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Lanitis S, Gkanis V, Peristeraki S, Chortis P, Kalogeris N, Vryonidou A. Vitamin D deficiency and thyroid cancer: is there a true association? A prospective observational study. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2024. [PMID: 39316376 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2024.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Literature data indicate a correlation between vitamin D deficiency and thyroid cancer (TC). We conducted this observational study to test this hypothesis. METHODS We studied 327 consecutive thyroidectomy cases, and compared patients with TC and those who had benign thyroid disease (BTD). In total, 183 cases with well-differentiated TC (group B) were compared with 144 cases of BTD (group A). We defined 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)VitD) values <10ng/ml as severe vitamin D deficiency (15.4%), 10-30ng/ml as inadequacy (70.4%) and >30ng/ml as adequate (14.2%). We further used a cut-off point of 30ng/ml (used in a recent meta-analysis) to classify patients as vitamin D deficient or not. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the following: age, size of the thyroid gland, preoperative calcium levels, preoperative parathormone and vitamin D levels, body mass index and anti-thyroid antibodies. Only thyroid-stimulating hormone and weight of the thyroid gland were found to differ. There was no significant difference in mean vitamin D levels (group A = 19.82ng/ml [sd 9.59] vs group B = 19.69ng/ml [sd 11.34]; p = 0.917). The same was found when we compared the two groups according to the three categories of vitamin D values (deficiency, inadequacy, adequacy; p = 0.485) and when we performed the analysis based on all threshold levels (10, 20 and 30ng/ml; p = 0.328). Using various statistical methods, no correlation was found between vitamin D deficiency and differentiated TC (overall, microcarcinomas, macrocarcinomas). CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, no correlation between vitamin D deficiency and TC was confirmed, contradicting and questioning the results of two recent meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lanitis
- 2nd Surgical Department and Unit of Surgical Oncology, 'Korgialeneio - Benakeio', Hellenic Red Cross, General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | - V Gkanis
- 2nd Surgical Department and Unit of Surgical Oncology, 'Korgialeneio - Benakeio', Hellenic Red Cross, General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | - S Peristeraki
- 2nd Surgical Department and Unit of Surgical Oncology, 'Korgialeneio - Benakeio', Hellenic Red Cross, General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | - P Chortis
- 2nd Surgical Department and Unit of Surgical Oncology, 'Korgialeneio - Benakeio', Hellenic Red Cross, General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | - N Kalogeris
- Endocrinology Department, 'Korgialeneio - Benakeio', Hellenic Red Cross, General Hospital of Athens, Greece
| | - A Vryonidou
- Endocrinology Department, 'Korgialeneio - Benakeio', Hellenic Red Cross, General Hospital of Athens, Greece
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Yadav N, Dass R, Virmani J. A systematic review of machine learning based thyroid tumor characterisation using ultrasonographic images. J Ultrasound 2024; 27:209-224. [PMID: 38536643 PMCID: PMC11178762 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-023-00850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonography is widely used to screen thyroid tumors because it is safe, easy to use, and low-cost. However, it is simultaneously affected by speckle noise and other artifacts, so early detection of thyroid abnormalities becomes difficult for the radiologist. Therefore, various researchers continuously address the limitations of sonography and improve the diagnosis potential of US images for thyroid tissue from the last three decays. Accordingly, the present study extensively reviewed various CAD systems used to classify thyroid tumor US (TTUS) images related to datasets, despeckling algorithms, segmentation algorithms, feature extraction and selection, assessment parameters, and classification algorithms. After the exhaustive review, the achievements and challenges have been reported, and build a road map for the new researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Yadav
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, India.
| | - Rajeshwar Dass
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, India
| | - Jitendra Virmani
- Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, 160030, India
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Papantoniou K, Konrad P, Haghayegh S, Strohmaier S, Eliassen AH, Schernhammer E. Rotating Night Shift Work, Sleep, and Thyroid Cancer Risk in the Nurses' Health Study 2. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5673. [PMID: 38067376 PMCID: PMC10705158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Night shift work has been associated with breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer, but evidence on other types of cancer is limited. We prospectively evaluated the association of rotating night shift work, sleep duration, and sleep difficulty with thyroid cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study 2 (NHS2). We assessed rotating night shift work duration (years) at baseline and throughout follow-up (1989-2015) and sleep characteristics in 2001. Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for (a) shift work duration, (b) sleep duration, and (c) difficulty falling or staying asleep. We stratified the analyses of night shift work by sleep duration and sleep difficulty. Over 26 years of follow-up, 588 incident cases were identified among 114,534 women in the NHS2 cohort. We observed no association between night shift work and the risk of thyroid cancer. Difficulty falling or staying asleep was suggestively associated with a higher incidence of thyroid cancer when reported sometimes (HR 1.26, 95% CI 0.95, 1.66) and all or most of the time (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.00, 1.81). Night shift workers (10+ years) with sleep difficulty all or most of the time (HR 1.47; 0.58-3.73) or with >7 h of sleep duration (HR 2.17; 95% CI, 1.21-3.92) had a higher risk of thyroid cancer. We found modest evidence for an increased risk of thyroid cancer in relation to sleep difficulty, which was more pronounced among night shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (S.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Peter Konrad
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (S.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Shahab Haghayegh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.H.); (A.H.E.)
| | - Susanne Strohmaier
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (S.S.); (E.S.)
| | - A. Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.H.); (A.H.E.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (S.S.); (E.S.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.H.); (A.H.E.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Yadav N, Dass R, Virmani J. Assessment of encoder-decoder-based segmentation models for thyroid ultrasound images. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023:10.1007/s11517-023-02849-4. [PMID: 37353695 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Encoder-decoder-based semantic segmentation models classify image pixels into the corresponding class, such as the ROI (region of interest) or background. In the present study, simple / dilated convolution / series / directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based encoder-decoder semantic segmentation models have been implemented, i.e., SegNet (VGG16), SegNet (VGG19), U-Net, mobileNetv2, ResNet18, ResNet50, Xception and Inception networks for the segment TTUS(Thyroid Tumor Ultrasound) images. Transfer learning has been used to train these segmentation networks using original and despeckled TTUS images. The performance of the networks has been calculated using mIoU and mDC metrics. Based on the exhaustive experiments, it has been observed that ResNet50-based segmentation model obtained the best results objectively with values 0.87 for mIoU, 0.94 for mDC, and also according to radiologist opinion on shape, margin, and echogenicity characteristics of segmented lesions. It is noted that the segmentation model, namely ResNet50, provides better segmentation based on objective and subjective assessment. It may be used in the healthcare system to identify thyroid nodules accurately in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Yadav
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, India.
