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Dallman J, Herda A, Cleary CJ, Morey T, Diederich A, Vopat BG, Vopat LM. A Brief Review of the Literature for Published Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Protocols for Athletes. Sports Health 2024; 16:735-743. [PMID: 37953634 PMCID: PMC11346236 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231208204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely known for its utility in diagnosing a patient with osteopenia or osteoporosis; however, its utility in evaluation of body composition and potential athletic performance was previously routinely overlooked. In recent years, athletic programs have begun employing this equipment during athlete screening. However, it is currently unknown how athletic programs are utilizing this information to guide an athlete's training and health. OBJECTIVE To explore the literature to identify what is known regarding sports performance and athlete health based on body composition recordings. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for this brief review. STUDY SELECTION A focus was placed on articles within the past 10 years that discussed DXA protocols within athletic populations; 14 articles were included in this brief literature review. STUDY DESIGN Brief literature review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 5. DATA EXTRACTION One member of the research team searched the literature and retrieved articles with the purpose of analyzing and/or explaining DXA imaging in body composition analysis of active persons (primarily athletes). RESULTS Quality assurance scans with a phantom calibration block as well as athlete prescreening condition and activity standardization was routinely recommended. However, only 1 study reported a specific DXA protocol for athletes, and only 1 study described guidelines for how to report DXA results in athletic populations, suggesting it is plausible yet difficult due to the small changes detectable. CONCLUSION Due to the limited literature as well as a lack of reference values for specific athletic populations, the authors of this review recommend using the current Nana et al (Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2015;25:198-215) DXA protocol for performing DXA scans in the athletic population as well as current Hind et al (J Clin Densitom 2018;21:429-443) guidelines for distributing the information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Herda
- University of Kansas Exercise and Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Christopher J. Cleary
- University of Kansas Exercise and Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Tucker Morey
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Andrew Diederich
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Bryan G. Vopat
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Lisa M. Vopat
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansas City, Kansas
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Fleury ES, Kuiper JR, Buckley JP, Papandonatos GD, Cecil KM, Chen A, Eaton CB, Kalkwarf HJ, Lanphear BP, Yolton K, Braun JM. Evaluating the association between longitudinal exposure to a PFAS mixture and adolescent cardiometabolic risk in the HOME Study. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e289. [PMID: 38343730 PMCID: PMC10852393 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) throughout gestation and childhood may impact cardiometabolic risk. Methods In 179 HOME Study participants (Cincinnati, OH; recruited 2003-2006), we used latent profile analysis to identify two distinct patterns of PFAS exposure from serum concentrations of four PFAS measured at birth and ages 3, 8, and 12 years. We assessed the homeostatic model of insulin resistance, triglycerides-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, systolic blood pressure, visceral fat, and hemoglobin A1c levels at age 12 years. We used multivariable linear regression to assess the association of membership in the longitudinal PFAS mixture exposure group with a summary measure of overall cardiometabolic risk and individual components. Results One PFAS exposure profile (n = 66, 39%) had higher geometric means of all PFAS across all visits than the other. Although adjusted associations were null in the full sample, child sex modified the association of longitudinal PFAS mixture exposure group with overall cardiometabolic risk, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, systolic blood pressure, and visceral fat (interaction term P values: 0.02-0.08). Females in the higher exposure group had higher cardiometabolic risk scores (ß = 0.43; 95% CI = -0.08, 0.94), systolic blood pressures (ß = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.1, 1.1), and visceral fat (ß = 0.44; 95% CI = -0.13, 1.01); males had lower cardiometabolic risk scores (ß = -0.52; 95% CI = -1.06, -0.06), leptin-to-adiponectin ratios (ß = -0.7; 95% CI = -1.29, -0.1), systolic blood pressures (ß = -0.14; 95% CI = -0.7, 0.41), and visceral fat (ß = -0.52; 95% CI = -0.84, -0.19). Conclusions Exposure to this PFAS mixture throughout childhood may have sex-specific effects on adolescent cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan R. Kuiper
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, D.C
| | - Jessie P. Buckley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charles B. Eaton
- Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Heidi J. Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI
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Coulombe JC, Maridas DE, Chow JL, Bouxsein ML. Small animal DXA instrument comparison and validation. Bone 2024; 178:116923. [PMID: 37778596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Several new peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) devices designed for assessment of bone and body composition in rodents have been developed. We compared the performance (accuracy and precision) of two of these devices, the InAlyzer and the iNSiGHT, to those of an established device, the PIXImus. We measured total body bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and body composition (lean and fat mass) on the three DXA devices in 18 male C57Bl/6 J mice (6 each of ages 8, 14, and 24 weeks, weighing 22 to 33 g). DXA body composition measures were compared to whole-body nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) outcomes. BMC of the femur was also compared to ex vivo micro-computed tomography (microCT). Total body BMD from the InAlyzer and iNSiGHT devices was strongly correlated to that from PIXImus (R2 = 0.83 and 0.82, respectively), but was ~25 % higher than PIXImus. Total body BMC measures by InAlyzer were strongly associated with those from PIXImus (R2 = 0.86), whereas those from iNSiGHT were only weakly correlated (R2 = 0.29). Femur BMC from InAlyzer was strongly correlated with microCT outcomes, whereas iNSiGHT was only weakly correlated. InAlyzer and iNSiGHT fat mass measures were very strongly correlated with PIXImus and NMR outcomes (R2 = 0.91 to 0.97), with slightly weaker associations for lean mass (R2 = 0.81 to 0.76). Short-term precision of InAlyzer and iNSiGHT measurements were excellent, and akin to those from the PIXImus for both body composition and bone measures, ranging between 0.39 and 3.2 %. With faster scan times, closed X-ray source and excellent precision, the new devices are both satisfactory replacements for the now discontinued PIXImus system. However, given the accuracy of the bone and body composition measures, the InAlyzer may be preferable for studies where musculoskeletal changes are the main interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Coulombe
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Jarred L Chow
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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Martins PC, de Lima LRA, Silva AM, Silva DAS. Association between Phase Angle and Body Composition of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with HIV Infection. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1309. [PMID: 37628307 PMCID: PMC10453811 DOI: 10.3390/children10081309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate how phase angle (PhA) is associated with subtotal and lumbar spine bone mineral density [BMD], lean soft tissue mass [LSTM], total body fat mass, android and gynoid in children and adolescents with HIV according to sex. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Florianópolis, Brazil, involving 64 children and adolescents vertically transmitted with HIV. Resistance and reactance values were obtained using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and PhA was subsequently calculated. Dual emission X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition. Antiretroviral medication, physical activity (accelerometers) and skeletal maturation (wrist-carpal radiography) were used in the adjusted model. In males, PhA was directly associated with subtotal BMD (βadj: 0.65; R²: 0.38, p < 0.01) and lumbar spine BMD (βadj: 0.53; R²: 0.22, p = 0.01), directly associated with LSTM (βadj: 0.76; R²: 0.46, p < 0.01), and inversely associated with gynoid fat (βadj: -0.47; R²: 0.2, p = 0.01), in adjusted models. In females, PhA was directly associated with subtotal BMD (βadj: 0.46; R²: 0.17, p < 0.01) and lumbar spine BMD (βadj: 0.48; R²: 0.19, p < 0.01). It is concluded that PhA was directly associated with subtotal and regional BMD, LSTM, and inversely with gynoid fat in boys with HIV. In girls, PA was directly associated only with subtotal and regional BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Custódio Martins
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Department of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus—Trindade-n. 476, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de Lima
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Maceió 57072-900, Alagoas, Brazil;
| | - Analiza Mónica Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Department of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus—Trindade-n. 476, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;
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Chen W, Man S, Hong Y, Kadeerhan G, Chen L, Xu Q, Xiong L, Xu T, Wang B, Huang X. Association between metabolically healthy obesity and kidney stones: results from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1103393. [PMID: 37304121 PMCID: PMC10249726 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1103393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The risk of kidney stones in metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) individuals is largely unexplored. This study using percent body fat (%BF) to categorize obesity, to investigate the association between MHO as well as other metabolic syndrome-obesity combined phenotypes and kidney stones in a national representative population. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study included 4,287 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018. Metabolically healthy status was defined as not having any component of metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance. Obesity was identified by %BF, which was measured and assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Participants were cross-classified by metabolic health and obesity status. The outcome was self-report kidney stones. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the association between MHO and kidney stones. Results A total of 358 participants had kidney stones [weighted prevalence (SE): 8.61% (0.56%)]. The weighted prevalence (SE) of kidney stones in MHN, MHOW, and MHO groups was 3.13% (1.10%), 4.97% (1.36%), and 8.55% (2.09%), respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, daily water intake, CKD stage 3-5, and hyperuricemia, MHO individuals (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.18, 7.0) had a significantly higher risk of kidney stones than those with metabolically healthy normal weight. In metabolically healthy participants, a 5% increment in %BF was associated with a significantly higher risk of kidney stones (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.14). Furthermore, a nonlinear dose-response relationship between %BF and the kidney stones was observed in metabolically healthy participants (P for non-linearity = 0.046). Conclusion Using %BF to define obesity, MHO phenotype was significantly associated with higher risks of kidney stones, suggesting that obesity can independently contribute to kidney stones in the absence of metabolic abnormalities and insulin resistance. Regarding kidney stones prevention, MHO individuals might still benefit from lifestyle interventions aimed at healthy body composition maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Chen
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Sailimai Man
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Gaohaer Kadeerhan
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qingquan Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liulin Xiong
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
