1
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Xu J, Carney TE, Zhou R, Shepard C, Kanai Y. Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Simulating Nonequilibrium Electron Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5011-5029. [PMID: 38362887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The explicit real-time propagation approach for time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) has increasingly become a popular first-principles computational method for modeling various time-dependent electronic properties of complex chemical systems. In this Perspective, we provide a nontechnical discussion of how this first-principles simulation approach has been used to gain novel physical insights into nonequilibrium electron dynamics phenomena in recent years. Following a concise overview of the RT-TDDFT methodology from a practical standpoint, we discuss our recent studies on the electronic stopping of DNA in water and the Floquet topological phase as examples. Our discussion focuses on how RT-TDDFT simulations played a unique role in deriving new scientific understandings. We then discuss existing challenges and some new advances at the frontier of RT-TDDFT method development for studying increasingly complex dynamic phenomena and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas E Carney
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ruiyi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher Shepard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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2
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Rukin P, Prezzi D, Rozzi CA. Excited-state normal-mode analysis: The case of porphyrins. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244103. [PMID: 38131481 DOI: 10.1063/5.0173336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We systematically applied excited-state normal mode analysis to investigate and compare the relaxation and internal conversion dynamics of a free-base porphyrin (BP) with those of a novel functional porphyrin (FP) derivative. We discuss the strengths and limitations of this method and employ it to predict very different dynamical behaviors of the two compounds and to clarify the role of high reorganization energy modes in driving the system toward critical regions of the potential energy landscape. We identify the modes of vibrations along which the energy gap between two excited-state potential energy surfaces within the Q band manifold may vanish and find that the excess energy to reach this "touching" region is significantly reduced in the case of FP (0.16 eV) as compared to the one calculated for BP (0.92 eV). Our findings establish a link between the chemical functionalization and the electronic and vibrational structure that can be exploited to control the internal conversion pathways in a systematic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Rukin
- S3 Center, Nanoscience Institute - National Research Council (CNR-NANO), Via Campi 213/a, Modena, Italy
| | - Deborah Prezzi
- S3 Center, Nanoscience Institute - National Research Council (CNR-NANO), Via Campi 213/a, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Andrea Rozzi
- S3 Center, Nanoscience Institute - National Research Council (CNR-NANO), Via Campi 213/a, Modena, Italy
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3
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Pudlak M. Impact of the unrelaxed vibrational modes on hot-electron transfer. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244105. [PMID: 38146828 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultrafast photoinduced electron or exciton transfer was investigated theoretically. The charge separation on the ultrafast time scale results in the unrelaxed vibrational modes that appear in the initial terms of the generalized master equations. Here, the impact of these initial terms on the electron transfer directionality in the open system was evaluated. Moreover, the role of unrelaxed vibrational modes in electron-hole separation was also examined. It was shown that the unrelaxed vibrational modes significantly increase the efficiency of electron-hole separation. This could play a crucial role in the remarkable efficiency of charge separation in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pudlak
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 04001 Kosice, Slovak Republic
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4
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Jacobs M, Krumland J, Valencia AM, Cocchi C. Pulse-Induced Dynamics of a Charge-Transfer Complex from First Principles. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8794-8805. [PMID: 37824697 PMCID: PMC10614200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast dynamics of charge carriers in organic donor-acceptor interfaces are of primary importance to understanding the fundamental properties of these systems. In this work, we focus on a charge-transfer complex formed by quaterthiophene p-doped by tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane and investigate electron dynamics and vibronic interactions also at finite temperatures by applying a femtosecond pulse in resonance with the two lowest energy excitations of the system with perpendicular and parallel polarization with respect to the interface. The adopted ab initio formalism based on real-time time-dependent density-functional theory coupled to Ehrenfest dynamics enables monitoring the dynamical charge transfer across the interface and assessing the role played by the nuclear motion. Our results show that the strong intermolecular interactions binding the complex already in the ground state influence the dynamics, too. The analysis of the nuclear motion involved in these processes reveals the participation of different vibrational modes depending on the electronic states stimulated by the resonant pulse. Coupled donor-acceptor modes mostly influence the excited state polarized across the interface, while intramolecular vibrations in the donor molecule dominate the excitation in the orthogonal direction. The results obtained at finite temperatures are overall consistent with this picture, although thermal disorder contributes to slightly decreasing interfacial charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Jacobs
- Physics
Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Jannis Krumland
- Physics
Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Ana M. Valencia
- Physics
Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Physics
Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscale Dynamics (CeNaD), Carl von
Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
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5
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Troiani F. Vibrational response functions for multidimensional electronic spectroscopy in nonadiabatic models. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:054110. [PMID: 36754824 DOI: 10.1063/5.0129073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay of nuclear and electronic dynamics characterizes the multidimensional electronic spectra of various molecular and solid-state systems. Theoretically, the observable effect of such interplay can be accounted for by response functions. Here, we report analytical expressions for the response functions corresponding to a class of model systems. These are characterized by coupling between the diabatic electronic states and the vibrational degrees of freedom, resulting in linear displacements of the corresponding harmonic oscillators, and by nonadiabatic couplings between pairs of diabatic states. In order to derive the linear response functions, we first perform the Dyson expansion of the relevant propagators with respect to the nonadiabatic component of the Hamiltonian, then derive and expand with respect to the displacements the propagators at given interaction times, and finally provide analytical expressions for the time integrals that lead to the different contributions to the linear response function. The approach is then applied to the derivation of third-order response functions describing different physical processes: ground state bleaching, stimulated emission, excited state absorption, and double quantum coherence. Comparisons between the results obtained up to sixth order in the Dyson expansion and independent numerical calculation of the response functions provide evidence of the series convergence in a few representative cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Troiani
- Centro S3, CNR-Istituto di Nanoscienze, I-41125 Modena, Italy
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6
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Quintela Rodriguez FE, Troiani F. Vibrational response functions for multidimensional electronic spectroscopy in the adiabatic regime: A coherent-state approach. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:034107. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0094512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-dimensional spectroscopy represents a particularly insightful tool for investigating the interplay of nuclear and electronic dynamics, which plays an important role in a number of photophysical processes and photochemical reactions. Here, we present a coherent state representation of the vibronic dynamics and of the resulting response functions for the widely used linearly displaced harmonic oscillator model. Analytical expressions are initially derived for the case of third-order response functions in an N-level system, with ground state initialization of the oscillator (zero-temperature limit). The results are then generalized to the case of Mth order response functions, with arbitrary M. The formal derivation is translated into a simple recipe, whereby the explicit analytical expressions of the response functions can be derived directly from the Feynman diagrams. We further generalize to the whole set of initial coherent states, which form an overcomplete basis. This allows one, in principle, to derive the dependence of the response functions on arbitrary initial states of the vibrational modes and is here applied to the case of thermal states. Finally, a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian approach is used to include in the above expressions the effect of vibrational relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Troiani
- Centro S3, CNR-Istituto di Nanoscienze, I-41125 Modena, Italy
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7
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Meng R, Zhu R. Ultrafast charge generation in a homogenous polymer domain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10087. [PMID: 35710923 PMCID: PMC9203523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient charge generation contributes greatly to the high performance of organic photovoltaic devices. The mechanism of charge separation induced by heterojunction has been widely accepted. However, how and why free charge carriers can generate in homogenous polymer domains remains to be explored. In this work, the extended tight-binding SSH model, combined with the non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulation, is used to construct the model of a polymer array in an applied electric field and simulate the evolution of an excited state. It is found that under a very weak external electric field 5.0 × 10−3 V/Å, the excited state can evolve directly into spatially separated free charges at the femtosecond scale, and the efficiency is up to 97%. The stacking structure of the polymer array leads to intermolecular electron mutualization and forms intermolecular coupling. This interaction tends to delocalize the excited states in organic semiconductors, competing with the localization caused by electron–phonon coupling. Excitons within the homogenous polymer domains have lower binding energy, less energy dissipation, and ultrafast charge separation. Therefore, the initial excited state can evolve directly into free carriers under a very weak electric field. This finding provides a reasonable explanation for ultrafast charge generation in pure polymer phases and is consistent with the fact that delocalization always coexists with ultrafast charge generation. Moreover, the devices based on homogenous polymer domains are supposed to be stress-sensitive and performance-anisotropic since the above two interactions have contrary effects and work in perpendicular directions. This work is expected to bring inspiration for the design of organic functional materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Meng
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Rui Zhu
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
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8