| | - Rajeshwar Dass
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, India
| | - Jitendra Virmani
- Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, 160030, India
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Abdul-Maksoud RS, Elsayed WSH, Rashad NM, Elsayed RS, Elshorbagy S, Hamed MG. GLP-1R polymorphism (rs1042044) and expression are associated with the risk of papillary thyroid cancer among the Egyptian population. Gene X 2022; 834:146597. [PMID: 35598685 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist usage has previously been linked to an elevated incidence of thyroid cell adenomas and carcinomas in animals. AIM The goal of this study was to determine if there was an association between GLP-1R gene polymorphism and expression with the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its clinical characteristics among the Egyptian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of eighty PTC patients and eighty healthy controls were included in the study. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to determine GLP-1R expression in tumor tissue. The polymorphisms rs1042044 and rs6923761 in the GLP-1R gene were determined using PCR -restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS PTC patients exhibited considerably greater frequencies of rs1042044 AA genotypes and A allele than controls (OR (95% CI) = 4.5 (1.75-11.8), P < 0.001; OR (95% CI) = 2.032 (1.301-3.17), P < 0.001 respectively). GLP-1R mRNA and protein expressions were higher in tumor samples than normal thyroid tissues among PTC patients. In addition, high GLP-1R expressions were more common in rs1042044 AA genotype carriers than CC carriers (P < 0.001). GLP-1R mRNA expression showed 95 % sensitivity and 97% specificity for PTC diagnosis. Moreover, GLP-1R expression was closely associated with LN metastasis, tumor size, tumor stage, and multifocality in PTC patients. CONCLUSION This research provides new evidence linking the GLP-1R genetic polymorphism and tissue expression to PTC risk and invasiveness among the Egyptian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab S Abdul-Maksoud
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Walid S H Elsayed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nearmeen M Rashad
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha S Elsayed
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shereen Elshorbagy
- Medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Hamed
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Cheng X, Li S, Deng L, Luo W, Wang D, Cheng J, Ma C, Chen L, Jiang T, Qiu L, Zhang G. Predicting Elevated TSH Levels in the Physical Examination Population With a Machine Learning Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:839829. [PMID: 35282438 PMCID: PMC8907627 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.839829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to predict elevated TSH levels by developing an effective machine learning model based on large-scale physical examination results. Methods Subjects who underwent general physical examinations from January 2015 to December 2019 were enrolled in this study. A total of 21 clinical parameters were analyzed, including six demographic parameters (sex, age, etc.) and 15 laboratory parameters (thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab), etc.). The risk factors for elevated TSH levels in the univariate and multivariate Logistic analyses were used to construct machine learning models. Four machine learning models were trained to predict the outcome of elevated TSH levels one year/two years after patient enrollment, including decision tree (DT), linear regression (LR), eXtreme Gradient boosting (XGBoost), and support vector machine (SVM). Feature importance was calculated in the machine learning models to show which parameter plays a vital role in predicting elevated TSH levels. Results A total of 12,735 individuals were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that elevated TSH levels were significantly correlated with gender, FT3/FT4, total cholesterol (TC), TPO-Ab, Tg-Ab, creatinine (Cr), and triglycerides (TG). Among the four machine learning models, XGBoost performed best in the one-year task of predicting elevated TSH levels (AUC (0.87(+/- 0.03))). The most critical feature in this model was FT3/FT4, followed by TPO-Ab and other clinical parameters. In the two-year task of predicting TSH levels, none of the four models performed well. Conclusions In this study, we trained an effective XGBoost model for predicting elevated TSH levels one year after patient enrollment. The measurement of FT3 and FT4 could provide an early warning of elevated TSH levels to prevent relative thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Cheng
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shicheng Li
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Lizong Deng
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dancheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaochao Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luming Chen
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taijiao Jiang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Sex Bias in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312992. [PMID: 34884794 PMCID: PMC8657786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid cancers are more frequent in women than in men. These different frequencies may depend on differences in patient's behavior and in thyroid investigations. However, an impact on sexual hormones is likely, although this has been insufficiently elucidated. Estrogens may increase the production of mutagenic molecules in the thyroid cell and favor the proliferation and invasion of tumoral cells by regulating both the thyrocyte enzymatic machinery and the inflammatory process associated with tumor growth. On the other hand, the worse prognosis of thyroid cancer associated with the male gender is poorly explained.
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Zhao J, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Yao J, Liao L, Dong J. High prevalence of thyroid carcinoma in patients with insulin resistance: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22232-22241. [PMID: 34550096 PMCID: PMC8507263 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The association between insulin resistance and thyroid carcinoma is controversial. We conducted this meta-analysis of association between insulin resistance and thyroid carcinoma. There were 14 studies included in this meta-analysis. Random-effect model was used to merge the weighted mean difference value of fasting serum insulin level and the pooled effect shows that the level of fasting serum insulin is higher in patients with thyroid carcinoma than those of controls (1.88, 95% CI 0.87 to 2.90, P=0.0003). Random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled weighted mean difference and it shows that thyroid carcinoma patients have a higher level of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) than patients without thyroid carcinoma (0.54, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.78, P<0.0001). Fixed-effect model with the odds ratio of insulin resistance shows that insulin resistance could increase the risk of thyroid carcinoma 216% compared with participants without insulin resistance (3.16, 95% CI 2.09 to 4.77, P<0.0001). In conclusion, insulin resistance might be a risk factor for thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qianping Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Dezhou Municipal Hospital, Dezhou 253000, China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- Division of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jinan Zhangqiu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Zhao J, Tian Y, Yao J, Gu H, Zhang R, Wang H, Liao L, Dong J. Hypercholesterolemia Is an Associated Factor for Risk of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Chinese Population. Front Oncol 2021; 10:508126. [PMID: 33585179 PMCID: PMC7876371 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.508126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperlipidemia has been hypothesized as a risk factor for thyroid cancer. However, the association between hypercholesterolemia and thyroid cancer is unclear, especially in Chinese population without available published data. We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in Chinese population. Methods Three thousand seven hundred forty-eight patients were enrolled in the study, including 2,021 DTC patients and 1,727 benign subjects with benign thyroid nodules. Demographic characteristics, medical history, and clinical hematological examination were collected. Stratified analyses of association between hypercholesterolemia and risk of DTC were done. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between hypercholesterolemia and the risk of thyroid nodules being malignant. This study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital and assigned in ClinicalTrials.gov protocol registration and results system (NCT03006289, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03006289). Results The level of serum total cholesterol in patients with DTC is higher than that in benign subjects (P < 0.001). After adjusting hypercholesterolemia, age (P < 0.001), triglyceride (P = 0.003), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (P < 0.001) are found to be confounding factors. The risk of DTC in patients younger than 45 years old is 2.08 times than that of patients older than 45 years old (odds ratio = 0.48, 95% CI (0.38, 0.61), P < 0.001). A high TSH level is highly associated with the increased risk of DTC (P < 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the absence of hypercholesterolemia could reduce the risk of thyroid nodules being malignant (odds ratio = −0.75, 95% CI (−1.39, −0.12), P = 0.02). Comparing to the higher level of serum total cholesterol (>5.7 mmol/L), the closer the serum total cholesterol level is to normal (3.17–5.7 mmol/L), the less the risk of thyroid nodules being malignant is, and this difference is statistically significant (odds ratio = −0.67, 95% CI (−1.31, −0.03), P = 0.040). However, this difference is not found in the group of patients with lower level of total cholesterol (<3.17 mmol/L, odds ratio = 0.43, 95% CI (−1.22, 2.09), P = 0.068), suggesting that hypocholesterolemia is not a protective factor in the risk of thyroid nodules being malignant. Conclusions Hypercholesterolemia is an associated factor for risk of DTC in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yutian Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - He Gu
