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Koga S, Takazono T, Namie H, Okuno D, Ito Y, Nakada N, Hirayama T, Takeda K, Ide S, Iwanaga N, Tashiro M, Sakamoto N, Watanabe A, Izumikawa K, Yanagihara K, Tanaka Y, Mukae H. Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells exhibit antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and other filamentous fungi. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0361423. [PMID: 38426765 PMCID: PMC10986472 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03614-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) and mucormycosis are life-threatening diseases, especially among immunocompromised patients. Drug-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus strains have been isolated worldwide, which can pose a serious clinical problem. As IA mainly occurs in patients with compromised immune systems, the ideal therapeutic approach should aim to bolster the immune system. In this study, we focused on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that exhibit immune effector functions and examined the possibility of harnessing this unconventional T cell subset as a novel therapeutic modality for IA. A potent antifungal effect was observed when A. fumigatus (Af293) hyphae were challenged by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells derived from peripheral blood. In addition, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells exhibited antifungal activity against hyphae of all Aspergillus spp., Cunninghamella bertholletiae, and Rhizopus microsporus but not against their conidia. Furthermore, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells also exhibited antifungal activity against azole-resistant A. fumigatus, indicating that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells could be used for treating drug-resistant A. fumigatus. The antifungal activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells depended on cell-to-cell contact with A. fumigatus hyphae, and degranulation characterized by CD107a mobilization seems essential for this activity against A. fumigatus. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells could be developed as a novel modality for treating IA or mucormycosis. IMPORTANCE Invasive aspergillosis (IA) and mucormycosis are often resistant to treatment with conventional antifungal agents and have a high mortality rate. Additionally, effective antifungal treatment is hindered by drug toxicity, given that both fungal and human cells are eukaryotic, and antifungal agents are also likely to act on human cells, resulting in adverse effects. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents specifically targeting fungi is challenging. This study demonstrated the antifungal activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells against various Aspergillus spp. and several Mucorales in vitro and discussed the mechanism underlying their antifungal activity. We indicate that adoptive immunotherapy using Vγ9Vδ2 T cells may offer a new therapeutic approach to IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Koga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takazono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hodaka Namie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuya Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nana Nakada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Health Center, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hirayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shotaro Ide
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Experts Training Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwanaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masato Tashiro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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2
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Feng S, McNehlan ME, Kinsella RL, Sur Chowdhury C, Chavez SM, Naik SK, McKee SR, Van Winkle JA, Dubey N, Samuels A, Swain A, Cui X, Hendrix SV, Woodson R, Kreamalmeyer D, Smirnov A, Artyomov MN, Virgin HW, Wang YT, Stallings CL. Autophagy promotes efficient T cell responses to restrict high-dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:684-697. [PMID: 38413834 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Although autophagy sequesters Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in in vitro cultured macrophages, loss of autophagy in macrophages in vivo does not result in susceptibility to a standard low-dose Mtb infection until late during infection, leaving open questions regarding the protective role of autophagy during Mtb infection. Here we report that loss of autophagy in lung macrophages and dendritic cells results in acute susceptibility of mice to high-dose Mtb infection, a model mimicking active tuberculosis. Rather than observing a role for autophagy in controlling Mtb replication in macrophages, we find that autophagy suppresses macrophage responses to Mtb that otherwise result in accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and subsequent defects in T cell responses. Our finding that the pathogen-plus-susceptibility gene interaction is dependent on dose has important implications both for understanding how Mtb infections in humans lead to a spectrum of outcomes and for the potential use of autophagy modulators in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Feng
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael E McNehlan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel L Kinsella
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chanchal Sur Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sthefany M Chavez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sumanta K Naik
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel R McKee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacob A Van Winkle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Neha Dubey
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amanda Samuels
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amanda Swain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Skyler V Hendrix
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Reilly Woodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Darren Kreamalmeyer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Asya Smirnov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Naidoo L, Arumugam T, Ramsuran V. Host Genetic Impact on Infectious Diseases among Different Ethnic Groups. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:2300181. [PMID: 38099246 PMCID: PMC10716055 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202300181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) are problematic globally, with high prevalence particularly in Africa, attributing to most of the death rates. There have been immense efforts toward developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies for these pathogens globally, however, some remain uncured. Disease susceptibility and progression for malaria, TB, HIV, and COVID-19 vary among individuals and are attributed to precautionary measures, environment, host, and pathogen genetics. While studying individuals with similar attributes, it is suggested that host genetics contributes to most of an individual's susceptibility to disease. Several host genes are identified to associate with these pathogens. Interestingly, many of these genes and polymorphisms are common across diseases. This paper analyzes genes and genetic variations within host genes associated with HIV, TB, malaria, and COVID-19 among different ethnic groups. The differences in host-pathogen interaction among these groups, particularly of Caucasian and African descent, and which gene polymorphisms are prevalent in an African population that possesses protection or risk to disease are reviewed. The information in this review could potentially help develop personalized treatment that could effectively combat the high disease burden in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Naidoo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
| | - Thilona Arumugam
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
| | - Veron Ramsuran
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)University of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
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4
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Carreto-Binaghi LE, Sartillo-Mendoza LG, Muñoz-Torrico M, Guzmán-Beltrán S, Carranza C, Torres M, González Y, Juárez E. Serum pro-inflammatory biomarkers associated with improvement in quality of life in pulmonary tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241121. [PMID: 37753080 PMCID: PMC10518397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary dysfunction is an underestimated complication in tuberculosis (TB) infection, affecting quality of life (QoL). Although respiratory function tests objectively reflect lung disturbances in a specific moment, predictors of illness severity at the time of diagnosis are still lacking. Methods We measured serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-8), eicosanoids (PGE2, LTB4, RvD1, Mar1, and LXA4), a marker of tissue damage (cell-free nucleosomes), and indicators of redox status (malonaldehyde, 8-isoprostane, total oxidants, and antioxidants), as well as a score of radiological abnormalities (SRA) and a QoL questionnaire, in 25 patients with pulmonary TB at the time of diagnosis (t0) and two months after the initiation of treatment (t2). Results We found higher antioxidant levels in the patients with the worst QoL at t0, and all the indicators of the prooxidant state were significantly reduced at t2, while the total antioxidant levels increased. LTB4, a pro-inflammatory eicosanoid, was diminished at t2, while all the pro-resolutory lipids decreased substantially. Significant correlations between the SRA and the QoL scores were observed, the latter showing a substantial reduction at t2, ranking it as a reliable tool for monitoring disease evolution during TB treatment. Discussion These results suggest that evaluating a combination of these markers might be a valuable predictor of QoL improvement and a treatment response indicator; in particular, the oxidation metabolites and eicosanoid ratios could also be proposed as a future target for adjuvant therapies to reduce inflammation-associated lung injury in TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Carreto-Binaghi
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luis Gustavo Sartillo-Mendoza
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
- Becario de la Dirección General de Calidad y Educación en Salud, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marcela Muñoz-Torrico
- Clínica de Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Claudia Carranza
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Martha Torres
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Yolanda González
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Esmeralda Juárez
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico, Mexico
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5
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Larson EC, Ellis AL, Rodgers MA, Gubernat AK, Gleim JL, Moriarty RV, Balgeman AJ, Menezes YK, Ameel CL, Fillmore DJ, Pergalske SM, Juno JA, Maiello P, White AG, Borish HJ, Godfrey DI, Kent SJ, Ndhlovu LC, O’Connor SL, Scanga CA. Host Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Is Similar in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-Infected, Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated and SIV-Naïve Juvenile Macaques. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0055822. [PMID: 37039653 PMCID: PMC10187125 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00558-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-existing HIV infection increases tuberculosis (TB) risk in children. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces, but does not abolish, this risk in children with HIV. The immunologic mechanisms involved in TB progression in both HIV-naive and HIV-infected children have not been explored. Much of our current understanding is based on human studies in adults and adult animal models. In this study, we sought to model childhood HIV/Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) coinfection in the setting of ART and characterize T cells during TB progression. Macaques equivalent to 4 to 8 year-old children were intravenously infected with SIVmac239M, treated with ART 3 months later, and coinfected with Mtb 3 months after initiating ART. SIV-naive macaques were similarly infected with Mtb alone. TB pathology and total Mtb burden did not differ between SIV-infected, ART-treated and SIV-naive macaques, although lung Mtb burden was lower in SIV-infected, ART-treated macaques. No major differences in frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and unconventional T cell subsets (Vγ9+ γδ T cells, MAIT cells, and NKT cells) in airways were observed between SIV-infected, ART-treated and SIV-naive macaques over the course of Mtb infection, with the exception of CCR5+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells which were slightly lower. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequencies did not differ in the lung granulomas. Immune checkpoint marker levels were similar, although ki-67 levels in CD8+ T cells were elevated. Thus, ART treatment of juvenile macaques, 3 months after SIV infection, resulted in similar progression of Mtb and T cell responses compared to Mtb in SIV-naive macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C. Larson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy L. Ellis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mark A. Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abigail K. Gubernat
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janelle L. Gleim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan V. Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexis J. Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yonne K. Menezes
- Department of Immunobiology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cassaundra L. Ameel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J. Fillmore
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Skyler M. Pergalske
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander G. White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H. Jacob Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Centre Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Charles A. Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Gupta S, Banerjee M, Gauba K, Mitra P, Shekhawat J, Chauhan N, Borana H, Rao M, Yadav D, Sharma P. Role of interleukin-22 in tuberculosis patients. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:83-89. [PMID: 36239667 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2022-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disease progression of tuberculosis (TB) depends on the balance between the microorganism's virulence and the host defense systems (mainly T cell-mediated immune response). Interleukin-22 (IL-22) helps in cell proliferation and regeneration and provides protection against microbial diseases. The IL-22-producing T cells can migrate into the granulomas during TB infection. However, disparity exists in literature regarding its role. The present study aims to compare serum IL-22 levels and its' expression in TB patients and healthy controls. METHODS 87 TB patients and 85 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Under aseptic conditions, venous blood was withdrawn. Serum IL-22 levels were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and its gene expression was assessed using SYBR green-based quantitative PCR technology. A statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) of serum IL-22 levels was significantly lower in TB patients (18.55 (5.08) pg/mL) when compared to controls (49.38 (162.88) pg/mL) (p<0.0001). The IL-22 expression was significantly upregulated with a fold change value of 29.44 in TB patients. CONCLUSIONS The IL-22 levels were found to be significantly decreased in patients, contradictory to its expression, which is upregulated. It plays a crucial role for the modulation of tissues in response to TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Mithu Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Kavya Gauba
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.,Department of Biochemistry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyoti Shekhawat
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Nishant Chauhan
- Department of Pulmonology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Hemant Borana
- Department of Pulmonology, Dr. S N Medical College, Jodhpur, India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, India
| | - Dharmveer Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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7
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Zhang Z, Mai Q, Yang L, Chen Y, Chen Z, Lin T, Tan S, Wu Z, Cai Y, Cui T, Ouyang B, Yang Y, Zeng L, Ge Z, Zhang S, Zeng G, Pi J, Chen L. MicroRNA-31 mediated by interferon regulatory factor 7 signaling facilitates control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Int J Med Microbiol 2022; 312:151569. [PMID: 36274382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2022.151569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection remains a global most deadly infectious disease. While development of more effective TB vaccines and therapeutics relies on identifications of true biomarkers designating an immune protection against M. tuberculosis infection, exact protective immune components against M. tuberculosis infection remain largely unidentified. We previously found that severe TB induced remarkable up-regulation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) and IRF7-related gene signatures, implicating that some unknown downstream molecules in IRF7 signaling cascades may determine the M. tuberculosis infection outcomes and serve as a protective immune component against M. tuberculosis infection. Indeed, here, we observe that genetic ablation of IRF7 leads to more severe lung pathology, increased M. tuberculosis burdens, impaired differentiation of effector/memory T subsets, and extensively elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lungs. Importantly, IRF7 is vital for sustaining expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and PD-1/PD-L1-modulated miRNA-31. Moreover, interventions of miRNA-31 expressions via administration of miRNA-31 agomir reduces lung pathology and bacilli burdens via inducing up-regulation of gene sets involved in biological processes of defense response or cellular and chemical homeostasis in lungs. Thus, this study uncovers previously unrecognized importance and mechanisms of IRF7-mediated miRNA-31 as a protective immune component against M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiongdan Mai
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lijia Yang
- College of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zixu Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shimin Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhiying Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongjie Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Taimei Cui
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Beiyin Ouyang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lingchan Zeng
- Clinical Department ResearchCenter, Department of Medical Records Management, Guanghua School ofStomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhenhuang Ge
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Sien Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiang Pi
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Lingming Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.