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Mourino N, Pérez-Ríos M, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A, Buckley JP, Kalkwarf HJ, Cecil KM, Braun JM. Pre- and postnatal exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and cardiometabolic risk at 12 years: Periods of susceptibility. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115572. [PMID: 36841524 PMCID: PMC10726317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify periods of heightened susceptibility to the association of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure with cardiometabolic (CM) risk at age 12 years. METHODS We used data from 212 adolescents from the HOME Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, OH. Using multiple informant models, we estimated associations of maternal serum cotinine (mean of concentrations at 16 and 26 weeks of pregnancy) and children's serum cotinine concentrations (mean of concentrations at ages 1, 2, 3, and 4 years) with a CM risk summary score constructed of five risk components measured at age 12 years. We determined if these associations differed for pre- and postnatal exposure periods, and adolescent's sex. RESULTS We found some evidence that the cotinine-outcome associations differed by exposure period and sex. Postnatal, but not prenatal, cotinine was associated with higher CM risk scores and individual CM risk component values (interaction p-values = 0.04 to 0.35). Each 10-fold increase in postnatal cotinine was associated with 0.57 (95% CI: 0.32, 1.45), 0.09 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.31), 0.14 (-0.08, 0.35), 0.07 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.48), and 0.11 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.27) higher CM risk, HOMA-IR, TG to HDL-C ratio, leptin to adiponectin ratio, and visceral fat area. Postnatal cotinine was associated with higher visceral fat area among females but not males (sex × period × cotinine interaction p-value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Serum cotinine concentrations during the postnatal period had greater influence on adolescent's CM risk compared to the prenatal period, and these associations may be sex-specific. This study reinforces the need for ongoing public health interventions to minimize children's exposure to SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Mourino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez-Ríos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Massini DA, de Souza Martins ND, de Oliveira TP, Macedo AG, Castro EA, Almeida TAF, Santos FJ, Espada MC, Pessôa Filho DM. The effect of the exercise environment and the level of involvement on bone mineral health. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:113-123. [PMID: 36422677 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to compare athletes practicing exercise in different environments with non-active young and elderly men and women regarding bone mineral density (BMD), hypothesizing that BMD values differ between athletes according to the environment of exercise practice, but those training in a low-gravitational environment have no different stimuli to BMD increasing if compared with healthy peers experiencing reduced exercise involvement, whatever the age group and sex. MATERIALS AND METHODS 104 participants of both sexes were selected according to the environment of exercise practice [swimmers (N = 26) and judo fighters (N = 26)], and exercise level of involvement [non-active young (N = 26) and older adults (N = 26)]. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry provided BMD, lean mass, and fat mass (FM) for the whole body (WB), upper (UL), and lower limbs (LL). RESULTS For the BMD in WB, UL and LL no effects of group and sex were observed (p > 0.05). Post-hoc analyses detected higher values of BMD in UL for female swimmers compared to non-active older adults (p < 0.05), while judo fighters showed higher BMD in WB, UL, and LL than other participants whatever the sex (p < 0.01). Lower FM was observed for WB, UL, and LL when swimmers and judo fighters were compared to non-active young and older female peers (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The findings emphasized that BMD stimuli with swimming are reduced when compared to judo, and despite the stimuli in swimming is not distinguishable from that affecting BMD in WB, UL and LL of non-active young, it is effective in differing BMD in UL among non-active older for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo A Massini
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Nilson D de Souza Martins
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
- University Centre of São Paulo State, UNICEP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13500-200, Brazil
| | - Thiago P de Oliveira
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson G Macedo
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Eliane A Castro
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, 17033-360, Brazil
- LFE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiago A F Almeida
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Fernando J Santos
- School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, 2914-504, Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Mário C Espada
- School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, 2914-504, Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Dalton M Pessôa Filho
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil.
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, 17033-360, Brazil.
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Braun JM, Papandonatos GD, Li N, Sears CG, Buckley JP, Cecil KM, Chen A, Eaton CB, Kalkwarf HJ, Kelsey KT, Lanphear BP, Yolton K. Physical activity modifies the relation between gestational perfluorooctanoic acid exposure and adolescent cardiometabolic risk. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114021. [PMID: 35952751 PMCID: PMC9637371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) - endocrine disrupting chemicals - may increase cardiometabolic risk. We evaluated whether adolescent lifestyle factors modified associations between gestational PFAS exposure and cardiometabolic risk using a prospective cohort study. METHODS In 166 mother-child pairs (HOME Study), we measured concentrations of four PFAS in maternal serum collected during pregnancy. When children were age 12 years, we calculated cardiometabolic risk scores from visceral adiposity area, blood pressure, and fasting serum biomarkers. We assessed adolescent physical activity and Healthy Eating Index scores using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), actigraphy, and 24-h diet recalls. Using multivariable linear regression and weighted quantile sum regression, we examined whether physical activity or diet modified covariate-adjusted associations of PFAS and their mixture with cardiometabolic risk scores. RESULTS Physical activity modified associations between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and cardiometabolic risk scores. Each doubling of PFOA was associated with worse cardiometabolic risk scores among children with PAQ-C scores < median (β:1.4; 95% CI:0.5, 2.2, n = 82), but not among those with PAQ-C scores ≥ median (β: 0.2; 95% CI: 1.2, 0.7, n = 84) (interaction p-value = 0.01). Associations were most prominent for insulin resistance, leptin-adiponectin ratio, and visceral fat area. We observed results suggesting that physical activity modified the association of PFAS mixture with cardiometabolic risk scores, insulin resistance, and visceral fat area (interaction p-values = 0.17, 0.07, and 0.10, respectively); however, the 95% CIs of the interaction terms included the null value. We observed similar, but attenuated patterns for PFOA and actigraphy-based measures of physical activity. Diet did not modify any associations. Physical activity or diet did not modify associations for other PFAS. CONCLUSIONS Childhood physical activity modified associations of prenatal serum PFOA concentrations with children's cardiometabolic risk in this cohort, indicating that lifestyle interventions may ameliorate the adverse effects of PFOA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, Box G-S121, United States.
| | - George D Papandonatos
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, Box G-S121, United States
| | - Clara G Sears
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, Box G-S121, United States; Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Kent Memorial Hospital, Warwick, RI, United States
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, Box G-S121, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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9
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Etzel TM, Braun JM, Kuiper JR, Calafat AM, Cecil KM, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Yolton K, Kalkwarf HJ, Buckley JP. Gestational and childhood phthalate exposures and adolescent body composition: The HOME study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113320. [PMID: 35461845 PMCID: PMC9233110 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life phthalate exposures may disrupt metabolism but results from human studies are inconsistent and few have examined body composition during adolescence. We investigated associations of gestational and childhood urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations with body composition at age 12 years. METHODS We used data from 206 mother-child pairs in a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort enrolled in Cincinnati, OH from 2003 to 2006. We measured nine phthalate metabolites in spot urine samples collected twice from mothers during pregnancy and up to seven times from children at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 12 years. At age 12 years, we assessed fat and lean mass of the whole body and android and gynoid subregions, and visceral fat area with dual x-ray absorptiometry, and calculated android to gynoid %fat ratio and age- and sex-standardized fat and lean mass index z-scores. Using a multiple informant model, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations between urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations at each time period and outcomes at age 12 years. We assessed effect measure modification by child sex using stratified models. RESULTS Generally, urinary mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations were modestly associated with lower fat and lean mass. Each 10-fold increase in urinary MBzP concentrations during gestation and at ages 5 and 8 years was associated with a -0.34 (95%CI: -0.72, 0.05), -0.44 (95% CI: -0.83, -0.05), and -0.35 (95% CI: -0.71, 0.00) z-score difference in lean body mass index, respectively. Urinary monoethyl phthalate, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, and summed di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites were associated with greater lean mass at some exposure periods. Slightly weaker but similar patterns of association were found with other body composition measures; associations did not differ by child sex. CONCLUSION While most associations were weak, exposure to certain phthalates during gestation and childhood may be associated with adolescent body composition, particularly lean mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Etzel
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Brown University, 121 S. Main St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Jordan R Kuiper
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Aimin Chen
- University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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10
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Maeda SS, Peters BSE, Martini LA, Antunes HKM, Gonzalez MC, Arantes HP, Prado CM, Pinto CL, de Araújo IM, de Paula FJA, Borges JLC, Albergaria BH, Ushida M, de Souza GC, de Mendonça LMC, do Prado M, de Medeiros Pinheiro M. Official position of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (ABRASSO) on the evaluation of body composition by densitometry: part I (technical aspects)—general concepts, indications, acquisition, and analysis. Adv Rheumatol 2022; 62:7. [DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To review the technical aspects of body composition assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and other methods based on the most recent scientific evidence.
Materials and methods
This Official Position is a result of efforts by the Scientific Committee of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (Associação Brasileira de Avaliação Óssea e Osteometabolismo, ABRASSO) and health care professionals with expertise in body composition assessment who were invited to contribute to the preparation of this document. The authors searched current databases for relevant publications. In this first part of the Official Position, the authors discuss the different methods and parameters used for body composition assessment, general principles of DXA, and aspects of the acquisition and analysis of DXA scans.
Conclusion
Considering aspects of accuracy, precision, cost, duration, and ability to evaluate all three compartments, DXA is considered the gold-standard method for body composition assessment, particularly for the evaluation of fat mass. In order to ensure reliable, adequate, and reproducible DXA reports, great attention is required regarding quality control procedures, preparation, removal of external artifacts, imaging acquisition, and data analysis and interpretation.
