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He H, Liu Z, Li D, Liu X, Han Y, Sun H, Zhao M, Shao M, Shi L, Hao P, Lai C. Effects of carbon limitation and carbon fertilization on karst lake-reservoir productivity. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:122036. [PMID: 38981350 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus are universally recognized as limiting elements in the eutrophication processes affecting the majority of the world's lakes, reservoirs, and coastal ecosystems. However, despite extensive research spanning several decades, critical questions in eutrophication science remain unanswered. For example, there is still much to understand about the interactions between carbon limitation and ecosystem stability, and the availability of carbon components adds significant complexity to aquatic resource management. Mounting evidence suggests that aqueous CO2 could be a limiting factor, influencing the structure and succession of aquatic plant communities, especially in karstic lake and reservoir ecosystems. Moreover, the fertilization effect of aqueous CO2 has the potential to enhance carbon sequestration and phosphorus removal. Therefore, it is important to address these uncertainties to achieve multiple positive outcomes, including improved water quality and increased carbon sinks in karst lakes and reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Zaihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Dongli Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongqiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hailong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Mingyu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Liangxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengyun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaowei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China
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2
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Orizar IDS, Repetti SI, Lewandowska AM. Phytoplankton stoichiometry along the salinity gradient under limited nutrient and light supply. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2024; 46:387-397. [PMID: 39091691 PMCID: PMC11290246 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Ongoing climate warming alters precipitation and water column stability, leading to salinity and nutrient supply changes in the euphotic zone of many coastal ecosystems and semi-enclosed seas. Changing salinity and nutrient conditions affect phytoplankton physiology by altering elemental ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). This study aimed to understand how salinity stress and resource acquisition affect phytoplankton stoichiometry. We incubated a phytoplankton polyculture composed of 10 species under different light, inorganic nutrient ratio and salinity levels. At the end of the incubation period, we measured particulate elemental composition (C, N and P), chlorophyll a and species abundances. The phytoplankton polyculture, dominated by Phaeodactylum tricornutum, accumulated more particulate organic carbon (POC) with increasing salinity. The low POC and low particulate C:N and C:P ratios toward 0 psu suggest that the hypoosmotic conditions highly affected primary production. The relative abundance of different species varied with salinity, and some species grew faster under low nutrient supply. Still, the dominant diatom regulated the overall POC of the polyculture, following the classic concept of the foundation species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris D S Orizar
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palmenin 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland
| | - Sonja I Repetti
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palmenin 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland
| | - Aleksandra M Lewandowska
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palmenin 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland
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3
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Tang Y, Xu M, Zhang M, Han C, Wei J, Zhang B, Lu X. Chattonella marina blooms in a trophic gradient system: Interaction with environmental drivers. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115958. [PMID: 38157833 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
For coastal eutrophication, lots of studies focused on the influence from environmental factors, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, on algae blooms. The interaction between algae and environmental factors has been often ignored. Using Chattonella marina, a dominant species in marine algal blooms, we established a trophic gradient system that simulated C. marina blooms at three trophic levels: eutrophic, mesotrophic, and oligotrophic, and examined the life history patterns of C. marina and the interactions with environmental factors. Increased trophic levels influenced the growth potential of C. marina, while its unique cyst reproduction allowed it to thrive in nutrient-limited environments. Adequate nutrients caused changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH led by C. marina, with the carbonate system playing a crucial role in regulating pH under nutrient-limited conditions. Limiting the growth of C. marina in areas with low nutrient by manipulating reactive silicate (SiO32-) availability may prove effective. Nitrate (NO3-) was the preferred nutrient for C. marina when its concentration exceeded that of ammonium (NH4+). Phosphorus played a crucial role in the growth and proliferation of C. marina, especially when other nutrients were scarce. The findings of this study may provide valuable insights into the effective management and prevention of algae blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution and Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Environmental Biogeochemical Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mengyao Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution and Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Environmental Biogeochemical Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mengke Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution and Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Environmental Biogeochemical Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chenglong Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution and Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Environmental Biogeochemical Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- R&D Department, FS Ltd., Katikati 3129, New Zealand
| | - Xueqiang Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution and Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Environmental Biogeochemical Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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4
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Zheng B, Du Y, Deng Y, Zhao T, Dong P, Shi J, Wu Z. Colonial morphology weakens the response of different inorganic carbon uptake systems to CO 2 levels in Microcystis population. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 128:102491. [PMID: 37714577 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration negatively impacts aquatic ecosystems and may induce evolutionary changes in the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) of cyanobacteria. As the most notorious freshwater cyanobacteria, Microcystis strains have high phenotypic plasticity to form colonies and blooms in lakes and reservoirs worldwide. However, phenotypic plasticity of Microcystis responses to elevated CO2 is still a major open question. Here, we studied how Microcystis strains with two genotype of inorganic carbon uptake systems, bicA and sbtA, and different colonial morphology response to 200 ppm, 400 ppm, and 800 ppm CO2 levels. The results revealed that sbtA genotypes showed significantly higher specific growth rates, Chl a concentration, and photosynthetic efficiency at 200 ppm CO2, whereas higher specific growth rates, Chl a concentration, and photosynthetic efficiency were found in bicA genotype at 800 ppm CO2. The highest values of specific growth rates, Chl a concentration, Fv/Fm, and maximal net photosynthesis (Pm) were observed in unicellular morphology, followed by small colony and large colonial morphology at all CO2 levels. The values of K0.5 (DIC), K0.5 (CO2), and K0.5 (HCO3-) in the large colonials increased with rising CO2 levels, but these values significantly decreased in the unicellular and small colonials. ANOSIM analysis indicated that colonial morphology reduced significantly inter-group differences between bicA and sbtA genotypes at all CO2 treatments. These results suggest that colonial morphology of Microcystis can weakens the response of different inorganic carbon uptake systems to CO2 levels. Moreover, phenotypic and genotypic plasticity is likely to broaden strongly the fitness of Microcystis from rising atmospheric CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuxin Du
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Teng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peichang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junqiong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhongxing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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5
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Tison-Rosebery J, Boutry S, Bertrin V, Leboucher T, Morin S. A new diatom-based multimetric index to assess lake ecological status. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1202. [PMID: 37702871 PMCID: PMC10499699 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication impairs lake ecosystems at a global scale. In this context, as benthic microalgae are well-established warnings for a large range of stressors, particularly nutrient enrichment, the Water Framework Directive required the development of diatom-based methods to monitor lake eutrophication. Here, we present the diatom-based index we developed for French lakes, named IBDL (Indice Biologique Diatomées en Lacs). Data were collected in 93 lakes from 2015 to 2020. A challenge arose from the discontinuous pressure gradient of our dataset, especially the low number of nutrient-impacted lakes. To analyze the data we opted for the so-called "Threshold Indicator Taxa ANalysis" method, which makes it possible to determine a list of "alert taxa." We obtained a multimetric index based on specific pressure gradients (Kjeldahl nitrogen, suspended matter, biological oxygen demand, and total phosphorous). Considering the European intercalibration process, the very good correlation between IBDL and the common metric (R2 from 0.52 to 0.87 according to the lake alkalinity type) makes us very confident in our ability to match future IBDL quality thresholds with European standards. The IBDL proved at last to be particularly relevant as it has a twofold interest: an excellent relationship with total phosphorus (R2 from 0.63 to 0.83 according to the lake alkalinity type) and a possible application to any lake metatype. Its complementarity with macrophyte-based indices moreover justifies the use of at least two primary producer components for lake ecological status classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tison-Rosebery
- INRAE, UR EABX, 33612, Cestas, France.