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8
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Makatsa MS, Omondi FMA, Bunjun R, Wilkinson RJ, Riou C, Burgers WA. Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific Th22 Cells and the Effect of Tuberculosis Disease and HIV Coinfection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:446-455. [PMID: 35777848 PMCID: PMC9339498 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of a highly effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is likely dependent on our understanding of what constitutes a protective immune response to TB. Accumulating evidence suggests that CD4+ T cells producing IL-22, a distinct subset termed "Th22" cells, may contribute to protective immunity to TB. Thus, we characterized Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific Th22 (and Th1 and Th17) cells in 72 people with latent TB infection or TB disease, with and without HIV-1 infection. We investigated the functional properties (IFN-γ, IL-22, and IL-17 production), memory differentiation (CD45RA, CD27, and CCR7), and activation profile (HLA-DR) of M. tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells. In HIV-uninfected individuals with latent TB infection, we detected abundant circulating IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells (median, 0.93%) and IL-22-producing CD4+ T cells (median, 0.46%) in response to M. tuberculosis The frequency of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells was much lower, at a median of 0.06%. Consistent with previous studies, IL-22 was produced by a distinct subset of CD4+ T cells and not coexpressed with IL-17. M. tuberculosis-specific IL-22 responses were markedly reduced (median, 0.08%) in individuals with TB disease and HIV coinfection compared with IFN-γ responses. M. tuberculosis-specific Th22 cells exhibited a distinct memory and activation phenotype compared with Th1 and Th17 cells. Furthermore, M. tuberculosis-specific IL-22 was produced by conventional CD4+ T cells that required TCR engagement. In conclusion, we confirm that Th22 cells are a component of the human immune response to TB. Depletion of M. tuberculosis-specific Th22 cells during HIV coinfection may contribute to increased risk of TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohau S Makatsa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - F Millicent A Omondi
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rubina Bunjun
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K.; and
- Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill laboratory, London, U.K
| | - Catherine Riou
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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9
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Gary EN, Tursi NJ, Warner B, Parzych EM, Ali AR, Frase D, Moffat E, Embury-Hyatt C, Smith TRF, Broderick KE, Humeau L, Kobasa D, Patel A, Kulp DW, Weiner DB. Mucosal chemokine adjuvant enhances synDNA vaccine-mediated responses to SARS-CoV-2 and provides heterologous protection in vivo. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100693. [PMID: 35839767 PMCID: PMC9237025 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has claimed more than 5 million lives. Emerging variants of concern (VOCs) continually challenge viral control. Directing vaccine-induced humoral and cell-mediated responses to mucosal surfaces may enhance vaccine efficacy. Here we investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of optimized synthetic DNA plasmids encoding wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (pS) co-formulated with the plasmid-encoded mucosal chemokine cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (pCTACK; CCL27). pCTACK-co-immunized animals exhibit increased spike-specific antibodies at the mucosal surface and increased frequencies of interferon gamma (IFNγ)+ CD8+ T cells in the respiratory mucosa. pCTACK co-immunization confers 100% protection from heterologous Delta VOC challenge. This study shows that mucosal chemokine adjuvants can direct vaccine-induced responses to specific immunological sites and have significant effects on heterologous challenge. Further study of this unique chemokine-adjuvanted vaccine approach in the context of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is likely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony N Gary
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Tursi
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bryce Warner
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Parzych
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali R Ali
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew Frase
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ami Patel
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel W Kulp
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Davila ML, Xu M, Huang C, Gaddes ER, Winter L, Cantorna MT, Wang Y, Xiong N. CCL27 is a crucial regulator of immune homeostasis of the skin and mucosal tissues. iScience 2022; 25:104426. [PMID: 35663027 PMCID: PMC9157018 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant immune cells reside in barrier tissues. Understanding the regulation of these cells can yield insights on their roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Here, we report that the chemokine CCL27 is critical for establishment of resident lymphocytes and immune homeostasis in barrier tissues. CCL27 expression is associated with normal skin and hair follicle development independent of commensal bacterial stimulation, indicative of a homeostatic role for the chemokine. Accordingly, in the skin of CCL27-knockout mice, there is a reduced presence and dysregulated localization of T cells that express CCR10, the cognate receptor to CCL27. Besides, CCL27-knockout mice have overreactive skin inflammatory responses in an imiquimod-induced model of psoriasis. Beyond the skin, CCL27-knockout mice have increased infiltration of CCR10+ T cells into lungs and reproductive tracts, the latter of which also exhibit spontaneous inflammation. Our findings demonstrate that CCL27 is critical for immune homeostasis across barrier tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha L Davila
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7758, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7758, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Chengyu Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7758, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Erin R Gaddes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 526 CBEB, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Levi Winter
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Margherita T Cantorna
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 526 CBEB, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Na Xiong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7758, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Medicine-Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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11
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Chen L, Zhang G, Li G, Wang W, Ge Z, Yang Y, He X, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Mai Q, Chen Y, Chen Z, Pi J, Yang S, Cui J, Liu H, Shen L, Zeng L, Zhou L, Chen X, Ge B, Chen ZW, Zeng G. Ifnar gene variants influence gut microbial production of palmitoleic acid and host immune responses to tuberculosis. Nat Metab 2022; 4:359-373. [PMID: 35288721 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Both host genetics and the gut microbiome have important effects on human health, yet how host genetics regulates gut bacteria and further determines disease susceptibility remains unclear. Here, we find that the gut microbiome pattern of participants with active tuberculosis is characterized by a reduction of core species found across healthy individuals, particularly Akkermansia muciniphila. Oral treatment of A. muciniphila or A. muciniphila-mediated palmitoleic acid strongly inhibits tuberculosis infection through epigenetic inhibition of tumour necrosis factor in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We use three independent cohorts comprising 6,512 individuals and identify that the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2257167 'G' allele of type I interferon receptor 1 (encoded by IFNAR1 in humans) contributes to stronger type I interferon signalling, impaired colonization and abundance of A. muciniphila, reduced palmitoleic acid production, higher levels of tumour necrosis factor, and more severe tuberculosis disease in humans and transgenic mice. Thus, host genetics are critical in modulating the structure and functions of gut microbiome and gut microbial metabolites, which further determine disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingming Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infection Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guobao Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Infection Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Zhenhuang Ge
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing He
- National Clinical Research Center for Infection Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infection Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongdan Mai
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixu Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Pi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shuai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lingchan Zeng
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Records Management, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Guangdong Center for Tuberculosis Control, National Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoxue Ge
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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PD-L1 Expression in Monocytes Correlates with Bacterial Burden and Treatment Outcomes in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031619. [PMID: 35163542 PMCID: PMC8836118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is critical in T cell biology; however, the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients is unclear. We prospectively enrolled PTB, latent TB infection (LTBI), and non-TB, non-LTBI subjects. The expression of PD-1/PD-L1 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured and correlated with clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in PTB patients. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to visualize PD-1/PD-L1-expressing cells in lung tissues from PTB patients and from murine with heat-killed MTB (HK-MTB) treatment. A total of 76 PTB, 40 LTBI, and 28 non-TB, non-LTBI subjects were enrolled. The expression of PD-1 on CD4+ T cells and PD-L1 on CD14+ monocytes was significantly higher in PTB cases than non-TB subjects. PTB patients with sputum smear/culture unconversion displayed higher PD-L1 expression on monocytes. PD-L1-expressing macrophages were identified in lung tissue from PTB patients, and co-localized with macrophages in murine lung tissues. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) whole cell lysate/EsxA stimulation of human and mouse macrophages demonstrated increased PD-L1 expression. In conclusion, increased expression of PD-L1 on monocytes in PTB patients correlated with higher bacterial burden and worse treatment outcomes. The findings suggest the involvement of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in MTB-related immune responses.
