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Galyamin D, Torrero J, Rodríguez I, Kolb MJ, Ferrer P, Pascual L, Salam MA, Gianolio D, Celorrio V, Mokhtar M, Garcia Sanchez D, Gago AS, Friedrich KA, Peña MA, Alonso JA, Calle-Vallejo F, Retuerto M, Rojas S. Active and durable R 2MnRuO 7 pyrochlores with low Ru content for acidic oxygen evolution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2010. [PMID: 37037807 PMCID: PMC10086044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of green hydrogen in water electrolyzers is limited by the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). State-of-the-art electrocatalysts are based on Ir. Ru electrocatalysts are a suitable alternative provided their performance is improved. Here we show that low-Ru-content pyrochlores (R2MnRuO7, R = Y, Tb and Dy) display high activity and durability for the OER in acidic media. Y2MnRuO7 is the most stable catalyst, displaying 1.5 V at 10 mA cm-2 for 40 h, or 5000 cycles up to 1.7 V. Computational and experimental results show that the high performance is owed to Ru sites embedded in RuMnOx surface layers. A water electrolyser with Y2MnRuO7 (with only 0.2 mgRu cm-2) reaches 1 A cm-2 at 1.75 V, remaining stable at 200 mA cm-2 for more than 24 h. These results encourage further investigation on Ru catalysts in which a partial replacement of Ru by inexpensive cations can enhance the OER performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Galyamin
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC. C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Torrero
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics/Electrochemical Energy Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Isabel Rodríguez
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC. C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel J Kolb
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Fisica & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Ferrer
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Laura Pascual
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC. C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohamed Abdel Salam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diego Gianolio
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Verónica Celorrio
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Mohamed Mokhtar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel Garcia Sanchez
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics/Electrochemical Energy Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aldo Saul Gago
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics/Electrochemical Energy Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kaspar Andreas Friedrich
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics/Electrochemical Energy Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Miguel A Peña
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC. C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Alonso
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC. C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Fisica & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Department of Advanced Materials and Polymers: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza de Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - María Retuerto
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC. C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Rojas
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC. C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Retuerto M, Pascual L, Torrero J, Salam MA, Tolosana-Moranchel Á, Gianolio D, Ferrer P, Kayser P, Wilke V, Stiber S, Celorrio V, Mokthar M, Sanchez DG, Gago AS, Friedrich KA, Peña MA, Alonso JA, Rojas S. Highly active and stable OER electrocatalysts derived from Sr 2MIrO 6 for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7935. [PMID: 36566246 PMCID: PMC9789951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis is a promising technology to produce green hydrogen from renewables, as it can efficiently achieve high current densities. Lowering iridium amount in oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts is critical for achieving cost-effective production of green hydrogen. In this work, we develop catalysts from Ir double perovskites. Sr2CaIrO6 achieves 10 mA cm-2 at only 1.48 V. The surface of the perovskite reconstructs when immersed in an acidic electrolyte and during the first catalytic cycles, resulting in a stable surface conformed by short-range order edge-sharing IrO6 octahedra arranged in an open structure responsible for the high performance. A proton exchange membrane water electrolysis cell is developed with Sr2CaIrO6 as anode and low Ir loading (0.4 mgIr cm-2). The cell achieves 2.40 V at 6 A cm-2 (overload) and no loss in performance at a constant 2 A cm-2 (nominal load). Thus, reducing Ir use without compromising efficiency and lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Retuerto
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC. C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Pascual
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC. C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Torrero
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics/Electrochemical Energy Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mohamed Abdel Salam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Álvaro Tolosana-Moranchel
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC. C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Gianolio
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Pilar Ferrer
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Paula Kayser
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC. C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincent Wilke
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics/Electrochemical Energy Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Svenja Stiber
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics/Electrochemical Energy Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Verónica Celorrio
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Mohamed Mokthar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel García Sanchez