- Pôle R&D ECLA, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France.
| | - S Boutry
- INRAE, UR EABX, 33612, Cestas, France
- Pôle R&D ECLA, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | - V Bertrin
- INRAE, UR EABX, 33612, Cestas, France
- Pôle R&D ECLA, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | - T Leboucher
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, 57000, Metz, France
| | - S Morin
- INRAE, UR EABX, 33612, Cestas, France
- Pôle R&D ECLA, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
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6
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Chang M, DeAngelis DL, Janse JH, Janssen AB, Troost TA, van Wijk D, Mooij WM, Teurlincx S. A generically parameterized model of Lake eutrophication: The impact of Stoichiometric ratios and constraints on the abundance of natural phytoplankton communities (GPLake-S). Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Dai S, Zhou Y, Li N, Mao XZ. Why do red tides occur frequently in some oligotrophic waters? Analysis of red tide evolution history in Mirs Bay, China and its implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157112. [PMID: 35787897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The process and management of red tide in oligotrophic waters are poorly understood as most studies on red tide were focused on eutrophic areas. In this study, 404 red tide events together with the historical water quality dynamics during 1991-2020 were investigated in an anthropogenically influenced bay in China - Mirs Bay, whose most region is oligotrophic except small inshore areas. Red tides of oligotrophic offshore accounted for 20 % of all. With the effective governmental management on inshore areas, concentration of PO4 and DIN has been decreased to a low level (PO4 <0.01 mg/L while DIN <0.1 mg/L) in the bay since about 2000. However, the reduction of nutrients was still accompanied by the frequent outbreaks of red tides, as well as a shift of dominant algae from diatoms to dinoflagellates, which might be due to the unbalanced nutrient reduction, such as N:P ratio fluctuation and organic nutrient increase. This shift might trigger more red tide events and even some super ones (long-duration or large-scale) in oligotrophic areas. Detailed analysis on red tide events combined with model simulation proved that the outbreak of red tide in Mirs Bay was caused by the joint contribution of nutrients and hydrodynamics. Nutrients of inshore area supported the red tides there, and with the help of physical conditions, red tides inshore could be transferred to offshore areas and then were likely to bloom again or be preyed to support blooms of other organisms. This study acknowledged that the reduction of both N and P either inorganic or organic nutrients was essential to control red tides, even in oligotrophic waters, but a balanced strategy considering the dual reduction of both nitrogen and phosphorus was of pivotal role to restore the health of coastal water systems disturbed by human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangliang Dai
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xian-Zhong Mao
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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8
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Tognetti PM, Prober SM, Báez S, Chaneton EJ, Firn J, Risch AC, Schuetz M, Simonsen AK, Yahdjian L, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Arnillas CA, Bakker JD, Brown CS, Cadotte MW, Caldeira MC, Daleo P, Dwyer JM, Fay PA, Gherardi LA, Hagenah N, Hautier Y, Komatsu KJ, McCulley RL, Price JN, Standish RJ, Stevens CJ, Wragg PD, Sankaran M. Negative effects of nitrogen override positive effects of phosphorus on grassland legumes worldwide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023718118. [PMID: 34260386 PMCID: PMC8285913 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023718118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment is driving global biodiversity decline and modifying ecosystem functions. Theory suggests that plant functional types that fix atmospheric nitrogen have a competitive advantage in nitrogen-poor soils, but lose this advantage with increasing nitrogen supply. By contrast, the addition of phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients may benefit such species in low-nutrient environments by enhancing their nitrogen-fixing capacity. We present a global-scale experiment confirming these predictions for nitrogen-fixing legumes (Fabaceae) across 45 grasslands on six continents. Nitrogen addition reduced legume cover, richness, and biomass, particularly in nitrogen-poor soils, while cover of non-nitrogen-fixing plants increased. The addition of phosphorous, potassium, and other nutrients enhanced legume abundance, but did not mitigate the negative effects of nitrogen addition. Increasing nitrogen supply thus has the potential to decrease the diversity and abundance of grassland legumes worldwide regardless of the availability of other nutrients, with consequences for biodiversity, food webs, ecosystem resilience, and genetic improvement of protein-rich agricultural plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Tognetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina;
| | - Suzanne M Prober
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia;
| | - Selene Báez
- Department of Biology, Escuela Politécnica Nacional del Ecuador, 17-01-2759 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Enrique J Chaneton
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Centre for the Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Anita C Risch
- Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schuetz
- Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Anna K Simonsen
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Carlos Alberto Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Cynthia S Brown
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - John M Dwyer
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Ecosciences Precinct, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Philip A Fay
- Grassland, Soil, and Water Research Lab, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Temple, TX 76502
| | | | - Nicole Hagenah
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
| | - Jodi N Price
- Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia
| | - Rachel J Standish
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Wragg
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Mahesh Sankaran
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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9
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Tang Q, Lei L, Zhao L, Gu J, Xiao L, Han BP. Interactive effect of water level and flushing rate on population dynamics of a harmful cyanobacterial species: Raphidiopsis raciborskii. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:936-944. [PMID: 33534070 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Changes in water level and flushing rate directly affect to a large extent the biomass of harmful cyanobacteria, and drive the shift of phytoplankton composition between cyanobacteria dominance/non-dominance in eutrophic waters. Here, we gave a theoretical formula describing the combinational effect of water level and flushing rate on cyanobacterial biomass in eutrophic and well-mixed waters. We also formulated an equation predicting the water level and flushing rate at which cyanobacteria become non-dominating in such water columns. The formulae were confronted with field observations of a low-light adapted cyanobacterium in a large coastal reservoir of southern China. Our formulae demonstrate that water level and flushing rate have an interactive effect on the equilibrium biomass of low-light adapted cyanobacteria in mixed and turbid waters. The formulae were well fitted to the field observation of Raphidiopsis raciborskii population in the reservoir during four dry seasons. In agreement with the theoretical analysis, multiple regression analysis also showed that the interaction between water level and flushing rate is able to interpret the variation of R. raciborskii biomass in the water column. The two formulae are applicable for predicting the response of low-light adapted cyanobacteria to local climate change. Our findings have practical significance in designing measures against the dominance of low light-adapted cyanobacteria in reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quehui Tang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Lamei Lei
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jiguang Gu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Bo-Ping Han
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
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10
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Ratnarajah L, Blain S, Boyd PW, Fourquez M, Obernosterer I, Tagliabue A. Resource Colimitation Drives Competition Between Phytoplankton and Bacteria in the Southern Ocean. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 48:e2020GL088369. [PMID: 33518833 PMCID: PMC7816276 DOI: 10.1029/2020gl088369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Across the Southern Ocean, phytoplankton growth is governed by iron and light, while bacterial growth is regulated by iron and labile dissolved organic carbon (LDOC). We use a mechanistic model to examine how competition for iron between phytoplankton and bacteria responds to changes in iron, light, and LDOC. Consistent with experimental evidence, increasing iron and light encourages phytoplankton dominance, while increasing LDOC and decreasing light favors bacterial dominance. Under elevated LDOC, bacteria can outcompete phytoplankton for iron, most easily under lower iron. Simulations reveal that bacteria are major iron consumers and suggest that luxury storage plays a key role in competitive iron uptake. Under seasonal conditions typical of the Southern Ocean, sources of LDOC besides phytoplankton exudation modulate the strength of competitive interactions. Continued investigations on the competitive fitness of bacteria in driving changes in primary production in iron-limited systems will be invaluable in refining these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavenia Ratnarajah
