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Fliedel L, Alhareth K, Mignet N, Fournier T, Andrieux K. Placental Models for Evaluation of Nanocarriers as Drug Delivery Systems for Pregnancy Associated Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:936. [PMID: 35625672 PMCID: PMC9138319 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated disorders affect around 20% of pregnancies each year around the world. The risk associated with pregnancy therapeutic management categorizes pregnant women as "drug orphan" patients. In the last few decades, nanocarriers have demonstrated relevant properties for controlled drug delivery, which have been studied for pregnancy-associated disorders. To develop new drug dosage forms it is mandatory to have access to the right evaluation models to ensure their usage safety and efficacy. This review exposes the various placental-based models suitable for nanocarrier evaluation for pregnancy-associated therapies. We first review the current knowledge about nanocarriers as drug delivery systems and how placenta can be used as an evaluation model. Models are divided into three categories: in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo placental models. We then examine the recent studies using those models to evaluate nanocarriers behavior towards the placental barrier and which information can be gathered from these results. Finally, we propose a flow chart on the usage and the combination of models regarding the nanocarriers and nanoparticles studied and the intended therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Fliedel
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques Pour la Santé (UTCBS), Inserm U1267, CNRS UMR8258, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (L.F.); (K.A.); (N.M.)
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacotoxicology of the Human Placenta, Pre and Postnatal Microbiota Unit (3PHM), Inserm U1139, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Khair Alhareth
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques Pour la Santé (UTCBS), Inserm U1267, CNRS UMR8258, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (L.F.); (K.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques Pour la Santé (UTCBS), Inserm U1267, CNRS UMR8258, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (L.F.); (K.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Thierry Fournier
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacotoxicology of the Human Placenta, Pre and Postnatal Microbiota Unit (3PHM), Inserm U1139, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Karine Andrieux
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques Pour la Santé (UTCBS), Inserm U1267, CNRS UMR8258, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (L.F.); (K.A.); (N.M.)
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Tang Y, Woodward BO, Pastor L, George AM, Petrechko O, Nouvet FJ, Haas DW, Jiang G, Hildreth JEK. Endogenous Retroviral Envelope Syncytin Induces HIV-1 Spreading and Establishes HIV Reservoirs in Placenta. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4528-4539.e4. [PMID: 32234485 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical cure of HIV-1 (HIV) is hampered by the establishment of HIV reservoirs and persistent infection in deep tissues despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here, we show that among HIV-positive women receiving suppressive ART, cells from placental tissues including trophoblasts contain HIV RNA and DNA. These viruses can be reactivated by latency reversal agents. We find that syncytin, the envelope glycoprotein of human endogenous retrovirus family W1 expressed on placental trophoblasts, triggers cell fusion with HIV-infected T cells. This results in cell-to-cell spread of HIV to placental trophoblasts. Such cell-to-cell spread of HIV is less sensitive to ART than free virus. Replication in syncytin-expressing cells can also produce syncytin-pseudotyped HIV, further expanding its ability to infect non-CD4 cells. These previously unrecognized mechanisms of HIV entry enable the virus to bypass receptor restriction to infect host barrier cells, thereby facilitating viral transmission and persistent infection in deep tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Tang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, HIV Cure Center and Institute of Global Health & Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Beverly O Woodward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Lorena Pastor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alvin M George
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Oksana Petrechko
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Franklin J Nouvet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - David W Haas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Guochun Jiang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, HIV Cure Center and Institute of Global Health & Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - James E K Hildreth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