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics/Electrochemical Energy Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aldo Saul Gago
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics/Electrochemical Energy Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kaspar Andreas Friedrich
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics/Electrochemical Energy Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Miguel Antonio Peña
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC. C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Alonso
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC. C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Rojas
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC. C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Xu R, Kang L, Papanikolaou KG, Wang B, Marlow S, He Q, Zhang P, Wang J, Brett DJ, Stamatakis M, Ryan Wang F. Improving the ORR Performance by Enhancing the Pt Oxidation Resistance. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Leshchev D, Rakitin M, Luvizotto B, Kadyrov R, Ravel B, Attenkofer K, Stavitski E. The Inner Shell Spectroscopy beamline at NSLS-II: a facility for in situ and operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy for materials research. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1095-1106. [PMID: 35787577 PMCID: PMC9255565 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752200460x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The Inner Shell Spectroscopy (ISS) beamline on the 8-ID station at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Upton, NY, USA, is a high-throughput X-ray absorption spectroscopy beamline designed for in situ, operando, and time-resolved material characterization using high monochromatic flux and scanning speed. This contribution discusses the technical specifications of the beamline in terms of optics, heat load management, monochromator motion control, and data acquisition and processing. Results of the beamline tests demonstrating the quality of the data obtainable on the instrument, possible energy scanning speeds, as well as long-term beamline stability are shown. The ability to directly control the monochromator trajectory to define the acquisition time for each spectral region is highlighted. Examples of studies performed on the beamline are presented. The paper is concluded with a brief outlook for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Leshchev
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Maksim Rakitin
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Bruno Luvizotto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Ruslan Kadyrov
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Bruce Ravel
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Material Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Klaus Attenkofer
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Eli Stavitski
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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5
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García Á, Haynes T, Retuerto M, Ferrer P, Pascual L, Peña MA, Abdel Salam M, Mokhtar M, Gianolio D, Rojas S. Effect of the Thermal Treatment of Fe/N/C Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Synthesized by Pyrolysis of Covalent Organic Frameworks. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:18759-18769. [PMID: 34987274 PMCID: PMC8719314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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A nitrogen-containing
covalent organic framework obtained from
the polymerization of 1,3-dicyanobenzene has been used as a starting
material for the synthesis of Fe/N/C catalysts for the oxygen reduction
reaction (ORR). In this work we report the effect of the thermal treatments
on the nature and catalytic properties of the catalysts obtained after
the thermal treatments. After the first thermal treatment, the catalysts
obtained contain metallic iron and iron carbide particles, along with
a minority fraction of inorganic FeNx sites.
After acid leaching and a second thermal treatment, FeNx sites remain in the catalysts, along with a minor
fraction of graphite-wrapped Fe3C particles. Both catalysts
display high activity for the ORR, with the catalyst subjected to
acid leaching and a second thermal treatment, 2HT-1,3DCB, displaying
higher ORR activity and a lower production of H2O2. This observation suggests that iron particles, such as Fe3C, display ORR activity but mainly toward the two-electron pathway.
On the contrary, FeNx ensembles promote
the ORR via the four-electron pathway, that is, via H2O
formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro García
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tarrick Haynes
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Retuerto
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Ferrer
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Pascual
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Peña
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohamed Abdel Salam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mokhtar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diego Gianolio
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Rojas
- Grupo de Energía y Química Sostenibles, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Leach AS, Hack J, Amboage M, Diaz-Moreno S, Huang H, Cullen PL, Wilding M, Magliocca E, Miller TS, Howard CA, Brett DJL, Shearing PR, McMillan PF, Russell AE, Jervis R. A novel fuel cell design for operandoenergy-dispersive x-ray absorption measurements. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:314002. [PMID: 34030140 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been designed to allowoperandox-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of catalysts. The cell has been developed to operate under standard fuel cell conditions, with elevated temperatures and humidification of the gas-phase reactants, both of which greatly impact the catalyst utilisation. X-ray windows in the endplates of the cell facilitate collection of XAS spectra during fuel cell operation while maintaining good compression in the area of measurement. Results of polarisation curves and cyclic voltammograms showed that theoperandocell performs well as a fuel cell, while also providing XAS data of suitable quality for robust XANES analysis. The cell has produced comparable XAS results when performing a cyclic voltammogram to an establishedin situcell when measuring the Pt LIII edge. Similar trends of Pt oxidation, and reduction of the formed Pt oxide, have been presented with a time resolution of 5 s for each spectrum, paving the way for time-resolved spectral measurements of fuel cell catalysts in a fully-operating fuel cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Leach
