identified six compounds (apigenin, baicalein, biochanin A, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin) that inhibited influenza A nucleoprotein production in human lung epithelial (A549) cells infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus strain A/Thailand/Kan-1/04 in non-toxic concentrations. Baicalein (IC(50): 18.79±1.17μM, selectivity index 5.82) and biochanin A (IC(50) 8.92±1.87μM, selectivity index 5.60) were selected for further experiments. Both compounds reduced H5N1 infectious titres (baicalein 40μM: 29-fold reduction, biochanin A 40μM: 55-fold reduction after infection at MOI 0.01), virus-induced caspase 3 cleavage, nuclear export of viral RNP complexes, and enhanced the effects of the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir. Biochanin A and baicalein also inhibited the replication of the H5N1 strain A/Vietnam/1203/04. Time of addition experiments indicated that both compounds interfere with H5N1 replication after the adsorption period. Further mechanistic investigations revealed clear differences between these two flavonoids. Only baicalein interfered with the viral neuraminidase activity (39±7% inhibition at 100μM, the maximum concentration tested). In contrast to baicalein, biochanin A affected cellular signalling pathways resulting in reduced virus-induced activation of AKT, ERK 1/2, and NF-kB. Moreover, biochanin A inhibited the virus-induced production of IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10 while baicalein inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 production without affecting IP-10 levels. In primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, only baicalein but not biochanin A impaired H5N1 virus replication. Both flavonoids interfered with the H5N1-induced production of IL-6, IP-10, and TNF-α but not of IL-8 in macrophages. These findings indicate that closely related flavonoids can exert anti-H5N1 effects by different molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchima Sithisarn
- Institute for Medical Virology, Clinics of the Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Zhong NS, Li YM, Yang ZF, Wang C, Liu YN, Li XW, Shu YL, Wang GF, Gao ZC, Deng GH, He LX, Xi XM, Cao B, Shen KL, Wu H, Zhou PA, Li QQ. Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of influenza (2011). J Thorac Dis 2012; 3:274-89. [PMID: 22263103 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2011.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Shan Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College/Institute of Respiratory Diseases
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Marois I, Cloutier A, Garneau É, Richter MV. Initial infectious dose dictates the innate, adaptive, and memory responses to influenza in the respiratory tract. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:107-21. [PMID: 22504848 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1011490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors from the virus and the host contribute to influenza virus pathogenicity and to the development of immunity. This study thoroughly examined the effects of an initial infectious dose of virus and unveiled new findings concerning the antiviral and inflammatory responses, innate and adaptive immunity, memory responses, and protection against secondary heterologous infection. Our results demonstrated that the initial infectious dose significantly affects the gene expression of antiviral (IFN-β) and inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) cytokines and of enzymes involved in nitrosative/oxidative stress (iNOS, HO-1, NQO1) early in the response to influenza. This response correlated with significantly increased recruitment of innate immune cells into the lungs of infected mice. We showed that this response also alters the subsequent accumulation of activated IFN-γ(+) CD44(hi) CD62L(lo) influenza-specific CD8(+) T cells into the lungs of infected mice through increased T cell-recruiting chemokine gene expression (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL10). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the initial infectious dose determines the generation and the distribution of memory CD8(+) T cell subsets without affecting trafficking mechanisms. This impacted on immune protection against heterologous infection. Lastly, we showed that the effects on innate and adaptive immunity were not dependent on influenza strain or on the genetic background of the host. Collectively, our data show for the first time and in detail that the initial infectious dose of influenza determines the development of several aspects of antiviral immunity. This study provides new insights on virus-host interaction in the generation of the global immune response to influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Marois