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Yalouz S, Koridon E, Senjean B, Lasorne B, Buda F, Visscher L. Analytical Nonadiabatic Couplings and Gradients within the State-Averaged Orbital-Optimized Variational Quantum Eigensolver. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:776-794. [PMID: 35029988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce several technical and analytical extensions to our recent state-averaged orbital-optimized variational quantum eigensolver (SA-OO-VQE) algorithm (see Yalouz et al. Quantum Sci. Technol. 2021, 6, 024004). Motivated by the limitations of current quantum computers, the first extension consists of an efficient state-resolution procedure to find the SA-OO-VQE eigenstates, and not just the subspace spanned by them, while remaining in the equi-ensemble framework. This approach avoids expensive intermediate resolutions of the eigenstates by postponing this problem to the very end of the full algorithm. The second extension allows for the estimation of analytical gradients and nonadiabatic couplings, which are crucial in many practical situations ranging from the search of conical intersections to the simulation of quantum dynamics, in, for example, photoisomerization reactions. The accuracy of our new implementations is demonstrated on the formaldimine molecule CH2NH (a minimal Schiff base model relevant for the study of photoisomerization in larger biomolecules), for which we also perform a geometry optimization to locate a conical intersection between the ground and first-excited electronic states of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Yalouz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Emiel Koridon
- Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Senjean
- CGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34070, France
| | | | - Francesco Buda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV, The Netherlands
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9
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Herperger KR, Krumland J, Cocchi C. Laser-Induced Electronic and Vibronic Dynamics in the Pyrene Molecule and Its Cation. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9619-9631. [PMID: 34714646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrene is widely used as an optical probe thanks to its peculiar ultraviolet absorption and infrared emission features. Interestingly, this molecule is also an abundant component of the interstellar medium, where it is detected via its unique spectral fingerprints. In this work, we present a comprehensive first-principles study on the electronic and vibrational response of pyrene and its cation to ultrafast, coherent pulses in resonance with their optically active excitations in the ultraviolet region. The analysis of molecular symmetries, electronic structure, and linear optical spectra is used to interpret transient absorption spectra and kinetic energy spectral densities computed for the systems excited by ultrashort laser fields. By disentangling the effects of the electronic and vibrational dynamics via ad hoc simulations with stationary and moving ions, and, in specific cases, with the aid of auxiliary model systems, we rationalize that the nuclear motion is mainly harmonic in the neutral species, while strong anharmonic oscillations emerge in the cation, driven by electronic coherence. Our results provide additional insights into the ultrafast vibronic dynamics of pyrene and related compounds and set the stage for future investigations on more complex carbon-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Herperger
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada.,Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jannis Krumland
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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10
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Popp W, Brey D, Binder R, Burghardt I. Quantum Dynamics of Exciton Transport and Dissociation in Multichromophoric Systems. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:591-616. [PMID: 33636997 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090419-040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Due to the subtle interplay of site-to-site electronic couplings, exciton delocalization, nonadiabatic effects, and vibronic couplings, quantum dynamical studies are needed to elucidate the details of ultrafast photoinduced energy and charge transfer events in organic multichromophoric systems. In this vein, we review an approach that combines first-principles parameterized lattice Hamiltonians with accurate quantum dynamical simulations using advanced multiconfigurational methods. Focusing on the elementary transfer steps in organic functional materials, we address coherent exciton migration and creation of charge transfer excitons in homopolymers, notably representative of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) material, as well as exciton dissociation at polymer:fullerene heterojunctions. We emphasize the role of coherent transfer, trapping effects due to high-frequency phonon modes, and thermal activation due to low-frequency soft modes that drive a diffusive dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wjatscheslaw Popp
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Dominik Brey
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Robert Binder
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
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11
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Krumland J, Valencia AM, Pittalis S, Rozzi CA, Cocchi C. Understanding real-time time-dependent density-functional theory simulations of ultrafast laser-induced dynamics in organic molecules. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:054106. [PMID: 32770886 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time time-dependent density functional theory, in conjunction with the Ehrenfest molecular dynamics scheme, is becoming a popular methodology to investigate ultrafast phenomena on the nanoscale. Thanks to recent developments, it is also possible to explicitly include in the simulations a time-dependent laser pulse, thereby accessing the transient excitation regime. However, the complexity entailed in these calculations calls for in-depth analysis of the accessible and yet approximate (either "dressed" or "bare") quantities in order to evaluate their ability to provide us with a realistic picture of the simulated processes. In this work, we analyze the ultrafast dynamics of three small molecules (ethylene, benzene, and thiophene) excited by a resonant laser pulse in the framework of the adiabatic local-density approximation. The electronic response to the laser perturbation in terms of induced dipole moment and excited-state population is compared to the results given by an exactly solvable two-level model. In this way, we can interpret the charge-carrier dynamics in terms of simple estimators, such as the number of excited electrons. From the computed transient absorption spectra, we unravel the appearance of nonlinear effects such as excited-state absorption and vibronic coupling. In this way, we observe that the laser excitation affects the vibrational spectrum by enhancing the anharmonicities therein, while the coherent vibrational motion contributes to stabilizing the electronic excitation already within a few tens of femtoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Krumland