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - J Hack
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - M Amboage
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - S Diaz-Moreno
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - H Huang
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - P L Cullen
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering and Materials Science (SEMS) and Material Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - M Wilding
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - E Magliocca
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - T S Miller
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - C A Howard
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D J L Brett
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - P R Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - P F McMillan
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratory, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - A E Russell
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Jervis
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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7
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Panchal M, Callison J, Skukauskas V, Gianolio D, Cibin G, York APE, Schuster ME, Hyde TI, Collier P, Catlow CRA, Gibson EK. Operando XAFS investigation on the effect of ash deposition on three-way catalyst used in gasoline particulate filters and the effect of the manufacturing process on the catalytic activity. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:284001. [PMID: 33949972 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abfe16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Platinum group metals such as palladium and rhodium based catalysts are currently being implemented in gasoline particulate filter (GPF) autoexhaust after treatment systems. However, little is known about how the trapped particulate matter, such as the incombustible ash, interacts with the catalyst and so may affect its performance. Thisoperandostudy follows the evolution of the Pd found in two different model GPF systems: one containing ash components extracted from a GPF and another from a catalyst washcoat prior to adhesion onto the GPF. We show that the catalytic activity of the two systems vary when compared with a 0 g ash containing GPF. Compared to the 0 g ash sample the 20 g ash containing sample had a higher CO light off temperature, in addition, an oscillation profile for CO, CO2and O2was observed, which is speculated to be a combination of CO oxidation, C deposition via a Boudouard reaction and further partial oxidation of the deposited species to CO. During the ageing procedure the washcoat sample reduces NO at a lower temperature than the 0 g ash sample. However, post ageing the 0 g ash sample recovers and both samples reduce NO at 310 °C. In comparison, the 20 g ash GPF sample maintains a higher NO reduction temperature of 410 °C post ageing, implying that the combination of high temperature ageing and presence of ash has an irreversible negative effect on catalyst performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monik Panchal
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - June Callison
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Vainius Skukauskas
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Gianolio
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Giannantonio Cibin
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P E York
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blount's Court, Sonning Common, Reading, RG4 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred E Schuster
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blount's Court, Sonning Common, Reading, RG4 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy I Hyde
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blount's Court, Sonning Common, Reading, RG4 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Collier
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blount's Court, Sonning Common, Reading, RG4 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - C Richard A Catlow
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Emma K Gibson
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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8
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Garai D, Solokha V, Wilson A, Carlomagno I, Gupta A, Gupta M, Reddy VR, Meneghini C, Carla F, Morawe C, Zegenhagen J. Studying the onset of galvanic steel corrosion in situusing thin films: film preparation, characterization and application to pitting. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:125001. [PMID: 33339007 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abd523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work reports about a novel approach for investigating surface processes during the early stages of galvanic corrosion of stainless steelin situby employing ultra-thin films and synchrotron x-radiation. Characterized by x-ray techniques and voltammetry, such films, sputter deposited from austenitic steel, were found representing useful replicas of the target material. Typical for stainless steel, the surface consists of a passivation layer of Fe- and Cr-oxides, a couple of nm thick, that is depleted of Ni. Films of ≈4 nm thickness were studiedin situin an electrochemical cell under potential control (-0.6 to +0.8 V vs Ag/AgCl) during exposure to 0.1 M KCl. Material transport was recorded with better than 1/10 monolayer sensitivity by x-ray spectroscopy. Leaching of Fe was observed in the cathodic range and the therefor necessary reduction of Fe-oxide appears to be accelerated by atomic hydrogen. Except for minor leaching, reduction of Ni, while expected from Pourbaix diagram, was not observed until at a potential of about +0.8 V Cr-oxide was removed from the steel film. After couple of minutes exposure at +0.8 V, the current in the electrochemical cell revealed a rapid pitting event that was simultaneously monitored by x-ray spectroscopy. Continuous loss of Cr and Ni was observed during the induction time leading to the pitting, suggesting a causal connection with the event. Finally, a spectroscopic image of a pit was recordedex situwith 50 nm lateral and 1 nm depth resolution by soft x-ray scanning absorption microscopy at the Fe L2,3-edges by using a 80 nm film on a SiN membrane, which is further demonstrating the usefulness of thin films for corrosion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debi Garai