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huanjun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Ivanova LB, Vukov MI, Vassileva-Valerianova ZG. Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Bulgaria before and after the Introduction of Universal Salt Iodization: An Analysis of the National Cancer Registry Data. Balkan Med J 2020; 37:330-335. [PMID: 32856882 PMCID: PMC7590542 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.10.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system and it has become the fastest growing cancer among women. The suspected risk factors include increased exposure to ionizing radiation during childhood, environmental pollutants, possible iodine deficiency, and excessive iodine exposure. Aims: To analyze the thyroid cancer incidence between 1980 and 2013 in Bulgaria and to determine the incidence rate before and after the introduction of universal salt iodization in 1994 in regions with different iodine deficiency levels. Study Design: Retrospective cohort. Methods: The study was a retrospective analysis of the total number of thyroid cancer cases with all histological types in Bulgaria (thyroid cancer, ICD10 code C73), diagnosed between 01/01/1980 and 31/12/2013, and retrieved from the anonymous cancer registry database of the Bulgarian National Cancer Registry. Age-standardized rates of thyroid cancer per 100,000 persons were calculated for each year of the periods mentioned below by sex and age, utilizing the WHO world reference populations with a special statistical module of the Bulgarian National Cancer Registry’s software CancerRegBG, 2011. Incidence rates were reported by age, sex, and period of diagnosis (1980-86, 1987-93, 1994-99, 2000-2006, 2007-2013). Trends among males and females were analyzed separately, as well as by age category: 0-19, 20-44, 45-64, and 65+. Annual percentage changes of age-standardized incidence rates were analyzed by Joinpoint regression to determine trends using the Joinpoint statistical software SEER* Stat Software, Version 4.1.1, 2014. Results: The age-standardized rates of thyroid cancer in Bulgaria has been increasing since 1990, being higher among women compared to men (4.68 vs 2.81). The highest age-standardized rates of thyroid cancer was observed in women in the 2007-2013 period. The only significant joinpoint was recorded in 1990 for females and in 1991 for males. The highest incidence rates was in the Smolyan district, a region with historically existing iodine deficiency and relatively high post-Chernobyl radiation exposure. Conclusion: Our results showed that, in different regions, the age-standardized thyroid cancer rates between endemic and non-endemic differ greatly depending on the radiation dose from the Chernobyl accident. The role of iodine intake in thyroid cancer remains uncertain, but iodine deficiency could be a contributing factor to the increased risk of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Borislavova Ivanova
- Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Preventive Medicine, and Public Health Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski” School of Medicine, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Ivanova LB, Vukov MI, Vassileva-Valerianova ZG. Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Bulgaria before and after the Introduction of Universal Salt Iodization: An Analysis of the National Cancer Registry Data. Balkan Med J 2020. [PMID: 32856882 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019-10-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system and it has become the fastest growing cancer among women. The suspected risk factors include increased exposure to ionizing radiation during childhood, environmental pollutants, possible iodine deficiency, and excessive iodine exposure. Aims To analyze the thyroid cancer incidence between 1980 and 2013 in Bulgaria and to determine the incidence rate before and after the introduction of universal salt iodization in 1994 in regions with different iodine deficiency levels. Study Design Retrospective cohort. Methods The study was a retrospective analysis of the total number of thyroid cancer cases with all histological types in Bulgaria (thyroid cancer, ICD10 code C73), diagnosed between 01/01/1980 and 31/12/2013, and retrieved from the anonymous cancer registry database of the Bulgarian National Cancer Registry. Age-standardized rates of thyroid cancer per 100,000 persons were calculated for each year of the periods mentioned below by sex and age, utilizing the WHO world reference populations with a special statistical module of the Bulgarian National Cancer Registry’s software CancerRegBG, 2011. Incidence rates were reported by age, sex, and period of diagnosis (1980-86, 1987-93, 1994-99, 2000-2006, 2007-2013). Trends among males and females were analyzed separately, as well as by age category: 0-19, 20-44, 45-64, and 65+. Annual percentage changes of age-standardized incidence rates were analyzed by Joinpoint regression to determine trends using the Joinpoint statistical software SEER* Stat Software, Version 4.1.1, 2014. Results The age-standardized rates of thyroid cancer in Bulgaria has been increasing since 1990, being higher among women compared to men (4.68 vs 2.81). The highest age-standardized rates of thyroid cancer was observed in women in the 2007-2013 period. The only significant joinpoint was recorded in 1990 for females and in 1991 for males. The highest incidence rates was in the Smolyan district, a region with historically existing iodine deficiency and relatively high post-Chernobyl radiation exposure. Conclusion Our results showed that, in different regions, the age-standardized thyroid cancer rates between endemic and non-endemic differ greatly depending on the radiation dose from the Chernobyl accident. The role of iodine intake in thyroid cancer remains uncertain, but iodine deficiency could be a contributing factor to the increased risk of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Borislavova Ivanova
- Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Preventive Medicine, and Public Health Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski” School of Medicine, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Xi C, Zhang GQ, Sun ZK, Song HJ, Shen CT, Chen XY, Sun JW, Qiu ZL, Luo QY. Interleukins in Thyroid Cancer: From Basic Researches to Applications in Clinical Practice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1124. [PMID: 32655554 PMCID: PMC7325887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is crucial to tumorigenesis and progression of many cancers. Inflammatory molecules in tumor microenvironment exert pro- or anti-tumor effects. Among them, interleukin, mainly produced by CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, is a class of small molecule proteins which play an important role in intercellular communication. Numerous studies have confirmed that interleukins are closely related to thyroid cancer. Interleukins regulate the proliferation and migration of thyroid cancer cells and they have prospects in discriminating benign and malignant thyroid diseases, predicting the risk of tumorigenesis, evaluating the prognosis and monitoring the recurrence of thyroid cancer. Besides, the effective application of interleukins in treatment of thyroid cancer has been confirmed by some cell and animal researches. The present review will introduce the potential mechanisms of interleukins in thyroid cancer and focus on the applications of interleukins in clinical practice of thyroid cancer, which will help update understanding of the progress of interleukins researches in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Xi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Kui Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Jun Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Tian Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Wen Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Ling Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Fernández-Vañes L, Llorente JL, García-Cabo P, Menéndez M, Pedregal D, Rodrigo JP, López F. Management of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yan AR, Zhang X, Shen H, Zhou X, Li R, Yuan Z. Urinary iodine is increased in papillary thyroid carcinoma but is not altered by regional population iodine intake status: a meta-analysis and implications. Endocr J 2019; 66:497-514. [PMID: 30890682 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive iodine intake has been associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer (TC) in many studies, but the results have not been consistent. Since it was common knowledge that urinary iodine (UI) is considered a sensitive marker of current iodine intake, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the association between high UI and TC. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, and the Cochrane Collaboration. Between-group meta-analyses were performed to compare UI between TC patients and the healthy/euthyroid subjects in local residents and benign thyroid nodules (BTN) patients. Then, between-group meta-analyses to compare the incidence rate of iodine excess were also conducted. The 22 case-control studies included in the meta-analyses represented 15,476 participants. It is the first time to clarify that UI was increased in PTC patients, but was not altered by regional population iodine intake status. Compared with BTN patients, PTC patients exhibited both higher UIC and higher odds ratio of iodine excess only in adequate iodine intake status subgroup; UIC, not the odds ratio of iodine excess, was higher in patients with PTC than those with BTN in above requirements iodine intake subgroup. A novel insight is offered that high UI in PTC patients was less influenced by regional population iodine intake status. It is indicted that high iodine intake is not a risk factor for PTC and high urinary iodine is just a specific characteristic of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Rong Yan
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617, Australia