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11
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Ranjan P, Vikram NK, Choranur A, Pradeep Y, Ahuja M, Puri M, Malhotra A, Kumari A, Chopra S, Batra A, Balsalkar G, Goswami D, Guleria K, Sarkar S, Kachhawa G, Verma A, Kumari MK, Madan J, Dabral A, Kamath S, Rathore AM, Kumar R, Venkataraman S, Kaloiya G, Bhatla N, Kumari SS, Baitha U, Prakash A, Tiwaskar M, Tewary K, Misra A, Guleria R. Executive summary of evidence and consensus-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for management of obesity and overweight in midlife women: An AIIMS-DST initiative. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102426. [PMID: 35248973 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Weight gain is an independent risk factor for decline in cardiometabolic and overall health-related quality of life in midlife women. The AIIMS-DST initiative aims to develop and validate stepwise recommendations specific for weight management in midlife women. METHODS The key clinical questions specific to weight management in midlife women were finalised with the help of a multidisciplinary team of experts in the guideline development group (GDG). Phase I included a systematic and/or narrative review to gather evidence, grading of evidence and expert opinion was sought to develop clinical practice recommendations for each clinical question. Phase II focused on validation of clinical practice recommendations using the peer-review, Delphi method and GRADE approach. RESULTS -The guidelines provide clinical practice points to address challenges encountered by midlife women in their attempts to manage obesity via lifestyle modification techniques. The initiation of discussion would help the healthcare provider to identify the weight management needs of the women, educate women on different modalities of weight management, and empower them to incorporate corrective lifestyle behaviours. Before initiating the management, a comprehensive assessment of clinical and lifestylerelated parameters should be completed. A personalised behavioural lifestyle modification program addressing the midlife specific barriers for optimal metabolic, musculoskeletal, and mental health should be planned. A consistent follow-up is required for maintenance of corrective eating and activity habits by addressing midlife specific barriers for sustenance of healthy weight. CONCLUSION These recommendations will be useful in opportunistic screening and management of obesity in midlife women across healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Naval K Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ambuja Choranur
- President, Indian Menopause Society, Former Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yashodhara Pradeep
- Era Medical College and University, Ex Prof. and Head Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, RML Institute of Medical Sciences, KGMU, Lucknow, Vice President Elect, FOGSI, Ex Vice President, IMS, India
| | - Maninder Ahuja
- President, Society of Meaningful Life Management, Associate Editor, Journal of Midlife Health, India
| | - Manju Puri
- Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LHMC and SSK Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Malhotra
- Food and Nutrition, Department of Home Science, Vice-principal, Lakshmibai College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sakshi Chopra
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Achla Batra
- President, Association of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists of Delhi (AOGD), Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Geetha Balsalkar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Seth G. S. Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepti Goswami
- Director Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Guleria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry and NDDTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Kachhawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Verma
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Jagmeet Madan
- National President, Indian Dietetic Association, India
| | - Anjali Dabral
- Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VMMC and safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandhya Kamath
- Ex-Professor of Medicine and Dean, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, and LT Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Asmita Muthal Rathore
- Director Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Raman Kumar
- President, Academy of Family Physicians of India, India
| | - Srikumar Venkataraman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurishankar Kaloiya
- Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Shantha Kumari
- President, The Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India, India
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupam Prakash
- Department of Medicine, LHMC and SSK Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Kamlesh Tewary
- President, Association of the Physicians of India, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Chairman, Fortis-C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Chairman, National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC) and President, Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Director, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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12
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Vikram N, Ranjan P, Choranur A, Pradeep Y, Ahuja M, Meeta M, Puri M, Malhotra A, Kumari A, Chopra S, Batra A, Balsalkar G, Goswami D, Guleria K, Sarkar S, Kachhawa G, Verma A, Kumari MK, Madan J, Dabral A, Kamath S, Rathore A, Kumar R, Venkataraman S, Kaloiya G, Bhatla N, Kumari SS, Baitha U, Prakash A, Tiwaskar M, Tewary K, Misra A, Guleria R. Executive summary of evidence and consensus-based clinical practice guidelines for management of obesity and overweight in midlife women: An AIIMS-DST initiative. J Midlife Health 2022; 13:34-49. [PMID: 35707299 PMCID: PMC9190956 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight gain is an independent risk factor for decline in cardiometabolic and overall health-related quality of life in midlife women. The AIIMS-DST initiative aims to develop and validate stepwise recommendations specific for weight management in midlife women. The key clinical questions specific to weight management in midlife women were finalized with the help of a multidisciplinary team of experts in the guideline development group. Phase I including a systematic and/or narrative review, grading of evidence, and expert opinion was sought to develop clinical practice recommendations for each clinical question. Phase II focused on validation of clinical practice recommendations using the peer-review, Delphi method, and GRADE approach. The guidelines provide clinical practice points to address challenges encountered by midlife women in their attempts to manage obesity via lifestyle modification techniques. The initiation of discussion would help the health-care provider to identify the weight management needs of the women, educate women on different modalities of weight management, and empower them to incorporate corrective lifestyle behaviors. Before initiating the management, a comprehensive assessment of clinical and lifestyle-related parameters should be completed. A personalized behavioral lifestyle modification program addressing the midlife-specific barriers for optimal metabolic, musculoskeletal, and mental health should be planned. A consistent follow-up is required for maintenance of corrective eating and activity habits by addressing midlife-specific barriers for sustenance of healthy weight. These recommendations will be useful in opportunistic screening and management of obesity in midlife women across health-care settings.
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13
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Blue MNM, Tinsley GM, Ryan ED, Smith-Ryan AE. Validity of Body-Composition Methods across Racial and Ethnic Populations. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1854-1862. [PMID: 33684215 PMCID: PMC8528114 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-compartment body-composition models that divide the body into its multiple constituents are the criterion method for measuring body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat-free mass. However, 2- and 3-compartment body-composition devices such as air displacement plethysmography (ADP), DXA, and bioelectrical impedance devices [bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)] are more commonly used. Accurate measures depend on several assumptions, including constant hydration, body proportion, fat-free body density, and population characteristics. Investigations evaluating body composition in racial and ethnic minorities have observed differences in the aforementioned components between cohorts. Consequently, for racial/ethnic minority populations, estimates of body composition may not be valid. The purpose of this review was to comprehensively examine the validity of common body-composition devices in multi-ethnic samples (samples including >1 race/ethnicity) and in African-American, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American populations. Based on the literature, DXA produces valid results in multi-ethnic samples and ADP is valid for Hispanic and African American males when utilizing race-specific equations. However, for DXA and ADP, there is a need for validity investigations that include larger, more racially diverse samples, specifically including Hispanic/Latinx, Asian, Native American adults, and African-American females. Technology has advanced significantly since initial validity studies were conducted; therefore, conclusions are based on outdated models and software. For BIA, body-composition measures may be valid in a multi-ethnic sample, but the literature demonstrates disparate results between races/ethnicities. For BIA and ADP, the majority of studies have utilized DXA or hydrostatic weighing as the criterion to determine validity; additional studies utilizing a multi-compartment model criterion are essential to evaluate accuracy. Validity studies evaluating more recent technology in larger, more racially/ethnically diverse samples may improve our ability to select the appropriate method to accurately assess body composition in each racial/ethnic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malia N M Blue
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point
University, High Point, NC,
USA
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Eric D Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of
North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
| | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of
North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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14
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Li N, Liu Y, Papandonatos GD, Calafat AM, Eaton CB, Kelsey KT, Cecil KM, Kalkwarf HJ, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A, Braun JM. Gestational and childhood exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and cardiometabolic risk at age 12 years. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106344. [PMID: 33418195 PMCID: PMC7856172 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may adversely influence cardiometabolic risk. However, few studies have examined if the timing of early life PFAS exposure modifies their relation to cardiometabolic risk. We examined the influence of gestational and childhood PFAS exposure on adolescents' cardiometabolic risk. METHODS We quantified concentrations of four PFAS (perfluorooctanoate [PFOA], perfluorooctane sulfonate [PFOS], perfluorononanoate [PFNA], and perfluorohexane sulfonate [PFHxS]) in sera collected during pregnancy, at birth, and at ages 3, 8, and 12 years from 221 mother-child pairs in the HOME Study (enrolled 2003-06, Cincinnati, Ohio). We measured cardiometabolic risk factors using physical examinations, fasting serum biomarkers, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at age 12 years. Cardiometabolic risk summary scores were calculated by summing age- and sex-standardized z-scores for individual cardiometabolic risk factors. We used multiple informant models to estimate covariate-adjusted associations of serum PFAS concentrations (log2-transformed) at each visit with cardiometabolic risk scores and their individual components, and tested for differences in associations across visits. RESULTS The associations of serum PFOA concentrations with cardiometabolic risk scores differed across visits (P for heterogeneity = 0.03). Gestational and cord serum PFOA concentrations were positively associated with cardiometabolic risk scores (βs and 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]: gestational 0.8 [0.0, 1.6]; cord 0.9 [-0.1, 1.9] per interquartile range increase). These positive associations were primarily driven by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index (β = 0.3 [0.1, 0.5]) and adiponectin to leptin ratio (β = -0.5 [-1.0, 0.0]). Other individual cardiometabolic risk factors associated with gestational PFOA included insulin and waist circumference. Gestational and cord PFHxS were also associated with higher cardiometabolic risk scores (βs: gestational 0.9 [0.2, 1.6]; cord 0.9 [0.1, 1.7]). CONCLUSION In this cohort of children with higher gestational PFOA exposure, fetal exposure to PFOA and PFHxS was associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic risk in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
| | - George D Papandonatos
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States; Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States; Kent Memorial Hospital, Warwick, Rhode Island, United States.