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de Araújo TE, Milián ICB, de Souza G, da Silva RJ, Rosini AM, Guirelli PM, Franco PS, Barbosa BF, Ferro EAV, da Costa IN. Experimental models of maternal-fetal interface and their potential use for nanotechnology applications. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:36-50. [PMID: 31469205 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the placenta regulates the transfer of oxygen, nutrients, and residual products between the maternal and fetal bloodstreams and is a key determinant of fetal exposure to xenobiotics from the mother. To study the disposition of substances through the placenta, various experimental models are used, especially the perfused placenta, placental villi explants, and cell lineage models. In this context, nanotechnology, an area of study that is on the rise, enables the creation of particles on nanometric scales capable of releasing drugs aimed at specific tissues. An important reason for furthering the studies on transplacental transfer is to explore the potential of nanoparticles (NPs), in new delivery strategies for drugs that are specifically aimed at the mother, the placenta, or the fetus and that involve less toxicity. Due to the fact that the placental barrier is essential for the interaction between the maternal and fetal organisms as well as the possibility of NPs being used in the treatment of various pathologies, the aim of this review is to present the main experimental models used in studying the maternal-fetal interaction and the action of NPs in the placental environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thádia Evelyn de Araújo
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Iliana Claudia Balga Milián
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Rafaela José da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Monteiro Rosini
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Mendonça Guirelli
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Priscila Silva Franco
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Bellisa Freitas Barbosa
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Idessania Nazareth da Costa
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Toudic C, Vargas A, Xiao Y, St-Pierre G, Bannert N, Lafond J, Rassart É, Sato S, Barbeau B. Galectin-1 interacts with the human endogenous retroviral envelope protein syncytin-2 and potentiates trophoblast fusion in humans. FASEB J 2019; 33:12873-12887. [PMID: 31499012 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900107r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Syncytin (Syn)-2 is an important fusogenic protein that contributes to the formation of the placental syncytiotrophoblast. Galectin (Gal)-1, a soluble lectin, is also involved in trophoblast cell fusion and modulates the interaction of certain retroviral envelopes with their cellular receptor. This study aimed to investigate the association between Syn-2 and Gal-1 during human trophoblast cell fusion. This association was evaluated in vitro on primary villous cytotrophoblasts (vCTBs) and cell lines using recombinant Gal-1 and Syn-2-pseudotyped viruses. Using lactose, a Gal antagonist, and Gal-1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfections, we confirmed the implication of Gal-1 in vCTBs and BeWo cell fusion, although RT-PCR and ELISA analyses suggested that Gal-1 alone did not induce syncytialization. Infection assays showed a specific and significant effect of Gal-1 on the infectivity of Syn-2-pseudotyped viruses that depended on the expression of major facilitator superfamily domain-containing 2A (MFSD2a). Moreover, Gal-3, another placental Gal, did not modulate the infectivity of Syn-2-positive viruses, strengthening the specific association between Gal-1 and Syn-2. Interestingly, Gal-1 significantly reduced the infectivity of Syn-1-pseudotyped viruses, suggesting the opposite effects of Gal-1 on Syn-1 and -2. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed a glycan-dependent interaction between Syn-2-bearing virions and Gal-1. We conclude that Gal-1 specifically interacts with Syn-2 and possibly regulates Syn-2/MFSD2a interaction during syncytialization of trophoblastic cells.-Toudic, C., Vargas, A., Xiao, Y., St-Pierre, G., Bannert, N., Lafond, J., Rassart, É., Sato, S., Barbeau, B. Galectin-1 interacts with the human endogenous retroviral envelope protein syncytin-2 and potentiates trophoblast fusion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Toudic
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amandine Vargas
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yong Xiao
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume St-Pierre
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Julie Lafond
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Éric Rassart
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sachiko Sato
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Barbeau
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Milligan C, Overbaugh J. The role of cell-associated virus in mother-to-child HIV transmission. J Infect Dis 2015; 210 Suppl 3:S631-40. [PMID: 25414417 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to contribute to the global burden of disease despite great advances in antiretroviral (ARV) treatment and prophylaxis. In this review, we discuss the proposed mechanisms of MTCT, evidence for cell-free and cell-associated transmission in different routes of MTCT, and the impact of ARVs on virus levels and transmission. Many population-based studies support a role for cell-associated virus in transmission and in vitro studies also provide some support for this mode of transmission. However, animal model studies provide proof-of-principle that cell-free virus can establish infection in infants, and studies of ARVs in HIV-infected pregnant women show a strong correlation with reduction in cell-free virus levels and protection. ARV treatment in MTCT potentially provides opportunities to better define the infectious form of virus, but these studies will require better tools to measure the infectious cell reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Milligan