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centrede Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Québec, Canada
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Burad J, Bhakta P, George J, Kiruchennan S. Development of acute ischemic stroke in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) resulting from H1N1 pneumonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 50:41-5. [PMID: 22500914 DOI: 10.1016/j.aat.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia due to H1N1 infection is now very common. We report a case of ischemic stroke which arose subsequently to H1N1 influenza. The patient was a female who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after H1N1 influenza, was ventilated as per standard protocol and started treatment with oseltamivir. When sedation was stopped during weaning from the ventilator, she was found to have left hemiparesis resulting from multiple infarctions in the brain. Contrary to thrombocytosis usually seen in acute influenza, the platelet counts in our patient actually dropped. We suspected that increased interleukin release or stickiness of the platelets might have caused this ischemic stroke. In the course of time, she had acceptable neurological recovery following treatment with aspirin and neuro-rehabilitation. This case report provides evidence that a rare, debilitating complication like stroke can occur in H1N1 infection. A high index of suspicion of the probability of a cerebrovascular event should be borne in mind and regular neurological assessment should be done in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Burad
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
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Friesenhagen J, Boergeling Y, Hrincius E, Ludwig S, Roth J, Viemann D. Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses inhibit effective immune responses of human blood-derived macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:11-20. [PMID: 22442495 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0911479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic infections with HPAIVs, such as H5N1, are characterized by cytokine burst and sepsis. We investigated the role of human monocyte-derived macrophages in these events after infection with different influenza virus strains. Macrophages were infected with low pathogenic H1N1 (PR8) or high pathogenic H7N7 (FPV) and H5N1 (KAN-1) subtypes. Macrophages were found to be nonpermissive for influenza virus propagation. Surprisingly, transcriptome analysis revealed an insufficient innate immune response of macrophages only to HPAIV infections. Induction of inflammatory cytokines, as well as type I IFNs, was significantly attenuated in H5N1- and H7N7-infected cells, contradicting a primary role of macrophages for the cytokine burst. Furthermore, inflammasome activation was impaired significantly in HPAIV-infected macrophages. Interestingly, this finding correlated with a complete suppression of viral protein M2 expression after HPAIV infection, which is known to be involved in influenza viral inflammasome activation. In summary, our data provide first evidences for a strategy of how HPAIVs avoid initial inflammatory responses of macrophages facilitating virus spreading and progression to the systemic stage of disease.
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Nabeshima S, Kashiwagi K, Ajisaka K, Masui S, Takeoka H, Ikematsu H, Kashiwagi S. A randomized, controlled trial comparing traditional herbal medicine and neuraminidase inhibitors in the treatment of seasonal influenza. J Infect Chemother 2012; 18:534-43. [PMID: 22350323 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-012-0378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The herbal medicine, maoto, has been traditionally prescribed to patients with influenza in Japan. To better understand the efficacy of maoto for the treatment of influenza, a randomized trial was conducted for comparison with oseltamivir or zanamivir. Adult patients with influenza symptoms, including fever, positive for quick diagnostic kit for influenza within 48 h of fever onset were assessed for enrollment. The data of 28 patients randomly assigned to maoto (n = 10), oseltamivir (n = 8), or zanamivir (n = 10) were analyzed for the duration of fever (>37.5°C) and total symptom score from symptom cards recorded by the patient. Viral isolation and serum cytokine measurements were also done on days 1, 3, and 5. Maoto granules, a commercial medical dosage form, are made from four plants: Ephedra Herb, Apricot Kernel, Cinnamon Bark, and Glycyrrhiza Root. Median durations of fever of patients assigned maoto, oseltamivir, or zanamivir were 29, 46, or 27 h, respectively, significantly different for maoto and oseltamivir. No significant between-group differences were found in total symptom score among three groups. Viral persistent rates and serum cytokine levels (IFN-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) during the study period showed no differences among three groups. The administration of oral maoto granules to healthy adults with seasonal influenza was well tolerated and associated with equivalent clinical and virological efficacy to neuraminidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Nabeshima