- Department of EarthOcean and Ecological SciencesSchool of Environmental SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Stéphane Blain
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSLaboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC)Observatoire Océanologique de BanyulsBanyuls sur merFrance
| | - Philip W. Boyd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTASAustralia
| | - Marion Fourquez
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTASAustralia
- Aix Marseille Univ.Universite de ToulonCNRSIRDMIO UM 110MarseilleFrance
| | - Ingrid Obernosterer
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSLaboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC)Observatoire Océanologique de BanyulsBanyuls sur merFrance
| | - Alessandro Tagliabue
- Department of EarthOcean and Ecological SciencesSchool of Environmental SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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11
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Song S, Zhu J, Zheng T, Tang Z, Zhang F, Ji C, Shen Z, Zhu J. Long-Term Grazing Exclusion Reduces Species Diversity but Increases Community Heterogeneity in an Alpine Grassland. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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12
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Yang DD, Alexander A, Kinnersley M, Cook E, Caudy A, Rosebrock A, Rosenzweig F. Fitness and Productivity Increase with Ecotypic Diversity among Escherichia coli Strains That Coevolved in a Simple, Constant Environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00051-20. [PMID: 32060029 PMCID: PMC7117940 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00051-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The productivity of a biological community often correlates with its diversity. In the microbial world this phenomenon can sometimes be explained by positive, density-dependent interactions such as cross-feeding and syntrophy. These metabolic interactions help account for the astonishing variety of microbial life and drive many of the biogeochemical cycles without which life as we know it could not exist. While it is difficult to recapitulate experimentally how these interactions evolved among multiple taxa, we can explore in the laboratory how they arise within one. These experiments provide insight into how different bacterial ecotypes evolve and from these, possibly new "species." We have previously shown that in a simple, constant environment a single clone of Escherichia coli can give rise to a consortium of genetically and phenotypically differentiated strains, in effect, a set of ecotypes, that coexist by cross-feeding. We marked these different ecotypes and their shared ancestor by integrating fluorescent protein into their genomes and then used flow cytometry to show that each evolved strain is more fit than the shared ancestor, that pairs of evolved strains are fitter still, and that the entire consortium is the fittest of all. We further demonstrate that the rank order of fitness values agrees with estimates of yield, indicating that an experimentally evolved consortium more efficiently converts primary and secondary resources to offspring than its ancestor or any member acting in isolation.IMPORTANCE Polymicrobial consortia occur in both environmental and clinical settings. In many cases, diversity and productivity correlate in these consortia, especially when sustained by positive, density-dependent interactions. However, the evolutionary history of such entities is typically obscure, making it difficult to establish the relative fitness of consortium partners and to use those data to illuminate the diversity-productivity relationship. Here, we dissect an Escherichia coli consortium that evolved under continuous glucose limitation in the laboratory from a single common ancestor. We show that a partnership consisting of cross-feeding ecotypes is better able to secure primary and secondary resources and to convert those resources to offspring than the ancestral clone. Such interactions may be a prelude to a special form of syntrophy and are likely determinants of microbial community structure in nature, including those having clinical significance such as chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Yang
- Division Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashley Alexander
- Division Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Margie Kinnersley
- Division Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Emily Cook
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy Caudy
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Rosebrock
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Rosenzweig
- Division Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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13
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Bogard MJ, Vogt RJ, Hayes NM, Leavitt PR. Unabated Nitrogen Pollution Favors Growth of Toxic Cyanobacteria over Chlorophytes in Most Hypereutrophic Lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3219-3227. [PMID: 32077281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human release of reactive nitrogen (N) to the environment has increased 10-fold since 1860 and is expected to increase by a further ∼75% by 2050. Much of this N enters phosphorus (P)-rich, eutrophic lakes in agricultural and urbanized watersheds. While N pollution of eutrophic lakes can promote toxic cyanobacterial growth, some cases of extreme N loading have led to the dominance of chlorophytes (green algae). As N loads required to shift communities from cyanobacterial to chlorophyte dominance are unclear, we experimentally tested phytoplankton responses to a gradient of N loading in a P-rich lake. Low-to-moderate doses (1-3 mg N L-1 week-1) promoted toxic cyanobacterial dominance and elevated concentrations of the hepatotoxin microcystin. Conversely, loads characteristic of pure urban or agricultural effluents (up to 18 mg N L-1 week-1) led to the dominance of chlorophytes over cyanobacteria and lower microcystin content. This indicates that N loads needed to sustain chlorophyte dominance are uncommon, likely restricted to select shallow lakes directly exposed to urban or agricultural effluents. As most N pollution regimes in P-rich lakes will favor toxic cyanobacterial dominance, restricting future N pollution will help curb further cyanobacterial dominance in lakes both directly and by constraining the capacity for future P loading and climate warming to drive cyanobacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Bogard
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Richard J Vogt
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Nicole M Hayes
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Peter R Leavitt
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Antrim BT9 5DL, U.K
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14
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Burson A, Stomp M, Mekkes L, Huisman J. Stable coexistence of equivalent nutrient competitors through niche differentiation in the light spectrum. Ecology 2019; 100:e02873. [PMID: 31463935 PMCID: PMC6916172 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Niche-based theories and the neutral theory of biodiversity differ in their predictions of how the species composition of natural communities will respond to changes in nutrient availability. This is an issue of major environmental relevance, as many ecosystems have experienced changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) due to anthropogenic manipulation of nutrient loading. To understand how changes in N and P limitation may impact community structure, we conducted laboratory competition experiments using a multispecies phytoplankton community sampled from the North Sea. Results showed that picocyanobacteria (Cyanobium sp.) won the competition under N limitation, while picocyanobacteria and nonmotile nanophytoplankton (Nannochloropsis sp.) coexisted at equal abundances under P limitation. Additional experiments using isolated monocultures confirmed that Cyanobium sp. depleted N to lower levels than Nannochloropsis sp., but that both species had nearly identical P requirements, suggesting a potential for neutral coexistence under P-limited conditions. Pairwise competition experiments with the two isolates seemed to support the consistency of these results, but P limitation resulted in stable species coexistence irrespective of the initial conditions rather than the random drift of species abundances predicted by neutral theory. Comparison of the light absorption spectra indicates that coexistence of the two species was stabilized through differential use of the underwater light spectrum. Our results provide an interesting experimental example of modern coexistence theory, where species were equal competitors in one niche dimension but their competitive traits differed in other niche dimensions, thus enabling stable species coexistence on a single limiting nutrient through niche differentiation in the light spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Burson