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
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15
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Cho CH, Grosse-Siestrup C, Nadobny J, Lojewski C, Niehus SM, Taupitz M, Hamm B, Schlattmann P. Temperatures in Pigs During 3 T MRI Temperatures, Heart Rates, and Breathing Rates of Pigs During RF Power Deposition in a 3 T (128 MHz) Body Coil. Bioelectromagnetics 2020; 42:37-50. [PMID: 33341973 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to radiofrequency (RF) power deposition during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) induces elevated body-tissue temperatures and may cause changes in heart and breathing rates, disturbing thermoregulation. Eleven temperature sensors were placed in muscle tissue and one sensor in the rectum (measured in 10 cm depth) of 20 free-breathing anesthetized pigs to verify temperature curves during RF exposure. Tissue temperatures and heart and breathing rates were measured before, during, and after RF exposure. Pigs were placed into a 60-cm diameter whole-body resonator of a 3 T MRI system. Nineteen anesthetized pigs were divided into four RF exposure groups: sham (0 W/kg), low-exposure (2.7 W/kg, mean exposure time 56 min), moderate-exposure (4.8 W/kg, mean exposure time 31 min), and high-exposure (4.4 W/kg, mean exposure time 61 min). One pig was exposed to a whole-body specific absorption rate (wbSAR) of 11.4 W/kg (extreme-exposure). Hotspot temperatures, measured by sensor 2, increased by mean 5.0 ± 0.9°C, min 3.9; max 6.3 (low), 7.0 ± 2.3°C, min 4.6; max 9.9 (moderate), and 9.2 ± 4.4°C, min 6.1, max 17.9 (high) compared with 0.3 ± 0.3°C in the sham-exposure group (min 0.1, max 0.6). Four time-temperature curves were identified: sinusoidal, parabolic, plateau, and linear. These curve shapes did not correlate with RF intensity, rectal temperature, breathing rate, or heart rate. In all pigs, rectal temperatures increased (2.1 ± 0.9°C) during and even after RF exposure, while hotspot temperatures decreased after exposure. When rectal temperature increased by 1°C, hotspot temperature increased up to 42.8°C within 37 min (low-exposure) or up to 43.8°C within 24 min (high-exposure). Global wbSAR did not correlate with maximum hotspot. Bioelectromagnetics. 2021;42:37-50. © 2020 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie-Hee Cho
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Clinic Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jacek Nadobny
- Clinic for Radio-Oncology and Radiation Therapy-Hyperthermia, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Lojewski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Section, Klinik für Anästhesiologie mit Schwerpunkt operative Intensivmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Taupitz
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Programming and Data Science, University Clinic Jena, Jena, Germany
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16
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Collins J, Maughan RJ, Gleeson M, Bilsborough J, Jeukendrup A, Morton JP, Phillips SM, Armstrong L, Burke LM, Close GL, Duffield R, Larson-Meyer E, Louis J, Medina D, Meyer F, Rollo I, Sundgot-Borgen J, Wall BT, Boullosa B, Dupont G, Lizarraga A, Res P, Bizzini M, Castagna C, Cowie CM, D'Hooghe M, Geyer H, Meyer T, Papadimitriou N, Vouillamoz M, McCall A. UEFA expert group statement on nutrition in elite football. Current evidence to inform practical recommendations and guide future research. Br J Sports Med 2020; 55:416. [PMID: 33097528 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Football is a global game which is constantly evolving, showing substantial increases in physical and technical demands. Nutrition plays a valuable integrated role in optimising performance of elite players during training and match-play, and maintaining their overall health throughout the season. An evidence-based approach to nutrition emphasising, a 'food first' philosophy (ie, food over supplements), is fundamental to ensure effective player support. This requires relevant scientific evidence to be applied according to the constraints of what is practical and feasible in the football setting. The science underpinning sports nutrition is evolving fast, and practitioners must be alert to new developments. In response to these developments, the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) has gathered experts in applied sports nutrition research as well as practitioners working with elite football clubs and national associations/federations to issue an expert statement on a range of topics relevant to elite football nutrition: (1) match day nutrition, (2) training day nutrition, (3) body composition, (4) stressful environments and travel, (5) cultural diversity and dietary considerations, (6) dietary supplements, (7) rehabilitation, (8) referees and (9) junior high-level players. The expert group provide a narrative synthesis of the scientific background relating to these topics based on their knowledge and experience of the scientific research literature, as well as practical experience of applying knowledge within an elite sports setting. Our intention is to provide readers with content to help drive their own practical recommendations. In addition, to provide guidance to applied researchers where to focus future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Collins
- Intra Performance Group, London, UK.,Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Gleeson
- School of Sports Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Johann Bilsborough
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,New England Patriots, Foxboro, MA, USA
| | - Asker Jeukendrup
- School of Sports Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,MySport Science, Birmingham, UK
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - S M Phillips
- Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence Armstrong
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Louise M Burke
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rob Duffield
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Medical Department, Football Federation Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Enette Larson-Meyer
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Julien Louis
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel Medina
- Athlete Care and Performance, Monumental Sports & Entertainment, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Flavia Meyer
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ian Rollo
- School of Sports Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,PepsiCo Life Sciences, Global R&D, Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Benjamin T Wall
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Gregory Dupont
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Peter Res
- Dutch Olympic Team, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mario Bizzini
- Research and Human Performance Lab, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Castagna
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Technical Department, Italian Football Federation (FIGC), Florence, Italy.,Italian Football Referees Association, Bologna, Italy
| | - Charlotte M Cowie
- Technical Directorate, Football Association, Burton upon Trent, UK.,Medical Committee, UEFA, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Michel D'Hooghe
- Medical Committee, UEFA, Nyon, Switzerland.,Medical Centre of Excelence, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Geyer
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Meyer
- Medical Committee, UEFA, Nyon, Switzerland.,Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Alan McCall
- Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK .,Medical Department, Football Federation Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Ceccarelli G, Bellato M, Zago M, Cusella G, Sforza C, Lovecchio N. BMI and inverted BMI as predictors of fat mass in young people: a comparison across the ages. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:237-243. [PMID: 32183542 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2020.1738551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: The use of body mass index (BMI) could lead to over/under estimation of fat mass percentage (FM%). An alternative index (inverted BMI, iBMI) has been proposed as a better estimator of FM% in adults, while its practical feasibility in children and adolescents has not been fully investigated.Aim: To examine if iBMI can better estimate FM% than BMI in children/adolescents.Subjects and methods: Height, weight, and triceps and subscapularis skinfolds were measured in 6686 schoolchildren aged 11-14-years-old. BMI and iBMI (squared height/weight) were calculated; FM% was estimated by skinfold thicknesses. The Pearson correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination were obtained to test the best regression model between the indexes and FM%.Results: FM% was linearly related to both indexes with R2 values that were overall > 0.7. No significant differences among the R2 values were found (p value = .2, ANOVA).Conclusion: BMI persists as a robust index for health surveillance screening in children/adolescents, being very intuitive and ready-to-use. Inverted BMI may be more accurate within a cohort of adults who experience only ponderal modifications, directly implicated in the variation of FM. In conclusion, the BMI remains a quick, handy and intuitive predictor of FM%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, Center for Health Technologies (C.H.T.)-Human Anatomy Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Bellato
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Mathematical Modelling and Synthetic Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Zago
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cusella
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, Center for Health Technologies (C.H.T.)-Human Anatomy Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic, Sport Sciences Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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18
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Brehm B, Summer S, Jenkins T, D'Alessio D, Inge T. Thermic effect of food and resting energy expenditure after sleeve gastrectomy for weight loss in adolescent females. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:599-606. [PMID: 32146085 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have addressed the effect of bariatric surgery on factors related to energy balance, including resting energy expenditure (REE) and thermic effect of food (TEF). To our knowledge, very few studies have examined changes in REE and none have investigated modifications in TEF after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) performed in adolescents. OBJECTIVE To assess energy expenditure in females who underwent SG as adolescents and matched-control participants as preliminary data about the potential of SG to confer differences in postprandial energy expenditure. SETTING Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. METHODS In this observational study, REE and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured via indirect calorimetry, followed by a standardized meal and assessment of TEF and postprandial RQ. Plasma drawn before and every 15 minutes after the meal was assayed for insulin, glucose, and C-peptide. Usual dietary intake was estimated using 24-hour recall interviews. RESULTS Fasting REE and RQ were similar between surgical and control groups. Postmeal TEF also did not differ between groups. The surgical group had higher RQ early in the postprandial period, whereas the control group RQ was higher after 125 minutes post meal. Compared with the control group, the surgical group had lower postprandial glucose, higher insulin and C-peptide, and consumed less daily energy during usual intake. CONCLUSIONS Postprandial RQ was consistent with the rapid gastric emptying typical of SG, yet we observed no group differences in REE or TEF. These findings may have been due to limited statistical power. More comprehensive studies of EE after SG are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Brehm
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Suzanne Summer
- Schubert Research Clinic, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Todd Jenkins
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David D'Alessio
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Inge
