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Zhang YH, Liu SJ, Chen P, Zhu D, Chen W, Ge SJ, Wang Y, Zhang ZF, Lu YQ. Logical rotation of non-separable states via uniformly self-assembled chiral superstructures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1108. [PMID: 38321000 PMCID: PMC10847456 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The next generation of high-capacity, multi-task optical informatics requires sophisticated manipulation of multiple degrees of freedom (DoFs) of light, especially when they are coupled in a non-separable way. Vector beam, as a typical non-separable state between the spin and orbital angular momentum DoFs, mathematically akin to entangled qubits, has inspired multifarious theories and applications in both quantum and classical regimes. Although qubit rotation is a vital and ubiquitous operation in quantum informatics, its classical analogue is rarely studied. Here, we demonstrate the logical rotation of vectorial non-separable states via the uniform self-assembled chiral superstructures, with favorable controllability, high compactness and exemption from formidable alignment. Photonic band engineering of such 1D chiral photonic crystal renders the incident-angle-dependent evolution of the spatially-variant polarizations. The logical rotation angle of a non-separable state can be tuned in a wide range over 4π by this single homogeneous device, flexibly providing a set of distinguished logic gates. Potential applications, including angular motion tracking and proof-of-principle logic network, are demonstrated by specific configuration. This work brings important insight into soft matter photonics and present an elegant strategy to harness high-dimensional photonic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Jia Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
| | - Dong Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Jun Ge
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Qing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
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Roccati F, Militello B, Fiordilino E, Iaria R, Burderi L, Di Salvo T, Ciccarello F. Quantum correlations beyond entanglement in a classical-channel model of gravity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17641. [PMID: 36271240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct quantization of the Newtonian interaction between two masses is known to establish entanglement, which if detected would witness the quantum nature of the gravitational field. Gravitational interaction is yet compatible also with gravitational decoherence models relying on classical channels, hence unable to create entanglement. Here, we show in paradigmatic cases that, despite the absence of entanglement, a classical-channel model of gravity can still establish quantum correlations in the form of quantum discord between two masses. This is demonstrated for the Kafri-Taylor-Milburn (KTM) model and a recently proposed dissipative extension of this. In both cases, starting from an uncorrelated state, a significant amount of discord is generally created. This eventually decays in the KTM model, while it converges to a small stationary value in its dissipative extension. We also find that initial local squeezing on the state of the masses can significanlty enhance the generated discord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Roccati
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Benedetto Militello
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123, Palermo, Italy.,INFN Sezione di Catania, via Santa Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Emilio Fiordilino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Iaria
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luciano Burderi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SP Monserrato-Sestu, KM 0.7, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Tiziana Di Salvo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccarello
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica - Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123, Palermo, Italy.,NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
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Król M, Rechcińska K, Sigurdsson H, Oliwa P, Mazur R, Morawiak P, Piecek W, Kula P, Lagoudakis PG, Matuszewski M, Bardyszewski W, Piętka B, Szczytko J. Realizing Optical Persistent Spin Helix and Stern-Gerlach Deflection in an Anisotropic Liquid Crystal Microcavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:190401. [PMID: 34797125 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.190401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit interactions which couple the spin of a particle with its momentum degrees of freedom lie at the center of spintronic applications. Of special interest in semiconductor physics are Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. When equal in strength, the Rashba and Dresselhaus fields result in SU(2) spin rotation symmetry and emergence of the persistent spin helix only investigated for charge carriers in semiconductor quantum wells. Recently, a synthetic Rashba-Dresselhaus Hamiltonian was shown to describe cavity photons confined in a microcavity filled with optically anisotropic liquid crystal. In this Letter, we present a purely optical realization of two types of spin patterns corresponding to the persistent spin helix and the Stern-Gerlach experiment in such a cavity. We show how the symmetry of the Hamiltonian results in spatial oscillations of the spin orientation of photons traveling in the plane of the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Król
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rechcińska
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helgi Sigurdsson
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, Moscow 121205, Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Przemysław Oliwa
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Mazur
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, PL-00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Morawiak
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, PL-00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Piecek
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, PL-00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, PL-00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pavlos G Lagoudakis
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, Moscow 121205, Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michał Matuszewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotników 32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Bardyszewski
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Piętka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Szczytko
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Khrennikov A. Is the Devil in h? ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23050632. [PMID: 34069443 PMCID: PMC8159144 DOI: 10.3390/e23050632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This note is a part of my effort to rid quantum mechanics (QM) nonlocality. Quantum nonlocality is a two faced Janus: one face is a genuine quantum mechanical nonlocality (defined by the Lüders' projection postulate). Another face is the nonlocality of the hidden variables model that was invented by Bell. This paper is devoted the deconstruction of the latter. The main casualty of Bell's model is that it straightforwardly contradicts Heisenberg's uncertainty and Bohr's complementarity principles generally. Thus, we do not criticize the derivation or interpretation of the Bell inequality (as was done by numerous authors). Our critique is directed against the model as such. The original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) argument assumed the Heisenberg's principle without questioning its validity. Hence, the arguments of EPR and Bell differ crucially, and it is necessary to establish the physical ground of the aforementioned principles. This is the quantum postulate: the existence of an indivisible quantum of action given by the Planck constant. Bell's approach with hidden variables implicitly implies rejection of the quantum postulate, since the latter is the basis of the reference principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Khrennikov