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Zhenghua South Street Community Healthcare Center, Datong 037000, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Neuro-psychiatric Institute, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Neuro-psychiatric Institute, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhexing Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Dellal FD, Polat ŞB, Yazıcıoğlu MÖ, Tatlı Doğan H, Ersoy R, Çakır B. Are There Any Differences in Clinicopathological Features of Thyroid Cancer Between Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients? ANKARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17098/amj.581998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Liu GS, Cook A, Richardson M, Vail D, Holsinger FC, Oakley-Girvan I. Thyroid cancer risk in airline cockpit and cabin crew: a meta-analysis. CANCERS OF THE HEAD & NECK 2018; 3:7. [PMID: 31093360 PMCID: PMC6460828 DOI: 10.1186/s41199-018-0034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airline crew are exposed to ionizing radiation as part of their occupation and have a documented increased risk of melanoma and cataracts. However, whether their occupation predisposes them to an increased risk of thyroid cancer is not established. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the risk of thyroid cancer in airline cockpit and cabin crew compared with the general population. METHODS The MEDLINE database accessed via PubMed and Cochrane Database were searched. We included cohort studies reporting the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) or standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of thyroid cancers in any flight-based occupation. RESULTS Of the 1777 citations retrieved in PubMed, eight studies with a total of 243,088 aircrew members and over 3,334,114 person-years of follow-up were included in this meta-analysis. No relevant studies were identified on Cochrane Database. The overall summary SIR of participants in any flight-based occupation was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.79-1.57; p = 0.613; 6 records). The summary SIR for cockpit crew was 1.21 (95% CI, 0.75-1.95; p = 0.383; 4 records) and the summary SIR for cabin crew was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.60-1.66; p = 0.646; 2 records). The overall summary standardized mortality ratio for airline crew was 1.19 (95% CI, 0.59-2.39; p = 0.773; 2 records). CONCLUSION Airline crew were not found to have a significantly elevated risk of thyroid cancer incidence or mortality relative to the general population. Future research should capitalize on the growing occupational cohort dataset and employ innovative methods to quantify lifetime radiation exposure to further assess thyroid cancer risk in airline crew.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S. Liu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 801 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Austin Cook
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Michael Richardson
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Daniel Vail
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - F. Christopher Holsinger
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 801 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Ingrid Oakley-Girvan
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538 USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, the Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection and the Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Public Health Institute, Oakland, CA 94607 USA
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Management of differentiated thyroid carcinomas. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2018; 70:200-206. [PMID: 29880224 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Radioiodine is the principal treatment for differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The aim of this study is to present our experience in the management of these tumours. MATERIAL AND METHOD We present a retrospective study of 55 patients operated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma in our hospital between 2007 and 2011. RESULTS The mean age at time of diagnosis was 49 years, and females predominated (78% of cases). Seventy eight percent of the patients were in the initial stages (stages i and ii). The definitive histopathological diagnosis was papillary carcinoma in 84% and follicular carcinoma in the remaining 16%. All of the patients, with the exception of 2 (4%), underwent total thyroidectomy, with lymphadenectomy in 58% of cases. Nine percent of the patients had permanent hypoparathyroidism and although 18% suffered transitory unilateral paralysis, 40% of these female patients had completely recovered after 6 months. Eighty-nine percent of the patients were given radioiodine postoperatively. There was a recurrence rate of 40% most of which was at cervical level (29% of the patients). Survival at 5 years was 87%, 95% of the papillary subtype, falling to 56% of the follicular subtype (P=.001). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS The prognosis for differentiated thyroid carcinomas is excellent after appropriate surgical treatment, thorough preoperative assessment,and strict postoperative follow-up due to the significant recurrence rates.
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Zhao J, Wang H, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Yao J, Zhang R, Liao L, Dong J. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for thyroid cancer: A meta-analysis of case-control studies. Nutrition 2018; 57:5-11. [PMID: 30086436 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between vitamin D deficiency and thyroid cancer is controversial. Some studies have demonstrated that higher serum vitamin D levels might protect against thyroid cancer, whereas others have not, or have even indicated the opposite to be the case. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between vitamin D deficicency and thyroid cancer and propose that vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for thyroid cancer. METHODS This was a meta-analysis of 14 articles of the association between vitamin D deficiency and thyroid cancer. Databases including PubMed, Cochrane library, Sinomed, CNKI, Wanfang, and clinical trial register centers, were searched for case-control studies of vitamin D in thyroid cancer. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. A fixed-effect model was used to merge the standardized mean difference value of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. The pooled effect showed that the levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were lower in patients with thyroid cancer preoperatively than in the controls (-0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.36 to -0.09; P = 0.001). There was no difference after thyroid cancer patients underwent thyroidectomy (-0.19; 95% CI, -0.47 to 0.10; P = 0.21). A fixed-effect model was used to pool the odds ratio of thyroid cancer and vitamin D deficiency. It showed that the pooled odds ratio from six studies was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.00-1.69; P = 0.05). Subgroup analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between different pathologic characteristics in patients with thyroid cancer was summarized, but no statistical differences were determined. CONCLUSIONS Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were associated with increased risk for thyroid cancer. On the other hand, vitamin D deficiency may act as a risk factor for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Drozd VM, Branovan I, Shiglik N, Biko J, Reiners C. Thyroid Cancer Induction: Nitrates as Independent Risk Factors or Risk Modulators after Radiation Exposure, with a Focus on the Chernobyl Accident. Eur Thyroid J 2018; 7:67-74. [PMID: 29594057 PMCID: PMC5869559 DOI: 10.1159/000485971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) incidence has been increasing worldwide. The important contributions to this phenomenon of "overdiagnosis" driven by wider use of improved ultrasound systems are amply documented, notwithstanding the "real" carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation, e.g., from the Chernobyl accident or health care interventions. Less well understood is the role of nitrates - as environmental pollutants, in diet, and in medication - in thyroid carcinogenesis. Increasing exposure to nitrates is associated with rising incidence of esophageal, stomach, bladder, and colon cancers. Recent data suggest that in agricultural areas with higher mean nitrate levels in groundwater, DTC risk is also elevated. Our work in Belarus after Chernobyl has shown that children in districts with high nitrate concentrations in drinking water had significantly higher thyroid cancer incidence after irradiation than did their counterparts in areas with lower nitrate concentrations. Notwithstanding thyroid shielding, increasing use of computed tomography and dental X-rays heightens radiation exposure of the salivary glands in the general population, especially in children and adolescents. When nitrate intake is increased, salivary gland irradiation may potentially result in carcinogenic elevations in plasma nitric oxide concentrations. In conclusion, excess nitrate intake seems to be an independent risk factor for DTC. Additionally, we hypothesize from our data that high nitrate levels modulate the carcinogenic effect of radiation on the thyroid. Cohort studies, case-control studies, or both, are needed to quantify the effects of nitrates on DTC risk in the presence or absence of radiation exposure, e.g., that associated with diagnostic or therapeutic health care interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina M. Drozd
- The International Fund “Help for patients with radiation-induced thyroid cancer ‘Arnica’”, Minsk, Belarus
- Project Chernobyl, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- *Prof. Valentina M. Drozd, MD, PhD, The International Fund “Help for patients with radiation-induced thyroid cancer ‘Arnica’”, Zolotaya Gorka 11, 1, Minsk 220005 (Belarus), E-Mail
| | | | | | - Johannes Biko
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Reiners
- The International Fund “Help for patients with radiation-induced thyroid cancer ‘Arnica’”, Minsk, Belarus
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Dong W, Li J, Li J, Zhang P, Wang Z, Sun W, Zhang H. Reduced expression of oestrogen receptor-β is associated with tumour invasion and metastasis in oestrogen receptor-α-negative human papillary thyroid carcinoma. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 99:15-21. [PMID: 29655286 PMCID: PMC5917391 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oestrogens play an important role in the development and progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) through oestrogen receptor (ER)-α and -β, which may exert different or even opposing actions in PTC. The roles of ERβ in ERα-negative PTC are still not clear. This study investigated the expression dynamics of ERβ1 (wild-type ERβ) and its clinical significance in female ERα-negative PTC patients. ERβ1 expression was detected in thyroid tissues of 136 female patients diagnosed with PTC. The relationships between ERβ1 expression and clinicopathological/biological factors were also analysed in female ERα-negative PTC patients. The total score for ERβ1 was significantly lower in female ERα-negative PTC patients with LNM or ETE when compared to those without LNM or ETE (Z = -2.923, P = 0.003 and Z = -3.441, P = 0.001). Accordingly, the total score for ERβ1 was significantly higher in ERα-negative PTC patients expressing E-cadherin compared to patients negative for E-cadherin expression (Z = -2.636, P = 0.008). The total score was lower in ERα-negative PTC patients positive for VEGF expression compared to those negative for VEGF expression (Z = -1.914, P = 0.056). This preliminary study indicates that reduced expression of ERβ1 in female ERα-negative PTC patients is associated with greater progression of the disease. This may provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of ERβ1 and could help design targeted approaches for treating or even preventing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Wu Dong