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Amity Centre for Spintronic Materials, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vladyslav Solokha
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Axel Wilson
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Carlomagno
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Universitá Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Amity Centre for Spintronic Materials, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukul Gupta
- UGC-DAE CSR, DAVV campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452017, Madhya Pradesh India
| | | | - Carlo Meneghini
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Universitá Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Jörg Zegenhagen
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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9
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Xu R, Kang L, Knossalla J, Mielby J, Wang Q, Wang B, Feng J, He G, Qin Y, Xie J, Swertz AC, He Q, Kegnæs S, Brett DJL, Schüth F, Wang FR. Nanoporous Carbon: Liquid-Free Synthesis and Geometry-Dependent Catalytic Performance. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2463-2472. [PMID: 30649849 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured carbons with different pore geometries are prepared with a liquid-free nanocasting method. The method uses gases instead of liquid to disperse carbon precursors, leach templates, and remove impurities, minimizing synthetic procedures and the use of chemicals. The method is universal and demonstrated by the synthesis of 12 different porous carbons with various template sources. The effects of pore geometries in catalysis can be isolated and investigated. Two of the resulted materials with different pore geometries are studied as supports for Ru clusters in the hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and electrochemical hydrogen evolution (HER). The porous carbon-supported Ru catalysts outperform commercial ones in both reactions. It was found that Ru on bottleneck pore carbon shows a highest yield in hydrogenolysis of HMF to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) due to a better confinement effect. A wide temperature operation window from 110 to 140 °C, with over 75% yield and 98% selectivity of DMF, has been achieved. Tubular pores enable fast charge transfer in electrochemical HER, requiring only 16 mV overpotential to reach current density of 10 mA·cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , WC1E 7JE London , United Kingdom
| | - Liqun Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , WC1E 7JE London , United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Knossalla
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Jerrik Mielby
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , WC1E 7JE London , United Kingdom
| | - Bolun Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , WC1E 7JE London , United Kingdom
| | - Junrun Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , WC1E 7JE London , United Kingdom
| | - Guanjie He
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , Bloomsbury, WC1H 0AJ London , United Kingdom
| | - Yudao Qin
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , Bloomsbury, WC1H 0AJ London , United Kingdom
| | - Jijia Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , WC1E 7JE London , United Kingdom
| | - Ann-Christin Swertz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Qian He
- Cardiff Catalyst Institute, School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , CF10 3AT Cardiff , United Kingdom )
| | - Søren Kegnæs
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Dan J L Brett
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , WC1E 7JE London , United Kingdom
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Feng Ryan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , Torrington Place , WC1E 7JE London , United Kingdom
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10
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Microdrop Deposition Technique: Preparation and Characterization of Diluted Suspended Particulate Samples. CONDENSED MATTER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat3030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of particulate matter (PM) in dilute solutions is an important target for environmental, geochemical, and biochemical research. Here, we show how microdrop technology may allow the control, through the evaporation of small droplets, of the deposition of insoluble materials dispersed in a solution on a well-defined area with a specific spatial pattern. Using this technology, the superficial density of the deposited solute can be accurately controlled. In particular, it becomes possible to deposit an extremely reduced amount of insoluble material, in the order of few μg on a confined area, thus allowing a relatively high superficial density to be reached within a limited time. In this work, we quantitatively compare the microdrop technique for the preparation of particulate matter samples with the classical filtering technique. After having been optimized, the microdrop technique allows obtaining a more homogeneous deposition and may limit the sample amount up to a factor 25. This method is potentially suitable for many novel applications in different scientific fields such as demanding spectroscopic studies looking at the mineral fraction contained in ice cores or to pollution investigations looking at the detection of heavy metals present in ultra-trace in water.
