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Lemière J, Chang F. Quantifying turgor pressure in budding and fission yeasts based upon osmotic properties. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar133. [PMID: 37903220 PMCID: PMC10848946 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Walled cells, such as plants, fungi, and bacteria cells, possess a high internal hydrostatic pressure, termed turgor pressure, that drives volume growth and contributes to cell shape determination. Rigorous measurement of turgor pressure, however, remains challenging, and reliable quantitative measurements, even in budding yeast are still lacking. Here, we present a simple and robust experimental approach to access turgor pressure in yeasts based upon the determination of isotonic concentration using protoplasts as osmometers. We propose three methods to identify the isotonic condition - three-dimensional cell volume, cytoplasmic fluorophore intensity, and mobility of a cytGEMs nano-rheology probe - that all yield consistent values. Our results provide turgor pressure estimates of 1.0 ± 0.1 MPa for Schizosaccharomyces pombe, 0.49 ± 0.01 MPa for Schizosaccharomyces japonicus, 0.5 ± 0.1 MPa for Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303a and 0.31 ± 0.03 MPa for Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741. Large differences in turgor pressure and nano-rheology measurements between the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains demonstrate how fundamental biophysical parameters can vary even among wild-type strains of the same species. These side-by-side measurements of turgor pressure in multiple yeast species provide critical values for quantitative studies on cellular mechanics and comparative evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Lemière
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Fred Chang
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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Vian A, Pochitaloff M, Yen ST, Kim S, Pollock J, Liu Y, Sletten EM, Campàs O. In situ quantification of osmotic pressure within living embryonic tissues. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7023. [PMID: 37919265 PMCID: PMC10622550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanics is known to play a fundamental role in many cellular and developmental processes. Beyond active forces and material properties, osmotic pressure is believed to control essential cell and tissue characteristics. However, it remains very challenging to perform in situ and in vivo measurements of osmotic pressure. Here we introduce double emulsion droplet sensors that enable local measurements of osmotic pressure intra- and extra-cellularly within 3D multicellular systems, including living tissues. After generating and calibrating the sensors, we measure the osmotic pressure in blastomeres of early zebrafish embryos as well as in the interstitial fluid between the cells of the blastula by monitoring the size of droplets previously inserted in the embryo. Our results show a balance between intracellular and interstitial osmotic pressures, with values of approximately 0.7 MPa, but a large pressure imbalance between the inside and outside of the embryo. The ability to measure osmotic pressure in 3D multicellular systems, including developing embryos and organoids, will help improve our understanding of its role in fundamental biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Vian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie Pochitaloff
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shuo-Ting Yen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Pollock
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Yucen Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Otger Campàs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Lemière J, Chang F. Quantifying turgor pressure in budding and fission yeasts based upon osmotic properties. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.07.544129. [PMID: 37333400 PMCID: PMC10274794 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.544129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Walled cells, such as plants, fungi, and bacteria cells, possess a high internal hydrostatic pressure, termed turgor pressure, that drives volume growth and contributes to cell shape determination. Rigorous measurement of turgor pressure, however, remains challenging, and reliable quantitative measurements, even in budding yeast are still lacking. Here, we present a simple and robust experimental approach to access turgor pressure in yeasts based upon the determination of isotonic concentration using protoplasts as osmometers. We propose three methods to identify the isotonic condition - 3D cell volume, cytoplasmic fluorophore intensity, and mobility of a cytGEMs nano-rheology probe - that all yield consistent values. Our results provide turgor pressure estimates of 1.0 ± 0.1 MPa for S. pombe, 0.49 ± 0.01 MPa for S. japonicus, 0.5 ± 0.1 MPa for S. cerevisiae W303a and 0.31 ± 0.03 MPa for S. cerevisiae BY4741. Large differences in turgor pressure and nano-rheology measurements between the S. cerevisiae strains demonstrate how fundamental biophysical parameters can vary even among wildtype strains of the same species. These side-by-side measurements of turgor pressure in multiple yeast species provide critical values for quantitative studies on cellular mechanics and comparative evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Lemière
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fred Chang
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of San Francisco, CA, USA
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