- International Center for Mathematical Modeling in Physics and Cognitive Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-351 95 Växjö, Sweden
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Zhan Q. Entanglement goes classically high-dimensional. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:81. [PMID: 33859161 PMCID: PMC8050202 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00521-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laser beams from a customarily designed resonator can produce vectorial structured light fields as classical analogs to high-dimensional multipartite quantum entangled states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Zhan
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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Shen Y, Nape I, Yang X, Fu X, Gong M, Naidoo D, Forbes A. Creation and control of high-dimensional multi-partite classically entangled light. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:50. [PMID: 33686054 PMCID: PMC7940607 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Vector beams, non-separable in spatial mode and polarisation, have emerged as enabling tools in many diverse applications, from communication to imaging. This applicability has been achieved by sophisticated laser designs controlling the spin and orbital angular momentum, but so far is restricted to only two-dimensional states. Here we demonstrate the first vectorially structured light created and fully controlled in eight dimensions, a new state-of-the-art. We externally modulate our beam to control, for the first time, the complete set of classical Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states in paraxial structured light beams, in analogy with high-dimensional multi-partite quantum entangled states, and introduce a new tomography method to verify their fidelity. Our complete theoretical framework reveals a rich parameter space for further extending the dimensionality and degrees of freedom, opening new pathways for vectorially structured light in the classical and quantum regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Shen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa.
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Isaac Nape
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa
| | - Xilin Yang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Mali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Darryl Naidoo
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa
- CSIR National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Andrew Forbes
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa.
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Paneru D, Cohen E, Fickler R, Boyd RW, Karimi E. Entanglement: quantum or classical? REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:064001. [PMID: 32235071 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab85b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
From its seemingly non-intuitive and puzzling nature, most evident in numerous EPR-like gedanken experiments to its almost ubiquitous presence in quantum technologies, entanglement is at the heart of modern quantum physics. First introduced by Erwin Schrödinger nearly a century ago, entanglement has remained one of the most fascinating ideas that came out of quantum mechanics. Here, we attempt to explain what makes entanglement fundamentally different from any classical phenomenon. To this end, we start with a historical overview of entanglement and discuss several hidden variables models that were conceived to provide a classical explanation and demystify quantum entanglement. We discuss some inequalities and bounds that are violated by quantum states thereby falsifying the existence of some of the classical hidden variables theories. We also discuss some exciting manifestations of entanglement, such as N00N states and the non-separable single particle states. We conclude by discussing some contemporary results regarding quantum correlations and present a future outlook for the research of quantum entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Paneru
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5 Canada
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Khrennikov A. Two Faced Janus of Quantum Nonlocality. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22030303. [PMID: 33286077 PMCID: PMC7516761 DOI: 10.3390/e22030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper is a new step towards understanding why "quantum nonlocality" is a misleading concept. Metaphorically speaking, "quantum nonlocality" is Janus faced. One face is an apparent nonlocality of the Lüders projection and another face is Bell nonlocality (a wrong conclusion that the violation of Bell type inequalities implies the existence of mysterious instantaneous influences between distant physical systems). According to the Lüders projection postulate, a quantum measurement performed on one of the two distant entangled physical systems modifies their compound quantum state instantaneously. Therefore, if the quantum state is considered to be an attribute of the individual physical system and if one assumes that experimental outcomes are produced in a perfectly random way, one quickly arrives at the contradiction. It is a primary source of speculations about a spooky action at a distance. Bell nonlocality as defined above was explained and rejected by several authors; thus, we concentrate in this paper on the apparent nonlocality of the Lüders projection. As already pointed out by Einstein, the quantum paradoxes disappear if one adopts the purely statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics (QM). In the statistical interpretation of QM, if probabilities are considered to be objective properties of random experiments we show that the Lüders projection corresponds to the passage from joint probabilities describing all set of data to some marginal conditional probabilities describing some particular subsets of data. If one adopts a subjective interpretation of probabilities, such as QBism, then the Lüders projection corresponds to standard Bayesian updating of the probabilities. The latter represents degrees of beliefs of local agents about outcomes of individual measurements which are placed or which will be placed at distant locations. In both approaches, probability-transformation does not happen in the physical space, but only in the information space. Thus, all speculations about spooky interactions or spooky predictions at a distance are simply misleading. Coming back to Bell nonlocality, we recall that in a recent paper we demonstrated, using exclusively the quantum formalism, that CHSH inequalities may be violated for some quantum states only because of the incompatibility of quantum observables and Bohr's complementarity. Finally, we explain that our criticism of quantum nonlocality is in the spirit of Hertz-Boltzmann methodology of scientific theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Khrennikov
- International Center for Mathematical Modeling in Physics and Cognitive Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-351 95 Växjö, Sweden
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