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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Narvaez-Rivera RM, Rendon A, Salinas-Carmona MC, Rosas-Taraco AG. Soluble RAGE as a severity marker in community acquired pneumonia associated sepsis. BMC Infect Dis 2012; 12:15. [PMID: 22264245 PMCID: PMC3274434 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is considered the most important cause of death from infectious disease in developed countries. Severity assessment scores partially address the difficulties in identifying high-risk patients. A lack of specific and valid pathophysiologic severity markers affect early and effective sepsis therapy. HMGB-1, sRAGE and RAGE have been involved in sepsis and their potential as severity markers has been proposed. The aim of this study was to evaluate HMGB-1, RAGE and sRAGE levels in patients with CAP-associated sepsis and determine their possible association with clinical outcome. Method We evaluated 33 patients with CAP-associated sepsis admitted to the emergency room and followed in the medical wards. Severity assessment scores (CURB-65, PSI, APACHE II, SOFA) and serologic markers (HMGB-1, RAGE, sRAGE) were evaluated on admission. Results Thirty patients with a diagnosis of CAP-associated sepsis were enrolled in the study within 24 hours after admission. Fourteen (46.6%) had pandemic (H1N1) influenza A virus, 2 (6.6%) had seasonal influenza A and 14 other diagnoses. Of the patients in the study group, 16 (53.3%) had a fatal outcome. ARDS was observed in 17 (56.6%) and a total of 22 patients had severe sepsis on admission (73%). The SOFA score showed the greatest difference between surviving and non-surviving groups (P = .003) with similar results in ARDS patients (P = .005). sRAGE levels tended to be higher in non-surviving (P = .058) and ARDS patients (P = .058). Logistic regression modeling demonstrated that SOFA (P = .013) and sRAGE (P = .05) were the only variables that modified the probability of a fatal outcome. Conclusion The association of elevated sRAGE with a fatal outcome suggests that it may have an independent causal effect in CAP. SOFA scores were the only clinical factor with the ability to identify surviving and ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Narvaez-Rivera
- Department of Immunology, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, UANL, School of Medicine and University Hospital, Monterrey Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Broers CJM, Gemke RJBJ, Weijerman ME, van der Sluijs KF, van Furth AM. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production in Down Syndrome children upon stimulation with live influenza A virus. J Clin Immunol 2011; 32:323-9. [PMID: 22170315 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-011-9625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with down syndrome (DS) have an increased susceptibility to infections, due to altered humoral and/or cellular immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the cytokine production in whole blood of children with DS upon stimulation with live influenza A virus. METHODS Whole blood of 61 children with DS and 57 of their healthy siblings was stimulated with 2.5 × 10(4) TCID50/ml influenza A virus during 6, 24, and 48 h. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IFN-α, IFN-γ concentrations, and viral load were measured at all time points. RESULTS At most of the time points, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations were significantly higher in children with DS following stimulation with live influenza A virus. IFN-α and IFN-γ levels were also significantly higher in the DS group. Viral clearance, however, was equal in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Children with DS have an altered immune response to influenza A virus. The production of higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines may be responsible for a more severe clinical course of viral disease in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal J M Broers