- Department of Thyroid SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jian Li
- Department of SurgeryJinqiu Hospital of LiaoningShenyangChina
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of EndocrinologyLiaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine DiseasesThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Thyroid SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Zhi‐Hong Wang
- Department of Thyroid SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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Abstract
Ultrasound is the first-line diagnostic tool for diagnosis of thyroid diseases. The low aggressiveness of many thyroid cancers coupled with high sensitivity of sonography can lead to cancer diagnosis and treatment with no effect on outcomes. Ultrasound is recognized as the most important driver of thyroid cancer overdiagnosis. Ultrasound should not be used as a general screening tool and should be reserved for patients at high risk of thyroid cancer and in the diagnostic management of incidentally discovered thyroid nodules. With prescreening risk stratification and application of consensus criteria for nodule biopsy, the value of the diagnostic ultrasound can be maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, White 270, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Yuhong Shao
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Feixiang Xiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Anthony E Samir
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, White 270, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Benign breast disease and risk of thyroid cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:913-920. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Alshehri B. Descriptive Epidemiological Analysis of Thyroid Cancer in the
Saudi Population (2001-2013). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1445-1451. [PMID: 28612600 PMCID: PMC5555560 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.5.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Thyroid cancer has one of the highest frequency rates among thyroid diseases, and ranks second for
neoplasia in the Saudi female population. This paper concerns a comprehensive evaluation of increasing incidence
trends and geographical distribution of different patterns of thyroid cancer among the Saudi Arabian population using
the latest Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) reports. Methods: The analysis included a total of 7,670 thyroid cancer cases
(1604 male and 6066 female) which were recorded in the SCR files for the period between January 2001 and December
2013. Results: The overall incidence of thyroid cancer increased during the period from 2001 to 2013. The most
common age group affected was 35–39 years in both sexes. Najran recorded the highest differences in thyroid cancer
rates with increase between 2001 and 2013. Controversially, other regions like Tabuk and the Northern provinces
recorded obvious decreases in rates of thyroid cancer among females. Conclusion: Thyroid cancer is the second most
common cancer among females in Saudi Arabia with incidence peaks in both genders aged 35–39 years and increase
overtall in the country from 2001 to 2013. The specific causes of this upward trend are unknown. Further clinical and
epidemiological research must be conducted for clarification, with an emphasis of causes of the variation in thyroid
cancer prevalence between regions in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudia Arabia.
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CXCL12 methylation-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44033. [PMID: 28272462 PMCID: PMC5356381 DOI: 10.1038/srep44033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer, and its incidence rate is rapidly growing. It is necessary to understand the pathogenesis of PTC to develop effective diagnosis methods. Promoter methylation has been recognized to contribute to the alterations in gene expression observed in tumorigenesis. Our RNA-seq data identified 1191 differentially expressed mRNAs and 147 differentially expressed lncRNAs in PTC. Next, promoter methylation of these genes was detected by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) technology and comprehensively analyzed to identify differential methylation. In total, 14 genes (13 mRNAs and 1 lncRNA), in which methylation was intimately involved in regulating gene expression, were proposed as novel diagnostic biomarkers. To gain insights into the relationships among these 14 genes, a core co-function network was constructed based on co-expression, co-function and co-methylation data. Notably, CXCL12 was identified as an essential gene in the network that was closely connected with the other genes. These data suggested that CXCL12 down-regulation in PTC may be caused by promoter hypermethylation. Our study was the first to perform an RRBS analysis for PTC and suggested that CXCL12 may contribute to PTC development by methylation-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression.
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25
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Manibusan MK, Touart LW. A comprehensive review of regulatory test methods for endocrine adverse health effects. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:433-481. [PMID: 28617201 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1272095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Development of new endocrine disruption-relevant test methods has been the subject of intensive research efforts for the past several decades, prompted in part by mandates in the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA). While scientific understanding and test methods have advanced, questions remain on whether current scientific methods are capable of adequately addressing the complexities of the endocrine system for regulatory health and ecological risk assessments. The specific objective of this article is to perform a comprehensive, detailed evaluation of the adequacy of current test methods to inform regulatory risk assessments of whether a substance has the potential to perturb endocrine-related pathways resulting in human adverse effects. To that end, approximately 42 existing test guidelines (TGs) were considered in the evaluation of coverage for endocrine-related adverse effects. In addition to evaluations of whether test methods are adequate to capture endocrine-related effects, considerations of further enhancements to current test methods, along with the need to develop novel test methods to address existing test method gaps are described. From this specific evaluation, up to 35 test methods are capable of informing whether a chemical substance perturbs known endocrine related biological pathways. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that current validated test methods are adequate to discern substances that may perturb the endocrine system, resulting in an adverse health effect. Together, these test methods predominantly form the core data requirements of a typical food-use pesticide registration submission. It is recognized, however, that the current state of science is rapidly advancing and there is a need to update current test methods to include added enhancements to ensure continued coverage and public health and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L W Touart
- b Equiparent Consulting , Woodbridge , VA , USA
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Nieto H, Boelaert K. WOMEN IN CANCER THEMATIC REVIEW: Thyroid-stimulating hormone in thyroid cancer: does it matter? Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T109-T121. [PMID: 27633516 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and the incidence is increasing rapidly worldwide. Appropriate diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring of patients with thyroid tumours are critical. Fine needle aspiration cytology remains the gold standard for diagnosing thyroid cancer, and although there have been significant refinements to this technique, diagnostic surgery is often required for patients suspected to have malignancy. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is higher in patients with malignant thyroid nodules than in those with benign disease, and TSH is proportionally increased in more aggressive tumours. Importantly, we have shown that the pre-operative serum TSH concentration independently predicts the presence of malignancy in subjects presenting with thyroid nodules. Establishing the use of TSH measurements in algorithms identifying high-risk thyroid nodules in routine clinical practice represents an exciting, cost-efficient and non-invasive approach to optimise thyroid cancer diagnosis. Binding of TSH to receptors on thyrocytes stimulates a number of growth promoting pathways both in normal and malignant thyroid cells, and TSH suppression with high doses of levothyroxine is routinely used after thyroidectomy to prevent cancer recurrence, especially in high-risk tumours. This review examines the relationship between serum TSH and thyroid cancer and reflects on the clinical potential of TSH measurements in diagnosis and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Nieto
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kristien Boelaert
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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27