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13
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Chen GL, Guo L, Yang S, Ji DM. Cancer risk in tuberculosis patients in a high endemic area. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:679. [PMID: 34107921 PMCID: PMC8190842 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) may facilitate carcinogenesis. We performed a case-control study of the association between TB and cancer in Xinjiang, a high TB endemic area of China. METHODS From January 2016 to December 2018, a total of 45,455 patients hospitalized in Xinjiang Cancer Hospital were consecutively enrolled and divided into a malignant tumor group (n = 32,539) and a benign tumor group (n = 12,916). Patients with active and previous TB before the diagnosis of cancer were retrospectively identified in the two groups. RESULTS A significantly higher proportion of TB was found in the malignant tumor group (n = 1776, 5.46%) than in the control (benign tumor) group (n = 175, 1.35%) (p < 0.0001). The highest and lowest proportions of TB in the malignant group were in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (16.74%) and thyroid cancer (0.77%), respectively. In multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, TB remained an independent risk factor for all cancers (odds ratio (OR) 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-1.97). Furthermore, TB was associated with a significantly higher risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, "other" cancers, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer. Moreover, females with TB were more likely to develop cancer than males (p < 0.0001), except for esophageal cancer and lymphoma. CONCLUSION TB patients have an elevated cancer risk. A screening strategy for TB should be taken into consideration before treatment in patients with some cancer types that are associated with a high proportion of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Oncology, Xinjiang Cancer Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Shun'e Yang
- Department of Oncology, Xinjiang Cancer Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Dong-Mei Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 4333, Kangxin Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201135, China.
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14
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Kumar S, Bhaskar A, Patnaik G, Sharma C, Singh DK, Kaushik SR, Chaturvedi S, Das G, Dwivedi VP. Intranasal immunization with peptide-based immunogenic complex enhances BCG vaccine efficacy in a murine model of tuberculosis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145228. [PMID: 33444288 PMCID: PMC7934935 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prime-boost immunization strategies are required to control the global tuberculosis (TB) pandemic, which claims approximately 3 lives every minute. Here, we have generated an immunogenic complex against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), consisting of promiscuous T cell epitopes (M.tb peptides) and TLR ligands assembled in liposomes. Interestingly, this complex (peptide–TLR agonist–liposomes; PTL) induced significant activation of CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ production in the PBMCs derived from PPD+ healthy individuals as compared with PPD– controls. Furthermore, intranasal delivery of PTL significantly reduced the bacterial burden in the infected mice by inducing M.tb-specific polyfunctional (IFN-γ+IL-17+TNF-α+IL-2+) immune responses and long-lasting central memory responses, thereby reducing the risk of TB recurrence in DOTS-treated infected animals. The transcriptome analysis of peptide-stimulated immune cells unveiled the molecular basis of enhanced protection. Furthermore, PTL immunization significantly boosted the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin–primed (BCG-primed) immune responses against TB. The greatly enhanced efficacy of the BCG-PTL vaccine model in controlling pulmonary TB projects PTL as an adjunct vaccine against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Patnaik
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chetan Sharma
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Rai Kaushik
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
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15
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Liu S, Liu N, Wang H, Zhang X, Yao Y, Zhang S, Shi L. CCR5 Promoter Polymorphisms Associated With Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Chinese Han Population. Front Immunol 2021; 11:544548. [PMID: 33679683 PMCID: PMC7935552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.544548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major public health concern. Chemokines and their receptors, such as RANTES, CXCR3, and CCR5, have been reported to play important roles in cell activation and migration in immune responses against TB infection. Methods To understand the correlations involving CCR5 gene variations, M. tuberculosis infection, and TB disease progression, a case-control study comprising 450 patients with TB and 306 healthy controls from a Chinese Han population was conducted, along with the detection of polymorphisms in the CCR5 promoter using a sequencing method. Results After adjustment for age and gender, the results of logistic analysis indicated that the frequency of rs2734648-G was significantly higher in the TB patient group (P = 0.002, OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.123-1.696); meanwhile, rs2734648-GG showed notable susceptibility to TB (P = 6.32E-06, OR = 2.173, 95% CI: 1.546-3.056 in a recessive model). The genotypic frequency of rs1799987 also varied between the TB and control groups (P = 0.008). In stratified analysis, rs2734648-GG significantly increased susceptibility to pulmonary TB in a recessive model (P < 0.0001, OR = 2.382, 95% CI: 1.663-3.413), and the rs2734648-G allele significantly increased susceptibility to TB recurrence in a dominant model (P = 0.0032, OR = 1.936, 95% CI: 1.221-3.068), whereas rs1799987-AA was associated with susceptibility to pulmonary TB (P = 0.0078, OR = 1.678, 95% CI: 1.141-2.495 in a recessive model) but not with extra-pulmonary TB and TB recurrence. A haplotype constructed with the major alleles of the eight SNPs in the CCR5 promoter (rs2227010-rs2856758-rs2734648-rs1799987-rs1799988-rs41469351-rs1800023-rs1800024: A-A-G-G-T-C-G-C) exhibited extraordinarily increased risk of susceptibility to TB and pulmonary TB (P = 6.33E-11, OR = 24.887, 95% CI: 6.081-101.841). Conclusion In conclusion, CCR5 promoter polymorphisms were found to be associated with pulmonary TB and TB progression in Chinese Han people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | | | - Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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16
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Imperiale BR, García A, Minotti A, González Montaner P, Moracho L, Morcillo NS, Palmero DJ, Sasiain MDC, de la Barrera S. Th22 response induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is closely related to severity of pulmonary lesions and bacillary load in patients with multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 203:267-280. [PMID: 33128773 PMCID: PMC7806416 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in the pathogenesis or tissue repair in human tuberculosis (TB) remains to be established. Here, we aimed to explore the ex-vivo and in-vitro T helper 22 (Th22) response in TB patients and healthy donors (HD) induced by different local multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Mvcobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains. For this purpose, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from drug-susceptible (S-TB) MDR-TB patients and HD were stimulated with local MDR strains and the laboratory strain H37Rv. IL-22 and IL-17 expression and senescent status were assessed in CD4+ and CD8+ cells by flow cytometry, while IL-22 amount was measured in plasma and culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found lower IL-22 amounts in plasma from TB patients than HD, together with a decrease in the number of circulating T cells expressing IL-22. In a similar manner, all Mtb strains enhanced IL-22 secretion and expanded IL-22+ cells within CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, being the highest levels detected in S-TB patients. In MDR-TB, low systemic and Mtb-induced Th22 responses associated with high sputum bacillary load and bilateralism of lung lesions, suggesting that Th22 response could be influencing the ability of MDR-TB patients to control bacillary growth and tissue damage. In addition, in MDR-TB patients we observed that the higher the percentage of IL-22+ cells, the lower the proportion of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)+ or CD57+ T cells. Furthermore, the highest proportion of senescent T cells was associated with severe lung lesions and bacillary load. Thus, T cell senescence would markedly influence Th22 response mounted by MDR-TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. R. Imperiale
- Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX)‐CONICETNational Academy of MedicineBuenos Aires CityArgentina
| | - A. García
- Dr. F.J. Muñiz HospitalBuenos Aires CityArgentina
| | - A. Minotti
- Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX)‐CONICETNational Academy of MedicineBuenos Aires CityArgentina
| | - P. González Montaner
- Dr. F.J. Muñiz HospitalBuenos Aires CityArgentina
- Vaccareza InstituteUBABuenos Aires CityArgentina
| | - L. Moracho
- Dr. F.J. Muñiz HospitalBuenos Aires CityArgentina
| | - N. S. Morcillo
- Tuberculosis and Mycobacterioses LaboratoryDr. Antonio A. Cetrángolo HospitalBuenos Aires ProvinceArgentina
| | - D. J. Palmero
- Dr. F.J. Muñiz HospitalBuenos Aires CityArgentina
- Vaccareza InstituteUBABuenos Aires CityArgentina
| | - M. del Carmen Sasiain
- Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX)‐CONICETNational Academy of MedicineBuenos Aires CityArgentina
| | - S. de la Barrera
- Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX)‐CONICETNational Academy of MedicineBuenos Aires CityArgentina
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17
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Characterization of Artificial Pneumothorax-Unrelated Pyothorax-Associated Lymphoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3869438. [PMID: 33564306 PMCID: PMC7850845 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3869438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) is a rare disease developing from a long-term pleural cavity inflammation. Most reported PAL cases have a history of artificial pneumothorax. However, the clinical features of artificial pneumothorax-unrelated PAL remain largely unknown. Here, we reported two PAL cases diagnosed from our center in the past ten years. One case developed from asymptomatic pyothorax after pneumonectomy with a latency of 28 years, while the other case showed a relatively short latency of one year. Then we reviewed the literature of artificial pneumothorax-unrelated PAL by searching PubMed and Google Scholar from 2007. In total, nine artificial pneumothorax-unrelated PAL cases were found, predominantly in old male with median age of 76 years (ranging from 51 to 88). Most cases were diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (n = 8, 88.9%) and had evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (n = 6, 66.7%) or tuberculous pleurisy (n = 5, 55.6%). Notably, four cases (44.4%) had short intervals (no more than two years) between pleuritis and PAL. Regarding the overall survival, one-third cases survived more than 5 years after the diagnosis of PAL. In conclusion, the features of artificial pneumothorax-unrelated PAL are comparable with the classic type of PAL, except for some patients with short duration of pleuritis, and need to be identified. Treatment guideline of DLBCL is recommended for the management of PAL.