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington School of Medicine Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington School of Medicine
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Ackerman W, Kwiek JJ. Role of the placenta in adverse perinatal outcomes among HIV-1 seropositive women. J NIPPON MED SCH 2014; 80:90-4. [PMID: 23657060 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.80.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Women seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are at an increased risk for a number of adverse perinatal outcomes. Although efforts to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) remain a priority in resource-limited countries, HIV testing and treatment have led to steep declines in MTCT in well-resourced countries. Even so, HIV seropositive pregnant women in the United States continue to deliver a disproportionately high number of preterm and low birth weight infants. In this mini-review, we address the role of the placenta in such HIV-related perinatal sequelae. We posit that adverse perinatal outcomes may result from two mutually non-exclusive routes: (1) HIV infection of the placenta proper, potentially leading to impaired maternal-fetal exchange; and (2) infection of the maternal decidual microenvironment, possibly disrupting normal placental implantation and development. Further research into the relationship between HIV-1 infection and placental pathology may lead to the development of novel strategies to improve birth outcomes among HIV-1 seropositive parturients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ackerman
- Laboratory of Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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TLR7/TLR8 Activation Restores Defective Cytokine Secretion by Myeloid Dendritic Cells but Not by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women and Newborns. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67036. [PMID: 23826189 PMCID: PMC3694931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 has been significantly reduced with the use of antiretroviral therapies, resulting in an increased number of HIV-exposed uninfected infants. The consequences of HIV infection on the innate immune system of both mother-newborn are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood (CB) collected from HIV-1-infected and uninfected pregnant women. We measured TNF-α, IL-10 and IFN-α secretion after the stimulation of the cells with agonists of both extracellular Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5) and intracellular TLRs (TLR7, TLR7/8 and TLR9). Moreover, as an indicator of the innate immune response, we evaluated the responsiveness of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) to TLRs that are associated with the antiviral response. Our results showed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV-1-infected mothers and CB were defective in TNF-α production after activation by TLR2, TLR5, TLR3 and TLR7. However, the TNF-α response was preserved after TLR7/8 (CL097) stimulation, mainly in the neonatal cells. Furthermore, only CL097 activation was able to induce IL-10 and IFN-α secretion in both maternal and CB cells in the infected group. An increase in IFN-α secretion was observed in CL097-treated CB from HIV-infected mothers compared with control mothers. The effectiveness of CL097 stimulation was confirmed by observation of similar mRNA levels of interferon regulatory factor-7 (IRF-7), IFN-α and TNF-α in PBMCs of both groups. The function of both mDCs and pDCs was markedly compromised in the HIV-infected group, and although TLR7/TLR8 activation overcame the impairment in TNF-α secretion by mDCs, such stimulation was unable to reverse the dysfunctional type I IFN response by pDCs in the HIV-infected samples. Our findings highlight the dysfunction of innate immunity in HIV-infected mother-newborn pairs. The activation of the TLR7/8 pathway could function as an adjuvant to improve maternal-neonatal innate immunity.
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Cavarelli M, Scarlatti G. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mother-to-child transmission and prevention: successes and controversies. J Intern Med 2011; 270:561-79. [PMID: 21929711 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimated that an additional 370 000 new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections occurred in children in 2009, mainly through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Intrapartum transmission contributes to approximately 20-25% of infections, in utero transmission to 5-10% and postnatal transmission to an additional 10-15% of cases. MTCT accounts for only a few hundred infected newborns in those countries in which services are established for voluntary counselling and testing of pregnant women, and a supply of antiretroviral drugs is available throughout pregnancy with recommendations for elective Caesarean section and avoidance of breastfeeding. The single-dose nevirapine regimen has provided the momentum to initiate MTCT programmes in many resource-limited countries; however, regimens using a combination of antiretroviral drugs are needed also to effectively reduce transmission via breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cavarelli