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Lee N, Wong CK, Chan PKS, Chan MCW, Wong RYK, Lun SWM, Ngai KLK, Lui GCY, Wong BCK, Lee SKW, Choi KW, Hui DSC. Cytokine response patterns in severe pandemic 2009 H1N1 and seasonal influenza among hospitalized adults. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26050. [PMID: 22022504 PMCID: PMC3192778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studying cytokine/chemokine responses in severe influenza infections caused by different virus subtypes may improve understanding on pathogenesis. Methods Adults hospitalized for laboratory-confirmed seasonal and pandemic 2009 A/H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza were studied. Plasma concentrations of 13 cytokines/chemokines were measured at presentation and then serially, using cytometric-bead-array with flow-cytometry and ELISA. PBMCs from influenza patients were studied for cytokine/chemokine expression using ex-vivo culture (Whole Blood Assay,±PHA/LPS stimulation). Clinical variables were prospectively recorded and analyzed. Results 63 pH1N1 and 53 seasonal influenza patients were studied. pH1N1 patients were younger (mean±S.D. 42.8±19.2 vs 70.5±16.7 years), and fewer had comorbidities. Respiratory/cardiovascular complications were common in both groups (71.4% vs 81.1%), although severe pneumonia with hypoxemia (54.0% vs 28.3%) and ICU admissions (25.4% vs 1.9%) were more frequent with pH1N1. Hyperactivation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, CXCL8/IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1 and sTNFR-1 was found in pH1N1 pneumonia (2–15 times normal) and in complicated seasonal influenza, but not in milder pH1N1 infections. The adaptive-immunity (Th1/Th17)-related CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL9/MIG and IL-17A however, were markedly suppressed in severe pH1N1 pneumonia (2–27 times lower than seasonal influenza; P−values<0.01). This pattern was further confirmed with serial measurements. Hypercytokinemia tended to be sustained in pH1N1 pneumonia, associated with a slower viral clearance [PCR-negativity: day 3–4, 55% vs 85%; day 6–7, 67% vs 100%]. Elevated proinflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6, predicted ICU admission (adjusted OR 12.6, 95%CI 2.6–61.5, per log10unit increase; P = 0.002), and correlated with fever, tachypnoea, deoxygenation, and length-of-stay (Spearman's rho, P-values<0.01) in influenza infections. PBMCs in seasonal influenza patients were activated and expressed cytokines ex vivo (e.g. IL-6, CXCL8/IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL9/MIG); their ‘responsiveness’ to stimuli was shown to change dynamically during the illness course. Conclusions A hyperactivated proinflammatory, but suppressed adaptive-immunity (Th1/Th17)-related cytokine response pattern was found in severe pH1N1 pneumonia, different from seasonal influenza. Cytokine/immune-dysregulation may be important in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
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The effect of HIV infection and HAART on inflammatory biomarkers in a population-based cohort of women. AIDS 2011; 25:1823-32. [PMID: 21572306 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3283489d1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV causes inflammation that can be at least partially corrected by HAART. To determine the qualitative and quantitative nature of cytokine perturbation, we compared cytokine patterns in three HIV clinical groups, including HAART responders (HAART), untreated HIV noncontrollers, and HIV-uninfected (NEG). METHODS Multiplex assays were used to measure 32 cytokines in a cross-sectional study of participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Participants from three groups were included: HAART (n = 17), noncontrollers (n = 14), and HIV NEG (n = 17). RESULTS Several cytokines and chemokines showed significant differences between noncontrollers and NEG participants, including elevated interferon gamma-induced 10 (IP-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and decreased interleukin-12(p40) [IL-12(p40)], IL-15, and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in noncontroller participants. Biomarker levels among HAART women more closely resembled the NEG, with the exception of TNF-α and FGF-2. Secondary analyses of the combined HAART and noncontroller groups revealed that IP-10 showed a strong, positive correlation with viral load and negative correlation with CD4(+) T-cell counts. The growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and FGF-2 all showed a positive correlation with increased CD4(+) T-cell counts. CONCLUSION Untreated, progressive HIV infection was associated with decreased serum levels of cytokines important in T-cell homeostasis (IL-15) and T-cell phenotype determination (IL-12), and increased levels of innate inflammatory mediators such as IP-10 and TNF-α. HAART was associated with cytokine profiles that more closely resembled those of HIV-uninfected women. The distinctive pattern of cytokine levels in the three study groups may provide insights into HIV pathogenesis, and responses to therapy.