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18
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Pattanaik KP, Ganguli G, Naik SK, Sonawane A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis EsxL induces TNF-α secretion through activation of TLR2 dependent MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Mol Immunol 2021; 130:133-141. [PMID: 33419561 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) employs distinct strategies to circumvent host immune responses during the infection process. Various Mtb cell-wall associated and secretory proteins are known to play a critical role in the orchestration of host innate immune responses through modulation of signaling pathways. Mtb genome encodes for 23 (EsxA-EsxW) proteins belonging to the ESAT-6 like family; however, most of them are functionally unknown. Here, we show that Mtb EsxL induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production by activating nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) via interaction with Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2). Blocking or silencing of TLR2 abrogated nuclear translocation of NF-kB and TNF-α production. Treatment with recombinant purified EsxL (rEsxL) activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by inducing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinase (p38) pathways. At the same time, inhibition of ERK and p38 down-regulated the expression of TNF-α in rEsxL exposed murine macrophages. Besides TNF-α, EsxL also induced the production of IL-6 proinflammatory cytokine. Taken together, these results suggest that EsxL is able to induce TNF-α secretion via TLR2 through activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling. This study will help in deducing therapeutic strategies for better control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geetanjali Ganguli
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Naik
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, IIT Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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19
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Subbian S, Singh P, Kolloli A, Nemes E, Scriba T, Hanekom WA, Kaplan G. BCG Vaccination of Infants Confers Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain-Specific Immune Responses by Leukocytes. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:3141-3146. [PMID: 33226778 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination against tuberculosis is highly variable, and protective immunity elicited by BCG is poorly understood. We compared the cytokine/chemokine profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from infants BCG-vaccinated at birth to those of PBMC obtained from infants before (delayed) BCG vaccination. The PBMC from 10-week-old BCG-vaccinated infants released higher levels of pro-inflammatory molecules than PBMCs from the nonvaccinated counterpart. In vitro exposure of PBMCs from BCG-vaccinated infants, but not nonvaccinated infants, to two different Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains showed distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine patterns. Thus, BCG-induced infant immune responses and their potential protective capacity may be shaped by the nature of the infecting Mtb strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Subbian
- The Public Health Research Institute at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Pooja Singh
- The Public Health Research Institute at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- The Public Health Research Institute at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Thomas Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Willem A. Hanekom
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Gilla Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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20
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Rozot V, Nemes E, Geldenhuys H, Musvosvi M, Toefy A, Rantangee F, Makhethe L, Erasmus M, Bilek N, Mabwe S, Finak G, Fulp W, Ginsberg AM, Hokey DA, Shey M, Gurunathan S, DiazGranados C, Bekker LG, Hatherill M, Scriba TJ. Multidimensional analyses reveal modulation of adaptive and innate immune subsets by tuberculosis vaccines. Commun Biol 2020; 3:563. [PMID: 33037320 PMCID: PMC7547090 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterize the breadth, function and phenotype of innate and adaptive cellular responses in a prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection trial. Responses are measured by whole blood intracellular cytokine staining at baseline and 70 days after vaccination with H4:IC31 (subunit vaccine containing Ag85B and TB10.4), Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG, a live attenuated vaccine) or placebo (n = ~30 per group). H4:IC31 vaccination induces Ag85B and TB10.4-specific CD4 T cells, and an unexpected NKTlike subset, that expresses IFN-γ, TNF and/or IL-2. BCG revaccination increases frequencies of CD4 T cell subsets that either express Th1 cytokines or IL-22, and modestly increases IFNγ-producing NK cells. In vitro BCG re-stimulation also triggers responses by donor-unrestricted T cells, which may contribute to host responses against mycobacteria. BCG, which demonstrated efficacy against sustained Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, modulates multiple immune cell subsets, in particular conventional Th1 and Th22 cells, which should be investigated in discovery studies of correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Rozot
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hennie Geldenhuys
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Asma Toefy
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frances Rantangee
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lebohang Makhethe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mzwandile Erasmus
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simbarashe Mabwe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Greg Finak
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William Fulp
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Muki Shey
- Aeras South Africa Endpoint Assay Laboratory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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21
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Bucsan AN, Mehra S, Khader SA, Kaushal D. The current state of animal models and genomic approaches towards identifying and validating molecular determinants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5543892. [PMID: 31381766 PMCID: PMC6687098 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are important in understanding both the pathogenesis of and immunity to tuberculosis (TB). Unfortunately, we are beginning to understand that no animal model perfectly recapitulates the human TB syndrome, which encompasses numerous different stages. Furthermore, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a very heterogeneous event at both the levels of pathogenesis and immunity. This review seeks to establish the current understanding of TB pathogenesis and immunity, as validated in the animal models of TB in active use today. We especially focus on the use of modern genomic approaches in these models to determine the mechanism and the role of specific molecular pathways. Animal models have significantly enhanced our understanding of TB. Incorporation of contemporary technologies such as single cell transcriptomics, high-parameter flow cytometric immune profiling, proteomics, proteomic flow cytometry and immunocytometry into the animal models in use will further enhance our understanding of TB and facilitate the development of treatment and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Bucsan
- Tulane Center for Tuberculosis Research, Covington, LA, USA.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | | | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane Center for Tuberculosis Research, Covington, LA, USA.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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22
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Immunization of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells programs sustained effector memory responses that control tuberculosis in nonhuman primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6371-6378. [PMID: 30850538 PMCID: PMC6442559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811380116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the urgent need for a better tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, relevant protective mechanisms remain unknown. We previously defined protective phosphoantigen (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP)–specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells as a unique subset in primates, and, here, we immunized them selectively for protection against TB. A single respiratory vaccination of macaques with attenuated HMBPP-producing Listeria monocytogenes (Lm ΔactA prfA*), but not an HMBPP-lacking ΔgcpE Listeria strain, expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, elicited Th1-like Vγ2Vδ2 T cell responses, and reduced TB infection/pathology after moderate-dose TB challenge. Such protection correlated with rapid memory-like, Th1-like Vγ2Vδ2 T cell responses, the presence of tissue-resident Vγ2Vδ2 T effectors coproducing IFN-γ/perforin and inhibiting intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth, and enhanced CD4+/CD8+ T cell responses. These findings establish a concept incorporating immunization of human Vγ2Vδ2 T cells for TB vaccine development. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading killer among infectious diseases, and a better TB vaccine is urgently needed. The critical components and mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remain incompletely defined. Our previous studies demonstrate that Vγ2Vδ2 T cells specific for (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) phosphoantigen are unique in primates as multifunctional effectors of immune protection against TB infection. Here, we selectively immunized Vγ2Vδ2 T cells and assessed the effect on infection in a rhesus TB model. A single respiratory vaccination of macaques with an HMBPP-producing attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lm ΔactA prfA*) caused prolonged expansion of HMBPP-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in circulating and pulmonary compartments. This did not occur in animals similarly immunized with an Lm ΔgcpE strain, which did not produce HMBPP. Lm ΔactA prfA* vaccination elicited increases in Th1-like Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in the airway, and induced containment of TB infection after pulmonary challenge. The selective immunization of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells reduced lung pathology and mycobacterial dissemination to extrapulmonary organs. Vaccine effects coincided with the fast-acting memory-like response of Th1-like Vγ2Vδ2 T cells and tissue-resident Vγ2Vδ2 effector T cells that produced both IFN-γ and perforin and inhibited intracellular Mtb growth. Furthermore, selective immunization of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells enabled CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to mount earlier pulmonary Th1 responses to TB challenge. Our findings show that selective immunization of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells can elicit fast-acting and durable memory-like responses that amplify responses of other T cell subsets, and provide an approach to creating more effective TB vaccines.
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23
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Latorre I, Fernández-Sanmartín MA, Muriel-Moreno B, Villar-Hernández R, Vila S, Souza-Galvão MLD, Stojanovic Z, Jiménez-Fuentes MÁ, Centeno C, Ruiz-Manzano J, Millet JP, Molina-Pinargote I, González-Díaz YD, Lacoma A, Luque-Chacón L, Sabriá J, Prat C, Domínguez J. Study of CD27 and CCR4 Markers on Specific CD4 + T-Cells as Immune Tools for Active and Latent Tuberculosis Management. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3094. [PMID: 30687314 PMCID: PMC6334476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunological characterization of different cell markers has opened the possibility of considering them as immune tools for tuberculosis (TB) management, as they could correlate with TB latency/disease status and outcome. CD4+ T-cells producing IFN-γ+ with a low expression of CD27 have been described as an active TB marker. In addition, there are unknown homing receptors related to TB, such as CCR4, which might be useful for understanding TB pathogenesis. The aim of our study is focused on the assessment of several T-cell subsets to understand immune-mechanisms in TB. This phenotypic immune characterization is based on the study of the specific immune responses of T-cells expressing CD27 and/or CCR4 homing markers. Subjects enrolled in the study were: (i) 22 adult patients with active TB, and (ii) 26 individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI). Blood samples were drawn from each patient. The expression of CD27 and/or CCR4 markers were analyzed within CD4+ T-cells producing: (i) IFN-γ+, (ii) TNF-α+, (iii) TNF-α+IFN-γ+, and (iv) IFN-γ+ and/or TNF-α+. The percentage of CD27− within all CD4+ T-cell populations analyzed was significantly higher on active TB compared to LTBI after PPD or ESAT-6/CFP-10 stimulation. As previously reported, a ratio based on the CD27 median fluorescence intensity (MFI) was also explored (MFI of CD27 in CD4+ T-cells over MFI of CD27 in IFN-γ+CD4+ T-cells), being significantly increased during disease (p < 0.0001 after PPD or ESAT-6/CFP-10 stimulation). This ratio was also assessed on the other CD4+ T-cells functional profiles after specific stimulation, being significantly associated with active TB. Highest diagnostic accuracies for active TB (AUC ≥ 0.91) were achieved for: (i) CD27 within IFN-γ+TNF-α+CD4+ T-cells in response to ESAT-6/CFP-10, (ii) CD27 and CCR4 markers together within IFN-γ+CD4+ T-cells in response to PPD, and (iii) CD27 MFI ratio performed on IFN-γ+TNF-α+CD4+ T-cells after ESAT-6/CFP-10 stimulation. The lowest diagnostic accuracy was observed when CCR4 marker was evaluated alone (AUC ≤ 0.77). CD27 and CCR4 expression detection could serve as a good method for immunodiagnosis. Moreover, the immunological characterization of markers/subset populations could be a promising tool for understanding the biological basis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Latorre
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Muriel-Moreno
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Villar-Hernández
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Vila
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Zoran Stojanovic
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Centeno
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ruiz-Manzano
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan-Pau Millet
- Serveis Clínics, Unitat Clínica de Tractament Directament Observat de la Tuberculosi, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Molina-Pinargote
- Serveis Clínics, Unitat Clínica de Tractament Directament Observat de la Tuberculosi, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoel D González-Díaz
- Serveis Clínics, Unitat Clínica de Tractament Directament Observat de la Tuberculosi, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Lacoma
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Luque-Chacón
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Sant Joan Despí Moises Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Sabriá
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Sant Joan Despí Moises Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Domínguez
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Jorda A, Cauli O, Santonja JM, Aldasoro M, Aldasoro C, Obrador E, Vila JM, Mauricio MD, Iradi A, Guerra-Ojeda S, Marchio P, Valles SL. Changes in Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors Expression in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:453-463. [PMID: 30745834 PMCID: PMC6367555 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein plus presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) mice are a frequently-used model for Alzheimer's disease studies (AD). However, the data relevant to which proteins are involved in inflammatory mechanism are not sufficiently well-studied using the AD mouse model. Using behavioral studies, quantitative RT-PCR and Western-blot techniques, significant findings were determined by the expression of proteins involved in inflammation comparing APP/PS1 and Wild type mice. Increased GFAP expression could be associated with the elevation in number of reactive astrocytes. IL-3 is involved in inflammation and ABDF1 intervenes normally in the transport across cell membranes and both were found up-regulated in APP/PS1 mice compared to Wild type mice. Furthermore, CCR5 expression was decreased and both CCL3 and CCL4 chemokines were highly expressed indicating a possible gliosis and probably an increase in chemotaxis from lymphocytes and T cell generation. We also noted for the first time, a CCR8 increase expression with diminution of its CCL1 chemokine, both normally involved in protection from bacterial infection and demyelination. Control of inflammatory proteins will be the next step in understanding the progression of AD and also in determining the mechanisms that can develop in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Jorda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia. Spain