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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19
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Turner-McGrievy G, Wilcox S, Frongillo EA, Murphy A, Hutto B, Williams K, Crimarco A, Wilson M, Davey M. The Nutritious Eating with Soul (NEW Soul) Study: Study design and methods of a two-year randomized trial comparing culturally adapted soul food vegan vs. omnivorous diets among African American adults at risk for heart disease. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 88:105897. [PMID: 31743793 PMCID: PMC6952545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.105897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has found that African American (AA) vegetarians/vegans have a significantly lower body mass index and risk of hypertension compared to omnivores. OBJECTIVES The Nutritious Eating with Soul (NEW Soul) study partnered with local soul food restaurants/chefs to deliver two behavioral nutrition interventions to AA adults. NEW Soul examines the impact of two different culturally tailored diets (vegan and omnivorous low-fat) on changes in risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AA adults with overweight or obesity are recruited from the community in the Midlands of South Carolina. Eligible participants are randomized to follow one of two different culturally-adapted, soul food diets: a vegan diet emphasizing minimally-processed whole foods from plants or a low-fat omnivorous diet. Participants attend weekly group classes for the first six months, bi-weekly for the next six months, and monthly meetings for the last year. In addition to face-to-face content, participants also have access to private Facebook groups for their diet, podcasts, and online newsletters starting at six months. Primary outcomes include changes in body weight and CVD risk factors (lipids, blood pressure, glucose, and insulin) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include changes in dietary intake. Participants complete assessments at baseline and at months 6, 12, and 24. CONCLUSIONS The NEW Soul study is an innovative intervention aimed at improving dietary intake while maintaining traditional AA cultural food choices. Primary outcomes are expected by 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Angela Murphy
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Brent Hutto
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kim Williams
- Rush University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, 1725 W. Harrison St., Suite 1159, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Anthony Crimarco
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mary Wilson
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Marty Davey
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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20
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Carrasco F, Basfi-Fer K, Rojas P, Csendes A, Papapietro K, Codoceo J, Inostroza J, Krebs NF, Westcott JL, Miller LV, Ruz M. Calcium absorption may be affected after either sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in premenopausal women: a 2-y prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:24-32. [PMID: 29878034 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is known to reduce calcium absorption (CA), the effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and its long-term implications on CA have not yet been studied. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in CA and its relation with modifications of bone mineral density (BMD), intakes of calcium and vitamin D, vitamin D status, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations ≤24 mo after SG and RYGBP, respectively. Design Twenty-six premenopausal women undergoing SG [mean ± SD body mass index (BMI; kg/m2): 37.3 ± 3.2; age: 34.2 ± 10.2 y] and 32 undergoing RYGBP (BMI: 42.0 ± 4.2; age: 37.3 ± 8.1 y) were studied at baseline (presurgery) and followed up at 12 and 24 mo after surgery. BMD, bone alkaline phosphatase activity, and serum PTH, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus concentrations were determined. Food and supplement intakes were recorded. CA was measured by using a dual stable isotope method. Results In premenopausal women, CA was significantly reduced from 36.5% ± 2.0% preoperatively to 21.0% ± 2.3% and 18.8% ± 3.4% at 12 and 24 mo post-SG surgery, respectively. CA also decreased significantly from 41.5% ± 2.8% preoperatively to 27.9% ± 3.8% and 18.5% ± 2.2% 12 and 24 mo after RYGBP, respectively. No difference was found between type of surgery (time × group interaction, P = 0.60). Considering both groups combined, 56.6% of the variance in CA at the 12-mo but not at the 24-mo follow-up was explained by serum PTH and 25(OH)D concentrations, together with vitamin D and calcium intakes. Conclusions CA was similarly reduced in both SG and RYGBP compared with baseline, and it was not associated with changes in BMD or body weight loss. This reduction in CA could be explained only partially by calcium intake increase. This trial is registered at http://www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN31937503.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carrasco
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Basfi-Fer
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Rojas
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Attila Csendes
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karin Papapietro
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juana Codoceo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Inostroza
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Jamie L Westcott
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Leland V Miller
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Manuel Ruz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Influence of subject presentation on interpretation of body composition change after 6 months of self-selected training and diet in athletic males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:1273-1286. [PMID: 29633017 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High precision body composition assessment methods accurately monitor physique traits in athletes. The acute impact of subject presentation (ad libitum food and fluid intake plus physical activity) on body composition estimation using field and laboratory methods has been quantified, but the impact on interpretation of longitudinal change is unknown. This study evaluated the impact of athlete presentation (standardised versus non-standardised) on interpretation of change in physique traits over time. Thirty athletic males (31.2 ± 7.5 years; 182.2 ± 6.5 cm; 91.7 ± 10.3 kg; 27.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2) underwent two testing sessions on 1 day including surface anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and air displacement plethysmography (via the BOD POD), with combinations of these used to establish three-compartment (3C) and four-compartment (4C) models. METHODS Tests were conducted after an overnight fast (BASEam) and ~ 7 h later after ad libitum food/fluid and physical activity (BASEpm). This procedure was repeated 6 months later (POSTam and POSTpm). Magnitude of changes in the mean was assessed by standardisation. RESULTS After 6 months of self-selected training and diet, standardised presentation testing (BASEam to POSTam) identified trivial changes from the smallest worthwhile effect (SWE) in fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) for all methods except for BIS (FM) where there was a large change (7.2%) from the SWE. Non-standardised follow-up testing (BASEam to POSTpm) showed trivial changes from the SWE except for small changes in FFM (BOD POD) of 1.1%, and in FM (3C and 4C models) of 6.4 and 3.5%. Large changes from the SWE were found in FFM (BIS, 3C and 4C models) of 2.2, 1.8 and 1.8% and in FM (BIS) of 6.4%. Non-standardised presentation testing (BASEpm to POSTpm) identified trivial changes from the SWE in FFM except for BIS which was small (1.1%). A moderate change from the SWE was found for BOD POD (3.3%) and large for BIS (9.4%) in FM estimations. CONCLUSIONS Changes in body composition utilising non-standardised presentation were more substantial and often in the opposite direction to those identified using standardised presentation, causing misinterpretation of change in physique traits. Standardised presentation prior to body composition assessment for athletic populations should be advocated to enhance interpretation of true change.
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22
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Accuracy of Anthropometric Equations for Estimating Body Fat in Professional Male Soccer Players Compared with DXA. JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6843792. [PMID: 29736402 PMCID: PMC5872598 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6843792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background There are several published anthropometric equations to estimate body fat percentage (BF%), and this may prompt uncertainty about their application. Purpose To analyze the accuracy of several anthropometric equations (developed in athletic [AT] and nonathletic [NAT] populations) that estimate BF% comparing them with DXA. Methods We evaluated 131 professional male soccer players (body mass: 73.2 ± 8.0 kg; height: 177.5 ± 5.8 cm; DXA BF% [median, 25th–75th percentile]: 14.0, 11.9–16.4%) aged 18 to 37 years. All subjects were evaluated with anthropometric measurements and a whole body DXA scan. BF% was estimated through 14 AT and 17 NAT anthropometric equations and compared with the measured DXA BF%. Mean differences and 95% limits of agreement were calculated for those anthropometric equations without significant differences with DXA. Results Five AT and seven NAT anthropometric equations did not differ significantly with DXA. From these, Oliver's and Civar's (AT) and Ball's and Wilmore's (NAT) equations showed the highest agreement with DXA. Their 95% limits of agreement ranged from −3.9 to 2.3%, −4.8 to 1.8%, −3.4 to 3.1%, and −3.9 to 3.0%, respectively. Conclusion Oliver's, Ball's, Civar's, and Wilmore's equations were the best to estimate BF% accurately compared with DXA in professional male soccer players.
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23
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Muscle strength and regional lean body mass influence on mineral bone health in young male adults. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191769. [PMID: 29370260 PMCID: PMC5784976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between muscle strength and bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) is supposed from the assumption of the mechanical stress influence on bone tissue metabolism. However, the direct relationship is not well established in younger men, since the enhancement of force able to produce effective changes in bone health, still needs to be further studied. This study aimed to analyze the influence of muscle strength on BMC and BMD in undergraduate students. Thirty six men (24.9 ± 8.6 y/o) were evaluated for regional and whole-body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). One repetition maximum tests (1RM) were assessed on flat bench-press (BP), lat-pull down (LPD), leg-curl (LC), knee extension (KE), and leg-press 45° (LP45) exercises. Linear regression modelled the relationships of BMD and BMC to the regional body composition and 1RM values. Measurements of dispersion and error (R2adj and standard error of estimate (SEE)) were tested, setting ρ at ≤0.05. The BMD mean value for whole-body was 1.12±0.09 g/cm2 and BMC attained 2477.9 ± 379.2 g. The regional lean mass (LM) in upper-limbs (UL) (= 6.80±1.21 kg) was related to BMC and BMD for UL (R2adj = 0.74, p<0.01, SEE = 31.0 g and R2adj = 0.63, SEE = 0.08 g/cm2), and LM in lower-limbs (LL) (= 19.13±2.50 kg) related to BMC and BMD for LL (R2adj = 0.68, p<0,01, SEE = 99.3 g and R2adj = 0.50, SEE = 0.20 g/cm2). The 1RM in BP was related to BMD (R2adj = 0.51, SEE = 0.09 g/cm2), which was the strongest relationship among values of 1RM for men; but, 1RM on LPD was related to BMC (R2adj = 0.47, p<0.01, SEE = 44.6 g), and LC was related to both BMC (R2adj = 0.36, p<0.01, SEE = 142.0 g) and BMD (R2adj = 0.29, p<0.01, SEE = 0.23 g/cm2). Hence, 1RM for multi-joint exercises is relevant to BMC and BMD in young men, strengthening the relationship between force and LM, and suggesting both to parametrizes bone mineral health.