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana M Valencia
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Caterina Cocchi
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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13
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Perfetto E, Trabattoni A, Calegari F, Nisoli M, Marini A, Stefanucci G. Ultrafast Quantum Interference in the Charge Migration of Tryptophan. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:891-899. [PMID: 31944766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extreme-ultraviolet-induced charge migration in biorelevant molecules is a fundamental step in the complex path leading to photodamage. In this work we propose a simple interpretation of the charge migration recently observed in an attosecond pump-probe experiment on the amino acid tryptophan. We find that the decay of the prominent low-frequency spectral structure with increasing pump-probe delay is due to a quantum beating between two geometrically distinct, almost degenerate charge oscillations. Quantum beating is ubiquitous in these systems, and at least on the few-to-tens of femtosecond time scales, it may dominate over decoherence the line intensities of time-resolved spectra. We also address the experimentally observed phase shift in the charge oscillations of two different amino acids, tryptophan and phenylalanine. Our results indicate that a beyond mean-field treatment of the electron dynamics is necessary to reproduce the correct behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Perfetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
- CNR-ISM , Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3 , I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - A Trabattoni
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) , DESY , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - F Calegari
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) , DESY , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies , IFN-CNR , 20133 Milano , Italy
- Institut fur Experimentalphysik , Universität Hamburg , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - M Nisoli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies , IFN-CNR , 20133 Milano , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Politecnico di Milano , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - A Marini
- CNR-ISM , Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3 , I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - G Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
- INFN , Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
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14
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Yang L, Reimers JR, Kobayashi R, Hush NS. Competition between charge migration and charge transfer induced by nuclear motion following core ionization: Model systems and application to Li 2. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:124108. [PMID: 31575213 DOI: 10.1063/1.5117246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Attosecond and femtosecond spectroscopies present opportunities for the control of chemical reaction dynamics and products, as well as for quantum information processing; we address the somewhat unique situation of core-ionization spectroscopy which, for dimeric chromophores, leads to strong valence charge localization and hence tightly paired potential-energy surfaces of very similar shape. Application is made to the quantum dynamics of core-ionized Li2 +. This system is chosen as Li2 is the simplest stable molecule facilitating both core ionization and valence ionization. First, the quantum dynamics of some model surfaces are considered, with the surprising result that subtle differences in shape between core-ionization paired surfaces can lead to dramatic differences in the interplay between electronic charge migration and charge transfer induced by nuclear motion. Then, equation-of-motion coupled-cluster calculations are applied to determine potential-energy surfaces for 8 core-excited state pairs, calculations believed to be the first of their type for other than the lowest-energy core-ionized molecular pair. While known results for the lowest-energy pair suggest that Li2 + is unsuitable for studying charge migration, higher-energy pairs are predicted to yield results showing competition between charge migration and charge transfer. Central is a focus on the application of Hush's 1975 theory for core-ionized X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to understand the shapes of the potential-energy surfaces and hence predict key features of charge migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Yang
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures and Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jeffrey R Reimers
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rika Kobayashi
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures and Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Noel S Hush
- School of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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15
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Zhou Q, Shen C, Lu X, Ma R, Song P. Photoinduced charge transfer rate of Cy3/C 60 blend material. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 220:117145. [PMID: 31141784 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rates of charge separation and charge recombination of the cyanine dye/C60 heterojunction solar cell in an external electric field were provided using the Marcus and Marcus-Levich-Jortner formalisms. The vibrational mode as another influencing factor was also introduced into the rate expression for the planar heterojunction solar cell. Detailed theoretical analysis of the excited-state of the Cy3/C60 blend was achieved using density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. The Gibbs free energy was regulated by an external electric field, while the reorganisation energy presented the opposite conclusion. Frequency analysis was utilised to demonstrate the energy stability of the obtained structures. The rate calculated using the Marcus formalism was greater than that obtained by the Marcus-Levich-Jortner formalism. Consideration of the calculated rates in all vibration modes and at different external electric field strengths indicated that vibrational mode and external electric field played important roles in determining the rates of charge separate and charge recombination, which could provide a more accurate theoretical rate for organic photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhou
