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Uematsu Y, Ohshima H. Electrophoretic Mobility of a Water-in-Oil Droplet Separately Affected by the Net Charge and Surface Charge Density. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4213-4221. [PMID: 35352953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water-in-oil emulsions and droplets exhibit physicochemical properties completely different from those of oil-in-water emulsions and droplets. Thus, directly applying a standard theoretical model to water-in-oil systems cannot describe these anomalous properties. Here, the electrophoretic mobility of a water-in-oil droplet is analytically investigated using Debye-Hückel linearization and neglecting the Marangoni effect. The resulting electrophoretic mobility is shown to be separately dependent on the net charge of the droplet and the surface charge density at the droplet interface. Furthermore, when the net charge is negligible, the electrophoretic mobility is proportional to the surface charge density with a negative coefficient. This indicates that the internal electric double layer inversely contributes to the electrophoresis. This theory is applied to experimental data of water-in-oil emulsions and droplets in the literature, and qualitative and quantitative verification of the theory is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Uematsu
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Shimizu S, Matubayasi N. Intensive nature of fluctuations: Reconceptualizing Kirkwood-Buff theory via elementary algebra. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Komenami T, Yoshimura A, Matsuno Y, Sato M, Sato C. Network of Palladium-Based Nanorings Synthesized by Liquid-Phase Reduction Using DMSO-H2O: In Situ Monitoring of Structure Formation and Drying Deformation by ASEM. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093271. [PMID: 32380757 PMCID: PMC7247573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a liquid-phase synthesis method for Pd-based nanostructure, in which Pd dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions was precipitated using acid aqueous solution. In the development of the method, in situ monitoring using atmospheric scanning electron microscopy (ASEM) revealed that three-dimensional (3D) Pd-based nanonetworks were deformed to micrometer-size particles possibly by the surface tension of the solutions during the drying process. To avoid surface tension, critical point drying was employed to dry the Pd-based precipitates. By combining ASEM monitoring with critical point drying, the synthesis parameters were optimized, resulting in the formation of lacelike delicate nanonetworks using citric acid aqueous solutions. Precipitation using HCl acid aqueous solutions allowed formation of 500-nm diameter nanorings connected by nanowires. The 3D nanostructure formation was controllable and modifiable into various shapes using different concentrations of the Pd and Cl ions as the parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuki Komenami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; (T.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Akihiro Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; (T.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Yasunari Matsuno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; (T.K.); (A.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (C.S.); Tel.: +81-43-290-3467 (Y.M.); +81- 29-861-5562 (C.S.)
| | - Mari Sato
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan;
| | - Chikara Sato
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan;
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (C.S.); Tel.: +81-43-290-3467 (Y.M.); +81- 29-861-5562 (C.S.)
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Glende G, de Wijn AS, Pousaneh F. The Vanishing water/oil interface in the presence of antagonistic salt. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:124707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5142811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Glende
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid S. de Wijn
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Faezeh Pousaneh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Wheeler RJ, Hyman AA. Controlling compartmentalization by non-membrane-bound organelles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0193. [PMID: 29632271 PMCID: PMC5904305 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Compartmentalization is a characterizing feature of complexity in cells, used to organize their biochemistry. Membrane-bound organelles are most widely known, but non-membrane-bound liquid organelles also exist. These have recently been shown to form by phase separation of specific types of proteins known as scaffolds. This forms two phases: a condensate that is enriched in scaffold protein separated by a phase boundary from the cytoplasm or nucleoplasm with a low concentration of the scaffold protein. Phase separation is well known for synthetic polymers, but also appears important in cells. Here, we review the properties of proteins important for forming these non-membrane-bound organelles, focusing on the energetically favourable interactions that drive condensation. On this basis we make qualitative predictions about how cells may control compartmentalization by condensates; the partition of specific molecules to a condensate; the control of condensation and dissolution of condensates; and the regulation of condensate nucleation. There are emerging data supporting many of these predictions, although future results may prove incorrect. It appears that many molecules may have the ability to modulate condensate formation, making condensates a potential target for future therapeutics. The emerging properties of condensates are fundamentally unlike the properties of membrane-bound organelles. They have the capacity to rapidly integrate cellular events and act as a new class of sensors for internal and external environments. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Self-organization in cell biology’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Wheeler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anthony A Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden, Germany