- Department of Freshwater and Marine EcologyInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Present address:
School of GeographyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Maayke Stomp
- Department of Freshwater and Marine EcologyInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lisette Mekkes
- Department of Freshwater and Marine EcologyInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Marine Biodiversity GroupNaturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine EcologyInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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15
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Bernard C, Escalas A, Villeriot N, Agogué H, Hugoni M, Duval C, Carré C, Got P, Sarazin G, Jézéquel D, Leboulanger C, Grossi V, Ader M, Troussellier M. Very Low Phytoplankton Diversity in a Tropical Saline-Alkaline Lake, with Co-dominance of Arthrospira fusiformis (Cyanobacteria) and Picocystis salinarum (Chlorophyta). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 78:603-617. [PMID: 30729265 PMCID: PMC6744573 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lake Dziani Dzaha (Mayotte Island, Indian Ocean) is a tropical thalassohaline lake which geochemical and biological conditions make it a unique aquatic ecosystem considered as a modern analogue of Precambrian environments. In the present study, we focused on the diversity of phytoplanktonic communities, which produce very high and stable biomass (mean2014-2015 = 652 ± 179 μg chlorophyll a L-1). As predicted by classical community ecology paradigms, and as observed in similar environments, a single species is expected to dominate the phytoplanktonic communities. To test this hypothesis, we sampled water column in the deepest part of the lake (18 m) during rainy and dry seasons for two consecutive years. Phytoplanktonic communities were characterized using a combination of metagenomic, microscopy-based and flow cytometry approaches, and we used statistical modeling to identify the environmental factors determining the abundance of dominant organisms. As hypothesized, the overall diversity of the phytoplanktonic communities was very low (15 OTUs), but we observed a co-dominance of two, and not only one, OTUs, viz., Arthrospira fusiformis (Cyanobacteria) and Picocystis salinarum (Chlorophyta). We observed a decrease in the abundance of these co-dominant taxa along the depth profile and identified the adverse environmental factors driving this decline. The functional traits measured on isolated strains of these two taxa (i.e., size, pigment composition, and concentration) are then compared and discussed to explain their capacity to cope with the extreme environmental conditions encountered in the aphotic, anoxic, and sulfidic layers of the water column of Lake Dziani Dzaha.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bernard
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, 57 Rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - A Escalas
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, 57 Rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - N Villeriot
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, 57 Rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
- UMR 9190 MARBEC, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - IRD - IFREMER, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - H Agogué
- UMR 7266 LIENSs, Université de La Rochelle - CNRS, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - M Hugoni
- UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne, Université Lyon 1 - CNRS - INRA, 69220, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - C Duval
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, 57 Rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - C Carré
- UMR 9190 MARBEC, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - IRD - IFREMER, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - P Got
- UMR 9190 MARBEC, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - IRD - IFREMER, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - G Sarazin
- UMR 7154 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 1 rue de Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - D Jézéquel
- UMR 7154 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 1 rue de Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - C Leboulanger
- UMR 9190 MARBEC, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - IRD - IFREMER, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - V Grossi
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon - CNRS - UCBL - ENSL, 69220 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Ader
- UMR 7154 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 1 rue de Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - M Troussellier
- UMR 9190 MARBEC, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - IRD - IFREMER, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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16
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Ma J, Song J, Li X, Yuan H, Li N, Duan L, Wang Q. Environmental characteristics in three seamount areas of the Tropical Western Pacific Ocean: Focusing on nutrients. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 143:163-174. [PMID: 31789152 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients distribution and influencing factors in three seamount areas named Y3, M2 and C4 of the Tropical Western Pacific Ocean (TWPO) were investigated. Nutrients showed obvious uplifts around the three seamounts, consistent with the uplifts of isotherms and isohalines, indicating the existence of a bottom-up process of nutrients. Meanwhile, compared with the stations away from seamount and the reference stations in the TWPO, nutrients concentrations around seamount were much higher. Among the three seamounts, the average nutrients concentrations were highest in Y3, while they were lowest in C4. Moreover, compared with the obvious nitrogen limitation in Y3 and M2, the N:P (13.5:1) and Si:N (6.1:1) were closed to the Redfield ratio. The current-seamount interaction was the determining influencing factor on nutrients distribution, causing the hydrology dynamic changes such as uplifts and Taylor column. Meanwhile, T and S also affected nutrients distribution, especially nutrients and T showed significant negative correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinming Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xuegang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huamao Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ning Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Liqin Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qidong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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17
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Velez P, Espinosa-Asuar L, Figueroa M, Gasca-Pineda J, Aguirre-von-Wobeser E, Eguiarte LE, Hernandez-Monroy A, Souza V. Nutrient Dependent Cross-Kingdom Interactions: Fungi and Bacteria From an Oligotrophic Desert Oasis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1755. [PMID: 30131780 PMCID: PMC6090137 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial interactions play a key role in ecosystem functioning, with nutrient availability as an important determinant. Although phylogenetically distant bacteria and fungi commonly co-occur in nature, information on their cross-kingdom interactions under unstable, extreme environments remains poor. Hence, the aims of this work were to evaluate potential in vitro interactions among fungi and bacteria isolated from a phosphorous oligotrophic aquatic system in the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin, Mexico, and to test the nutrients-based shifts. We assessed growth changes in bacteria (Aeromonas and Vibrio) and fungi (Coprinellus micaceus, Cladosporium sp., and Aspergillus niger) on co-cultures in relation to monocultures under diverse nutrient scenarios on Petri dishes. Interactions were explored using a network analysis, and a metabolome profiling for specific taxa. We identified nutrient-dependent patterns, as beneficial interactions dominated in low-nutrients media and antagonistic interactions dominated in rich media. This suggests that cross-kingdom synergistic interactions might favor microbial colonization and growth under low nutrient conditions, representing an adaptive trait to oligotrophic environments. Moreover, our findings agree with the stress-gradient hypothesis, since microbial interactions shifted from competition to cooperation as environmental stress (expressed as low nutrients) increased. At a functional level consistent differences were detected in the production of secondary metabolites, agreeing with plate bioassays. Our results based on culture experiments, provides evidence to understand the complexity of microbial dynamics and survival in phosphorous-depleted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Velez
- Laboratorio de Evolución Molecular y Experimental, Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Espinosa-Asuar
- Laboratorio de Evolución Molecular y Experimental, Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Laboratorio 125-E, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Gasca-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Evolución Molecular y Experimental, Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Luis E. Eguiarte
- Laboratorio de Evolución Molecular y Experimental, Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abril Hernandez-Monroy
- Laboratorio de Evolución Molecular y Experimental, Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valeria Souza