| | - Omar Cauli
- Faculty of Surgery and Chiropody, University of Valencia. Spain
| | | | - Martin Aldasoro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia. Spain
| | - Constanza Aldasoro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia. Spain
| | - Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia. Spain
| | - Jose Ma Vila
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia. Spain
| | | | - Antonio Iradi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia. Spain
| | - Sol Guerra-Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia. Spain
| | - Patricia Marchio
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia. Spain
| | - Soraya L Valles
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia. Spain
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25
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Ravan P, Nejad Sattari T, Siadat SD, Vaziri F. Evaluation of the expression of cytokines and chemokines in macrophages in response to rifampin-monoresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and H37Rv strain. Cytokine 2018; 115:127-134. [PMID: 30594437 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the primary phagocytes in the lungs and a part of the host defense system against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), involved in the primary immune response. While several studies have assessed the effects of resistance to rifampin on Mtb physiology, the consequences of mutations in genes encoding the beta subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB) for host-pathogen interactions remain poorly understood. In this study, rifampin-monoresistant (RMR) Mtb and H37Rv strains were used to infect the THP-1-derived macrophages. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR assay was carried out to determine mRNA expression in 84 cytokine and chemokine genes. Production of specific cytokines and chemokines was measured by ELISA assay. In conclusion, the current study shed more light on the fitness cost of RMR strain and the potential effects of rpoB gene mutations on Mtb-host interactions. These results initially demonstrate that the Mtb carrying the rpoB-S450L can modulate macrophage responses to mediate bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Ravan
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Nejad Sattari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Shiromizu CM, Jancic CC. γδ T Lymphocytes: An Effector Cell in Autoimmunity and Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2389. [PMID: 30386339 PMCID: PMC6198062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are non-conventional lymphocytes which show several properties of innate immune cells. They present a limited TCR repertoire and circulate as cells with a pre-activated phenotype thus being able to generate rapid immune responses. γδ T cells do not recognize classical peptide antigens, their TCRs are non-MHC restricted and they can respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and to cytokines in absence of TCR ligands. They also recognize self-molecules induced by stress, which indicate infection and cellular transformation. All these features let γδ T cells act as a first line of defense in sterile and non-sterile inflammation. γδ T cells represent 1–10% of circulating lymphocytes in the adult human peripheral blood, they are widely localized in non-lymphoid tissues and constitute the majority of immune cells in some epithelial surfaces, where they participate in the maintenance of the epithelial barriers. γδ T cells produce a wide range of cytokines that orchestrate the course of immune responses and also exert high cytotoxic activity against infected and transformed cells. In contrast to their beneficial role during infection, γδ T cells are also implicated in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, several functions of γδ T cells are susceptible to modulation by interaction with other cells. In this review, we give an overview of the γδ T cell participation in infection and autoimmunity. We also revise the underlying mechanisms that modulate γδ T cell function that might provide tools to control pathological immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maiumi Shiromizu
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX) - CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Cristina Jancic
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX) - CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ronacher K, Sinha R, Cestari M. IL-22: An Underestimated Player in Natural Resistance to Tuberculosis? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2209. [PMID: 30319650 PMCID: PMC6167461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of individuals latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) develop active tuberculosis (TB) during their lifetime. Although it is well recognized that T-helper 1 immune responses are crucial for containing latent TB infection, the full array of host factors conferring protective immunity from TB progression are not completely understood. IL-22 is produced by cells of the innate and adaptive immune system including innate lymphoid cells, and natural killer cells as well as T lymphocytes (Th1, Th17, and Th22) and binds to its cognate receptor, the IL-22R1, which is expressed on non-hematopoietic cells such as lung epithelial cells. However, recent studies suggest that Mtb induces expression of the IL-22R1 on infected macrophages and multiple studies have indicated a protective role of IL-22 in respiratory tract infections. Reduced concentrations of circulating IL-22 in active TB compared to latent TB and decreased percentages of Mtb-specific IL-22 producing T cells in TB patients compared to controls designate this cytokine as a key player in TB immunology. More recently, it has been shown that in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and TB co-morbidity serum IL-22 concentrations are further reduced compared to TB patients without co-morbidities. However, whether a causative link between low IL-22 and increased susceptibility to TB and disease severity of TB exists remains to be established. This review summarizes the contribution of IL-22, a potentially under-appreciated key player in natural resistance to TB, at the interface between the immune response to Mtb and the lung epithelium.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Resistance/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/microbiology
- Humans
- Interleukins/immunology
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Latent Tuberculosis/blood
- Latent Tuberculosis/immunology
- Latent Tuberculosis/microbiology
- Lung/cytology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/microbiology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Respiratory Mucosa/cytology
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/blood
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ronacher
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Infection, Immunity and Metabolism Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Roma Sinha
- Infection, Immunity and Metabolism Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle Cestari
- Infection, Immunity and Metabolism Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Day CL, Abrahams DA, Bunjun R, Stone L, de Kock M, Walzl G, Wilkinson RJ, Burgers WA, Hanekom WA. PD-1 Expression on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD4 T Cells Is Associated With Bacterial Load in Human Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1995. [PMID: 30233588 PMCID: PMC6127207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent antigen stimulation in chronic infections has been associated with antigen-specific T cell dysfunction and upregulation of inhibitory receptors, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease is characterized by high levels of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), yet the relationship between bacterial load, PD-1 expression, and Mtb-specific T cell function in human TB has not been well-defined. Using peripheral blood samples from adults with LTBI and with pulmonary TB disease, we tested the hypothesis that PD-1 expression is associated with bacterial load and functional capacity of Mtb-specific T cell responses. We found that PD-1 was expressed at significantly higher levels on Th1 cytokine-producing Mtb-specific CD4 T cells from patients with smear-positive TB, compared with smear-negative TB and LTBI, which decreased after completion of anti-TB treatment. By contrast, expression of PD-1 on Mtb-specific CD8 T cells was significantly lower than on Mtb-specific CD4 T cells and did not differ by Mtb infection and disease status. In vitro stimulation of PBMC with Mtb antigens demonstrated that PD-1 is induced on proliferating Mtb-specific CD4 T cells and that Th1 cytokine production capacity is preferentially maintained within PD-1+ proliferating CD4 T cells, compared with proliferating Mtb-specific CD4 T cells that lack PD-1 expression. Together, these data indicate that expression of PD-1 on Mtb-specific CD4 T cells is indicative of mycobacterial antigen exposure and identifies a population of effector cells with Th1 cytokine production capacity. These studies provide novel insights into the role of the PD-1 pathway in regulating CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in Mtb infection and provide rationale for future studies to evaluate PD-1 expression on antigen-specific CD4 T cells as a potential biomarker for bacterial load and treatment response in human TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Day
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Deborah A Abrahams
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rubina Bunjun
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lynnett Stone
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marwou de Kock
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Tuberculosis Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Willem A Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Influence of Seasonality and Circulating Cytokines on Serial QuantiFERON Discordances. Tuberc Res Treat 2018; 2018:6731207. [PMID: 29721337 PMCID: PMC5867601 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6731207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. An 18-month prospective study serially tested healthcare workers (HCWs) for tuberculosis infection (TBI) and reported discordant QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube® (QFT) results in some participants. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) measured by QFT in discordant individuals could be influenced by other circulating cytokines that vary seasonally at the time of phlebotomy. Methods. The CDC funded TBESC Task Order 18 (TO18) project to assess the use of Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs), T-SPOT.TB® and QFT, compared to the tuberculin skin test (TST) for the serial testing of TBI in HCW at 4 US sites. Unstimulated plasma from 9 discordant TO18 participants at 4 different time points from the Houston site was multiplexed to determine the association between circulating cytokines and antigen stimulated IFN-γ levels. Results. IL-12, IL-1β, IL-3, GCSF, and IL-7 were associated with the amount of IFN-γ measured in response to antigen stimulation. In addition to these cytokines, a significant relationship was found between a positive QFT result and the spring season. Conclusions. Allergens during the spring season can result in the upregulation of IL-1β and IL-3, and this upregulation was observed with the amount of IFN-γ measured in discordant results.
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30
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Liu Y, Ou Q, Liu Q, Gao Y, Wu J, Zhang B, Weng X, Shao L, Zhang W. The expressions and roles of different forms of IL-22 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 107:95-103. [PMID: 29050778 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence suggesting an anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effector function of CD4+ T cells that produce and retain IL-22 in macaques, the general role of IL-22 in tuberculosis infection is still poorly characterized. To explore the immune mechanism in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in humans, here we evaluated different forms of IL-22 in populations with different tuberculosis infection statuses. We enrolled 156 subjects including 49 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 27 patients with tuberculous pleurisy (TPE), 38 individuals with latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) and 42 healthy controls (HC). We found significantly higher IL-22 levels at the tuberculosis infection site than in the peripheral blood as well as higher antigen-specific IL-22 levels in the culture supernatant for patients with active tuberculosis than in healthy controls. The proportions of IL-22 + CD4+ T and IL-22 + CD8+ T cells in patients with active tuberculosis were significantly higher than those in the latent tuberculosis infection group and the healthy control group, based on intracellular cytokine staining. However, surprisingly, we found membrane-bound IL-22+ T cells, including CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, by surface staining, especially in patients with active tuberculosis. Furthermore, the expression of membrane-bound IL-22 significantly decreased after drug therapy. In conclusion, our results suggest that IL-22 has various roles in tuberculosis immune responses. In particular, membrane-bound IL-22+ T cells may play important roles in the human immune response to Mycobacterium.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers/blood
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/microbiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Interleukins/blood
- Interleukins/immunology
- Latent Tuberculosis/blood
- Latent Tuberculosis/drug therapy
- Latent Tuberculosis/immunology
- Latent Tuberculosis/microbiology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity
- Tuberculosis, Pleural/blood
- Tuberculosis, Pleural/drug therapy
- Tuberculosis, Pleural/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pleural/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/blood
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
- Young Adult
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qinfang Ou
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Wuxi No. 5 People's Hospital, Wuxi 214005, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bingyan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xinhua Weng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lingyun Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Ministry of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College, and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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31
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The crucial roles of Th17-related cytokines/signal pathways in M. tuberculosis infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 15:216-225. [PMID: 29176747 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-21, IL-22 and IL-23 can be grouped as T helper 17 (Th17)-related cytokines because they are either produced by Th17/Th22 cells or involved in their development. Here, we review Th17-related cytokines/Th17-like cells, networks/signals and their roles in immune responses or immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Published studies suggest that Th17-related cytokine pathways may be manipulated by Mtb microorganisms for their survival benefits in primary tuberculosis (TB). In addition, there is evidence that immune responses of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signal pathway and Th17-like T-cell subsets are dysregulated or destroyed in patients with TB. Furthermore, Mtb infection can impact upstream cytokines in the STAT3 pathway of Th17-like responses. Based on these findings, we discuss the need for future studies and the rationale for targeting Th17-related cytokines/signals as a potential adjunctive treatment.