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Wiltshire JJ, Drake TM, Uttley L, Balasubramanian SP. Systematic Review of Trends in the Incidence Rates of Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2016; 26:1541-1552. [PMID: 27571228 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large proportion of global increase in thyroid cancer (TC) incidence has been attributed to increased detection of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Nonetheless, some reports support a real increase in incidence. This study aimed to perform a systematic review to evaluate the changing trends in TC incidence and summarize potential risk factors predisposing to this trend. METHODS Literature published in the English language between 1980 and August 2014 was searched via PubMed (MEDLINE) and OvidSP (EMBASE). Original studies on changes in TC incidence in defined geographic areas that described clear methods of case selection and population estimates were included. Data on incidence rates and risk factors were collected. RESULTS Of 4719 manuscripts, 60 studies were included, of which 31 were from Europe, 13 from North America, and the rest from Asia (n = 9), Oceania (n = 4), and South America (n = 3). Fifty-three articles reported a significant increase in incidence (highest was a 10-fold increase in South Korea), six reported stable rates, and one noted a decrease. PTC was the commonest type reported to have increased in incidence (in 10 studies with relevant data). Follicular TC increased in incidence (in four studies), albeit at a lower rate compared with PTC. Data on risk factors were sparse; factors discussed included ionizing radiation, iodine deficiency, and supplementation. CONCLUSION This systematic review strongly supports a widespread and persistent increase in TC incidence. Evidence for over-detection of PTC as the predominant influence includes increased numbers of smaller size tumors and improved or unchanged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas M Drake
- 1 Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Uttley
- 2 School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Luo J, Hendryx M, Manson JE, Liang X, Margolis KL. Hysterectomy, Oophorectomy, and Risk of Thyroid Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3812-3819. [PMID: 27459531 PMCID: PMC5052349 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Estrogen has been suggested as a risk factor for thyroid cancer. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the associations between hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), and incidence of thyroid cancer. DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study. SETTING The study was conducted at 40 clinical centers in the United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 127 566 women aged 50-79 were enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative during 1993-1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hysterectomy and BSO were self-reported. Incident thyroid cancer cases were confirmed by medical record review. RESULTS Three hundred forty-four incident thyroid cancer cases were identified during an average of 14.4 years of follow-up. Compared with women without hysterectomy, women with hysterectomy, regardless of ovarian status, had a significantly higher risk of thyroid cancer (hazard ratio 1.46 [95% confidence interval 1.16-1.85]). Hysterectomy with BSO was not associated with a lower risk for thyroid cancer compared with hysterectomy alone. Among women with hysterectomy alone, hormone therapy use was associated with lower risk of thyroid cancer (hazard ratio 0.47 [95% confidence interval 0.28-0.78]). However, we did not observe significant associations between hormone therapy use and thyroid cancer in women without hysterectomy or women with hysterectomy plus BSO. CONCLUSION Our large prospective study observed that hysterectomy, regardless of oophorectomy status, was associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer among postmenopausal women. In addition, our data did not support the hypotheses that exogenous estrogen is a risk factor or that estrogen deprivation is a protective factor for thyroid cancer. Further research is needed to clarify whether these apparent associations may be due to shared risk factors between indications for hysterectomy and thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhua Luo
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.L.) and Applied Health Science (M.H.), School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; China Institute of Health (X.L.), School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875; and HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research (K.L.M.), Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440-1524
| | - Michael Hendryx
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.L.) and Applied Health Science (M.H.), School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; China Institute of Health (X.L.), School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875; and HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research (K.L.M.), Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440-1524
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.L.) and Applied Health Science (M.H.), School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; China Institute of Health (X.L.), School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875; and HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research (K.L.M.), Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440-1524
| | - XiaoYun Liang
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.L.) and Applied Health Science (M.H.), School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; China Institute of Health (X.L.), School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875; and HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research (K.L.M.), Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440-1524
| | - Karen L Margolis
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.L.) and Applied Health Science (M.H.), School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; China Institute of Health (X.L.), School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875; and HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research (K.L.M.), Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440-1524
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Fucic A, Aghajanyan A, Druzhinin V, Minina V, Neronova E. Follow-up studies on genome damage in children after Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2147-2159. [PMID: 27329326 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As children are more susceptible to ionizing radiation than adults, each nuclear accident demands special attention and care of this vulnerable population. The Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred in a region populated with a large number of children, but despite all efforts and expertise of nuclear specialists, it was not possible to avoid casualties. As vast regions of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia were exposed to doses of ionizing radiation, which are known to be related with different diseases, shortly after the accident medical surveillance was launched, which also included analysis of genome damage. Child population affected by internal and external radiation consisted of subjects exposed prenatally, postnatally (both evacuated and non-evacuated), born by irradiated fathers who worked as liquidators, and parents exposed environmentally. In all groups of children during the last 30 years who were exposed to doses which were significantly higher than that recommended for general population of 1 mSv per year, increased genome damage was detected. Increased genome damage includes statistically higher frequency of dicentric and ring chromosomes, chromated and chromosome breaks, acentric fragments, translocations, and micronuclei. The presence of rogue cells confirmed internal contamination. Genome instability and radiosensitivity in children was detected both in evacuated and continuously exposed children. Today the population exposed to ionizing radiation in 1986 is in reproductive period of life and follow-up of this population and their offspring is of great importance. This review aims to give insight in results of studies, which reported genome damage in children in journals without language restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Fucic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c 2, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Anna Aghajanyan
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Druzhinin
- Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation.,Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Varvara Minina
- Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation.,Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta Neronova
- Nikiforov Russian Center Emergency and Radiation Medicine EMERCOM of Russia, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Yuan Q, Bu Q, Li G, Zhang J, Cui T, Zhu R, Mu D. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) and susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:564-70. [PMID: 26052935 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer, predominantly by papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), is a malignant tumour of endocrine system with increasing incidence rate worldwide. Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) regulates a variety of biological processes by transactivation of functional genes. In this study, we investigated the association between USF1 polymorphisms and PTC risk. MATERIAL & METHODS A total of 334 patients with PTC, 186 patients with benign nodules (BN) and 668 healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Tag-SNPs were identified in Chinese Han in Beijing (CHB) from International HapMap Project Databases. Genomic DNAs were extracted by TaqMan Blood DNA kits. SNPs of USF1 were genotyped by TaqMan SNPs genotyping assay. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the association between USF1 genetic variants and PTC risk. The statistical analyses were carried out with spss 13.0 software. RESULTS Five tag-SNPs were retrieved to capture all the genetic variants of USF1. Among the five tag-SNPs, genetic variants in rs2516838, rs3737787 and rs2516839 have significant association with PTC risk. The rs2516838 polymorphisms dominant model (CG+GG vs CC: OR = 0·71; 95% CI: 0·52-0·97; P = 0·033) and allelic model (C vs G: OR = 0·031; 95% CI: 0·56-0·97; P = 0·031) indicated it may act as a protective factor against PTC. On the contrary, the results of rs3737787 polymorphisms: dominant model (CT+TT vs CC: OR = 1·55; 95%CI: 1·09-2·02; P = 0·001) and allelic model (C vs T: OR = 1·35; 95%CI: 1·10-1·64; P = 0·003), as well as the results of rs2516839 polymorphisms: dominant model (GA+AA vs GG: OR = 1·77; 95%CI: 1·31-2·38; P < 0·001) and allelic model (G vs A: OR = 1·36; 95%CI: 1·13-1·63; P = 0·014), revealed that they may act as risk factors for PTC. CONCLUSION In this study, we found the SNPs of rs2516838 (mutant G alleles vs wild C alleles), rs3737787 (mutant T alleles vs wild C alleles) and rs2516839 (mutant A alleles vs wild G alleles) were significantly associated with PTC risk. Further large-scale studies with different ethnicities are still needed to validate our findings and explore the underlying mechanism of USF1 in PTC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhong Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Qingao Bu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Tao Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Dongpo Mu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