- Laboratorio de Evolución Molecular y Experimental, Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Burson A, Stomp M, Greenwell E, Grosse J, Huisman J. Competition for nutrients and light: testing advances in resource competition with a natural phytoplankton community. Ecology 2018; 99:1108-1118. [PMID: 29453803 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A key challenge in ecology is to understand how nutrients and light affect the biodiversity and community structure of phytoplankton and plant communities. According to resource competition models, ratios of limiting nutrients are major determinants of species composition. At high nutrient levels, however, species interactions may shift to competition for light, which might make nutrient ratios less relevant. The "nutrient-load hypothesis" merges these two perspectives, by extending the classic model of competition for two nutrients to include competition for light. Here, we test five key predictions of the nutrient-load hypothesis using multispecies competition experiments. A marine phytoplankton community sampled from the North Sea was inoculated in laboratory chemostats provided with different nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads to induce either single resource limitation or co-limitation of N, P, and light. Four of the five predictions were validated by the experiments. In particular, different resource limitations favored the dominance of different species. Increasing nutrient loads caused changes in phytoplankton species composition, even if the N:P ratio of the nutrient loads remained constant, by shifting the species interactions from competition for nutrients to competition for light. In all treatments, small species became dominant whereas larger species were competitively excluded, supporting the common view that small cell size provides a competitive advantage under resource-limited conditions. Contrary to expectation, all treatments led to coexistence of diatoms, cyanobacteria and green algae, resulting in a higher diversity of species than predicted by theory. Because the coexisting species comprised three phyla with different photosynthetic pigments, we speculate that niche differentiation in the light spectrum might play a role. Our results show that mechanistic resource competition models that integrate nutrient-based and light-based approaches provide an important step forward to understand and predict how changing nutrient loads affect community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Burson
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maayke Stomp
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Greenwell
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Grosse
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Den Burg/Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Trait selection and co-existence of phytoplankton in partially mixed systems: Trait based modelling and potential of an aggregated approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194076. [PMID: 29566012 PMCID: PMC5863978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait selection and co-existence in phytoplankton communities in partially mixed water columns is investigated using trait based modelling. In the models employed, trait selection results from phytoplankton competition for two limiting resources, light and nutrients. The study employs spatially resolved models, in which the phytoplankton community is represented as a large number of trait-groups characterized by fixed trait combinations (trade-offs). Results from the trait-group resolving model (RM) are compared to results from an aggregated trait based model with adaptive traits (AM). Differences in specific production resulting from a trade-off between the half saturation constants of light and nutrients are sufficient to support evolutionary stable co-existence confirming that co-existence does not require differences in resource consumption. If abiotic conditions lead to the selection of a single trait group in RM, AM provides excellent approximations of the development of total biomass, average community trait and trait variance in the phytoplankton community. However, if selection leads to bimodal trait distributions, e.g. to co-existence of two trait groups (or species), functionally important properties of the phytoplankton community cannot be adequately represented by the aggregated information provided by AM. Because the increase in variance due to the development of bimodal trait distributions cannot be distinguished from an increase in variance due to an increase in trait diversity, the development of trait variance in AM models is not a reliable measure of trait diversity. Furthermore, AM may not provide reliable simulations of trophic interactions if the performance of the consumers depends on the traits of their resources. However, AM may support exploration of the consequences of environmental conditions and of the parameterization of species for co-existence within communities.
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20
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Kaldy JE, Brown CA, Nelson WG, Frazier M. Macrophyte Community Response to Nitrogen Loading and Thermal Stressors in Rapidly Flushed Mesocosm Systems. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 2017; 497:107-119. [PMID: 29225370 PMCID: PMC5716360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A mesocosm system was developed to simulate estuarine conditions characteristic of short water-residence time ecosystems of the Pacific Coast of North America, and used to evaluate the response of multiple macrophyte metrics to gradients of NO3 loading and temperature. Replicated experiments found that few responses could be directly attributed to NO3 loading up to 6 x ambient. Some response metrics exhibited weak relationships with nutrient loading but could not be resolved with available statistical power. While direct nutrient responses were found for some species-specific metrics (e.g. green macroalgal growth and biomass, tissue N%, etc.), many patterns were confounded with temperature. Temperature generally had a larger effect on response metrics than did nutrient load. Experimental macrophyte communities exhibited community shifts consistent with the predicted effects of nutrient loading at 20 °C, but there was no evidence of other eutrophication symptoms (phytoplankton blooms or hypoxia) due to the short system-residence time. The Z. marina Nutrient Pollution Index (NPI) tracked the NO3 gradient at 10 °C, but exhibited no response at 20 °C, which may limit the utility of this metric in areas with marked thermal seasonality. Results suggest that teasing apart the influence of temperature and nutrients on the expression of eutrophication symptoms will require complex multi-stressor experiments and the use of indicators that are sensitive across a broad range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Kaldy
- Western Ecology Division, US – EPA, 2111 SE Marine Science Dr., Newport, OR, USA
- Corresponding author: , Phone: 541-867-4026
| | - Cheryl A. Brown
- Western Ecology Division, US – EPA, 2111 SE Marine Science Dr., Newport, OR, USA
| | - Walter G. Nelson
- Western Ecology Division, US – EPA, 2111 SE Marine Science Dr., Newport, OR, USA
| | - Melanie Frazier
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State St., Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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21
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Lewandowska AM, Biermann A, Borer ET, Cebrián-Piqueras MA, Declerck SAJ, De Meester L, Van Donk E, Gamfeldt L, Gruner DS, Hagenah N, Harpole WS, Kirkman KP, Klausmeier CA, Kleyer M, Knops JMH, Lemmens P, Lind EM, Litchman E, Mantilla-Contreras J, Martens K, Meier S, Minden V, Moore JL, Venterink HO, Seabloom EW, Sommer U, Striebel M, Trenkamp A, Trinogga J, Urabe J, Vyverman W, Van de Waal DB, Widdicombe CE, Hillebrand H. The influence of balanced and imbalanced resource supply on biodiversity-functioning relationship across ecosystems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0283. [PMID: 27114584 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies show that increasing species richness leads to higher ecosystem productivity. This effect is often attributed to more efficient portioning of multiple resources in communities with higher numbers of competing species, indicating the role of resource supply and stoichiometry for biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Here, we merged theory on ecological stoichiometry with a framework of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning to understand how resource use transfers into primary production. We applied a structural equation model to define patterns of diversity-productivity relationships with respect to available resources. Meta-analysis was used to summarize the findings across ecosystem types ranging from aquatic ecosystems to grasslands and forests. As hypothesized, resource supply increased realized productivity and richness, but we found significant differences between ecosystems and study types. Increased richness was associated with increased productivity, although this effect was not seen in experiments. More even communities had lower productivity, indicating that biomass production is often maintained by a few dominant species, and reduced dominance generally reduced ecosystem productivity. This synthesis, which integrates observational and experimental studies in a variety of ecosystems and geographical regions, exposes common patterns and differences in biodiversity-functioning relationships, and increases the mechanistic understanding of changes in ecosystems productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Lewandowska
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Antje Biermann