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11
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Figueroa SJA, Beniz DB, Mauricio JC, Piton JR, Parry SA, Cibin G. Steps towards XAFS beamline automation and remote access. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:953-959. [PMID: 29979155 PMCID: PMC6038596 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518007920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although remote access to beamline synchrotron facilities is now a common operation mode at macromolecular crystallography beamlines thanks to substantial efforts in automated processes for sample preparation and handling, experiment planning and analysis, this is still not the case for XAFS beamlines. Here the experience and developments undertaken at LNLS and Diamond in automation are described, in an attempt to tackle the specific challenges posed by the high variability in experimental conditions and configurations that XAFS measurements require.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago José Alejandro Figueroa
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000/PO Box 6192, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Douglas Bezerra Beniz
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000/PO Box 6192, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Junior Cintra Mauricio
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000/PO Box 6192, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - James Rezende Piton
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000/PO Box 6192, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Stephen A. Parry
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Diamond House, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Giannantonio Cibin
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Diamond House, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
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12
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Diaz-Moreno S, Amboage M, Basham M, Boada R, Bricknell NE, Cibin G, Cobb TM, Filik J, Freeman A, Geraki K, Gianolio D, Hayama S, Ignatyev K, Keenan L, Mikulska I, Mosselmans JFW, Mudd JJ, Parry SA. The Spectroscopy Village at Diamond Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:998-1009. [PMID: 29979161 PMCID: PMC6038600 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518006173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript presents the current status and technical details of the Spectroscopy Village at Diamond Light Source. The Village is formed of four beamlines: I18, B18, I20-Scanning and I20-EDE. The village provides the UK community with local access to a hard X-ray microprobe, a quick-scanning multi-purpose XAS beamline, a high-intensity beamline for X-ray absorption spectroscopy of dilute samples and X-ray emission spectroscopy, and an energy-dispersive extended X-ray absorption fine-structure beamline. The optics of B18, I20-scanning and I20-EDE are detailed; moreover, recent developments on the four beamlines, including new detector hardware and changes in acquisition software, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Basham
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Roberto Boada
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jacob Filik
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Adam Freeman
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Luke Keenan
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | | | - James J. Mudd
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
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13
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Genovese C, Schuster ME, Gibson EK, Gianolio D, Posligua V, Grau-Crespo R, Cibin G, Wells PP, Garai D, Solokha V, Krick Calderon S, Velasco-Velez JJ, Ampelli C, Perathoner S, Held G, Centi G, Arrigo R. Operando spectroscopy study of the carbon dioxide electro-reduction by iron species on nitrogen-doped carbon. Nat Commun 2018; 9:935. [PMID: 29507285 PMCID: PMC5838105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbon-carbon coupling via electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide represents the biggest challenge for using this route as platform for chemicals synthesis. Here we show that nanostructured iron (III) oxyhydroxide on nitrogen-doped carbon enables high Faraday efficiency (97.4%) and selectivity to acetic acid (61%) at very-low potential (-0.5 V vs silver/silver chloride). Using a combination of electron microscopy, operando X-ray spectroscopy techniques and density functional theory simulations, we correlate the activity to acetic acid at this potential to the formation of nitrogen-coordinated iron (II) sites as single atoms or polyatomic species at the interface between iron oxyhydroxide and the nitrogen-doped carbon. The evolution of hydrogen is correlated to the formation of metallic iron and observed as dominant reaction path over iron oxyhydroxide on oxygen-doped carbon in the overall range of negative potential investigated, whereas over iron oxyhydroxide on nitrogen-doped carbon it becomes important only at more negative potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, ERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTM, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Emma K Gibson
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell (RCaH), Harwell, Oxforshire, OX11 0FA, UK
- Department of Chemistry, UCL, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1 0AJ, UK
| | - Diego Gianolio
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Victor Posligua
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Ricardo Grau-Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Giannantonio Cibin
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Peter P Wells
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Debi Garai
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Vladyslav Solokha
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - Juan J Velasco-Velez
- Max-Planck Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34 - 36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Claudio Ampelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, ERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTM, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Siglinda Perathoner
- Department of Chemical, Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, ERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTM, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Georg Held
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Gabriele Centi
- Department of Mathematical, Computer, Physical and Earth Sciences - University of Messina, ERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTM, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
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14
