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Kamp A, Andersson M, Leide-Svegborn S, Noβke D, Mattsson S, Giussani A. A revised compartmental model for biokinetics and dosimetry of 2-[ 18F]FDG. EJNMMI Phys 2023; 10:10. [PMID: 36752876 PMCID: PMC9908780 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-023-00528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to review available biokinetic data, collect own experimental data, and propose an updated compartmental model for 2-[18F]FDG in the frame of the revision of the ICRP report on dose coefficients for radiopharmaceuticals used in diagnostic nuclear medicine. METHODS The compartmental model was developed based on published biokinetic data for 2-[18F]FDG. Additional data on urinary excretion in 23 patients (11 males, 12 females) undergoing whole-body PET/CT examinations were obtained within this study. The unknown biokinetic model parameters were derived using the software SAAM II and verified with a modified version of IDAC-Iodide. Dose coefficients for reference adults were calculated with the programme IDAC-Dose 2.1. A dynamic bladder model was employed for urinary bladder dosimetry. RESULTS The proposed model consists of following compartments: blood, heart wall, brain, liver, lungs, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, urinary bladder content and a generic pool compartment "Other". The latter was introduced to account for 2-[18F]FDG in body organ and tissues besides the explicitly modelled ones. The model predictions showed a good agreement with experimental data. Urinary bladder wall received the highest absorbed dose coefficient of 7.5E-02 mGy/MBq under the assumption of initial urine volume of 100 ml, first voiding at 45 min p.i. and 3.75 h voiding intervals thereafter. The effective dose coefficient calculated according to the current dosimetry framework of ICRP amounted to 1.7E-02 mSv/MBq, compared to 1.9E-02 mSv/MBq in ICRP Publication 128. CONCLUSION A compartmental model for 2-[18F]FDG was proposed and will be used to replace the descriptive biokinetic model of ICRP Publication 128. The revised model and the provided dose coefficients are expected to improve reference dosimetry for patients administered with 2-[18F]FDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kamp
- Department of Medical and Occupational Radiation Protection, Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Andersson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Medical Radiation Physics Malmö, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sigrid Leide-Svegborn
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Medical Radiation Physics Malmö, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dietmar Noβke
- grid.31567.360000 0004 0554 9860Department of Medical and Occupational Radiation Protection, Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sören Mattsson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Medical Radiation Physics Malmö, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Augusto Giussani
- grid.31567.360000 0004 0554 9860Department of Medical and Occupational Radiation Protection, Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Altmann H, Cui Y, Henrich M, Schaub S, Thiel C, Moritz A, Bauer R, Bauer N. 99m-Technetium-Pertechnetat- und 99m-Technetium-Sestamibi-Szintigrafie zur Darstellung von hypofunktionellem Schilddrüsengewebe und Staging bei einem Hund mit Schilddrüsenkarzinom. TIERÄRZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE K: KLEINTIERE / HEIMTIERE 2022; 50:446-456. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1966-1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungEine 10-jährige Mischlingshündin wurde aufgrund einer zervikalen Umfangsvermehrung zur Schilddrüsen-Szintigrafie vorgestellt.Aufgrund einer zusätzlichen Hypothyreose, die einen „kalten“ Knoten vermuten ließ, und zur Metastasensuche, erfolgte neben der 99m-Technetium-Pertechnetat (Tc-Pertechnetat)-Szintigrafie eine zweite Szintigrafie mit 99m-Technetium-Sestamibi (Tc-MIBI).Zwanzig Minuten nach intravenöser Gabe von 38 MBq Tc-Pertechnetat waren ein „heißer“ zervikaler und ein intrathorakaler Knoten mit einem „Uptake“ von 8,40 und 0,25 % sichtbar. In der zweiten Szintigrafie 20 Minuten nach intravenöser Gabe von 364 MBq Tc-MIBI und 70 Minuten nach der ersten Szintigrafie zeigten die Knoten nach Abzug der Pertechnetat-Aktivität und Zerfallskorrektur einen „Uptake“ von 0,99 und 0,03 %. Zudem stellten sich in der Schilddrüsenloge beide Schilddrüsenlappen mit einer geringen Tc-MIBI-Aufnahme dar. Das Verhältnis Tc-„Uptake“/Tc-MIBI-„Uptake“ betrug für beide Läsionen 8,48 bzw. 8,33.Nach Exstirpation des zervikalen Tumors ergab die histopathologische Untersuchung atrophisches Schilddrüsengewebe, das von einem expansiv wachsenden gut differenzierten follikulären Schilddrüsenkarzinom fast vollständig verdrängt wurde.Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt Durchführung, Nutzen und rechnerische Korrektur einer aufeinanderfolgenden Pertechnetat- und MIBI-Szintigrafie, die eine Darstellung von hypofunktionellem Schilddrüsengewebe ermöglichte. Die beiden heißen Knoten waren daher und aufgrund ihrer gleichen MIBI-Stoffwechselaktivität als dystopes Gewebe/Metastasen zu werten, wodurch die Hündin in das prognostisch ungünstigere WHO-Stadium IV klassifiziert werden musste. Anders als beim Menschen sollten beim Hund zur Vermeidung einer erneuten Narkose beide Szintigrafien kurz hintereinander durchgeführt werden. Eine qualitative/visuelle Beurteilung des MIBI-Szintigramms ist daher nicht sicher möglich, sodass eine quantitative Beurteilung über den „Uptake“ nach rechnerischer Korrektur der Pertechnetat-Aktivität erfolgen muss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Altmann
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Kleintiere, Innere Medizin, klinische Laboratoriumsdiagnostik und klinische Pathophysiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | - Yi Cui
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Kleintiere, Innere Medizin, klinische Laboratoriumsdiagnostik und klinische Pathophysiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | - Manfred Henrich
- Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | - Sebastian Schaub
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Kleintiere, Chirurgie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | - Cetina Thiel
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Kleintiere, Chirurgie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Kleintiere, Innere Medizin, klinische Laboratoriumsdiagnostik und klinische Pathophysiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | | | - Natali Bauer
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Kleintiere, Innere Medizin, klinische Laboratoriumsdiagnostik und klinische Pathophysiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
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Nawar MF, Türler A. New strategies for a sustainable 99mTc supply to meet increasing medical demands: Promising solutions for current problems. Front Chem 2022; 10:926258. [PMID: 35936080 PMCID: PMC9355089 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.926258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuing rapid expansion of 99mTc diagnostic agents always calls for scaling up 99mTc production to cover increasing clinical demand. Nevertheless, 99mTc availability depends mainly on the fission-produced 99Mo supply. This supply is seriously influenced during renewed emergency periods, such as the past 99Mo production crisis or the current COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, these interruptions have promoted the need for 99mTc production through alternative strategies capable of providing clinical-grade 99mTc with high purity. In the light of this context, this review illustrates diverse production routes that either have commercially been used or new strategies that offer potential solutions to promote a rapid production growth of 99mTc. These techniques have been selected, highlighted, and evaluated to imply their impact on developing 99mTc production. Furthermore, their advantages and limitations, current situation, and long-term perspective were also discussed. It appears that, on the one hand, careful attention needs to be devoted to enhancing the 99Mo economy. It can be achieved by utilizing 98Mo neutron activation in commercial nuclear power reactors and using accelerator-based 99Mo production, especially the photonuclear transmutation strategy. On the other hand, more research efforts should be devoted to widening the utility of 99Mo/99mTc generators, which incorporate nanomaterial-based sorbents and promote their development, validation, and full automization in the near future. These strategies are expected to play a vital role in providing sufficient clinical-grade 99mTc, resulting in a reasonable cost per patient dose.