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Miguel A Cebrián-Piqueras
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Steven A J Declerck
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32 bus 2439, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Gamfeldt
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Daniel S Gruner
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nicole Hagenah
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Carbis Road, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kevin P Kirkman
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Carbis Road, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Christopher A Klausmeier
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Michael Kleyer
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, 211 Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Pieter Lemmens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32 bus 2439, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric M Lind
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Elena Litchman
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jasmin Mantilla-Contreras
- Institute of Biology and Chemistry, University of Hildesheim, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Koen Martens
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINSc), Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Meier
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Vanessa Minden
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Harry Olde Venterink
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Maren Striebel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Anastasia Trenkamp
- Institute of Biology and Chemistry, University of Hildesheim, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Juliane Trinogga
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jotaro Urabe
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 982-0011, Japan
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Helmut Hillebrand
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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22
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Grosse J, Burson A, Stomp M, Huisman J, Boschker HTS. From Ecological Stoichiometry to Biochemical Composition: Variation in N and P Supply Alters Key Biosynthetic Rates in Marine Phytoplankton. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1299. [PMID: 28747905 PMCID: PMC5506227 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in ecological stoichiometry is to establish how environmental changes in resource availability may affect both the biochemical composition of organisms and the species composition of communities. This is a pressing issue in many coastal waters, where anthropogenic activities have caused large changes in riverine nutrient inputs. Here we investigate variation in the biochemical composition and synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids (FA), and carbohydrates in mixed phytoplankton communities sampled from the North Sea. The communities were cultured in chemostats supplied with different concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) to establish four different types of resource limitations. Diatoms dominated under N-limited, N+P limited and P-limited conditions. Cyanobacteria became dominant in one of the N-limited chemostats and green algae dominated in the one P-limited chemostat and under light-limited conditions. Changes in nutrient availability directly affected amino acid content, which was lowest under N and N+P limitation, higher under P-limitation and highest when light was the limiting factor. Storage carbohydrate content showed the opposite trend and storage FA content seemed to be co-dependent on community composition. The synthesis of essential amino acids was affected under N and N+P limitation, as the transformation from non-essential to essential amino acids decreased at DIN:DIP ≤ 6. The simple community structure and clearly identifiable nutrient limitations confirm and clarify previous field findings in the North Sea. Our results show that different phytoplankton groups are capable of adapting their key biosynthetic rates and hence their biochemical composition to different degrees when experiencing shifts in nutrient availability. This will have implications for phytoplankton growth, community structure, and the nutritional quality of phytoplankton as food for higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Grosse
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht UniversityDen Burg, Netherlands
| | - Amanda Burson
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maayke Stomp
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henricus T S Boschker
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht UniversityDen Burg, Netherlands
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23
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Moeslund JE, Brunbjerg AK, Clausen KK, Dalby L, Fløjgaard C, Juel A, Lenoir J. Using dark diversity and plant characteristics to guide conservation and restoration. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund
- Section for Biodiversity & Conservation; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Grenåvej 14 8410 Kalø Denmark
| | - Ane Kirstine Brunbjerg
- Section for Biodiversity & Conservation; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Grenåvej 14 8410 Kalø Denmark
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | | | - Lars Dalby
- Section for Biodiversity & Conservation; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Grenåvej 14 8410 Kalø Denmark
| | - Camilla Fløjgaard
- Section for Biodiversity & Conservation; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Grenåvej 14 8410 Kalø Denmark
| | - Anders Juel
- Section for Nature Conservation; The Nature Agency, Ministry of Environment and Food; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR “Ecologie et dynamique des systèmes anthropisés” (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS-UPJV); Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
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24
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Leibold MA, Hall SR, Smith VH, Lytle DA. Herbivory enhances the diversity of primary producers in pond ecosystems. Ecology 2017; 98:48-56. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew A. Leibold
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Spencer R. Hall
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Val H. Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas 66045 USA
| | - David A. Lytle
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
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25
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Baragi LV, Anil AC. Synergistic effect of elevated temperature, pCO2 and nutrients on marine biofilm. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 105:102-109. [PMID: 26936123 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural marine biofilms provide signatures of the events that occur over a period of time and can be used as bioindicators of environmental changes. Hence, the effects of temperature (30 and 34°C), pCO2 (400 and 1500μatm) and nutrients (unenriched and enriched f/2 media) on the marine biofilm were evaluated using a 2×2×2 factorial design. In unenriched condition, acidification significantly increased the abundance of phytoperiphytes whereas reduced that of bacteria and it was vice versa in the enriched condition. Warming had significant negative effect on the abundance of both phytoperiphytes and bacteria, except in unenriched condition wherein it favoured bacterial growth. Synergistically, acidification and warming had deleterious effects resulting in further reduction in the abundance of both phytoperiphytes and bacteria, except in enriched condition wherein bacterial abundance increased. Such changes in biofilm communities in response to warming and acidification can have cascading effect on the subsequent build-up of macrofouling community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita V Baragi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India
| | - Arga Chandrashekar Anil
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India.
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26
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Zomorrodi AR, Segrè D. Synthetic Ecology of Microbes: Mathematical Models and Applications. J Mol Biol 2015; 428:837-61. [PMID: 26522937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As the indispensable role of natural microbial communities in many aspects of life on Earth is uncovered, the bottom-up engineering of synthetic microbial consortia with novel functions is becoming an attractive alternative to engineering single-species systems. Here, we summarize recent work on synthetic microbial communities with a particular emphasis on open challenges and opportunities in environmental sustainability and human health. We next provide a critical overview of mathematical approaches, ranging from phenomenological to mechanistic, to decipher the principles that govern the function, dynamics and evolution of microbial ecosystems. Finally, we present our outlook on key aspects of microbial ecosystems and synthetic ecology that require further developments, including the need for more efficient computational algorithms, a better integration of empirical methods and model-driven analysis, the importance of improving gene function annotation, and the value of a standardized library of well-characterized organisms to be used as building blocks of synthetic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Segrè
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA.