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Jung D, Rivas N, Harting J. How antagonistic salts cause nematic ordering and behave like diblock copolymers. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:064912. [PMID: 30769987 DOI: 10.1063/1.5085660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present simulation results and an explanatory theory on how antagonistic salts affect the spinodal decomposition of binary fluid mixtures. We find that spinodal decomposition is arrested and complex structures form only when electrostatic ion-ion interactions are small. In this case, the fluid and ion concentrations couple and the charge field can be approximated as a polynomial function of the relative fluid concentrations alone. When the solvation energy associated with transferring an ion from one fluid phase to the other is of the order of a few kBT, the coupled fluid and charge fields evolve according to the Ohta-Kawasaki free energy functional. This allows us to accurately predict structure sizes and reduce the parameter space to two dimensionless numbers. The lamellar structures induced by the presence of the antagonistic salt in our simulations exhibit a high degree of nematic ordering and the growth of ordered domains over time follows a power law. This power law carries a time exponent proportional to the salt concentration. We qualitatively reproduce and interpret neutron scattering data from previous experiments of similar systems. The dissolution of structures at high salt concentrations observed in these experiments agrees with our simulations, and we explain it as the result of a vanishing surface tension due to electrostatic contributions. We conclude by presenting 3D results showing the same morphologies as predicted by the Ohta-Kawasaki model as a function of volume fraction and suggesting that our findings from 2D systems remain valid in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jung
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rivas
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Jens Harting
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
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Tasios N, Samin S, van Roij R, Dijkstra M. Microphase Separation in Oil-Water Mixtures Containing Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:218001. [PMID: 29219402 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.218001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We develop a lattice-based Monte Carlo simulation method for charged mixtures capable of treating dielectric heterogeneities. Using this method, we study oil-water mixtures containing an antagonistic salt, with hydrophilic cations and hydrophobic anions. Our simulations reveal several phases with a spatially modulated solvent composition, in which the ions partition between water-rich and water-poor regions according to their affinity. In addition to the recently observed lamellar phase, we find tubular and droplet phases, reminiscent of those found in block copolymers and surfactant systems. Interestingly, these structures stem from ion-mediated interactions, which allows for tuning of the phase behavior via the concentrations, the ionic properties, and the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Tasios
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sela Samin
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - René van Roij
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
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Yabunaka S, Onuki A. Electric Double Layer Composed of an Antagonistic Salt in an Aqueous Mixture: Local Charge Separation and Surface Phase Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:118001. [PMID: 28949213 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.118001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We examine an electric double layer containing an antagonistic salt in an aqueous mixture, where the cations are small and hydrophilic but the anions are large and hydrophobic. In this situation, a strong coupling arises between the charge density and the solvent composition. As a result, the anions are trapped in an oil-rich adsorption layer on a hydrophobic wall. We then vary the surface charge density σ on the wall. For σ>0 the anions remain accumulated, but for σ<0 the cations are attracted to the wall with increasing |σ|. Furthermore, the electric potential drop Ψ(σ) is nonmonotonic when the solvent interaction parameter χ(T) exceeds a critical value χ_{c} determined by the composition and the ion density in the bulk. This leads to a first-order phase transition between two kinds of electric double layers with different σ and common Ψ. In equilibrium such two-layer regions can coexist. The steric effect due to finite ion sizes is crucial in these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yabunaka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Akira Onuki
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Onuki A, Yabunaka S, Araki T, Okamoto R. Structure formation due to antagonistic salts. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Okamoto R, Onuki A. Charged colloids in an aqueous mixture with a salt. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:051401. [PMID: 22181411 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.051401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the ion and composition distributions around colloid particles in an aqueous mixture, accounting for preferential adsorption, electrostatic interaction, selective solvation among ions and polar molecules, and composition-dependent ionization. On the colloid surface, we predict a precipitation transition induced by a strong preference of hydrophilic ions to water and a prewetting transition between weak and strong adsorption and ionization. These transition lines extend far from the solvent coexistence curve in the plane of the interaction parameter χ (or the temperature) and the average solvent composition. The colloid interaction is drastically altered by these phase transitions on the surface. In particular, the interaction is much amplified on bridging of wetting layers formed above the precipitation line. Such wetting layers can either completely or partially cover the colloid surface depending on the average solvent composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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