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24
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Straub RH, Ehrenstein B, Günther F, Rauch L, Trendafilova N, Boschiero D, Grifka J, Fleck M. Increased extracellular water measured by bioimpedance and by increased serum levels of atrial natriuretic peptide in RA patients-signs of volume overload. Clin Rheumatol 2016; 36:1041-1051. [PMID: 27112146 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate water compartments in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Acute inflammatory episodes such as infection stimulate water retention, chiefly implemented by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This is an important compensatory mechanism due to expected water loss (sweating etc.). Since SNS and HPA axis are activated in RA, inflammation might be accompanied by water retention. Using bioimpedance analysis, body composition was investigated in 429 controls and 156 treatment-naïve RA patients between January 2008 and December 2014. A group of 34 RA patients was tested before and after 10 days of intensified therapy. Levels of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (proANP) and expression of atrial natriuretic peptide in synovial tissue were investigated in 15 controls and 14 RA patients. Extracellular water was higher in RA patients than controls (mean ± SEM: 49.5 ± 0.3 vs. 36.7 ± 0.1, % of total body water, p < 0.0001). Plasma levels of proANP were higher in RA than controls. RA patients expressed ANP in synovial tissue, but synovial fluid levels and synovial tissue superfusate levels were much lower than plasma levels indicating systemic origin. Systolic/diastolic blood pressure was higher in RA patients than controls. Extracellular water levels did not change in RA patients despite 10 days of intensified treatment. This study demonstrates signs of intravascular overload in RA patients. Short-term intensification of anti-inflammatory therapy induced no change of a longer-lasting imprinting of water retention indicating the requirement of additional treatment. The study can direct attention to the area of volume overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Boris Ehrenstein
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Asklepios Medical Center Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Florian Günther
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Asklepios Medical Center Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Luise Rauch
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nadezhda Trendafilova
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Grifka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Fleck
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Asklepios Medical Center Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany
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25
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Melvin MN, Smith-Ryan AE, Wingfield HL, Ryan ED, Trexler ET, Roelofs EJ. Muscle characteristics and body composition of NCAA division I football players. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 28:3320-9. [PMID: 25187245 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine muscle characteristics of the vastus lateralis (VL) and body composition of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I football players. Sixty-nine Division I football players (mean ± SD; age: 20.0 ± 1.1 years; height: 186.2 ± 7.0 cm; body mass: 106.3 ± 21.1 kg; %fat: 17.8 ± 4.6%) were stratified by player position, race, year, and starter status. A panoramic scan of the VL was performed using a GE Logiq-e B-mode ultrasound. Muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) and echo intensity (EI) were determined using Image-J software from the VL scan. Body composition measures were determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). For mCSA, defensive linemen (DL: 46.7 ± 4.2 cm) had significantly greater CSA (p ≤ 0.05) than wide receivers (WR), linebackers (LB), defensive backs (DB), punters/kickers (PK), and running backs (RB). There were no significant differences for EI (p > 0.05) between positions. Offensive linemen and DL had significantly greater %fat than WR, LB, DB, PK, and RB (p ≤ 0.05); greater lean mass than all other positions (p ≤ 0.05); and more fat mass than quarterbacks, WR, LB, DB, PK, and RB (p ≤ 0.05). There were no muscle or body composition differences for race, year, or starter status. Because no differences between positions were observed for EI measures, it may indicate that competitive athletes have increased muscle quality regardless of body composition differences. Ultrasound and DXA measures may be useful to identify muscle characteristics and imbalances if a player gains or loses weight, suffers an injury, or declines in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malia N Melvin
- 1Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and 2Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,North Carolina
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26
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Seabolt LA, Welch EB, Silver HJ. Imaging methods for analyzing body composition in human obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1353:41-59. [PMID: 26250623 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the technological qualities of imaging modalities for assessing human body composition have been stimulated by accumulating evidence that individual components of body composition have significant influences on chronic disease onset, disease progression, treatment response, and health outcomes. Importantly, imaging modalities have provided a systematic method for differentiating phenotypes of body composition that diverge from what is considered normal, that is, having low bone mass (osteopenia/osteoporosis), low muscle mass (sarcopenia), high fat mass (obesity), or high fat with low muscle mass (sarcopenic obesity). Moreover, advances over the past three decades in the sensitivity and quality of imaging not just to discern the amount and distribution of adipose and lean tissue but also to differentiate layers or depots within tissues and cells is enhancing our understanding of distinct mechanistic, metabolic, and functional roles of body composition within human phenotypes. In this review, we focus on advances in imaging technologies that show great promise for future investigation of human body composition and how they are being used to address the pandemic of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn A Seabolt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - E Brian Welch
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Heidi J Silver
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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27
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Scholz AM, Bünger L, Kongsro J, Baulain U, Mitchell AD. Non-invasive methods for the determination of body and carcass composition in livestock: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound: invited review. Animal 2015; 9:1250-64. [PMID: 25743562 PMCID: PMC4492221 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to accurately measure body or carcass composition is important for performance testing, grading and finally selection or payment of meat-producing animals. Advances especially in non-invasive techniques are mainly based on the development of electronic and computer-driven methods in order to provide objective phenotypic data. The preference for a specific technique depends on the target animal species or carcass, combined with technical and practical aspects such as accuracy, reliability, cost, portability, speed, ease of use, safety and for in vivo measurements the need for fixation or sedation. The techniques rely on specific device-driven signals, which interact with tissues in the body or carcass at the atomic or molecular level, resulting in secondary or attenuated signals detected by the instruments and analyzed quantitatively. The electromagnetic signal produced by the instrument may originate from mechanical energy such as sound waves (ultrasound - US), 'photon' radiation (X-ray-computed tomography - CT, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - DXA) or radio frequency waves (magnetic resonance imaging - MRI). The signals detected by the corresponding instruments are processed to measure, for example, tissue depths, areas, volumes or distributions of fat, muscle (water, protein) and partly bone or bone mineral. Among the above techniques, CT is the most accurate one followed by MRI and DXA, whereas US can be used for all sizes of farm animal species even under field conditions. CT, MRI and US can provide volume data, whereas only DXA delivers immediate whole-body composition results without (2D) image manipulation. A combination of simple US and more expensive CT, MRI or DXA might be applied for farm animal selection programs in a stepwise approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Scholz
- Livestock Center Oberschleißheim,
Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich,
Sankt-Hubertusstrasse 12, 85764
Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - L. Bünger
- SRUC, Animal and Veterinary Sciences,
Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush,
Midlothian, Scotland EH25 9RG,
UK
| | - J. Kongsro
- Norsvin, Department of Animal and Aquacultural
Sciences, c/o Norwegian University of Life Sciences,
PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås,
Norway
| | - U. Baulain
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics,
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Hoeltystr.10,
31535 Neustadt, Germany
| | - A. D. Mitchell
- Agricultural Research Service (Retired), US Department of
Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC-West,
Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Harrop BJ, Woodruff SJ. Effects of acute and 2-hour postphysical activity on the estimation of body fat made by the bod pod. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:1527-33. [PMID: 25756324 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Bod Pod has been found to be reliable/valid against several criterion methods, including hydrostatic weighing and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and under different conditions, such as clothing, dehydrated states, and body temperature changes. However, questions remain regarding the effects of an acute bout of exercise. Therefore, the purpose was to determine the effects of an acute bout of exercise on the estimations made by the Bod Pod. Participants (15 men and 22 women) were of age 18-27 years and were currently exercising. Baseline Bod Pod measures were completed followed by a 30-minute cycling trial at 75% of maximum heart rate. Bod Pod measures were taken immediately after exercise and 2 hours after exercise. Differences between men and women were found at baseline between height (p < 0.001), weight (p < 0.001), body volume (BV; p < 0.001), and body density (Db; p < 0.001). Among men, body mass (p < 0.001), body fat percentage (%BF; p < 0.001), and BV (p < 0.001) decreased, whereas Db (p < 0.001) and body temperature (p < 0.001) increased directly after exercise; body mass (p < 0.001) and BV (p < 0.001) remained lower after 2 hours. Among women, body mass (p < 0.001) and BV (p < 0.001) decreased, whereas thoracic gas volume (p = 0.014) and temperature (p < 0.001) increased directly after exercise; body mass (p < 0.001) and BV (p < 0.001) remained lower, whereas %BF (p < 0.001) and Db (p = 0.006) remained higher 2 hours after exercise. These results suggest that a single bout of exercise immediately before Bod Pod testing seems to alter the estimate of %BF, and continues to affect the prediction 2 hours after exercise in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Harrop
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Bernau M, Kremer PV, Lauterbach E, Tholen E, Petersen B, Pappenberger E, Scholz AM. Evaluation of carcass composition of intact boars using linear measurements from performance testing, dissection, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Meat Sci 2015; 104:58-66. [PMID: 25710408 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate non-invasive imaging methods to update the used regression equation for stationary tested boars. A total of 94 boars were examined. 20 boars were dissected to provide the reference LMP. Performance data (PD) from right carcasses were available from all groups. The left carcasses were studied by MRI & DXA. Based on the reference LMP and the MRI & DXA data, regression equations for LMP were developed. The estimates for LMP based on MRI & DXA data were used to calculate new regression equations for entire male carcass halves based on linear PD. Further 33 PD sets served as independent sample, which was included in a Monte Carlo simulation for imputing the missing reference LMPs (n=74) and discussing the accuracy of the results. The LMP regression equation based on the combined MRI & DXA data is as accurate as the former regression equation, but needs only three instead of seven variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bernau