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27
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Bellucci M, Ofiţeru ID, Beneduce L, Graham DW, Head IM, Curtis TP. A preliminary and qualitative study of resource ratio theory to nitrifying lab-scale bioreactors. Microb Biotechnol 2015; 8:590-603. [PMID: 25874592 PMCID: PMC4408191 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of microbial diversity in design would ideally require predictive theory that would relate operational parameters to the numbers and distribution of taxa. Resource ratio-theory (RRT) might be one such theory. Based on Monod kinetics, it explains diversity in function of resource-ratio and richness. However, to be usable in biological engineered system, the growth parameters of all the bacteria under consideration and the resource supply and diffusion parameters for all the relevant nutrients should be determined. This is challenging, but plausible, at least for low diversity groups with simple resource requirements like the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). One of the major successes of RRT was its ability to explain the ‘paradox of enrichment’ which states that diversity first increases and then decreases with resource richness. Here, we demonstrate that this pattern can be seen in lab-scale-activated sludge reactors and parallel simulations that incorporate the principles of RRT in a floc-based system. High and low ammonia and oxygen were supplied to continuous flow bioreactors with resource conditions correlating with the composition and diversity of resident AOB communities based on AOB 16S rDNA clone libraries. Neither the experimental work nor the simulations are definitive proof for the application of RRT in this context. However, it is sufficient evidence that such approach might work and justify a more rigorous investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Bellucci
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Foggia, via Napoli 25, Foggia, 71122, Italy
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28
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Ponce-Soto GY, Aguirre-von-Wobeser E, Eguiarte LE, Elser JJ, Lee ZMP, Souza V. Enrichment experiment changes microbial interactions in an ultra-oligotrophic environment. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:246. [PMID: 25883593 PMCID: PMC4381637 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of nutrients in water bodies, in particular nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) due to the recent expansion of agricultural and other human activities is accelerating environmental degradation of these water bodies, elevating the risk of eutrophication and reducing biodiversity. To evaluate the ecological effects of the influx of nutrients in an oligotrophic and stoichiometrically imbalanced environment, we performed a replicated in situ mesocosm experiment. We analyzed the effects of a N- and P-enrichment on the bacterial interspecific interactions in an experiment conducted in the Cuatro Cienegas Basin (CCB) in Mexico. This is a desert ecosystem comprised of several aquatic systems with a large number of microbial endemic species. The abundance of key nutrients in this basin exhibits strong stoichiometric imbalance (high N:P ratios), suggesting that species diversity is maintained mostly by competition for resources. We focused on the biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of 960 strains of cultivated bacteria in two habitats, water and sediment, before and after 3 weeks of fertilization. The water habitat was dominated by Pseudomonas, while Halomonas dominated the sediment. Strong antibiotic resistance was found among the isolates at time zero in the nutrient-poor bacterial communities, but resistance declined in the bacteria isolated in the nutrient-rich environments, suggesting that in the nutrient-poor original environment, negative inter-specific interactions were important, while in the nutrient-rich environments, competitive interactions are not so important. In water, a significant increase in the percentage of biofilm-forming strains was observed for all treatments involving nutrient addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Y Ponce-Soto
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular y Experimental, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Coyoacán, México
| | | | - Luis E Eguiarte
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular y Experimental, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Coyoacán, México
| | - James J Elser
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Zarraz M-P Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Valeria Souza
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular y Experimental, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Coyoacán, México
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29
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Brauer VS, Stomp M, Bouvier T, Fouilland E, Leboulanger C, Confurius-Guns V, Weissing FJ, Stal L, Huisman J. Competition and facilitation between the marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Cyanothece and its associated bacterial community. Front Microbiol 2015; 5:795. [PMID: 25642224 PMCID: PMC4294207 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N2-fixing cyanobacteria represent a major source of new nitrogen and carbon for marine microbial communities, but little is known about their ecological interactions with associated microbiota. In this study we investigated the interactions between the unicellular N2-fixing cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. Miami BG043511 and its associated free-living chemotrophic bacteria at different concentrations of nitrate and dissolved organic carbon and different temperatures. High temperature strongly stimulated the growth of Cyanothece, but had less effect on the growth and community composition of the chemotrophic bacteria. Conversely, nitrate and carbon addition did not significantly increase the abundance of Cyanothece, but strongly affected the abundance and species composition of the associated chemotrophic bacteria. In nitrate-free medium the associated bacterial community was co-dominated by the putative diazotroph Mesorhizobium and the putative aerobic anoxygenic phototroph Erythrobacter and after addition of organic carbon also by the Flavobacterium Muricauda. Addition of nitrate shifted the composition toward co-dominance by Erythrobacter and the Gammaproteobacterium Marinobacter. Our results indicate that Cyanothece modified the species composition of its associated bacteria through a combination of competition and facilitation. Furthermore, within the bacterial community, niche differentiation appeared to play an important role, contributing to the coexistence of a variety of different functional groups. An important implication of these findings is that changes in nitrogen and carbon availability due to, e.g., eutrophication and climate change are likely to have a major impact on the species composition of the bacterial community associated with N2-fixing cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena S. Brauer
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Theoretical Biology, Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
- Laboratoire Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers ECOSYM, UMR 5119, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Université Montpellier 2Montpellier, France
| | - Maayke Stomp
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thierry Bouvier
- Laboratoire Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers ECOSYM, UMR 5119, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Université Montpellier 2Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Fouilland
- Laboratoire Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers ECOSYM, UMR 5119, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Université Montpellier 2Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Leboulanger
- Laboratoire Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers ECOSYM, UMR 5119, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Université Montpellier 2Montpellier, France
| | - Veronique Confurius-Guns
- Department of Marine Microbiology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchYerseke, Netherlands
| | - Franz J. Weissing
- Department of Theoretical Biology, Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - LucasJ. Stal
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Marine Microbiology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchYerseke, Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
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30
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Ryabov AB, Blasius B. Depth of the biomass maximum affects the rules of resource competition in a water column. Am Nat 2014; 184:E132-46. [PMID: 25481931 DOI: 10.1086/677544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The theory of resource competition in spatially extended systems with resources and biomass fluxes is far from trivial. Here, we analyze the competition between two phytoplankton species for light and a nutrient in a weakly mixed water column. We develop a general framework for such an analysis and show that the competition outcome can be largely understood from a single parameter, the slope of the invasion threshold in the plane of resources. Using this approach, we show that the competition outcome crucially depends on the depth of the biomass maximum. Under eutrophic conditions, when the phytoplankton production peaks on the surface, species composition depends on the ratio of resource supplies, and the competition outcome follows the “classic” rule: coexistence is possible if each competitor has the greatest effect on its most limiting resource. By contrast, in oligotrophic systems, characterized by deep biomass maxima, the absolute level of resource supplies drives species composition, and coexistence becomes more feasible if each competitor mostly consumes its least limiting resource. Finally, when the production peaks in the subsurface, good nutrient competitors are favored. Our findings are supported by empirical data.
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31
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Chen X, Li X. Using quantile regression to analyze the stressor–response relationships between nutrient levels and algal biomass in three shallow lakes of the Lake Taihu Basin, China. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Steiner CF. Stochastic sequential dispersal and nutrient enrichment drive beta diversity in space and time. Ecology 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/13-1321.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Hillebrand H, Cowles JM, Lewandowska A, Van de Waal DB, Plum C. Think ratio! A stoichiometric view on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research. Basic Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Wilken S, Verspagen JMH, Naus-Wiezer S, Van Donk E, Huisman J. Biological control of toxic cyanobacteria by mixotrophic predators: an experimental test of intraguild predation theory. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 24:1235-49. [PMID: 25154110 DOI: 10.1890/13-0218.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Intraguild predators both feed on and compete with their intraguild prey. In theory, intraguild predators can therefore be very effective as biological control agents of intraguild prey species, especially in productive environments. We investigated this hypothesis using the mixotrophic chrysophyte Ochromonas as intraguild predator and the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa as its prey. Ochromonas can grow photoautotrophically, but can also graze efficiently on Microcystis. Hence, it competes with its prey for inorganic resources. We developed a mathematical model and parameterized it for our experimental food web. The model predicts dominance of Microcystis at low nutrient loads, coexistence of both species at intermediate nutrient loads, and dominance of Ochromonas but a strong decrease of Microcystis at high nutrient loads. We tested these theoretical predictions in chemostat experiments supplied with three different nitrogen concentrations. Ochromonas initially suppressed the Microcystis abundance by > 97% compared to the Microcystis monocultures. Thereafter, however, Microcystis gradually recovered to -20% of its monoculture abundance at low nitrogen loads, but to 50-60% at high nitrogen loads. Hence, Ochromonas largely lost control over the Microcystis population at high nitrogen loads. We explored several mechanisms that might explain this deviation from theoretical predictions, and found that intraspecific interference at high Ochromonas densities reduced their grazing rates on Microcystis. These results illustrate the potential of intraguild predation to control pest species, but also show that the effectiveness of their biological control can be reduced in productive environments.