- Unit of Viral Evolution and Transmission, DITID, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Marlin R, Nugeyre MT, Duriez M, Cannou C, Le Breton A, Berkane N, Barré-Sinoussi F, Menu E. Decidual soluble factors participate in the control of HIV-1 infection at the maternofetal interface. Retrovirology 2011; 8:58. [PMID: 21767373 PMCID: PMC3156730 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternofetal transmission (MFT) of HIV-1 is relatively rare during the first trimester of pregnancy despite the permissivity of placental cells for cell-to-cell HIV-1 infection. Invasive placental cells interact directly with decidual cells of the uterine mucosa during the first months of pregnancy, but the role of the decidua in the control of HIV-1 transmission is unknown. Results We found that decidual mononuclear cells naturally produce low levels of IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ and CXCL-12 (SDF-1), and large amounts of CCL-2 (MCP1), CCL-3 (MIP-1α), CCL-4 (MIP-1β), CCL-5 (Rantes), CXCL-10 (IP-10), IL-6 and IL-8. CCL-3 and CCL-4 levels were significantly upregulated by in vitro infection with R5 HIV-1 but not X4. Decidual CD14+ antigen presenting cells were the main CCL-3 and CCL-4 producers among decidual leukocytes. R5 and X4 HIV-1 infection was inhibited by decidual cell culture supernatants in vitro. Using HIV-1 pseudotypes, we found that inhibition of the HIV-1 entry step was inhibited by decidual soluble factors. Conclusion Our findings show that decidual innate immunity (soluble factors) is involved in the control of HIV-1 infection at the maternofetal interface. The decidua could thus serve as a mucosal model for identifying correlates of protection against HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Marlin
- Department of virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Immune-based approaches to the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: active and passive immunization. Clin Perinatol 2010; 37:787-805, ix. [PMID: 21078451 PMCID: PMC2998888 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite more than 2 decades of research, an effective vaccine that can prevent HIV-1 infection in populations exposed to the virus remains elusive. In the pursuit of an HIV-1 vaccine, does prevention of exposure to maternal HIV-1 in utero, at birth or in early life through breast milk require special consideration? This article reviews what is known about the immune mechanisms of susceptibility and resistance to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 and summarizes studies that have used passive or active immunization strategies to interrupt MTCT of HIV-1. Potentially modifiable infectious cofactors that may enhance transmission and/or disease progression (especially in the developing world) are described. An effective prophylactic vaccine against HIV-1 infection needs to be deployed as part of the Extended Program of Immunization recommended by the World Health Organization for use in developing countries, so it is important to understand how the infant immune system responds to HIV-1 antigens, both in natural infection and presented by candidate vaccines.
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Hannan NJ, Paiva P, Dimitriadis E, Salamonsen LA. Models for Study of Human Embryo Implantation: Choice of Cell Lines?1. Biol Reprod 2010; 82:235-45. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.077800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Andreani G, Celentano AM, Solana ME, Cazorla SI, Malchiodi EL, Martínez Peralta LA, Dolcini GL. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication in human monocyte-derived macrophages by parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8246. [PMID: 20011521 PMCID: PMC2788415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage are one of the major targets of HIV-1 infection and serve as reservoirs for viral persistence in vivo. These cells are also the target of the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, being one of the most important endemic protozoonoses in Latin America. It has been demonstrated in vitro that co-infection with other pathogens can modulate HIV replication. However, no studies at cellular level have suggested an interaction between T. cruzi and HIV-1 to date. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By using a fully replicative wild-type virus, our study showed that T. cruzi inhibits HIV-1 antigen production by nearly 100% (p<0.001) in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). In different infection schemes with luciferase-reporter VSV-G or BaL pseudotyped HIV-1 and trypomastigotes, T. cruzi induced a significant reduction of luciferase level for both pseudotypes in all the infection schemes (p<0.001), T. cruzi-HIV (>99%) being stronger than HIV-T. cruzi (approximately 90% for BaL and approximately 85% for VSV-G) infection. In MDM with established HIV-1 infection, T. cruzi significantly inhibited luciferate activity (p<0.01). By quantifying R-U5 and U5-gag transcripts by real time PCR, our study showed the expression of both transcripts significantly diminished in the presence of trypomastigotes (p<0.05). Thus, T. cruzi inhibits viral post-integration steps, early post-entry steps and entry into MDM. Trypomastigotes also caused a approximately 60-70% decrease of surface CCR5 expression on MDM. Multiplication of T. cruzi inside the MDM does not seem to be required for inhibiting HIV-1 replication since soluble factors secreted by trypomastigotes have shown similar effects. Moreover, the major parasite antigen cruzipain, which is secreted by the trypomastigote form, was able to inhibit viral production in MDM over 90% (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our study showed that T. cruzi inhibits HIV-1 replication at several replication stages in macrophages, a major cell target for both pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Andreani
- National Reference Center for AIDS, Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M. Celentano
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E. Solana
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I. Cazorla
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IDEHU–Institute of Studies on Humoral Immunity, CONICET-UBA, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio L. Malchiodi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IDEHU–Institute of Studies on Humoral Immunity, CONICET-UBA, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana A. Martínez Peralta
- National Reference Center for AIDS, Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermina L. Dolcini
- National Reference Center for AIDS, Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Antigen-presenting cells represent targets for R5 HIV-1 infection in the first trimester pregnancy uterine mucosa. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5971. [PMID: 19543402 PMCID: PMC2696085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the first trimester of pregnancy, HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission is relatively rare despite the permissivity of placental cells to cell-to-cell HIV-1 infection. The placenta interacts directly with maternal uterine cells (decidual cells) but the physiological role of the decidua in the control of HIV-1 transmission and whether decidua could be a source of infected cells is unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings To answer to this question, decidual mononuclear cells were exposed to HIV-1 in vitro. Decidual cells were shown to be more susceptible to infection by an R5 HIV-1, as compared to an X4 HIV-1. Infected cells were identified by flow cytometry analysis. The results showed that CD14+ cells were the main targets of HIV-1 infection in the decidua. These infected CD14+ cells expressed DC-SIGN, CD11b, CD11c, the Fc gamma receptor CD16, CD32 and CD64, classical MHC class-I and class-II and maturation and activation molecules CD83, CD80 and CD86. The permissivity of decidual tissue was also evaluated by histoculture. Decidual tissue was not infected by X4 HIV-1 but was permissive to R5 HIV-1. Different profiles of infection were observed depending on tissue localization. Conclusions/Significance The presence of HIV-1 target cells in the decidua in vitro and the low rate of in utero mother-to-child transmission during the first trimester of pregnancy suggest that a natural control occurs in vivo limiting cell-to-cell infection of the placenta and consequently infection of the fetus.
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Ross AL, Cannou C, Barré-Sinoussi F, Menu E. Proteasome-independent degradation of HIV-1 in naturally non-permissive human placental trophoblast cells. Retrovirology 2009; 6:46. [PMID: 19445667 PMCID: PMC2689159 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human placenta-derived cell line BeWo has been demonstrated to be restrictive to cell-free HIV-1 infection. BeWo cells are however permissive to infection by VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1, which enters cells by a receptor-independent mechanism, and to infection by HIV-1 via a cell-to-cell route. RESULTS Here we analysed viral entry in wild type BeWo (CCR5+, CXCR4+) and BeWo-CD4+ (CD4+, CCR5+, CXCR4+) cells. We report that HIV-1 internalisation is not restricted in either cell line. Levels of internalised p24 antigen between VSV-G HIV-1 pseudotypes and R5 or X4 virions were comparable. We next analysed the fate of internalised virions; X4 and R5 HIV-1 virions were less stable over time in BeWo cells than VSV-G HIV-1 pseudotypes. We then investigated the role of the proteasome in restricting cell-free HIV-1 infection in BeWo cells using proteasome inhibitors. We observed an increase in the levels of VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 infection in proteasome-inhibitor treated cells, but the infection by R5-Env or X4-Env pseudotyped virions remains restricted. CONCLUSION Collectively these results suggest that cell-free HIV-1 infection encounters a surface block leading to a non-productive entry route, which either actively targets incoming virions for non-proteasomal degradation, and impedes their release into the cytoplasm, or causes the inactivation of mechanisms essential for viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Ross
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Regulation of Retroviral Infections, Department of Virology, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, France.