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Rodríguez DM, Mayordomo N, Scheinost AC, Schild D, Brendler V, Müller K, Stumpf T. New Insights into 99Tc(VII) Removal by Pyrite: A Spectroscopic Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2678-2687. [PMID: 31961663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
99Tc(VII) uptake by synthetic pure pyrite at 21 °C was studied in a wide pH range from 3.50 to 10.50 using batch experiments combined with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman microscopy. We found that pyrite removes Tc quantitatively from solution (log Kd = 5.0 ± 0.1) within 1 day at pH ≥ 5.50 ± 0.08. At pH < 5.50 ± 0.08, the uptake process is slower, leading to 98% Tc removal (log Kd = 4.5 ± 0.1) after 35 days. The slower Tc uptake was explained by higher pyrite solubility under acidic conditions. After 2 months in contact with oxygen at pH 6.00 ± 0.07 and 10.00 ± 0.04, Tc was neither reoxidized nor redissolved. XAS showed that the uptake mechanism involves the reduction from Tc(VII) to Tc(IV) and subsequent inner-sphere complexation of Tc(IV)-Tc(IV) dimers onto a Fe oxide like hematite at pH 6.00 ± 0.07, and Tc(IV) incorporation into magnetite via Fe(III) substitution at pH 10.00 ± 0.04. Calculations of Fe speciation under the experimental conditions predict the formation of hematite at pH < 7.50 and magnetite at pH > 7.50, explaining the formation of the two different Tc species depending on the pH. XPS spectra showed the formation of TcSx at pH 10.00 ± 0.04, being a small fraction of a surface complex, potentially a transient phase in the total redox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Rodríguez
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalia Mayordomo
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas C Scheinost
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline (ROBL), 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Dieter Schild
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Brendler
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Müller
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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Welling MM, de Korne CM, Spa SJ, van Willigen DM, Hensbergen AW, Bunschoten A, Duszenko N, Smits WK, Roestenberg M, van Leeuwen FWB. Multimodal Tracking of Controlled Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Mice. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1160-1168. [PMID: 31016979 PMCID: PMC6630532 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to develop diagnostic and analytical tools that allow noninvasive monitoring of bacterial growth and dissemination in vivo. For such cell-tracking studies to hold translational value to controlled human infections, in which volunteers are experimentally colonized, they should not require genetic modification, and they should allow tracking over a number of replication cycles. To gauge if an antimicrobial peptide tracer, 99mTc-UBI29-41-Cy5, which contains both a fluorescent and a radioactive moiety, could be used for such in vivo bacterial tracking, we performed longitudinal imaging of a thigh-muscle infection with 99mTc-UBI29-41-Cy5-labeled Staphylococcus aureus. Mice were imaged using SPECT and fluorescence-imaging modalities at various intervals during a 28 h period. Biodistribution analyses were performed to quantitate radioactivity in the abscess and other tissues. SPECT and fluorescence imaging in mice showed clear retention of the 99mTc-UBI29-41-Cy5-labeled bacteria following inoculation in the thigh muscle. Despite bacterial replication, the signal intensity in the abscess only modestly decreased within a 28 h period: 52% of the total injected radioactivity per gram of tissue (%ID/g) at 4 h postinfection (pi) versus 44%ID/g at 28 h pi (15% decrease). After inoculation, a portion of the bacteria disseminated from the abscess, and S. aureus cultures were obtained from radioactive urine samples. Bacterial staining with 99mTc-UBI29-41-Cy5 allowed noninvasive bacterial-cell tracking during a 28 h period. Given the versatility of the presented bacterial-tracking method, we believe that this concept could pave the way for precise imaging capabilities during controlled-human-infection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mick M. Welling
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clarize M. de Korne
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Parasitology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia J. Spa
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M. van Willigen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albertus W. Hensbergen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Bunschoten
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of BioNanoTechnology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolas Duszenko
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Parasitology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wiep Klaas Smits
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, Section Experimental Bacteriology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meta Roestenberg
- Department
of Parasitology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of BioNanoTechnology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Soares AD, Paixão L, Facure A. Determination of the dose rate constant through Monte Carlo simulations with voxel phantoms. Med Phys 2018; 45:5283-5292. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abner D. Soares
- Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria Avenida Salvador Allende, 9 22780‐160 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Lucas Paixão
- Dep. de Anatomia e Imagem/Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 30130‐100 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Alessandro Facure
- Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear Rua General Severiano 90, sala 402 22294‐900 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Yiin JH, Anderson JL, Bertke SJ, Tollerud DJ. Dose-response relationships between internally-deposited uranium and select health outcomes in gaseous diffusion plant workers, 1948-2011. Am J Ind Med 2018; 61:605-614. [PMID: 29744908 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine dose-response relationships between internal uranium exposures and select outcomes among a cohort of uranium enrichment workers. METHODS Cox regression was conducted to examine associations between selected health outcomes and cumulative internal uranium with consideration for external ionizing radiation, work-related medical X-rays and contaminant radionuclides technetium (99 Tc) and plutonium (239 Pu) as potential confounders. RESULTS Elevated and monotonically increasing mortality risks were observed for kidney cancer, chronic renal diseases, and multiple myeloma, and the association with internal uranium absorbed organ dose was statistically significant for multiple myeloma. Adjustment for potential confounders had minimal impact on the risk estimates. CONCLUSION Kidney cancer, chronic renal disease, and multiple myeloma mortality risks were elevated with increasing internal uranium absorbed organ dose. The findings add to evidence of an association between internal exposure to uranium and cancer. Future investigation includes a study of cancer incidence in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Yiin
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field StudiesNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCDCCincinnatiOhio
| | - Jeri L. Anderson
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field StudiesNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCDCCincinnatiOhio
| | - Stephen J. Bertke
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field StudiesNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCDCCincinnatiOhio
| | - David J. Tollerud
- University of Louisville,School of Public Health & Information SciencesLouisvilleKentucky
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Andersson M, Johansson L, Eckerman K, Mattsson S. IDAC-Dose 2.1, an internal dosimetry program for diagnostic nuclear medicine based on the ICRP adult reference voxel phantoms. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:88. [PMID: 29098485 PMCID: PMC5668221 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, the estimated radiation-absorbed dose to organs and tissues in patients undergoing diagnostic examinations in nuclear medicine is derived via calculations based on models of the human body and the biokinetic behaviour of the radiopharmaceutical. An internal dosimetry computer program, IDAC-Dose2.1, was developed based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)-specific absorbed fractions and computational framework of internal dose assessment given for reference adults in ICRP Publication 133. The program uses the radionuclide decay database of ICRP Publication 107 and considers 83 different source regions irradiating 47 target tissues, defining the effective dose as presented in ICRP Publications 60 and 103. The computer program was validated against another ICRP dosimetry program, Dose and Risk Calculation (DCAL), that employs the same computational framework in evaluation of occupational and environmental intakes of radionuclides. IDAC-Dose2.1 has a sub-module for absorbed dose calculations in spherical structures of different volumes and composition; this sub-module is intended for absorbed dose estimates in radiopharmaceutical therapy. For nine specific alpha emitters, the absorbed dose contribution from their decay products is also included in the committed absorbed dose calculations. RESULTS The absorbed doses and effective dose of 131I-iodide determined by IDAC-Dose2.1 were validated against the dosimetry program DCAL, showing identical results. IDAC-Dose2.1 was used to calculate absorbed doses for intravenously administered 18F-FDG and orally administered 99mTc-pertechnetate and 131I-iodide, three frequently used radiopharmaceuticals. Using the tissue weighting factors from ICRP Publication 103, the effective dose per administered activity was estimated to be 0.016 mSv/MBq for 18F-FDG, 0.014 mSv/MBq for 99mTc-pertechnetate, and 16 mSv/MBq for 131I-iodide. CONCLUSIONS The internal dosimetry program IDAC-Dose2.1 was developed and applied to three radiopharmaceuticals for validation against DCAL and to generate improved absorbed dose estimations for diagnostic nuclear medicine using specific absorbed fraction values of the ICRP computational voxel phantoms. The sub-module for absorbed dose calculations in spherical structures 1 mm to 9 cm in diameter and different tissue composition was included to broaden the clinical usefulness of the program. The IDAC-Dose2.1 program is free software for research and available for download at http://www.idac-dose.org .
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andersson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lennart Johansson
- Radiation Physics, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Keith Eckerman
- Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Sören Mattsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Anderson JL, Apostoaei AI, Yiin JH, Tseng CY. Exposure to Recycled Uranium Contaminants in Gaseous Diffusion Plants. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 175:503-507. [PMID: 28096314 PMCID: PMC5892198 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As part of an ongoing study of health effects in a pooled cohort of gaseous diffusion plant workers, organ dose from internal exposure to uranium was evaluated. Due to the introduction of recycled uranium into the plants, there was also potential for exposure to radiologically significant levels of 99Tc, 237Np and 238,239Pu. In the evaluation of dose response, these radionuclide exposures could confound the effect of internal uranium. Using urine bioassay data for study subjects reported in facility records, intakes and absorbed dose to bone surface, red bone marrow and kidneys were estimated as these organs were associated with a priori outcomes of interest. Additionally, 99Tc intakes and doses were calculated using a new systemic model for technetium and compared to intakes and doses calculated using the current model recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Organ absorbed doses for the transuranics were significant compared to uranium doses; however, 99Tc doses calculated using the new systemic model were significant as well. Use of the new model resulted in an increase in 99Tc-related absorbed organ dose of a factor of 8 (red bone marrow) to 30 (bone surface).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeri L. Anderson
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies (DSHEFS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH 45226
| | | | - James H. Yiin
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies (DSHEFS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH 45226
| | - Chih-Yu Tseng
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies (DSHEFS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH 45226
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