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Luo J, Phillips L, Liu S, Wactawski-Wende J, Margolis KL. Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment, and Risk of Thyroid Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1243-8. [PMID: 26760177 PMCID: PMC4803153 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the relationships among diabetes, diabetes treatment and thyroid cancer risk using a large prospective cohort, the Women's Health Initiative. METHODS A total of 147 934 women who were free of known cancer at baseline were followed prospectively. Diabetes status and diabetes treatment at baseline and during follow-up were ascertained. Incident cases of thyroid cancers were confirmed by physician review of central medical records and pathology reports. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for thyroid cancer risk associated with diabetes status, diabetes treatment, and duration of diabetes. RESULTS With a median follow-up time of 15.9 years, 391 incident thyroid cancers were identified. We found no significant associations between thyroid cancer and diabetes (hazard ratio = 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-1.52), diabetes treatment, or duration of diabetes. CONCLUSION Our findings do not support the hypothesis that diabetes, or treatment of diabetes is associated with risk of thyroid cancer among postmenopausal women. Studies to investigate the specific effects of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance on thyroid cancer risk may provide additional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.L.), School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Division of Endocrinology (L.P.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; School of Public Health (S.L.), The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214; and HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research (K.L.M.), Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440
| | - Lawrence Phillips
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.L.), School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Division of Endocrinology (L.P.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; School of Public Health (S.L.), The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214; and HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research (K.L.M.), Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.L.), School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Division of Endocrinology (L.P.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; School of Public Health (S.L.), The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214; and HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research (K.L.M.), Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.L.), School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Division of Endocrinology (L.P.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; School of Public Health (S.L.), The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214; and HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research (K.L.M.), Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440
| | - Karen L Margolis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.L.), School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Division of Endocrinology (L.P.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; School of Public Health (S.L.), The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214; and HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research (K.L.M.), Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440
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Dralle H, Machens A, Basa J, Fatourechi V, Franceschi S, Hay ID, Nikiforov YE, Pacini F, Pasieka JL, Sherman SI. Follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2015; 1:15077. [PMID: 27188261 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Follicular cell-derived thyroid cancers are derived from the follicular cells in the thyroid gland, which secrete the iodine-containing thyroid hormones. Follicular cell-derived thyroid cancers can be classified into papillary thyroid cancer (80-85%), follicular thyroid cancer (10-15%), poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (<2%) and undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid cancer (<2%), and these have an excellent prognosis with the exception of undifferentiated thyroid cancer. The advent and expansion of advanced diagnostic techniques has driven and continues to drive the epidemic of occult papillary thyroid cancer, owing to overdiagnosis of clinically irrelevant nodules. This transformation of the thyroid cancer landscape at molecular and clinical levels calls for the modification of management strategies towards personalized medicine based on individual risk assessment to deliver the most effective but least aggressive treatment. In thyroid cancer surgery, for instance, injuries to structures outside the thyroid gland, such as the recurrent laryngeal nerve in 2-5% of surgeries or the parathyroid glands in 5-10% of surgeries, negatively affect quality of life more than loss of the expendable thyroid gland. Furthermore, the risks associated with radioiodine ablation may outweigh the risks of persistent or recurrent disease and disease-specific mortality. Improvement in the health-related quality of life of survivors of follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer, which is decreased despite the generally favourable outcome, hinges on early tumour detection and minimization of treatment-related sequelae. Future opportunities include more widespread adoption of molecular and clinical risk stratification and identification of actionable targets for individualized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Dralle
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Machens
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Johanna Basa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vahab Fatourechi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Silvia Franceschi
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ian D Hay
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuri E Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Furio Pacini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Janice L Pasieka
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven I Sherman
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Zhang Y, Qiu L, He C, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang D, Li Z. Serum Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids: A Potential Biomarker Panel for Differentiating Benign Thyroid Diseases from Thyroid Cancer. J Cancer 2015; 6:1276-81. [PMID: 26640588 PMCID: PMC4643084 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum free fatty acids (FFAs) are correlated with pathological status, and change in serum FFA levels may be associated with thyroid diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 664 serum samples from 322 healthy controls, 129 patients with benign thyroid disease (BTD), and 213 patients with thyroid cancer (TC) were collected. Chip-based direct-infusion nanoelectrospray-mass spectrometry was performed to simultaneously quantify six serum FFAs (i.e., C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:4, and C22:6.), with the excellent correlation coefficients of > 0.99 and relative standard deviation of <18% for all analysts. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences in serum FFA levels between three above-mentioned groups. RESULTS Significant increase in the levels of C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:4, and C22:6 in healthy controls relative to TC patients and BTD patients was observed, and the levels of C16:1, C18:2, C20:4, and C22:6 in BTD patients were significantly decreased relative to TC patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that a combination of C16:1, C18:2, C20:4, and C22:6 has excellent diagnostic performance to differentiate BTD patients from TC patients, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.857, a sensitivity of 76.8%, and a specificity of 83.7%. CONCLUSIONS Change in serum levels of FFAs is closely correlated with thyroid diseases, and a biomarker panel (C16:1, C18:2, C20:4, and C22:6) should be of benefit to differentiate BTD patients from TC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- 1. Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Ling Qiu
- 2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Chengyan He
- 3. Clinical Lab Diagnosis, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- 4. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Heze Municipal Hospital, Shandong 1740031, PR China
| | - Yujie Liu
- 1. Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- 1. Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Zhili Li
- 1. Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
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Svenson B, Larsson L, Båth M. Optimization of exposure in panoramic radiography while maintaining image quality using adaptive filtering. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 74:229-35. [PMID: 26478956 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of using advanced external adaptive image processing for maintaining image quality while reducing exposure in dental panoramic storage phosphor plate (SPP) radiography. Materials and methods Thirty-seven SPP radiographs of a skull phantom were acquired using a Scanora panoramic X-ray machine with various tube load, tube voltage, SPP sensitivity and filtration settings. The radiographs were processed using General Operator Processor (GOP) technology. Fifteen dentists, all within the dental radiology field, compared the structural image quality of each radiograph with a reference image on a 5-point rating scale in a visual grading characteristics (VGC) study. The reference image was acquired with the acquisition parameters commonly used in daily operation (70 kVp, 150 mAs and sensitivity class 200) and processed using the standard process parameters supplied by the modality vendor. Results All GOP-processed images with similar (or higher) dose as the reference image resulted in higher image quality than the reference. All GOP-processed images with similar image quality as the reference image were acquired at a lower dose than the reference. This indicates that the external image processing improved the image quality compared with the standard processing. Regarding acquisition parameters, no strong dependency of the image quality on the radiation quality was seen and the image quality was mainly affected by the dose. Conclusions The present study indicates that advanced external adaptive image processing may be beneficial in panoramic radiography for increasing the image quality of SPP radiographs or for reducing the exposure while maintaining image quality.