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15
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Dolcini GL, Solana ME, Andreani G, Celentano AM, Parodi LM, Donato AM, Elissondo N, González Cappa SM, Giavedoni LD, Martínez Peralta L. Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas' disease agent) reduces HIV-1 replication in human placenta. Retrovirology 2008; 5:53. [PMID: 18593480 PMCID: PMC2464605 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-5-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several factors determine the risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), such as coinfections in placentas from HIV-1 positive mothers with other pathogens. Chagas' disease is one of the most endemic zoonoses in Latin America, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The purpose of the study was to determine whether T. cruzi modifies HIV infection of the placenta at the tissue or cellular level. Results Simple and double infections were carried out on a placental histoculture system (chorionic villi isolated from term placentas from HIV and Chagas negative mothers) and on the choriocarcinoma BeWo cell line. Trypomastigotes of T. cruzi (VD lethal strain), either purified from mouse blood or from Vero cell cultures, 24 h-supernatants of blood and cellular trypomastigotes, and the VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 reporter virus were used for the coinfections. Viral transduction was evaluated by quantification of luciferase activity. Coinfection with whole trypomastigotes, either from mouse blood or from cell cultures, decreased viral pseudotype luciferase activity in placental histocultures. Similar results were obtained from BeWo cells. Supernatants of stimulated histocultures were used for the simultaneous determination of 29 cytokines and chemokines with the Luminex technology. In histocultures infected with trypomastigotes, as well as in coinfected tissues, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10 and MCP-1 production was significantly lower than in controls or HIV-1 transducted tissue. A similar decrease was observed in histocultures treated with 24 h-supernatants of blood trypomastigotes, but not in coinfected tissues. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that the presence of an intracellular pathogen, such as T. cruzi, is able to impair HIV-1 transduction in an in vitro system of human placental histoculture. Direct effects of the parasite on cellular structures as well as on cellular/viral proteins essential for HIV-1 replication might influence viral transduction in this model. Nonetheless, additional mechanisms including modulation of cytokines/chemokines at placental level could not be excluded in the inhibition observed. Further experiments need to be conducted in order to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved in this phenomenon. Therefore, coinfection with T. cruzi may have a deleterious effect on HIV-1 transduction and thus could play an important role in viral outcome at the placental level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermina Laura Dolcini
- National Reference Center for AIDS, Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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16
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Distinct efficacy of HIV-1 entry inhibitors to prevent cell-to-cell transfer of R5 and X4 viruses across a human placental trophoblast barrier in a reconstitution model in vitro. Retrovirology 2008; 5:31. [PMID: 18377645 PMCID: PMC2294141 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-5-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and methods HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission is more efficient than infection of permissive cells with cell-free particles. The potency of HIV-1 entry inhibitors to inhibit such transmission is not well known. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy of this new class of antiretrovirals to block cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 in a model of reconstitution of the human placental trophoblast barrier in vitro. Results Our data show that CCR5 antagonists and T20 inhibit the passage of the virus across the BeWo cell monolayer in contact with PBMCs infected with an R5 (Ba-L) and a dualtropic (A204) HIV-1 with IC50s in the range of 100 – 5,000 nM for TAK779; 90 to 15,000 nM for SCH-350581 and 3,000 to 20,000 nM for T20. The CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 is also effective against X4 HIV-1 infected PBMCs in our model with IC50 comprised between 4 nM and 640 nM. HIV-1 entry inhibitors are less efficient to block cell-to-cell virus transmission than cell-free HIV-1 infection of PBMCs and CCR5 antagonists do not prevent PBMC infection by dual tropic HIV-1 in contrast to cell-to-cell infection in our model. Surprisingly, T20 (and C34) do not block cell-to-cell transmission of X4 HIV-1 but, rather, increase 80 to 140 fold, compared to control without drug, the passage of the virus across the trophoblast barrier. Additional experiments suggest that the effect of T20 on BeWo/PBMC-X4 HIV-1 is due to an increase of effector-target cells fusion. Conclusion Our results support further evaluation of HIV-1 coreceptor antagonists, alone or combined to other antiretrovirals, in a perspective of prevention but warn on the use of T20 in patients bearing X4 HIV-1 at risk of transmission.
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Specific stimulation of HIV-1 replication in human placental trophoblasts by an antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. AIDS 2008; 22:785-7. [PMID: 18356610 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3282f560ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data point to an increased risk of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission in pregnant women with malaria, by unknown mechanisms. We show here that surface binding of a recombinant Plasmodium falciparum adhesin to chondroitin sulphate A proteoglycans increases HIV-1 replication in the human placental cell line BeWo, probably by a P. falciparum adhesin-induced long-terminal repeat-driven TNF-alpha stimulation. This suggests that placental malaria could increase the risk of HIV-1 transmission in utero.
