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Summers AJ, Devadhasan JP, Gu J, Montgomery DC, Fischer B, Gates-Hollingsworth MA, Pflughoeft KJ, Vo-Dinh T, AuCoin DP, Zenhausern F. Optimization of an Antibody Microarray Printing Process Using a Designed Experiment. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32262-32271. [PMID: 36120062 PMCID: PMC9476517 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibody microarrays have proven useful in immunoassay-based point-of-care diagnostics for infectious diseases. Noncontact piezoelectric inkjet printing has advantages to print antibody microarrays on nitrocellulose substrates for this application due to its compatibility with sensitive solutions and substrates, simple droplet control, and potential for high-capacity printing. However, there remain real-world challenges in printing such microarrays, which motivated this study. The effects of three concentrations of capture antibody (cAb) reagents and nozzle hydrostatic pressures were chosen to investigate three responses: the number of printed membrane disks, dispensing performance, and microarray quality. Printing conditions were found to be most ideal with 5 mg/mL cAb and a nozzle hydrostatic pressure near zero, which produced 130 membrane disks in a single print versus the 10 membrane disks per print before optimization. These results serve to inform efficient printing of antibody microarrays on nitrocellulose membranes for rapid immunoassay-based detection of infectious diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Summers
- Center
for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Jasmine P. Devadhasan
- Center
for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Jian Gu
- Center
for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, The University
of Arizona, College of Medicine, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United
States
| | - Douglas C. Montgomery
- School
of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1004, United States
| | - Brittany Fischer
- School
of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1004, United States
| | | | - Kathryn J. Pflughoeft
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557-0705, United States
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Fitzpatrick
Institute for Photonics, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and
Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281, United States
| | - David P. AuCoin
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557-0705, United States
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center
for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, The University
of Arizona, College of Medicine, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United
States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The University
of Arizona, College of Engineering, 1127 E James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United
States
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Sekar PK, Liang XM, Kahng SJ, Shu Z, Dichiara AB, Chung JH, Wu Y, Gao D. Simultaneous multiparameter whole blood hemostasis assessment using a carbon nanotube-paper composite capacitance sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113786. [PMID: 34801797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate clinical assessment of hemostasis is essential for managing patients who undergo invasive procedures, experience hemorrhages, or receive antithrombotic therapies. Hemostasis encompasses an ensemble of interactions between the cellular and non-cellular blood components, but current devices assess only partial aspects of this complex process. In this work, we describe the development of a new approach to simultaneously evaluate coagulation function, platelet count or function, and hematocrit using a carbon nanotube-paper composite (CPC) capacitance sensor. CPC capacitance response to blood clotting at 1.3 MHz provided three sensing parameters with distinctive sensitivities towards multiple clotting elements. Whole blood-based hemostasis assessments were conducted to demonstrate the potential utility of the developed sensor for various hemostatic conditions, including pathological conditions, such as hemophilia and thrombocytopenia. Results showed good agreements when compared to a conventional thromboelastography. Overall, the presented CPC capacitance sensor is a promising new biomedical device for convenient non-contact whole-blood based comprehensive hemostasis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Sekar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xin M Liang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, VA Boston Healthcare System, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Seong-Joong Kahng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Zhiquan Shu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; School of Engineering and Technology, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98402, USA
| | - Anthony B Dichiara
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jae-Hyun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yanyun Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Dayong Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Abstract
Smart materials are a kind of functional materials which can sense and response to environmental conditions or stimuli from optical, electrical, magnetic mechanical, thermal, and chemical signals, etc. Patterning of smart materials is the key to achieving large-scale arrays of functional devices. Over the last decades, printing methods including inkjet printing, template-assisted printing, and 3D printing are extensively investigated and utilized in fabricating intelligent micro/nano devices, as printing strategies allow for constructing multidimensional and multimaterial architectures. Great strides in printable smart materials are opening new possibilities for functional devices to better serve human beings, such as wearable sensors, integrated optoelectronics, artificial neurons, and so on. However, there are still many challenges and drawbacks that need to be overcome in order to achieve the controllable modulation between smart materials and device performance. In this review, we give an overview on printable smart materials, printing strategies, and applications of printed functional devices. In addition, the advantages in actual practices of printing smart materials-based devices are discussed, and the current limitations and future opportunities are proposed. This review aims to summarize the recent progress and provide reference for novel smart materials and printing strategies as well as applications of intelligent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road no.19A, 100049 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road no.19A, 100049 Beijing, P. R. China
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Characterization of Inkjet-Printed Digital Microfluidics Devices. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093064. [PMID: 33924812 PMCID: PMC8125221 DOI: 10.3390/s21093064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) devices enable precise manipulation of small liquid volumes in point-of-care testing. A printed circuit board (PCB) substrate is commonly utilized to build DMF devices. However, inkjet printing can be used to fabricate DMF circuits, providing a less expensive alternative to PCB-based DMF designs while enabling more rapid design iteration cycles. We demonstrate the cleanroom-free fabrication process of a low-cost inkjet-printed DMF circuit. We compare Kapton and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as dielectric coatings by measuring the minimal droplet actuation voltage for a range of actuation frequencies. A minimum actuation voltage of 5.6 V was required for droplet movement with the PMMA layer thickness of 0.2 μm and a hydrophobic layer of 0.17 μm. Significant issues with PMMA dielectric breakdown were observed at actuation voltages above 10 V. In comparison, devices that utilized Kapton were found to be more robust, even at an actuation voltage up to 100 V.