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Verspagen JMH, Van de Waal DB, Finke JF, Visser PM, Huisman J. Contrasting effects of rising CO2 on primary production and ecological stoichiometry at different nutrient levels. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:951-60. [PMID: 24813339 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although rising CO2 concentrations are thought to promote the growth and alter the carbon : nutrient stoichiometry of primary producers, several studies have reported conflicting results. To reconcile these contrasting results, we tested the following hypotheses: rising CO2 levels (1) will increase phytoplankton biomass more at high nutrient loads than at low nutrient loads, but (2) will increase their carbon : nutrient stoichiometry more at low than at high nutrient loads. We formulated a mathematical model to predict dynamic changes in phytoplankton population density, elemental stoichiometry and inorganic carbon chemistry in response to rising CO2 . The model was tested in chemostat experiments with the freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. The model predictions and experimental results confirmed the hypotheses. Our findings provide a novel theoretical framework to understand and predict effects of rising CO2 concentrations on primary producers and their nutritional quality as food for herbivores under different nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda M H Verspagen
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jäger CG, Diehl S. Resource competition across habitat boundaries: asymmetric interactions between benthic and pelagic producers. ECOL MONOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/13-0613.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sandrini G, Matthijs HCP, Verspagen JMH, Muyzer G, Huisman J. Genetic diversity of inorganic carbon uptake systems causes variation in CO2 response of the cyanobacterium Microcystis. THE ISME JOURNAL 2014; 8:589-600. [PMID: 24132080 PMCID: PMC3930318 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rising CO2 levels may act as an important selective factor on the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) of cyanobacteria. We investigated genetic diversity in the CCM of Microcystis aeruginosa, a species producing harmful cyanobacterial blooms in many lakes worldwide. All 20 investigated Microcystis strains contained complete genes for two CO2 uptake systems, the ATP-dependent bicarbonate uptake system BCT1 and several carbonic anhydrases (CAs). However, 12 strains lacked either the high-flux bicarbonate transporter BicA or the high-affinity bicarbonate transporter SbtA. Both genes, bicA and sbtA, were located on the same operon, and the expression of this operon is most likely regulated by an additional LysR-type transcriptional regulator (CcmR2). Strains with only a small bicA fragment clustered together in the phylogenetic tree of sbtAB, and the bicA fragments were similar in strains isolated from different continents. This indicates that a common ancestor may first have lost most of its bicA gene and subsequently spread over the world. Growth experiments showed that strains with sbtA performed better at low inorganic carbon (Ci) conditions, whereas strains with bicA performed better at high Ci conditions. This offers an alternative explanation of previous competition experiments, as our results reveal that the competition at low CO2 levels was won by a specialist with only sbtA, whereas a generalist with both bicA and sbtA won at high CO2 levels. Hence, genetic and phenotypic variation in Ci uptake systems provide Microcystis with the potential for microevolutionary adaptation to changing CO2 conditions, with a selective advantage for bicA-containing strains in a high-CO2 world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sandrini
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C P Matthijs
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M H Verspagen
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Muyzer
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Seasonal variations in PCR-DGGE fingerprinted viruses infecting phytoplankton in large and deep peri-alpine lakes. Ecol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-013-1121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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den Haan J, Huisman J, Dekker F, ten Brinke JL, Ford AK, van Ooijen J, van Duyl FC, Vermeij MJA, Visser PM. Fast detection of nutrient limitation in macroalgae and seagrass with nutrient-induced fluorescence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68834. [PMID: 23861947 PMCID: PMC3702600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid determination of which nutrients limit the primary production of macroalgae and seagrasses is vital for understanding the impacts of eutrophication on marine and freshwater ecosystems. However, current methods to assess nutrient limitation are often cumbersome and time consuming. For phytoplankton, a rapid method has been described based on short-term changes in chlorophyll fluorescence upon nutrient addition, also known as Nutrient-Induced Fluorescence Transients (NIFTs). Thus far, though, the NIFT technique was not well suited for macroalgae and seagrasses. Methodology & Principal Findings We developed a new experimental setup so that the NIFT technique can be used to assess nutrient limitation of benthic macroalgae and seagrasses. We first tested the applicability of the technique on sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca) cultured in the laboratory on nutrient-enriched medium without either nitrogen or phosphorus. Addition of the limiting nutrient resulted in a characteristic change in the fluorescence signal, whereas addition of non-limiting nutrients did not yield a response. Next, we applied the NIFT technique to field samples of the encrusting fan-leaf alga Lobophora variegata, one of the key algal species often involved in the degradation of coral reef ecosystems. The results pointed at co-limitation of L. variegata by phosphorus and nitrogen, although it responded more strongly to phosphate than to nitrate and ammonium addition. For turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum) we found the opposite result, with a stronger NIFT response to nitrate and ammonium than to phosphate. Conclusions & Significance Our extension of the NIFT technique offers an easy and fast method (30–60 min per sample) to determine nutrient limitation of macroalgae and seagrasses. We successfully applied this technique to macroalgae on coral reef ecosystems and to seagrass in a tropical inner bay, and foresee wider application to other aquatic plants, and to other marine and freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost den Haan
- Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Friso Dekker
- Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Amanda K. Ford
- Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Ooijen
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur C. van Duyl
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J. A. Vermeij
- Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- CARMABI Foundation, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Petra M. Visser
- Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Larroudé S, Massei N, Reyes-Marchant P, Delattre C, Humbert JF. Dramatic changes in a phytoplankton community in response to local and global pressures: a 24-year survey of the river Loire (France). GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:1620-1631. [PMID: 23505160 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The impact of climate change and of other anthropogenic pressures on the structure and composition of phytoplankton communities of large European rivers remains poorly documented. Here we report the findings of a study of the changes in the phytoplankton community of the middle segment of the river Loire over the past 24 years. An attempt is made to distinguish between the impact of changes acting at the local scale and that of those acting more globally. A dramatic reduction in phytoplankton abundance was observed, particularly in the mid -1990s; this was concomitant with an increase in the relative proportion of cyanobacteria. At the same time, the phytoplankton community displayed increasing richness and diversity, and little change in its size structure. All these changes seem to be related to local changes, in particular to the reduction in phosphorus concentrations, as well as to changes in climate, throughout modifications in the river discharge and water temperature. Interestingly, herbicide contamination also appeared to be of particular importance in explaining the unexpected increase in the proportion of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community after the 1990s. These findings suggest that combinations of numerous anthropogenic pressures acting at different spatial and temporal scales have led to a mix of predictable and unpredictable changes occurring in the phytoplankton community of the river Loire, with probable consequences for the trophic networks in this river.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Larroudé
- INRA, UMR BIOEMCO, Site de l'ENS, Paris, France
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Bernstein HC, Carlson RP. Microbial Consortia Engineering for Cellular Factories: in vitro to in silico systems. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2012; 3:e201210017. [PMID: 24688677 PMCID: PMC3962199 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201210017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This mini-review discusses the current state of experimental and computational microbial consortia engineering with a focus on cellular factories. A discussion of promising ecological theories central to community resource usage is presented to facilitate interpretation of consortial designs. Recent case studies exemplifying different resource usage motifs and consortial assembly templates are presented. The review also highlights in silico approaches to design and to analyze consortia with an emphasis on stoichiometric modeling methods. The discipline of microbial consortia engineering possesses a widely accepted potential to generate highly novel and effective bio-catalysts for applications from biofuels to specialty chemicals to enhanced mineral recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Bernstein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering & Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Ross P Carlson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering & Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
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