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Meng Z, He X, Xing H, Xin R, Sun J, Yi F, Ma L, Shao Y. Construction and characterization of an infectious molecular clone of HIV type 1 CRF07_BC. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2008; 24:259-64. [PMID: 18257686 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2007.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 CRF07_BC constitutes a large fraction of HIV-1 strains circulating in China and is responsible for the rapidly expanding epidemic across the country. Little is known about the biological characteristics of the CRF07_BC viruses, particularly the propensity by which this circulating recombinant form of HIV replicates within an infected individual. In this study, a near-full-length genome of a CRF07_BC virus from an injecting drug user (IDU) from the Xingjiang region in China was cloned and rescued by the functional 5' LTR (long terminal repeat region) and 3' LTR from pNL4-3 to produce a chimeric infectious molecular clone (NLXJDC6441X2). When cultured in interleukin-2-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the Ghost.R5 cell line, NLXJDC6441X2 produced a lower replication yield than expected. More study is needed to explore the key role that leads to the poor infectious activity of NLXJDC6441X2. This study has produced the first isolation of the HIV-1 CRF07_BC DNA clone and has provided a versatile molecular model for research focusing on the biological properties of this subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Infection Diseases Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, P.R. China 100050
| | - Xiang He
- State Key Laboratory for Infection Diseases Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, P.R. China 100050
| | - Hui Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Infection Diseases Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, P.R. China 100050
| | - Ruolei Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Infection Diseases Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, P.R. China 100050
| | - Jianping Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Infection Diseases Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, P.R. China 100050
| | - Feng Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Infection Diseases Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, P.R. China 100050
| | - Liying Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Infection Diseases Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, P.R. China 100050
| | - Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Infection Diseases Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, P.R. China 100050
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Kfutwah AKW, Mary JY, Nicola MA, Blaise-Boisseau S, Barré-Sinoussi F, Ayouba A, Menu E. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha stimulates HIV-1 replication in single-cycle infection of human term placental villi fragments in a time, viral dose and envelope dependent manner. Retrovirology 2006; 3:36. [PMID: 16796744 PMCID: PMC1533858 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-3-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 06/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The placenta plays an important role in the control of in utero HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Proinflammatory cytokines in the placental environment are particularly implicated in this control. We thus investigated the effect of TNF-α on HIV-1 expression in human placental tissues in vitro. Results Human placental chorionic villi fragments were infected with varying doses of luciferase reporter HIV-1 pseudotypes with the R5, X4-Env or the vesicular stomatitis virus protein G (VSV-G). Histocultures were then performed in the presence or absence of recombinant human TNF-α. Luciferase activity was measured at different time points in cell lysates or on whole fragments using ex vivo imaging systems. A significant increase in viral expression was detected in placental fragments infected with 0.2 ng of p24 antigen/fragment (P = 0.002) of VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 in the presence of TNF-α seen after 120 hours of culture. A time independent significant increase of viral expression by TNF-α was observed with higher doses of VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1. When placental fragments were infected with R5-Env pseudotyped HIV-1, a low level of HIV expression at 168 hours of culture was detected for 3 of the 5 placentas tested, with no statistically significant enhancement by TNF-α. Infection with X4-Env pseudotyped HIV-1 did not lead to any detectable luciferase activity at any time point in the absence or in the presence of TNF-α. Conclusion TNF-α in the placental environment increases HIV-1 expression and could facilitate MTCT of HIV-1, particularly in an inflammatory context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Yves Mary
- INSERM U717, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Ahidjo Ayouba
- Unité Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Menu
- Unité Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Capoulade-Métay C, Ayouba A, Kfutwah A, Lole K, Pêtres S, Dudoit Y, Deterre P, Menu E, Barré-Sinoussi F, Debré P, Theodorou I. A natural CCL5/RANTES variant antagonist for CCR1 and CCR3. Immunogenetics 2006; 58:533-41. [PMID: 16791620 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-006-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The N-terminal domain of the chemokine CCL5/regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) has been shown to be critical for its biological activity on leukocytes. Several N-terminus-modified CCL5/RANTES derivatives, such as N-Terminal truncated CCL5/RANTES, Met-RANTES, and amino-oxypentane (AOP)-RANTES exhibited antagonist or partial agonist functions when investigated on the properties of their receptors CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5. Studying 95 African samples from Cameroon, we found a naturally occurring variant of CCL5/RANTES containing a missense mutation located in the first amino acid of the secreted form (S24F). S24F binds CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 and triggers receptor down-modulation comparable to CCL5/RANTES. Moreover, in CCR5 positive cells, S24F elicits cellular calcium mobilization equivalent to that obtained with CCL5/RANTES. By contrast, S24F does not provoke any response in CCR1 and CCR3 positive cells. As CCL5/RANTES is able to attract different subtypes of leukocytes into inflamed tissue and intervenes in a wide range of allergic and autoimmune diseases, the discovery of this natural N-terminus-modified CCL5/RANTES analogue exhibiting differential effects on CCL5/RANTES receptors, opens up additional perspectives for therapeutic intervention.