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Cong Shen
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Ri Ma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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16
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Perfetto E, Sangalli D, Palummo M, Marini A, Stefanucci G. First-Principles Nonequilibrium Green’s Function Approach to Ultrafast Charge Migration in Glycine. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4526-4534. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Perfetto
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3, I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - D. Sangalli
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3, I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - M. Palummo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - A. Marini
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3, I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - G. Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Wang L, Allodi MA, Engel GS. Quantum coherences reveal excited-state dynamics in biophysical systems. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Coccia E, Troiani F, Corni S. Probing quantum coherence in ultrafast molecular processes: Anab initioapproach to open quantum systems. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:204112. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5022976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Coccia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Nanoscience, via Campi 213/A, Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Troiani
- CNR Institute of Nanoscience, via Campi 213/A, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Corni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Nanoscience, via Campi 213/A, Modena, Italy
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Perfetto E, Sangalli D, Marini A, Stefanucci G. Ultrafast Charge Migration in XUV Photoexcited Phenylalanine: A First-Principles Study Based on Real-Time Nonequilibrium Green's Functions. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1353-1358. [PMID: 29494772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The early-stage density oscillations of the electronic charge in molecules irradiated by an attosecond XUV pulse takes place on femto- or subfemtosecond time scales. This ultrafast charge migration process is a central topic in attoscience because it dictates the relaxation pathways of the molecular structure. A predictive quantum theory of ultrafast charge migration should incorporate the atomistic details of the molecule, electronic correlations, and the multitude of ionization channels activated by the broad-bandwidth XUV pulse. We propose a first-principles nonequilibrium Green's function method fulfilling all three requirements and apply it to a recent experiment on the photoexcited phenylalanine amino acid. Our results show that dynamical correlations are necessary for a quantitative overall agreement with the experimental data. In particular, we are able to capture the transient oscillations at frequencies 0.15 and 0.30 PHz in the hole density of the amine group as well as their suppression and the concomitant development of a new oscillation at frequency 0.25 PHz after ∼14 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Perfetto
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3 , I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - D Sangalli
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3 , I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - A Marini
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3 , I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - G Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
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Boström EV, Mikkelsen A, Verdozzi C, Perfetto E, Stefanucci G. Charge Separation in Donor-C 60 Complexes with Real-Time Green Functions: The Importance of Nonlocal Correlations. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:785-792. [PMID: 29266952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We use the nonequilibrium Green function (NEGF) method to perform real-time simulations of the ultrafast electron dynamics of photoexcited donor-C60 complexes modeled by a Pariser-Parr-Pople Hamiltonian. The NEGF results are compared to mean-field Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations to disentangle the role of correlations. Initial benchmarking against numerically highly accurate time-dependent density matrix renormalization group calculations verifies the accuracy of NEGF. We then find that charge-transfer (CT) excitons partially decay into charge separated (CS) states if dynamical nonlocal correlation corrections are included. This CS process occurs in ∼10 fs after photoexcitation. In contrast, the probability of exciton recombination is almost 100% in HF simulations. These results are largely unaffected by nuclear vibrations; the latter become however essential whenever level misalignment hinders the CT process. The robust nature of our findings indicates that ultrafast CS driven by correlation-induced decoherence may occur in many organic nanoscale systems, but it will only be correctly predicted by theoretical treatments that include time-nonlocal correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Viñas Boström
- Lund University , Department of Physics and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Mikkelsen
- Lund University , Department of Physics and NanoLund, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Claudio Verdozzi
- Lund University , Department of Physics and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Enrico Perfetto
- CNR-ISM , Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3, I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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