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Cerebral edema and a transtentorial brain herniation syndrome associated with pandemic swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 18:1245-8. [PMID: 21742505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute encephalitis, encephalopathy, and seizures are known rare neurologic sequelae of respiratory tract infection with seasonal influenza A and B virus, but the neurological complications of the pandemic 2009 swine influenza A (H1N1) virus, particularly in adults, are ill-defined. We document two young adults suffering from H1N1-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and renal failure who developed cerebral edema. The patients acutely developed a transtentorial brain herniation syndrome including a unilateral third nerve palsy (dilated and unresponsive pupils), elevated intracranial pressure, coma, and radiological evidence of diffuse cerebral edema. In both patients, neurological deterioration occurred in the context of hyponatremia and a systemic inflammatory state. These patients illustrate that severe neurologic complications, including malignant cerebral edema, can occur in adults infected with H1N1 virus, and illustrate the need for close neurological monitoring of potential neurological morbidities in future pandemics.
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Alleva LM, Gualano RC, Clark IA. Current work and future possibilities for the management of severe influenza: using immunomodulatory agents that target the host response. Future Virol 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.11.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we argue the case that the excessive inflammatory response seen in severe influenza contributes to severe illness and death by disabling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, leading to reduced cellular levels of ATP. When the mitochondrial permeability transition is induced, cells cannot die by apoptosis in the face of reduced ATP levels, because apoptosis depends upon ATP availability, and so cells undergo necrosis. Cellular necrosis causes release of proinflammatory molecules such as high mobility group box 1 protein and mitochondrial DNA, and these could contribute to the prolongation of inflammation during severe influenza. With these concepts in mind, we discuss how immunomodulatory agents that prevent cellular necrosis (by restoring mitochondrial function) and limit inflammation are promising influenza treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa C Gualano
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ian A Clark
- Division of Biomedical Science & Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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Pinto R, Herold S, Cakarova L, Hoegner K, Lohmeyer J, Planz O, Pleschka S. Inhibition of influenza virus-induced NF-kappaB and Raf/MEK/ERK activation can reduce both virus titers and cytokine expression simultaneously in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res 2011; 92:45-56. [PMID: 21641936 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus (IV) infection can cause severe pneumonia and death. Therapeutic actions are limited to vaccines and a few anti-viral drugs. These target viral functions thereby selecting resistant variants. During replication IV activates the Raf/MEK/ERK-cascade and the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Both result in virus supportive and anti-viral effects by promoting viral genome transport for virus assembly and by inducing expression of pro-inflammatory host factors. Apart from tissue damage caused by the virus lytic replication, an imbalanced overproduction of anti-viral cytokines can cause severe lung damage as observed in human H5-type IV infections. Recently we showed that inhibition of NF-kappaB activity reduces the virus titer in vitro and in vivo. We have now analyzed whether inhibition of these pathways, allows simultaneous reduction of virus titers and virus-induced cytokines. The results show that inhibition of either pathway indeed leads to decreased virus titers and cytokine expression. This was not only true for infected permanent cells or primary mouse alveolar epithelial cells, but also in infected mice. Hereby we demonstrate for the first time in vitro and in vivo that virus titers and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression can be modulated simultaneously. This could provide a new rationale of future therapeutic strategies to treat IV pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Pinto