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Derrien M, Faye A, Dolcini G, Chaouat G, Barré-Sinoussi F, Menu E. Impact of the placental cytokine-chemokine balance on regulation of cell-cell contact-induced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 translocation across a trophoblastic barrier in vitro. J Virol 2005; 79:12304-10. [PMID: 16160157 PMCID: PMC1211513 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.19.12304-12310.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells constituting the placental barrier secrete soluble factors that may participate in controlling human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission from the mother to the fetus. In this study, we asked whether placental soluble factors (PSF) could limit cell-cell contact inducing HIV-1 production that occurs after inoculation of HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (HIV-1+ PBMCs) onto trophoblast-derived BeWo cells grown as tight and polarized barriers in a two-chamber system. The activity of recombinant chemokines and cytokines expressed by placental tissue and of factors secreted by either early or term placentae of HIV-1-negative women, was analyzed. We identified chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1beta) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-8) that decreased and increased, respectively, viral production in trophoblast barrier cells inoculated with HIV-1+ PBMCs. Unexpectedly, factors secreted by either early or term placentae of HIV-1-negative women enhanced viral production. Nevertheless, the same PSF did not favor infection of trophoblastic barriers with cell-free HIV-1 and strongly reduced viral production in PBMCs infected with cell-free HIV-1. Moreover, PSF contained chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1beta) and a cytokine, leukemia inhibitory factor, exhibiting a strong anti-HIV-1 activity in our model of cell-to-cell infection. Together these data suggested that at the maternal interface the global activity of PSF is related to the synergistic action of several soluble factors with a balance in favor of an enhancing activity on the passage of viruses across the trophoblast barrier. This could explain the presence of viral sequences in trophoblasts in all placentae of HIV-1-infected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Derrien
- Unité de Régulations des Infections Rétrovirales, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr. Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15 France
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22
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Pfaff AW, Georges S, Abou-Bacar A, Letscher-Bru V, Klein JP, Mousli M, Candolfi E. Toxoplasma gondiiregulates ICAM‐1 mediated monocyte adhesion to trophoblasts. Immunol Cell Biol 2005; 83:483-9. [PMID: 16174097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1711.2005.01356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Materno-foetal transmission causes one of the most serious forms of infection with the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. In the placenta, trophoblast cells constitute the barrier between maternal circulation and foetal tissue. We looked at the factors that determine the extent of cell adhesion to human BeWo trophoblast cells during T. gondii infection. BeWo monolayers stimulated with the supernatant of T. gondii-infected PBMC showed a large increase in THP-1 cell adhesion and upregulation of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1. Neutralization of cytokines by corresponding antibodies demonstrated that anti-IFN-gamma, but not anti-TNF-alpha or anti-IL-1beta, led to a significant reduction of THP-1 adhesion to a BeWo monolayer. Treatment of BeWo cells with single cytokines failed to induce upregulation of adhesion. In contrast, simultaneous treatment with IFN-gamma and either TNF-alpha or IL-1beta mimicked strongly the effect of infected cell supernatant. The results suggest that IFN-gamma plays a pivotal role in the cell adhesion process through upregulation of ICAM-1 and in the process of congenital transmission of T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Pfaff
- Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology and Infection Laboratory, Inserm UMR-S 392, Parasitology and Tropical Pathology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Louis Pasteur University, Strasbourg, France.
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