- Livestock Center Oberschleissheim of the Veterinary Faculty of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
| | - P V Kremer
- Livestock Center Oberschleissheim of the Veterinary Faculty of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Germany
| | - E Lauterbach
- Livestock Center Oberschleissheim of the Veterinary Faculty of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - E Tholen
- Institute for Animal Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Germany
| | - B Petersen
- Institute for Animal Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Germany
| | - E Pappenberger
- Livestock Center Oberschleissheim of the Veterinary Faculty of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - A M Scholz
- Livestock Center Oberschleissheim of the Veterinary Faculty of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
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Toni S, Morandi R, Busacchi M, Tardini L, Merlini L, Battistini NC, Pellegrini M. Nutritional status evaluation in patients affected by bethlem myopathy and ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:315. [PMID: 25477818 PMCID: PMC4235079 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen VI mutations lead to disabling myopathies like Bethlem myopathy (BM) and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD). We have investigated the nutritional and metabolic status of one UCMD and seven BM patients (five female, three male, mean age 31 ± 9 years) in order to find a potential metabolic target for nutritional intervention. For this study, we used standard anthropometric tools, such as BMI evaluation and body circumference measurements. All results were compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), considered the “gold standard” method. Energy intake of each patient was evaluated through longitudinal methods (7-day food diary) while resting energy expenditure (REE) was predicted using specific equations and measured by indirect calorimetry. Clinical evaluation included general and nutritional blood and urine laboratory analyses and quantitative muscle strength measurement by hand-held dynamometry. BM and UCMD patients showed an altered body composition, characterized by low free fat mass (FFM) and high fat mass (FM), allowing us to classify them as sarcopenic, and all but one as sarcopenic-obese. Another main result was the negative correlation between REE/FFM ratio (basal energy expenditure per kilograms of fat-free mass) and the severity of the disease, as defined by the muscle megascore (correlation coefficient −0.955, P-value <0.001). We postulate that the increase of the REE/FFM ratio in relation to the severity of the disease may be due to an altered and pathophysiological loss of energetic efficiency at the expense of skeletal muscle. We show that a specific metabolic disequilibrium is related to the severity of the disease, which may represent a target for a nutritional intervention in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Toni
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Lifestyle, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine , Modena , Italy
| | - Riccardo Morandi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Lifestyle, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine , Modena , Italy
| | - Marcello Busacchi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Lifestyle, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine , Modena , Italy
| | - Lucia Tardini
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Lifestyle, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine , Modena , Italy
| | - Luciano Merlini
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Nino Carlo Battistini
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Lifestyle, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine , Modena , Italy
| | - Massimo Pellegrini
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Lifestyle, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine , Modena , Italy
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Rönn M, Lind L, Örberg J, Kullberg J, Söderberg S, Larsson A, Johansson L, Ahlström H, Lind PM. Bisphenol A is related to circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin, but not to fat mass or fat distribution in humans. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 112:42-48. [PMID: 25048886 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to induce obesity in experimental studies, we explored the associations between BPA and fat mass, fat distribution and circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin in humans. METHODS In the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS), fat mass and fat distribution were determined in 70-year-old men and women (n=890) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n=287). Serum levels of BPA were analyzed using isotope liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometer (API4000LC-MS/MS). Hormone levels were analyzed with radioimmunoassays (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Imaging was performed approximately two years following collection of other data. RESULTS Serum concentrations of BPA were not related to adipose tissue measurements by DXA or MRI. BPA associated positively with adiponectin and leptin, but negatively with ghrelin, following adjustments for sex, height, fat mass, lean mass, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, energy intake, and educational levels (p<0.001, p=0.009, p<0.001, respectively). The relationship between BPA and ghrelin was stronger in women than in men. CONCLUSION Although no relationships between BPA levels and measures of fat mass were seen, BPA associated strongly with the adipokines adiponectin and leptin and with the gut-hormone ghrelin suggesting that BPA may interfere with hormonal control of hunger and satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rönn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Örberg
- Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Radiology, Oncology, and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Johansson
- Department of Radiology, Oncology, and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Radiology, Oncology, and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Maggio M, De Vita F, Lauretani F, Ceda GP, Volpi E, Giallauria F, De Cicco G, Cattabiani C, Melhus H, Michaëlsson K, Cederholm T, Lind L. Vitamin D and endothelial vasodilation in older individuals: data from the PIVUS study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:3382-9. [PMID: 24892991 PMCID: PMC4154089 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vitamin D plays a role in a wide range of extraskeletal processes, including vascular function. Endothelial dysfunction is a predictor of cardiovascular disease, especially in older subjects. However, the relationship between vitamin D levels and indexes of endothelial vasodilation has never been fully addressed in older individuals. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the association between vitamin D and endothelial function in a large community-based sample of older subjects. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 852 community-dwelling men and women aged 70 years from the Prospective Study of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS), with complete data on vascular function and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. We evaluated endothelium-dependent vasodilation by an invasive forearm technique with acetylcholine, endothelium-independent vasodilation by sodium nitroprussiate, flow-mediated vasodilation, and the pulse wave analysis (reflectance index). Vitamin D levels were measured by chemiluminescence. We used multivariate regression models adjusted for body mass index (model 1) and for multiple confounders (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, smoking, sex hormones, season of blood collection, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular medications and diseases, statin usage, plasma calcium and calcium intake, PTH, physical exercise, liver and kidney function tests, albumin; model 2). RESULTS In women, but not in men, vitamin D levels were positively associated with endothelium-independent vasodilation in both model 1 (β ± SE = 1.41 ± 0.54; P = .001), and model 2 (β ± SE = 2.01 ± 0.68; P = .003).We found no significant relationship between vitamin D levels and endothelium-dependent vasodilation, flow-mediated vasodilation, and reflectance index in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS In older women, but not in men, vitamin D is positively and independently associated with EIDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maggio
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department (M.M., F.D.V., F.L., G.P.C.), University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (M.M., G.P.C.), Section of Geriatrics, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine (E.V.), Division of Geriatrics, and Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555-0264; Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Sciences (F.G.), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy; Cardiac Surgery Unit (G.D.C.), Community Hospital of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Azienda USL Piacenza (C.C.), 23121 Piacenza, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences (H.M.), Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences (K.M.), Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicine (T.C.), Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences (L.L.), Section of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Hong DS, Hui D, Bruera E, Janku F, Naing A, Falchook GS, Piha-Paul S, Wheler JJ, Fu S, Tsimberidou AM, Stecher M, Mohanty P, Simard J, Kurzrock R. MABp1, a first-in-class true human antibody targeting interleukin-1α in refractory cancers: an open-label, phase 1 dose-escalation and expansion study. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15:656-66. [PMID: 24746841 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(14)70155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is an important feature of the malignant phenotype and promotes angiogenesis, tumour invasiveness, metastases, and cachexia. We used a first-in-class, monoclonal antibody (MABp1) cloned from a human being to target interleukin-1α, a mediator of chronic inflammation. We aimed to assess the safety and tolerability of MABp1 for interleukin-1α blockade in a refractory cancer population. METHODS We did an open-label, dose-escalation, and phase 1 study of MABp1 in adults with metastatic cancer at the MD Anderson Clinical Center for Targeted Therapy (Houston, TX, USA). We used a standard 3+3 design to identify the maximum tolerated dose. Patients received MABp1 intravenously once every 3 weeks through four dose levels: 0.25 mg/kg, 0.75 mg/kg, 1.25 mg/kg, and 3.75 mg/kg. After the dose-escalation phase, a second dosing arm was started with dosing every 2 weeks at the maximum tolerated dose. The primary objectives were safety, tolerability, characterisation of the pharmacokinetic profile, and identification of the recommended phase 2 dose. Secondary endpoints included pharmacodynamic effects and antitumour activity. All patients who received at least one dose of MABp1 were included in the safety analyses. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01021072. FINDINGS Between March 15, 2010, and July 30, 2012, 52 patients with metastatic cancer (18 tumour types) received anti-interleukin-1α monotherapy in dose-escalation and expansion groups. MABp1 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities or immunogenicity. Thus, the recommended phase 2 dose was concluded to be 3.75 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Pharmacokinetic data were consistent at all dose levels and showed no evidence of accumulation or increased clearance of MABp1 at increasing doses. For 42 assessable patients, median plasma interleukin-6 concentrations had decreased from baseline to week 8 by a median of 2.7 pg/mL (IQR -12.6 to 3.0; p=0.08). Of the 34 patients restaged, one patient had a partial response and ten had stable disease. 30 patients were assessable for change in lean body mass, which increased by a mean of 1.02 kg (SD 2.24; p=0.02) between baseline and week 8. The most common adverse events possibly related to the study drug were proteinuria (n=11; 21%), nausea (7; 13%), and fatigue (7; 13%). The most frequent grade 3-4 adverse events (regardless of relation to treatment) were fatigue (3; 6%), dyspnoea (2; 4%), and headache (2; 4%). Two patients (4%) had grade 5 events (death due to disease progression), which were unrelated to treatment. INTERPRETATION MABp1 was well tolerated, no dose-limiting toxicities were experienced in this study, and disease control was observed. Further study of MABp1 anti-interleukin-1α antibody therapy for advanced stage cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Phase I Clinical Trials Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA.