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32
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Scriba TJ, Penn-Nicholson A, Shankar S, Hraha T, Thompson EG, Sterling D, Nemes E, Darboe F, Suliman S, Amon LM, Mahomed H, Erasmus M, Whatney W, Johnson JL, Boom WH, Hatherill M, Valvo J, De Groote MA, Ochsner UA, Aderem A, Hanekom WA, Zak DE. Sequential inflammatory processes define human progression from M. tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis disease. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006687. [PMID: 29145483 PMCID: PMC5689825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of mechanisms underlying progression from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to pulmonary tuberculosis disease in humans remains limited. To define such mechanisms, we followed M. tuberculosis-infected adolescents longitudinally. Blood samples from forty-four adolescents who ultimately developed tuberculosis disease (“progressors”) were compared with those from 106 matched controls, who remained healthy during two years of follow up. We performed longitudinal whole blood transcriptomic analyses by RNA sequencing and plasma proteome analyses using multiplexed slow off-rate modified DNA aptamers. Tuberculosis progression was associated with sequential modulation of immunological processes. Type I/II interferon signalling and complement cascade were elevated 18 months before tuberculosis disease diagnosis, while changes in myeloid inflammation, lymphoid, monocyte and neutrophil gene modules occurred more proximally to tuberculosis disease. Analysis of gene expression in purified T cells also revealed early suppression of Th17 responses in progressors, relative to M. tuberculosis-infected controls. This was confirmed in an independent adult cohort who received BCG re-vaccination; transcript expression of interferon response genes in blood prior to BCG administration was associated with suppression of IL-17 expression by BCG-specific CD4 T cells 3 weeks post-vaccination. Our findings provide a timeline to the different immunological stages of disease progression which comprise sequential inflammatory dynamics and immune alterations that precede disease manifestations and diagnosis of tuberculosis disease. These findings have important implications for developing diagnostics, vaccination and host-directed therapies for tuberculosis. To define biological mechanisms that underlie progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis, we followed M. tuberculosis-infected adolescents longitudinally. Those who ultimately developed tuberculosis disease (“progressors”) were compared with matched controls, who remained healthy. Whole blood transcriptomic and plasma proteome analyses showed sequential modulation of immunological processes. Type I/II interferon signalling and complement cascade were elevated 18 months before tuberculosis diagnosis, while changes in myeloid inflammation, lymphoid, monocyte and neutrophil responses occurred more proximally to tuberculosis disease. Analysis of gene expression in purified T cells revealed early suppression of Th17 responses in progressors. This was confirmed in an adult BCG re-vaccination cohort, where expression of interferon response genes in blood was associated with suppression of IL-17 expression by BCG-specific CD4 T cells. We concluded that sequential inflammatory dynamics and immune alteration precede tuberculosis disease manifestations, with important implications for developing diagnostics, vaccines and host-directed therapies for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Adam Penn-Nicholson
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Smitha Shankar
- The Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Tom Hraha
- Somalogic Inc, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Ethan G. Thompson
- The Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fatoumatta Darboe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sara Suliman
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lynn M. Amon
- The Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Hassan Mahomed
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Now at Metro District Health Services, Western Cape Government: Health and Division of Public Health and Health Systems, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mzwandile Erasmus
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wendy Whatney
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John L. Johnson
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - W. Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joe Valvo
- The Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Alan Aderem
- The Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Willem A. Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniel E. Zak
- The Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Shen H, Gu J, Xiao H, Liang S, Yang E, Yang R, Huang D, Chen C, Wang F, Shen L, Chen ZW. Selective Destruction of Interleukin 23-Induced Expansion of a Major Antigen-Specific γδ T-Cell Subset in Patients With Tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:420-430. [PMID: 27789724 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A loss of antigen-specific T-cell responses due to defective cytokine signaling during infections has not been reported. We hypothesize that tuberculosis can destroy signaling effects of selective cytokine(s) and induce exhaustion of antigen-specific T cells. To test this hypothesis, mechanistic studies were performed to examine whether and how tuberculosis blocked interleukin 23 (IL-23) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) signaling effects on a major human γδ T-cell subpopulation, phosphoantigen HMBPP-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. IL-23 and IL-2 significantly expanded HMBPP-stimulated Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from subjects with latent tuberculosis infection, and IL-2 synergized the effect of IL-23. IL-23-induced expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells involved STAT3. Surprisingly, patients with tuberculosis exhibited a selective destruction of IL-23-induced expansion of these cells. The tuberculosis-driven destruction of IL-23 signaling coincided with decreases of expression and phosphorylation of STAT3. Interestingly, impairing of STAT3 was linked to marked increases in the microRNAs (miRNAs) hsa-miR-337-3p and hsa-miR-125b-5p in Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from patients with tuberculosis. Downregulation of hsa-miR-337-3p and hsa-miR-125b-5p by miRNA sponges improved IL-23-mediated expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells and restored the ability of these cells to produce anti-tuberculosis cytokines. These results support our hypothesis that tuberculosis can selectively impair a cytokine effect while sparing another and can induce exhaustion of T cells in response to the respective cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Shen
- Unit of Antituberculosis Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jin Gu
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Heping Xiao
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Unit of Antituberculosis Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- Unit of Antituberculosis Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Rui Yang
- Unit of Antituberculosis Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Crystal Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, China
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34
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Chai R, Zhang C, Tian F, Li H, Yang Q, Song A, Qiu L. Recombination function and recombination kinetics of Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Chen ZW. Protective immune responses of major Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell subset in M. tuberculosis infection. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 42:105-112. [PMID: 27491008 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent observation that prenyl pyrophosphates bind the Ig superfamily protein butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1) suggests that modifying BTN3A1 activates major γδ T-cell subset, Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. Studies also show that microbial phosphoantigen HMBPP is required for expansion, pulmonary response, effector functions and memory polarization of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells during infections. Broad repertoires of cytokines involve expansion, recall-like expansion and effector functions of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells after Mtb infection or vaccination. Finally, mechanistic studies in nonhuman primate TB model demonstrate early expansion and differentiation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells during Mtb infection can increase immune resistance to TB in macaques, with a potential mechanism of early/sustained IFN-γ production and CTL killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, 909 South Wolcott Avenue, MC790, E704, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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High serum CXCL10 in Rickettsia conorii infection is endothelial cell mediated subsequent to whole blood activation. Cytokine 2016; 83:269-274. [PMID: 27180202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiological hallmark of Rickettsia conorii (R. conorii) infection comprises infection of endothelial cells with perivascular infiltration of T-cells and macrophages. Although interferon (IFN)-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10)/CXCL10 is induced during vascular inflammation, data on CXCL10 in R. conorii infection is scarce. METHODS Serum CXCL10 was analyzed in two cohorts of southern European patients with R. conorii infection using multiplex cytokine assays. The mechanism of R. conorii-induced CXCL10 release was examined ex vivo using human whole blood interacting with endothelial cells. RESULTS (i) At admission, R. conorii infected patients had excessively increased CXCL10 levels, similar in the Italian (n=32, ∼56-fold increase vs controls) and the Spanish cohort (n=38, ∼68-fold increase vs controls), followed by a marked decrease after recovery. The massive CXCL10 increase was selective since it was not accompanied with similar changes in other cytokines. (ii) Heat-inactivated R. conorii induced a marked CXCL10 increase when whole blood and endothelial cells were co-cultured. Even plasma obtained from R. conorii-exposed whole blood induced a marked CXCL10 release from endothelial cells, comparable to the levels found in serum of R. conorii-infected patients. Bacteria alone did not induce CXCL10 production in endothelial cells, macrophages or smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS We show a massive and selective serum CXCL10 response in R. conorii-infected patients, likely reflecting release from infected endothelial cells characterized by infiltrating T cells and monocytes. The CXCL10 response could contribute to T-cell infiltration within the infected organ, but the pathologic consequences of CXCL10 in clinical R. conorii infection remain to be defined.