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 107, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Riscili BP, Anderson TB, Prescott HC, Exline MC, Sopirala MM, Phillips GS, Ali NA. An assessment of H1N1 influenza-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome severity after adjustment for treatment characteristics. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18166. [PMID: 21464952 PMCID: PMC3064596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pandemic influenza caused significant increases in healthcare utilization across several continents including the use of high-intensity rescue therapies like extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). The severity of illness observed with pandemic influenza in 2009 strained healthcare resources. Because lung injury in ARDS can be influenced by daily management and multiple organ failure, we performed a retrospective cohort study to understand the severity of H1N1 associated ARDS after adjustment for treatment. Sixty subjects were identified in our hospital with ARDS from “direct injury” within 24 hours of ICU admission over a three month period. Twenty-three subjects (38.3%) were positive for H1N1 within 72 hours of hospitalization. These cases of H1N1-associated ARDS were compared to non-H1N1 associated ARDS patients. Subjects with H1N1-associated ARDS were younger and more likely to have a higher body mass index (BMI), present more rapidly and have worse oxygenation. Severity of illness (SOFA score) was directly related to worse oxygenation. Management was similar between the two groups on the day of admission and subsequent five days with respect to tidal volumes used, fluid balance and transfusion practices. There was, however, more frequent use of “rescue” therapy like prone ventilation, HFOV or ECMO in H1N1 patients. First morning set tidal volumes and BMI were significantly associated with increased severity of lung injury (Lung injury score, LIS) at presentation and over time while prior prescription of statins was protective. After assessment of the effect of these co-interventions LIS was significantly higher in H1N1 patients. Patients with pandemic influenza-associated ARDS had higher LIS both at presentation and over the course of the first six days of treatment when compared to non-H1N1 associated ARDS controls. The difference in LIS persisted over the duration of observation in patients with H1N1 possibly explaining the increased duration of mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent P. Riscili
- The Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tyler B. Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hallie C. Prescott
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Matthew C. Exline
- The Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Madhuri M. Sopirala
- The Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gary S. Phillips
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Naeem A. Ali
- The Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Raftogiannis M, Antonopoulou A, Baziaka F, Spyridaki A, Koutoukas P, Tsaganos T, Savva A, Pistiki A, Georgitsi M, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. Indication for a role of regulatory T cells for the advent of influenza A (H1N1)-related pneumonia. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 161:576-83. [PMID: 20646008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (T(regs) ) have an anti-inflammatory role. A former study in a limited number of patients found that absolute counts of T(regs) increase when infection by the new influenza H1N1 virus is complicated with pneumonia. These results generate the question if H1N1-related pneumonia is associated with a state of hypo-inflammation. A total of 135 patients were enrolled with blood sampling within less than 24 h from diagnosis; 23 with flu-like syndrome; 69 with uncomplicated H1N1-infection; seven with bacterial pneumonia; and 36 with H1N1-related pneumonia. T(regs) and CD14/HLA-DR co-expression were estimated by flow cytometry; concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), of interleukin (IL)-6 and of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) by an enzyme immunoassay; those of procalcitonin (PCT) by immuno-time-resolved amplified cryptate technology assay. Expression of human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR) on monocytes was similar between groups; absolute T(reg) counts were greater among patients with H1N1-related pneumonia than flu-like syndrome or H1N1-uncomplicated infection. Serum TNF-α of patients with bacterial pneumonia was greater than those of other groups, but IL-10 was similar between groups. Serum PCT was greater among patients with H1N1-related pneumonia and sTREM-1 among those with H1N1-related pneumonia. Regression analysis revealed that the most important factors related with the advent of pneumonia were the existence of underlying illnesses (P = 0·006) and of T(regs) equal to or above 16 mm(3) (P = 0·013). It is concluded that the advent of H1N1-related pneumonia is related to an early increase of the absolute T(reg) counts. This increase is probably not part of a hypo-inflammatory state of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raftogiannis
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