| | - David Hui
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Phase I Clinical Trials Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Phase I Clinical Trials Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Gerald S Falchook
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Phase I Clinical Trials Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Sarina Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Phase I Clinical Trials Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Jennifer J Wheler
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Phase I Clinical Trials Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Phase I Clinical Trials Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Apostolia M Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Phase I Clinical Trials Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
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Ma X, Zhu S. Metabolic syndrome in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes--still a matter of debate? Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:518-21. [PMID: 23403882 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
After metabolic syndrome was first introduced to identify persons at greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, it has been associated with an increased risk of CVD and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Obesity has been considered as the fundamental factor in metabolic syndrome and it is thought to be mediated, at least in part by the role of the adipocyte in controlling circulating free fatty acids and the development of insulin resistance. However, the obese population is not perfectly overlapped with the population with metabolic syndrome. Is metabolic syndrome a better predictor than obesity to prevent CVD and T2D? Has metabolic syndrome been considered as a cluster of risk factors or an additional independent risk factor to assess CVD and T2D risk? The debate on the necessity of metabolic syndrome diagnosis seems not to be ended. Various definitions of metabolic syndrome were advocated by different organizations with emphasis on different components, and these definitions have different abilities to predict CVD and T2D among different populations because of fundamental philosophical differences. In the definitions of metabolic syndrome, only the cutoffs of each component were presented but rather continuous values or the degree of the severity of the syndrome with multiple cutoffs. Moreover, metabolic syndrome did not incorporate all the risk factors as known for CVD and T2D, such as physical activity. Future prospective studies with the measurement of sophisticated metabolic markers and of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adiposity are needed to examine if the metabolic syndrome is a good CVD and T2D risk predictor over obesity and other risk factors. In practice, prevention action should be taken at the stage of obesity and providers need to pay attention to any components in the definition of metabolic syndrome even if the number of positive components has not achieved three or more.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Lind PM, Roos V, Rönn M, Johansson L, Ahlström H, Kullberg J, Lind L. Serum concentrations of phthalate metabolites are related to abdominal fat distribution two years later in elderly women. Environ Health 2012; 11:21. [PMID: 22472124 PMCID: PMC3379932 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-11-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates, commonly used to soften plastic goods, are known PPAR-agonists affecting lipid metabolism and adipocytes in the experimental setting. We evaluated if circulating concentrations of phthalates were related to different indices of obesity using data from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. Data from both dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used. METHODS 1,016 subjects aged 70 years were investigated in the PIVUS study. Four phthalate metabolites were detected in the serum of almost all subjects (> 96%) by an API 4000 liquid chromatograph/tandem mass spectrometer. Abdominal MRI was performed in a representative subsample of 287 subjects (28%), and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-scan was obtained in 890 (88%) of the subjects two year following the phthalate measurements. RESULTS In women, circulating concentrations of mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) were positively related to waist circumference, total fat mass and trunk fat mass by DXA, as well as to subcutaneous adipose tissue by MRI following adjustment for serum cholesterol and triglycerides, education, smoking and exercise habits (all p < 0.008). Mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) concentrations were related to trunk fat mass and the trunk/leg-ratio by DXA, but less powerful than MiBP. However, no such statistically significant relationships were seen in men. CONCLUSIONS The present evaluation shows that especially the phthalate metabolite MiBP was related to increased fat amount in the subcutaneous abdominal region in women measured by DXA and MRI two years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vendela Roos
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monika Rönn
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Johansson
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ackland TR, Lohman TG, Sundgot-Borgen J, Maughan RJ, Meyer NL, Stewart AD, Müller W. Current Status of Body Composition Assessment in Sport. Sports Med 2012; 42:227-49. [DOI: 10.2165/11597140-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Yang G, De Staercke C, Hooper WC. The effects of obesity on venous thromboembolism: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2:499-509. [PMID: 26236563 DOI: 10.4236/ojpm.2012.24069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a global health issue that is associated with wide spectrum of disorders, including coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE is one of the most common vascular disorders in the United States and Europe and is associated with significant mortality. Although the association between obesity and VTE appears to be moderate, obesity can interact with other environmental or genetic factors and pose a significantly greater risk of VTE among individuals who are obese and who are exposed simultaneously to several other risk factors for VTE. Therefore, identification of potential interactions between obesity and certain VTE risk factors might offer some critical points for VTE interventions and thus minimize VTE morbidity and mortality among patients who are obese. However, current obesity measurements have limitations and can introduce contradictory results in the outcome of obesity. To overcome these limitations, this review proposes several future directions and suggests some avenues for prevention of VTE associated with obesity as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genyan Yang
- Clinical and Molecular Hemostasis Laboratory Branch, Division of Blood Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christine De Staercke
- Clinical and Molecular Hemostasis Laboratory Branch, Division of Blood Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - W Craig Hooper
- Clinical and Molecular Hemostasis Laboratory Branch, Division of Blood Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Rönn M, Lind L, van Bavel B, Salihovic S, Michaëlsson K, Lind PM. Circulating levels of persistent organic pollutants associate in divergent ways to fat mass measured by DXA in humans. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:335-343. [PMID: 21767864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental contaminants have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. OBJECTIVE To explore relations between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and fat mass independently of body stature, using a cross-sectional design. METHODS In the Prospective Study of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS), fat mass was determined in 70-year-old subjects (n=890) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The plasma levels of 21 POPs (including 16 PCB congeners, 3 OC pesticides, 1 BDE47, and 1 dioxin) were measured by high resolution chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). RESULTS Lipid-standardized plasma concentrations of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD), the PCBs 74, 99, 105 and 118, and the pesticides HCB, TNK, and DDE were all positively related to fat mass (p=0.03-0.0001). Subjects in the fifth quintile for PCB 105 showed a mean fat mass that was 4.8 kg more than subjects in the first quintile. On the other hand, the PCBs 156, 157, 169, 170, 180, 189, 194, 206, and 209 were negatively related to fat mass (p=0.0001). For PCB 194, subjects in the fifth quintile showed a mean fat mass that was 10.8 kg less than subjects in the first quintile. Following adjustment for smoking, physical activity, education level, height, lean mass, and gender, these results remained significant (p=0.01-0.0001) except for the PCBs 74 and 99. For some PCBs, the associations vs. fat mass were more pronounced in women than in men. CONCLUSION Plasma concentrations of some pesticides are positively related to fat mass, while divergent associations are seen for the PCBs. These results implicate a complex role of POPs in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rönn
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Uppsala University, and Department of Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kim H, Kim CH, Kim DW, Park M, Park HS, Min SS, Han SH, Yee JY, Chung S, Kim C. External cross-validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessment of body composition in Korean adults. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:246-52. [PMID: 21779529 PMCID: PMC3133758 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.3.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) models must be validated against a reference method in a representative population sample before they can be accepted as accurate and applicable. The purpose of this study was to compare the eight-electrode BIA method with DEXA as a reference method in the assessment of body composition in Korean adults and to investigate the predictive accuracy and applicability of the eight-electrode BIA model. A total of 174 apparently healthy adults participated. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. FM, %fat, and FFM were estimated by an eight-electrode BIA model and were measured by DEXA. Correlations between BIA_%fat and DEXA_%fat were 0.956 for men and 0.960 for women with a total error of 2.1%fat in men and 2.3%fat in women. The mean difference between BIA_%fat and DEXA_%fat was small but significant (P < 0.05), which resulted in an overestimation of 1.2 ± 2.2%fat (95% CI: -3.2-6.2%fat) in men and an underestimation of -2.0 ± 2.4%fat (95% CI: -2.3-7.1%fat) in women. In the Bland-Altman analysis, the %fat of 86.3% of men was accurately estimated and the %fat of 66.0% of women was accurately estimated to within 3.5%fat. The BIA had good agreement for prediction of %fat in Korean adults. However, the eight-electrode BIA had small, but systemic, errors of %fat in the predictive accuracy for individual estimation. The total errors led to an overestimation of %fat in lean men and an underestimation of %fat in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeoijin Kim
- Measurement and evaluation in sports science, Soonchunhyang University, Chungman 336-745, Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Antiaging Research Center, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 143-5, Yogdu-dong, Chung-gu, Daejeon 301-832, Korea
| | - Dong-Won Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-792, Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 301-832, Korea
| | - Hye Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Sun-Seek Min
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Antiaging Research Center, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 143-5, Yogdu-dong, Chung-gu, Daejeon 301-832, Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Han
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Antiaging Research Center, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 143-5, Yogdu-dong, Chung-gu, Daejeon 301-832, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Yee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Antiaging Research Center, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 143-5, Yogdu-dong, Chung-gu, Daejeon 301-832, Korea
| | - Sochung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-729, Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Antiaging Research Center, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 143-5, Yogdu-dong, Chung-gu, Daejeon 301-832, Korea
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Wang Z, Pierson RN. Total body carbon and oxygen masses: evaluation of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry estimation by in vivo neutron activation analysis. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:5953-63. [PMID: 20858915 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/19/021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen and carbon are the first and second abundant elements, respectively, in the human body by mass. Although many physiological and pathological processes are accompanied with alteration of total body oxygen (TBO) and carbon (TBC) masses, in vivo measurements of the two elements are limited. Up to now, almost all available information of TBC and TBO is based on in vivo neutron activation (IVNA) analysis which is very expensive and involves moderate radiation exposure. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate an alternative strategy for TBC and TBO estimation. Mechanistic models were derived for predicting TBC and TBO masses from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and total body water (TBW). Twenty-eight adult subjects were studied. IVNA-measured TBC and TBO masses were used as the criterion. TBC masses predicted by DXA-alone and by DXA-TBW models were 20.8 ± 7.1 kg and 20.6 ± 6.8 kg, respectively, close to the IVNA-measured value (19.5 ± 6.3 kg). There were strong correlations (both with r > 0.95, P < 0.001) between the predicted and measured TBC masses. TBO masses predicted by DXA-alone and by DXA-TBW models were 46.0 ± 9.8 kg and 46.5 ± 9.9 kg, respectively, close to the IVNA-measured value (48.0 ± 10.4 kg). Correlations (both with r > 0.97, P < 0.001) were strong between the predicted and measured TBO masses. Bland-Altman analysis validated the applicability of DXA-based models to predict TBC and TBO masses. As both DXA and TBW dilutions are widely available, low-risk, low-cost techniques, the present study provides a safe and practical method for estimating elemental composition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimian Wang
- Obesity Research Center, St Luke’s–Roosevelt Hospital, College of Physicians and Surgeons,Columbia University, NY, USA.
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