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Abdalla AE, Lambert N, Duan X, Xie J. Interleukin-10 Family and Tuberculosis: An Old Story Renewed. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:710-7. [PMID: 27194948 PMCID: PMC4870714 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-10 (IL-10) family of cytokines consists of six immune mediators, namely IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. IL-10, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26 are critical for the regulation of host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Specifically, IL-10 and IL-26 can suppress the antimycobacterial immunity and promote the survival of pathogen, while IL-22 and IL-24 can generate protective responses and inhibit the intracellular growth of pathogen. Knowledge about the new players in tuberculosis immunology, namely IL-10 family, can inform novel immunity-based countermeasures and host directed therapies against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla
- 1. Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- 2. Department of Clinical Microbiology, College of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nzungize Lambert
- 1. Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiangke Duan
- 1. Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- 1. Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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Hassan SS, Akram M, King EC, Dockrell HM, Cliff JM. PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 Gene Expression on T-Cells and Natural Killer Cells Declines in Conjunction with a Reduction in PD-1 Protein during the Intensive Phase of Tuberculosis Treatment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137646. [PMID: 26359860 PMCID: PMC4567315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The PD-1 axis is a cell intrinsic immunoregulatory pathway that mediates T cell exhaustion in chronic infection particularly in some viral infections. We hypothesized that PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 would be highly expressed in untreated tuberculosis patients compared to controls due to their chronic infection and would decrease with successful TB treatment. Materials and Methods Untreated tuberculosis patients (n = 26) were recruited at diagnosis and followed up during treatment. Household contacts (n = 24) were recruited to establish baseline differences. Blood gene expression ex vivo was investigated using qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry was performed to establish protein expression patterns. Results PD-L1 gene expression was found to be elevated in active TB disease; however, this was not observed for PD-1 or PD-L2. The intensive phase of TB treatment was associated with a significant decline in PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 gene expression. PD-1 protein expression on the surface of NK cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells was similar in patients with active TB disease compared to controls but declined with successful TB treatment, with the greatest decline occurring on the NK cells followed by CD8+ T cells and then CD4+ T cells. Granzyme B/PD-1 co-expression declined with successful intensive phase treatment. Conclusion Modulation of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway through TB treatment indicates changes in the peripheral T cell response caused by live Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) followed by the response to dead bacilli, antigen-release and immuno-pathology resolution. The PD-1 axis could be a host drug target for immunomodulatory treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda S. Hassan
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Elizabeth C. King
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel M. Dockrell
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline M. Cliff
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
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Comparative Proteomics of Activated THP-1 Cells Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Identifies Putative Clearance Biomarkers for Tuberculosis Treatment. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26214306 PMCID: PMC4516286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for determining clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection during anti-tuberculosis therapy or following exposure could facilitate enhanced monitoring and treatment. We screened for biomarkers indicating clearance of Mtb infection in vitro. A comparative proteomic analysis was performed using GeLC MSI/MS. Intracellular and secreted proteomes from activated THP-1 cells infected with the Mtb H37Rv strain (MOI = 1) and treated with isoniazid and rifampicin for 1 day (infection stage) and 5 days (clearance stage) were analyzed. Host proteins associated with early infection (n = 82), clearance (n = 121), sustained in both conditions (n = 34) and suppressed by infection (n = 46) were elucidated. Of the potential clearance markers, SSFA2 and CAECAM18 showed the highest and lowest protein intensities, respectively. A western blot of CAECAM18 validated the LC MS/MS result. For three clearance markers (SSFA2, PARP14 and PSME4), in vivo clinical validation was concordantly reported in previous patient cohorts. A network analysis revealed that clearance markers were enriched amongst four protein interaction networks centered on: (i) CD44/CCND1, (ii) IFN-β1/NF-κB, (iii) TP53/TGF-β and (iv) IFN-γ/CCL2. After infection, proteins associated with proliferation, and recruitment of immune cells appeared to be enriched possibly reflecting recruitment of defense mechanisms. Counteracting proteins (CASP3 vs. Akt and NF-κB vs. TP53) associated with apoptosis regulation and its networks were enriched among the early and sustained infection biomarkers, indicating host-pathogen competition. The BRCA1/2 network was suppressed during infection, suggesting that cell proliferation suppression is a feature of Mtb survival. Our study provides insights into the mechanisms of host-Mtb interaction by comparing the stages of infection clearance. The identified clearance biomarkers may be useful in monitoring tuberculosis treatment.
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Romero-Adrian TB, Leal-Montiel J, Fernández G, Valecillo A. Role of cytokines and other factors involved in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. World J Immunol 2015; 5:16-50. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v5.i1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pathogen that is widely distributed geographically and continues to be a major threat to world health. Bacterial virulence factors, nutritional state, host genetic condition and immune response play an important role in the evolution of the infection. The genetically diverse Mtb strains from different lineages have been shown to induce variable immune system response. The modern and ancient lineages strains induce different cytokines patterns. The immunity to Mtb depends on Th1-cell activity [interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)]. IL-1β directly kills Mtb in murine and human macrophages. IL-6 is a requirement in host resistance to Mtb infection. IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-17 are participants in Mycobacterium-induced granuloma formation. Other regulating proteins as IL-27 and IL-10 can prevent extensive immunopathology. CXCL 8 enhances the capacity of the neutrophil to kill Mtb. CXCL13 and CCL19 have been identified as participants in the formation of granuloma and control the Mtb infection. Treg cells are increased in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) but decrease with anti-TB treatment. The increment of these cells causes down- regulation of adaptive immune response facilitating the persistence of the bacterial infection. Predominance of Th2 phenotype cytokines increases the severity of TB. The evolution of the Mtb infection will depend of the cytokines network and of the influence of other factors aforementioned.
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Shen H, Wang Y, Chen CY, Frencher J, Huang D, Yang E, Ryan-Payseur B, Chen ZW. Th17-related cytokines contribute to recall-like expansion/effector function of HMBPP-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or vaccination. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:442-51. [PMID: 25141829 PMCID: PMC4916493 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Whether cytokines can influence the adaptive immune response by antigen-specific γδ T cells during infections or vaccinations remains unknown. We previously demonstrated that, during BCG/Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections, Th17-related cytokines markedly upregulated when phosphoantigen-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells expanded. In this study, we examined the involvement of Th17-related cytokines in the recall-like responses of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells following Mtb infection or vaccination against TB. Treatment with IL-17A/IL-17F or IL-22 expanded phosphoantigen 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP)-stimulated Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from BCG-vaccinated macaques but not from naïve animals, and IL-23 induced greater expansion than the other Th17-related cytokines. Consistently, Mtb infection of macaques also enhanced the ability of IL-17/IL-22 or IL-23 to expand HMBPP-stimulated Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. When evaluating IL-23 signaling as a prototype, we found that HMBPP/IL-23-expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from macaques infected with Mtb or vaccinated with BCG or Listeria ΔactA prfA*-ESAT6/Ag85B produced IL-17, IL-22, IL-2, and IFN-γ. Interestingly, HMBPP/IL-23-induced production of IFN-γ in turn facilitated IL-23-induced expansion of HMBPP-activated Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. Furthermore, HMBPP/IL-23-induced proliferation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells appeared to require APC contact and involve the conventional and novel protein kinase C signaling pathways. These findings suggest that Th17-related cytokines can contribute to recall-like expansion and effector function of Ag-specific γδ T cells after infection or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Shen
- Chinese Academy of Science, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yunqi Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Crystal Y. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Frencher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- Chinese Academy of Science, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bridgett Ryan-Payseur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zheng W. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Foronjy RF, Dabo AJ, Cummins N, Geraghty P. Leukemia inhibitory factor protects the lung during respiratory syncytial viral infection. BMC Immunol 2014; 15:41. [PMID: 25277705 PMCID: PMC4189665 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-014-0041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects the lung epithelium where it stimulates the production of numerous host cytokines that are associated with disease burden and acute lung injury. Characterizing the host cytokine response to RSV infection, the regulation of host cytokines and the impact of neutralizing an RSV-inducible cytokine during infection were undertaken in this study. METHODS A549, primary human small airway epithelial (SAE) cells and wild-type, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (Trif) and mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (Mavs) knockout (KO) mice were infected with RSV and cytokine responses were investigated by ELISA, multiplex analysis and qPCR. Neutralizing anti-leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) IgG or control IgG was administered to a group of wild-type animals prior to RSV infection. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION RSV-infected A549 and SAE cells release a network of cytokines, including newly identified RSV-inducible cytokines LIF, migration inhibitory factor (MIF), stem cell factor (SCF), CCL27, CXCL12 and stem cell growth factor beta (SCGF-β). These RSV-inducible cytokines were also observed in the airways of mice during an infection. To identify the regulation of RSV inducible cytokines, Mavs and Trif deficient animals were infected with RSV. In vivo induction of airway IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12(p40), IFN-γ, CCL2, CCL5, CCL3, CXCL1, IP-10/CXCL10, IL-22, MIG/CXCL9 and MIF were dependent on Mavs expression in mice. Loss of Trif expression in mice altered the RSV induction of IL-1β, IL-5, CXCL12, MIF, LIF, CXCL12 and IFN-γ. Silencing of retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-I) expression in A549 cells had a greater impact on RSV-inducible cytokines than melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), and Trif expression. To evaluate the role of LIF in the airways during RSV infection, animals were treated with neutralizing anti-LIF IgG, which enhanced RSV pathology observed with increased airspace protein content, apoptosis and airway hyperresponsiveness compared to control IgG treatment. CONCLUSIONS RSV infection in the epithelium induces a network of immune factors to counter infection, primarily in a RIG-I dependent manner. Expression of LIF protects the lung from lung injury and enhanced pathology during RSV infection.
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Kim CH, Lee J. Reply to Hong et al. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59:142-3. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yao S, Huang D, Chen CY, Halliday L, Wang RC, Chen ZW. CD4+ T cells contain early extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) dissemination and rapid TB progression and sustain multieffector functions of CD8+ T and CD3- lymphocytes: mechanisms of CD4+ T cell immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:2120-32. [PMID: 24489088 PMCID: PMC4104690 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The possibility that CD4(+) T cells can act as "innate-like" cells to contain very early Mycobacterium tuberculosis dissemination and function as master helpers to sustain multiple effector functions of CD8(+) T cells and CD3(-) lymphocytes during development of adaptive immunity against primary tuberculosis (TB) has not been demonstrated. We showed that pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection of CD4-depleted macaques surprisingly led to very early extrapulmonary M. tuberculosis dissemination, whereas CD4 deficiency clearly resulted in rapid TB progression. CD4 depletion during M. tuberculosis infection revealed the ability of CD8(+) T cells to compensate and rapidly differentiate to Th17-like/Th1-like and cytotoxic-like effectors, but these effector functions were subsequently unsustainable due to CD4 deficiency. Whereas CD3(-) non-T lymphocytes in the presence of CD4(+) T cells developed predominant Th22-like and NK-like (perforin production) responses to M. tuberculosis infection, CD4 depletion abrogated these Th22-/NK-like effector functions and favored IL-17 production by CD3(-) lymphocytes. CD4-depleted macaques exhibited no or few pulmonary T effector cells constitutively producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-22, and perforin at the endpoint of more severe TB, but they presented pulmonary IL-4(+) T effectors. TB granulomas in CD4-depleted macaques contained fewer IL-22(+) and perforin(+) cells despite the presence of IL-17(+) and IL-4(+) cells. These results implicate a previously unknown innate-like ability of CD4(+) T cells to contain extrapulmonary M. tuberculosis dissemination at very early stage. Data also suggest that CD4(+) T cells are required to sustain multiple effector functions of CD8(+) T cells and CD3(-) lymphocytes and to prevent rapid TB progression during M. tuberculosis infection of nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - Crystal Y. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | | | - Richard C. Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - Zheng W. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
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Carpenter D, Taype C, Goulding J, Levin M, Eley B, Anderson S, Shaw MA, Armour JAL. CCL3L1 copy number, CCR5 genotype and susceptibility to tuberculosis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:5. [PMID: 24405814 PMCID: PMC3897992 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis is a major infectious disease and functional studies have provided evidence that both the chemokine MIP-1α and its receptor CCR5 play a role in susceptibility to TB. Thus by measuring copy number variation of CCL3L1, one of the genes that encode MIP-1α, and genotyping a functional promoter polymorphism -2459A > G in CCR5 (rs1799987) we investigate the influence of MIP-1α and CCR5, independently and combined, in susceptibility to clinically active TB in three populations, a Peruvian population (n = 1132), a !Xhosa population (n = 605) and a South African Coloured population (n = 221). The three populations include patients with clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB, as well as other, less prevalent forms of extrapulmonary TB. Methods and results Copy number of CCL3L1 was measured using the paralogue ratio test and exhibited ranges between 0–6 copies per diploid genome (pdg) in Peru, between 0–12 pdg in !Xhosa samples and between 0–10 pdg in South African Coloured samples. The CCR5 promoter polymorphism was observed to differ significantly in allele frequency between populations (*A; Peru f = 0.67, !Xhosa f = 0.38, Coloured f = 0.48). Conclusions The case–control association studies performed however find, surprisingly, no evidence for an influence of variation in genes coding for MIP-1α or CCR5 individually or together in susceptibility to clinically active TB in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Carpenter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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PD-1/PD-Ls pathways between CD4(+) T cells and pleural mesothelial cells in human tuberculous pleurisy. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 94:131-9. [PMID: 24406080 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death 1 (PD-1), PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and PD-L2 have been demonstrated to be involved in tuberculosis immunity, however, the expression and regulation of PD-1/PD-Ls pathways in pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) and CD4(+) T cells in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) have not been investigated. Expression of PD-1 on CD4(+) T cells and expressions of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on PMCs in TPE were determined. The impacts of PD-1/PD-Ls pathways on proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, and migration of CD4(+) T cells were explored. Concentrations of soluble PD-l, but not of soluble PD-Ls, were much higher in TPE than in serum. Expressions of PD-1 on CD4(+) T cells in TPE were significantly higher than those in blood. Expressions of PD-Ls were much higher on PMCs from TPE when compared with those from transudative effusion. Interferon-γ not only upregulated the expression of PD-1 on CD4(+) T cells, but also upregulated the expressions of PD-Ls on PMCs. Blockage PD-1/PD-Ls pathways abolished the inhibitory effects on proliferation and adhesion activity of CD4(+) T cells induced by PMCs. PD-1/PD-Ls pathways on PMCs inhibited proliferation and adhesion activity of CD4(+) T cells, suggesting that Mycobacterium tuberculosis might exploit PD-1/PD-Ls pathways to evade host cell immune response in human.