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Hansford GM, Turner SMR, Degryse P, Shortland AJ. High-resolution X-ray diffraction with no sample preparation. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES 2017; 73:293-311. [PMID: 28660862 PMCID: PMC5571747 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317008592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel, high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique that provides completely non-destructive, high-quality XRD analyses of unprepared samples is demonstrated. The method shows great potential in the characterization of cultural heritage artefacts. It is shown that energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) implemented in a back-reflection geometry is extremely insensitive to sample morphology and positioning even in a high-resolution configuration. This technique allows high-quality X-ray diffraction analysis of samples that have not been prepared and is therefore completely non-destructive. The experimental technique was implemented on beamline B18 at the Diamond Light Source synchrotron in Oxfordshire, UK. The majority of the experiments in this study were performed with pre-characterized geological materials in order to elucidate the characteristics of this novel technique and to develop the analysis methods. Results are presented that demonstrate phase identification, the derivation of precise unit-cell parameters and extraction of microstructural information on unprepared rock samples and other sample types. A particular highlight was the identification of a specific polytype of a muscovite in an unprepared mica schist sample, avoiding the time-consuming and difficult preparation steps normally required to make this type of identification. The technique was also demonstrated in application to a small number of fossil and archaeological samples. Back-reflection EDXRD implemented in a high-resolution configuration shows great potential in the crystallographic analysis of cultural heritage artefacts for the purposes of scientific research such as provenancing, as well as contributing to the formulation of conservation strategies. Possibilities for moving the technique from the synchrotron into museums are discussed. The avoidance of the need to extract samples from high-value and rare objects is a highly significant advantage, applicable also in other potential research areas such as palaeontology, and the study of meteorites and planetary materials brought to Earth by sample-return missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Hansford
- Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, England
| | - S M R Turner
- Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, England
| | - P Degryse
- Celestijnenlaan 200E, Division of Geology, Centre for Archaeological Science, K.U. Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium
| | - A J Shortland
- Centre for Archaeological and Forensic Analysis, DASSR/CDS, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon SN6 8LA, England
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15
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Materials and Breakdown Phenomena: Heterogeneous Molybdenum Metallic Films. CONDENSED MATTER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat2020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Cepriá G, Córdova WR, Céspedes O, Sánchez-García L, Ferrer P, Gianolio D, Castillo JR. Physical and chemical characterization of cerium(IV) oxide nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6589-98. [PMID: 27438717 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical composition, size and structure of the nanoparticle are required to describe nanoceria. Nanoparticles of similar size and Ce(III) content might exhibit different chemical behaviour due to their differences in structure. A simple and direct procedure based on affordable techniques for all the laboratories is presented in this paper. The combination of Raman and UV-vis spectroscopy and particle impact coulometry (PIC) allows the characterization of nanoceria of small size from 4 to 65 nm at a concentration from micromolar to nanomolar, a concentration range suitable for the analysis of lab-prepared or commercial nanoparticle suspensions, but too high for most analytical purposes aimed at nanoparticle monitoring. While the PIC limits of size detection are too high to observe small nanoparticles unless catalytic amplification is used, the method provides a simple means to study aggregation of nanoparticles in the media they are needed to be dispersed for each application. Raman spectroscopy provided information about structure of the nanoparticle, and UV-vis about their chemical behaviour against some common reducing and oxidizing agents. Graphical Abstract To characterize nanoceria it is necessary to provide information about the shape, size and structure of the nanoparticles as well as the chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Cepriá
- Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors Group (GEAS), Environmental Sciences Institute (IUCA), Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Zaragoza, C/Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Walvin R Córdova
- Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors Group (GEAS), Environmental Sciences Institute (IUCA), Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Zaragoza, C/Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Oscar Céspedes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors Group (GEAS), Environmental Sciences Institute (IUCA), Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Zaragoza, C/Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Ferrer
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Diego Gianolio
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Juan R Castillo
- Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors Group (GEAS), Environmental Sciences Institute (IUCA), Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Zaragoza, C/Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Ash PW, Boyd DA, Hyde TI, Keating JL, Randlshofer G, Rothenbacher K, Sankar G, Schauer JJ, Shafer MM, Toner BM. Local structure and speciation of platinum in fresh and road-aged North American sourced vehicle emissions catalysts: an X-ray absorption spectroscopic study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:3658-3665. [PMID: 24568168 DOI: 10.1021/es404974e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Given emerging concerns about the bioavailability and toxicity of anthropogenic platinum compounds emitted into the environment from sources including vehicle emission catalysts (VEC), the platinum species present in selected North American sourced fresh and road-aged VEC were determined by Pt and Cl X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Detailed analysis of the Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure at the Pt L3 and L2 edges of the solid phase catalysts revealed mainly oxidic species in the fresh catalysts and metallic components dominant in the road-aged catalysts. In addition, some bimetallic components (Pt-Ni, Pt-Pd, Pt-Rh) were observed in the road-aged catalysts from supporting Ni-, Pd-, and Rh-K edge XAS studies. These detailed analyses allow for the significant conclusion that this study did not find any evidence for the presence of chloroplatinate species in the investigated solid phase of a Three Way Catalyst or Diesel Oxidation Catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Ash
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre , Blount's Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, United Kingdom
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