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Optimizing Aerosol Jet Printing Process of Platinum Ink for High-Resolution Conductive Microstructures on Ceramic and Polymer Substrates. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060918. [PMID: 33809782 PMCID: PMC8002352 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Printing nano-ink with platinum nanoparticles to generate conductive microstructures for electronics on different types of substrates has gained increasing interest in recent years. To solve the problem of the low conductivity of platinum (Pt) nano-ink, we synthesized chemically pure Pt nanoparticles with sizes of 18.2 ± 9.0 nm by spark discharge method. A low toxic solvent, ethylene glycol with water, was used to ensure the aggregation stability of Pt nanoparticles. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as an adhesive additive and binder in the nano-ink. Narrow and conductive Pt lines were generated by aerosol jet printing technology. The resistivity of the Pt lines sintered at 750 °C on alumina substrate was found to exceed the bulk Pt by about 13%. Moreover, the Pt film fabricated on polymer substrates has demonstrated excellent mechanical flexibility in terms of twisting tests.
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Efimov AA, Arsenov PV, Borisov VI, Buchnev AI, Lizunova AA, Kornyushin DV, Tikhonov SS, Musaev AG, Urazov MN, Shcherbakov MI, Spirin DV, Ivanov VV. Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Spark Discharge as a Facile and Versatile Technique of Preparing Highly Conductive Pt Nano-Ink for Printed Electronics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:234. [PMID: 33477440 PMCID: PMC7830501 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A cost-effective, scalable and versatile method of preparing nano-ink without hazardous chemical precursors is a prerequisite for widespread adoption of printed electronics. Precursor-free synthesis by spark discharge is promising for this purpose. The synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) using a spark discharge under Ar, N2, and air has been investigated to prepare highly conductive nano-ink. The size, chemical composition, and mass production rate of PtNPs significantly depended on the carrier gas. Pure metallic PtNPs with sizes of 5.5 ± 1.8 and 7.1 ± 2.4 nm were formed under Ar and N2, respectively. PtNPs with sizes of 18.2 ± 9.0 nm produced using air consisted of amorphous oxide PtO and metallic Pt. The mass production rates of PtNPs were 53 ± 6, 366 ± 59, and 490 ± 36 mg/h using a spark discharge under Ar, N2, and air, respectively. It was found that the energy dissipated in the spark gap is not a significant parameter that determines the mass production rate. Stable Pt nano-ink (25 wt.%) was prepared only on the basis of PtNPs synthesized under air. Narrow (about 30 μm) and conductive Pt lines were formed by the aerosol jet printing with prepared nano-ink. The resistivity of the Pt lines sintered at 750 °C was (1.2 ± 0.1)·10-7 Ω·m, which is about 1.1 times higher than that of bulk Pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Efimov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Pavel V. Arsenov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Vladislav I. Borisov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Arseny I. Buchnev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Anna A. Lizunova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Denis V. Kornyushin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Sergey S. Tikhonov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Andrey G. Musaev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Maxim N. Urazov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Mikhail I. Shcherbakov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 125009 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Victor V. Ivanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
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Kahng SJ, Soelberg SD, Fondjo F, Kim JH, Furlong CE, Chung JH. Carbon nanotube-based thin-film resistive sensor for point-of-care screening of tuberculosis. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:50. [PMID: 32725281 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For point-of-care diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), current TB diagnostic approaches need to be further improved for achieving an accurate diagnosis that is rapid and low-cost. This paper presents an immuno-resistive sensor on a plastic film for inexpensive, simple TB screening. The sensor is composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) functionalized with polyclonal antibodies raised against the MPT64 surface antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The target analyte of either MTB or MPT64 is spiked in tongue swab and sputum samples. Under optimized conditions, targets are directly detected from tongue swab samples by resistive measurement. Target analytes spiked into human sputa are enriched with a magnetic bead protocol followed by resistive detection. This highly sensitive film sensor will facilitate rapid TB screening with the added benefits of a small form factor, simple operation, low power requirement, and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joong Kahng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Scott D Soelberg
- Departments of Medicine-Division of Medical Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Fabrice Fondjo
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA
| | - Clement E Furlong
- Departments of Medicine-Division of Medical Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jae-Hyun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Efimov A, Arsenov P, Kornyushin D, Lizunova A, Volkov I, Ivanov V. Aerosol Jet Printing of Silver Lines with A High Aspect Ratio on A Heated Silicon Substrate. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030730. [PMID: 32033471 PMCID: PMC7040915 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we studied the formation of conductive silver lines with high aspect ratios (AR = thickness/width) > 0.1 using the modernized method of aerosol jet printing on a heated silicon substrate. The geometric (AR) and electrical (resistivity) parameters of the formed lines were investigated depending on the number of printing layers (1–10 layers) and the temperature of the substrate (25–300 °C). The AR of the lines increased as the number of printing layers and the temperature of the substrate increased. An increase in the AR of the lines with increasing substrate temperature was associated with a decrease in the ink spreading as a result of an increase in the rate of evaporation of nano-ink. Moreover, with an increase in the substrate temperature of more than 200 °C, a significant increase in the porosity of the formed lines was observed, and as a result, the electrical resistivity of the lines increased significantly. Taking into account the revealed regularities, it was demonstrated that the formation of silver lines with a high AR > 0.1 and a low electrical resistivity of 2–3 μΩ∙cm is advisable to be carried out at a substrate temperature of about 100 °C. The adhesion strength of silver films formed on a heated silicon substrate is 2.8 ± 0.9 N/mm2, which further confirms the suitability of the investigated method of aerosol jet printing for electronic applications.
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