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Chen CY, Yao S, Huang D, Wei H, Sicard H, Zeng G, Jomaa H, Larsen MH, Jacobs WR, Wang R, Letvin N, Shen Y, Qiu L, Shen L, Chen ZW. Phosphoantigen/IL2 expansion and differentiation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells increase resistance to tuberculosis in nonhuman primates. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003501. [PMID: 23966854 PMCID: PMC3744401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell subset exist only in primates, and recognize phosphoantigen from selected pathogens including M. tuberculosis(Mtb). In vivo function of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in tuberculosis remains unknown. We conducted mechanistic studies to determine whether earlier expansion/differentiation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells during Mtb infection could increase immune resistance to tuberculosis in macaques. Phosphoantigen/IL-2 administration specifically induced major expansion and pulmonary trafficking/accumulation of phosphoantigen-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, significantly reduced Mtb burdens and attenuated tuberculosis lesions in lung tissues compared to saline/BSA or IL-2 controls. Expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells differentiated into multifunctional effector subpopulations capable of producing anti-TB cytokines IFNγ, perforin and granulysin, and co-producing perforin/granulysin in lung tissue. Mechanistically, perforin/granulysin-producing Vγ2Vδ2 T cells limited intracellular Mtb growth, and macaque granulysin had Mtb-bactericidal effect, and inhibited intracellular Mtb in presence of perforin. Furthermore, phosphoantigen/IL2-expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T effector cells produced IL-12, and their expansion/differentiation led to enhanced pulmonary responses of peptide-specific CD4+/CD8+ Th1-like cells. These results provide first in vivo evidence implicating that early expansion/differentiation of Vγ2Vδ2 T effector cells during Mtb infection increases resistance to tuberculosis. Thus, data support a rationale for conducting further studies of the γδ T-cell-targeted treatment of established TB, which might ultimately help explore single or adjunctive phosphoantigen expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell subset as intervention of MDR-tuberculosis or HIV-related tuberculosis. Tuberculosis(TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While CD4+/CD8+ T cells are protective, role of γδ T cells in TB and other infections remains unknown in humans. Vγ2Vδ2 T cells exist only in primates, represent a dominant circulating γδ T-cell subpopulation, and recognize phosphoantigen from Mtb and some selected pathogens. Here, we determined whether earlier expansion/differentiation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells during Mtb infection increased resistance to TB in macaques. Phosphoantigen plus IL-2 administration induced expansion and pulmonary accumulation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, significantly reduced Mtb counts and attenuated TB lesions in lung tissues. Expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells produced anti-TB cytokines IFNγ, perforin and granulysin, and co-produced perforin and granulysin in lung tissue. Perforin/granulysin-co-producing Vγ2Vδ2 T cells limited intracellular Mtb growth, and macaque granulysin killed Mtb bacteria, and inhibited intracellular Mtb in presence of perforin. Furthermore, expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 T effectors enhanced pulmonary responses of peptide-specific CD4+/CD8+ T cells, which correlated with the ability of Vγ2Vδ2 T effector cells to produce IL-12. These results provide first evidence implicating a protective role of Vγ2Vδ2 T effector cells in TB, supporting a rationale to explore Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell-targeted treatment of drug-resistant TB or HIV-related TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Y. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shuyu Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Huiyong Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hassan Jomaa
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michelle H. Larsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - William R. Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Norman Letvin
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Liyou Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ling Shen
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zheng W. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dipterinyl calcium pentahydrate inhibits intracellular mycobacterial growth in human monocytes via the C-C chemokine MIP-1β and nitric oxide. Infect Immun 2013; 81:1974-83. [PMID: 23509148 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01393-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the top three leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, complicated by the emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and high rates of HIV coinfection. It is important to develop new antimycobacterial drugs and immunomodulatory therapeutics and compounds that enhance antituberculous immunity. Dipterinyl calcium pentahydrate (DCP), a calcium-complexed pterin compound, has previously been shown to inhibit human breast cancer cells and hepatitis B virus (HBV). DCP inhibitory effects were attributed to induction of apoptosis and/or increased production of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In this study, we tested the ability of DCP to mediate inhibition of intracellular mycobacteria within human monocytes. DCP treatment of infected monocytes resulted in a significant reduction in viability of intracellular but not extracellular Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The antimicrobial activity of DCP was comparable to that of pyrazinamide (PZA), one of the first-line antituberculosis drugs currently used. DCP potentiated monocyte antimycobacterial activity by induction of the cysteine-cysteine (C-C) chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2. Addition of human anti-MIP-1β neutralizing antibody or a specific inhibitor of the l-arginase-nitric oxide pathway (N(G)-monomethyl l-arginine [l-NMMA] monoacetate) reversed the inhibitory effects of DCP on intracellular mycobacterial growth. These findings indicate that DCP induced mycobacterial killing via MIP-1β- and nitric oxide-dependent effects. Hence, DCP acts as an immunoregulatory compound enhancing the antimycobacterial activity of human monocytes.
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Masood KI, Rottenberg ME, Salahuddin N, Irfan M, Rao N, Carow B, Islam M, Hussain R, Hasan Z. Expression of M. tuberculosis-induced suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1, SOCS3, FoxP3 and secretion of IL-6 associates with differing clinical severity of tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:13. [PMID: 23320781 PMCID: PMC3562147 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Appropriate immune activation of T cells and macrophages is central for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. IFN-γ stimulated responses are lowered in tuberculosis (TB), while expression of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) molecules – 1 and 3 and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+T regulatory cells is increased. Here we investigated the association of these molecules in regard to clinical severity of TB. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from patients with pulmonary TB (PTB, n = 33), extra-pulmonary TB (ETB, n = 33) and healthy endemic controls (EC, n = 15). Cases were classified as moderately advanced or far advanced PTB, and less severe or severe disseminated ETB. M. tuberculosis -stimulated IFN-γ, SOCS1, SOCS3 and FoxP3 gene expression and secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines was measured. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon Rank and Kruskal Wallis non-parametric tests. Results In un-stimulated PBMCs, IL-6 (p = 0.018) and IL-10 (p = 0.013) secretion levels were increased in PTB while IL-10 was also increased in ETB (p = 0.003), all in comparison with EC. M. tuberculosis-stimulated IL-6 (p = 0.003) was lowered in ETB as compared with EC. SOCS1 mRNA expression in M. tuberculosis stimulated PBMCs levels in moderately advanced PTB (p = 0.022), far advanced (p = 0.014) PTB, and severe ETB (p = 0.009) were raised as compared with EC. On the other hand, SOCS1 mRNA titers were reduced in less severe ETB, in comparison with severe ETB (p = 0.027) and far advanced PTB (p = 0.016). SOCS3 mRNA accumulation was reduced in far advanced PTB (p = 0.007) and FoxP3 mRNA expression was increased in less severe ETB as compared with EC (p = 0.017). Conclusions The lowered SOCS1 mRNA levels in patients with less severe extra-pulmonary TB as compared to those with more severe ETB and PTB may lead to elevated IFN-γ pathway gene expression in the latter group. As localized ETB has shown to be associated with more effective Th1 immunity and adaptive responses, this suggests a role for SOCS1 in determining disease outcome in extra-pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran I Masood
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Aga Khan University, P,O, Box 3500, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
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Masood KI, Rottenberg ME, Carow B, Rao N, Ashraf M, Hussain R, Hasan Z. SOCS1 gene expression is increased in severe pulmonary tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 2012; 76:398-404. [PMID: 22670716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) molecules inhibit cytokine signalling and may regulate protective immunity in tuberculosis (TB). We investigated the association of SOCS with disease progression in patients with pulmonary TB. For this purpose, we studied peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and T cells from patients with pulmonary TB (TB, n=33) and healthy endemic controls (EC, n=15). Cases were stratified into those with moderately advanced (Mod-PTB) or far advanced disease (Adv-PTB). Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), SOCS1 and SOCS3 gene expression was determined by RT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. Levels of IL6 (P=0.018) and IL10 (P=0.013) were found to be elevated in PBMC supernatants from patients with TB as compared with EC. SOCS1 mRNA gene expression in T cells from patients with TB was increased as compared with that of EC (P=0.02). In addition, levels of SOCS1 mRNA transcripts were found to be elevated in PBMCs of Adv-PTB as compared with Mod-PTB (P=0.008) cases. Our data show that raised SOCS1 levels are associated with increased disease severity in TB. As SOCS1 regulates IFN-γ-driven immunity and SOCS1 can be further upregulated by IL6 levels, the increase in SOCS1 in severe disease indicates a mechanism by which mycobacteria impede disease control in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Masood
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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