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Bewick T, Myles P, Greenwood S, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Brett SJ, Semple MG, Openshaw PJ, Bannister B, Read RC, Taylor BL, McMenamin J, Enstone JE, Nicholson KG, Lim WS. Clinical and laboratory features distinguishing pandemic H1N1 influenza-related pneumonia from interpandemic community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Thorax 2011; 66:247-52. [PMID: 21252388 PMCID: PMC3047189 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.151522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of patients with H1N1 influenza-related pneumonia is desirable for the early instigation of antiviral agents. A study was undertaken to investigate whether adults admitted to hospital with H1N1 influenza-related pneumonia could be distinguished clinically from patients with non-H1N1 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS Between May 2009 and January 2010, clinical and epidemiological data of patients with confirmed H1N1 influenza infection admitted to 75 hospitals in the UK were collected by the Influenza Clinical Information Network (FLU-CIN). Adults with H1N1 influenza-related pneumonia were identified and compared with a prospective study cohort of adults with CAP hospitalised between September 2008 and June 2010, excluding those admitted during the period of the pandemic. RESULTS Of 1046 adults with confirmed H1N1 influenza infection in the FLU-CIN cohort, 254 (25%) had H1N1 influenza-related pneumonia on admission to hospital. In-hospital mortality of these patients was 11.4% compared with 14.0% in patients with inter-pandemic CAP (n=648). A multivariate logistic regression model was generated by assigning one point for each of five clinical criteria: age ≤ 65 years, mental orientation, temperature ≥ 38 °C, leucocyte count ≤ 12 × 10(9)/l and bilateral radiographic consolidation. A score of 4 or 5 predicted H1N1 influenza-related pneumonia with a positive likelihood ratio of 9.0. A score of 0 or 1 had a positive likelihood ratio of 75.7 for excluding it. CONCLUSION There are substantial clinical differences between H1N1 influenza-related pneumonia and inter-pandemic CAP. A model based on five simple clinical criteria enables the early identification of adults admitted with H1N1 influenza-related pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bewick
- Department of RespiratoryMedicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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Rebel JMJ, Peeters B, Fijten H, Post J, Cornelissen J, Vervelde L. Highly pathogenic or low pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H7N1 infection in chicken lungs: small differences in general acute responses. Vet Res 2011; 42:10. [PMID: 21314972 PMCID: PMC3037890 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus can be divided into two groups, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) and low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAI) based on their difference in virulence. To investigate if the difference in clinical outcome between LPAI and HPAI in chickens is due to immunological host responses in the lung within the first 24 hours post infection (hpi), chickens were infected with LPAI or HPAI of subtype H7N1. Virus was found in the caudal and cranial part of the lung. With LPAI, virus was localised around the intrapulmonary bronchus and secondary bronchi. In sharp contrast, HPAI was detected throughout the whole lung. However, based on viral RNA levels, no quantitative difference was observed between LPAI and HPAI infected birds. In infected areas of the lungs, an influx of CD8α+ cells as well as KUL01+ macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) occurred as fast as 8 hpi in both infected groups. No major difference between LPAI and HPAI infected birds in the induction of cytokines and interferons at mRNA level in lung tissue was found.In conclusion, the differences in lethality for chickens infected with LPAI or HPAI could be ascribed to difference in location of the virus. However similar amounts of viral RNA, similar cytokine mRNA levels, and similar influxes of CD8α+ and KUL01+ macrophages and DC were found between HPAI and LPAI in the lungs. A cytokine storm at mRNA level as described for mammals was not observed in the lungs of HPAI infected birds within 24 hpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M J Rebel
- Central Veterinary Institute, PO box 65, 8219 PH Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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Powell ND, Mays JW, Bailey MT, Hanke ML, Sheridan JF. Immunogenic dendritic cells primed by social defeat enhance adaptive immunity to influenza A virus. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:46-52. [PMID: 20656014 PMCID: PMC2991426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) sample their surrounding microenvironment and consequently send immunogenic or regulatory signals to T cells during DC/T cell interactions, shaping the primary adaptive immune response to infection. The microenvironment resulting from repeated social defeat increases DC co-stimulatory molecule expression and primes DCs for enhanced cytokine responses in vitro. In this study, we show that social disruption stress (SDR) results in the generation of immunogenic DCs, capable of conferring enhanced adaptive immunity to influenza A/PR/8/34 infection. Mice infected with influenza A/PR/8/34 virus 24 h after the adoptive transfer of DCs from SDR mice had significantly increased numbers of D(b)NP(366-74)CD8(+) T cells, increased IFN-γ and IFN-α mRNA, and decreased influenza M1 mRNA expression in the lung during the peak primary response (9 days post-infection), compared to mice that received DCs from naïve mice. These data demonstrate that repeated social defeat is a significant environmental influence on immunogenic DC activation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Powell
- Section of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jacqueline W. Mays
- Section of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael T. Bailey
- Section of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark L. Hanke
- Section of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John F. Sheridan
- Section of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Pheophorbide a: A photosensitizer with immunostimulating activities on mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in the absence of irradiation. Cell Immunol 2011; 269:60-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Lee N, Chan PKS, Wong CK, Wong KT, Choi KW, Joynt GM, Lam P, Chan MCW, Wong BCK, Lui GCY, Sin WWY, Wong RYK, Lam WY, Yeung ACM, Leung TF, So HY, Yu AWY, Sung JJY, Hui DSC. Viral clearance and inflammatory response patterns in adults hospitalized for pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus pneumonia. Antivir Ther 2011; 16:237-47. [PMID: 21447873 DOI: 10.3851/imp1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Barbé F, Atanasova K, Van Reeth K. Cytokines and acute phase proteins associated with acute swine influenza infection in pigs. Vet J 2011; 187:48-53. [PMID: 20097110 PMCID: PMC7129392 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study set out to investigate the cytokines and acute phase proteins (APPs) associated with the acute stages of experimentally-induced swine influenza virus (SIV) infection in 3-week-old, colostrum-deprived, caesarean-derived piglets. The piglets were inoculated intratracheally with 10(7.5) 50% egg infective dose [EID(50)] Swine/Belgium/1/98 (H1N1) SIV and were euthanased at time-points between 0 and 120h post-inoculation (PI). Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung homogenates and sera were examined for inflammatory mediators by bioassay or ELISA. Interferon (IFN)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α peaked in BALF 24-30h PI, when virus titres and the severity of clinical signs were maximal. Whereas IFN-γ and IL-12, but not IL-18, increased in tandem in BALF, serum cytokine concentrations were either undetectable or were up to 100-fold lower. The APP C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin peaked 24h later than the cytokines and reached higher levels in serum than in BALF. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) only increased in BALF. Lung virus titres tightly correlated with BALF IFN-α, IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-12, as well as with serum IL-6, IFN-α and IFN-γ. Signs of disease correlated with the same cytokines in BALF and serum, as well as with BALF LBP and serum CRP. The findings suggest that IFN-γ and IL-12 play a role in the pathogenesis of SIV and that APPs are induced by cytokines. This influenza infection model may have value in assessing the therapeutic potential of cytokine antagonists.
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Alleva LM, Cai C, Clark IA. Using Complementary and Alternative Medicines to Target the Host Response during Severe Influenza. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2010; 7:501-10. [PMID: 19779008 PMCID: PMC2892358 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is now accepted that an overwhelming inflammatory response is the cause of human deaths from avian H5N1 influenza infection. With this in mind we sought to examine the literature for examples of complementary and alternative medicines that reduce inflammation, and to place the results of this search in the context of our own work in a mouse model of influenza disease, using a pharmaceutical agent with anti-inflammatory properties. Two Chinese herbs, Angelica sinensis (Dang Gui) and Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), have been recently shown to protect mice during lethal experimental sepsis via inhibition of the novel inflammatory cytokine High Mobility Group Box 1 protein (HMGB1). Biochanin A, a ligand of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) alpha and gamma and the active isoflavone in Trifolium pratense (red clover), has anti-inflammatory properties, and thus could be used as an influenza treatment. This is of great interest since we have recently shown that gemfibrozil, a drug used to treat hyperlipidemia in humans and a synthetic ligand of PPAR alpha, significantly reduces the mortality associated with influenza infections in mice. The inflammation-modulating abilities of these natural agents should be considered in light of what is now known about the mechanisms of fatal influenza, and tested as potential candidates for influenza treatments in their own right, or as adjunct treatments to antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Alleva
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra and Chinese Treatment Centre, Suite 4 Professional Centre, Turner, Australia
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