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MESH Headings
- Filtration/instrumentation
- Humans
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/standards
- Phantoms, Imaging
- Radiation Dosage
- Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods
- Radiography, Dental, Digital/methods
- Radiography, Dental, Digital/standards
- Radiography, Panoramic/methods
- Radiography, Panoramic/standards
- Skull/diagnostic imaging
- Technology, Radiologic/methods
- X-Ray Intensifying Screens
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Svenson
- a Department of Oral Radiology , Postgraduate Dental Education Center , Örebro , Sweden
- b Faculty of Medicine and Health , School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden
- c Department of Radiology , Skaraborg Hospital Skövde , Skövde , Sweden
| | - Lars Larsson
- c Department of Radiology , Skaraborg Hospital Skövde , Skövde , Sweden
| | - Magnus Båth
- d Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden
- e Department of Radiation Physics , Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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35
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Crump C, Sundquist J, Sieh W, Winkleby MA, Sundquist K. Fetal growth and subsequent maternal risk of thyroid cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1085-93. [PMID: 26379007 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer has peak incidence among women of reproductive age, and growth factors, which have procarcinogenic properties, may play an important etiologic role. However, the association between fetal growth rate during a woman's pregnancy and her subsequent risk of thyroid cancer has not been previously examined. We conducted a national cohort study of 1,837,634 mothers who had a total of 3,588,497 live-births in Sweden in 1973-2008, followed up for thyroid cancer incidence through 2009. There were 2,202 mothers subsequently diagnosed with thyroid cancer in 36.8 million person-years of follow-up. After adjusting for maternal age, height, weight, smoking, and sociodemographic factors, high fetal growth (birth weight standardized for gestational age and sex) was associated with a subsequent increased risk of thyroid cancer in the mother (incidence rate ratio [IRR] per additional 1 standard deviation, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09; p = 0.02). Each 1,000 g increase in the infant's birth weight was associated with a 13% increase in the mother's subsequent risk of thyroid cancer (IRR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05-1.22; p = 0.001). These findings appeared to involve both papillary and follicular subtypes, and did not vary significantly by the mother's height, weight or smoking status. In this large national cohort study, high fetal growth during a woman's pregnancy was independently associated with a subsequent increased risk of her developing thyroid cancer. If confirmed, these findings suggest an important role of maternal growth factors in the development of thyroid cancer, and potentially may help facilitate the identification of high-risk subgroups of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Crump
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Marilyn A Winkleby
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Tolisano AM, Klem C, Lustik MB, Sniezek JC, Golden JB. Effect of a second primary thyroid carcinoma on patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E890-4. [PMID: 25965105 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to characterize the timing, histology, and behavior of second primary thyroid carcinoma (SPTC) developing after a diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 9 database. RESULTS Patients with HNSCC who develop SPTC die 1.6 times sooner than those without SPTC. This effect is only seen if SPTC presents >6 months after diagnosis of HNSCC. Models were adjusted for age, sex, year of diagnosis, and location of HNSCC. There was no effect of prior radiation therapy on either mortality rates or time to development of thyroid cancer in patients with SPTC. The type of thyroid carcinoma that developed was similar between cohorts. CONCLUSION The development of SPTC in patients with HNSCC results in decreased overall length of survival. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E890-E894, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Tolisano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Christopher Klem
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Michael B Lustik
- Department of Clinical Investigations, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Joseph C Sniezek
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - J Blake Golden
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
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Lebo NL, Raymond F, Odell MJ. Selectively false-positive radionuclide scan in a patient with sarcoidosis and papillary thyroid cancer: a case report and review of the literature. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 44:18. [PMID: 25971453 PMCID: PMC4440505 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-015-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radioiodine and Tc-99 m pertechnetate scans are routinely relied upon to detect metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer; false-positive scans are relatively rare. To our knowledge, no published reports exist of sarcoidosis causing such selectively false-positive scans. Methods We present a case of a 41-year-old woman with known metastatic papillary thyroid cancer (T1bN1aMx) in whom sarcoidosis-affected cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes demonstrated uptake of thyroid-targeting radionuclides. Only the minority of these nodes demonstrated radionuclide uptake, raising the suspicion of adjacent or coexisting sarcoid and metastatic involvement. Selective uptake of thyroid-targeted radionuclides by isolated sarcoidosis is, to our knowledge, a previously undocumented occurrence. Results Biopsies of uptake-negative mediastinal nodes revealed sarcoidosis. Pathology from a subsequent neck dissection excising uptake-positive cervical nodes also showed sarcoidosis, with no coinciding malignancy. Conclusions We document a case of sarcoidosis causing a selectively false-positive thyroid scintigraphy scan. It is useful for clinicians to be aware of potential false-positives and deceptive patterns on radionuclide scans when managing patients with both well-differentiated thyroid cancer and a co-existing disease affecting the nodal basins draining the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Lebo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd., Box 216, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Francois Raymond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Michael J Odell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd., Box 216, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
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Ahn HY, Kim MS, Kim MJ, Cho SY, Kim YA, Lee GH, Lee BC, Park YJ, Yi KH. Loss of ERβ expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma is associated with recurrence in young female. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 82:300-6. [PMID: 24801822 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the expression of oestrogen receptors (ERs) in papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) and evaluated their prognostic role. METHODS We enrolled 81 female patients who underwent thyroid surgery and had a confirmed diagnosis of PTC between 01 January 1995 and 31 December 1996. Data on clinicopathologic parameters were obtained from patients' medical records. Tissue paraffin blocks of these 81 patients were collected for immunohistochemistry for ERα and ERβ. RESULTS ERα expression was observed in only eight patients (9·9%). In contrast, ERβ expression was positive in 36 (44·4%) patients. Total thyroidectomy (84·4% vs 61·1%, P = 0·017) and cervical lymph node metastasis (62·2% vs 22·2%, P = 0·000) were more frequent in the ERβ-negative group than in the ERβ-positive group. Among younger female patients (<45 years), the ERβ-negative group showed a tendency towards more frequent recurrent or persistent disease than the ERβ-positive group (42·3% vs 13·6%, P = 0·029). In contrast, the ERα-positive group showed more recurrent or persistent disease than the ERα-negative group in older female patients (100% vs 24·1%, P = 0·024). In multivariate analysis, ERβ negativity, extrathyroidal invasion and radioactive iodine treatment were risk factors for recurrence in young female patients. CONCLUSION Loss of ERβ expression was associated with recurrence in young female PTC patients. This finding suggests that oestrogen might play a protective role in the progression of PTC via ERβ, especially in young female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common type of endocrine malignancy and accounts for nearly 3 % of all malignancies. The incidence of TC in Spain was 5/100,000 in women and 1.9/100,000 in men in 2013. The diagnosis of TC usually follows the identification of a thyroid nodule on physical examination or as an incidental finding on diagnostic imaging performed for other reasons. In most of the cases, the prognosis is excellent but despite low mortality rates, local recurrence occurs in up to 20 %, and distant metastases can occur in approximately 10 % at 10 years. The better knowledge of molecular biology of TC has allowed to the development of new targeted agents directed to the main pathways involved in TC pathogenesis. Knowing all these new strategies will help us face the therapeutic management of TC more effectively.
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40
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Lee SH, Baek JS, Lee JY, Lim JA, Cho SY, Lee TH, Ku YH, Kim HI, Kim MJ. Predictive factors of malignancy in thyroid nodules with a cytological diagnosis of follicular neoplasm. Endocr Pathol 2013; 24:177-83. [PMID: 24014040 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-013-9263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In cases of follicular neoplasm identified by thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA), surgery is required to achieve a precise diagnosis. We investigated potential clinical factors for the preoperative prediction of malignancy in thyroid nodules with a cytological diagnosis of follicular neoplasm. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 97 patients who were diagnosed with follicular neoplasm by FNA and had undergone surgery at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital between April 2010 and April 2012. Age, sex, laboratory data (such as thyroid-stimulating hormone, free T4, thyroglobulin (Tg), and Tg antibody), and ultrasonographic findings were reviewed from the electronic medical records. Of 97 patients, 50 (51.5 %) were diagnosed with benign nodules, 16 (16.5 %) with follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), and 31 (32.0 %) with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In comparison with the features of benign nodules, FTC presented with a large nodule size, high serum Tg level, isoechogenicity, calcifications, and peripheral halo, whereas PTC exhibited traits similar to those of benign nodules, except for high serum Tg level and the presence of calcifications on ultrasonography. Therefore, a high serum Tg level (≥75 ng/mL) and calcification were the only significant predictive factors for malignancy in case of follicular neoplasm (p < 0.01). Serum Tg levels and the presence of calcification on ultrasonography are important clinical features to predict malignancy in thyroid nodules with cytological diagnosis of follicular neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hyeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 75, Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea
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41
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Amphlett B, Lawson Z, Abdulrahman GO, White C, Bailey R, Premawardhana LD, Okosieme OE. Recent trends in the incidence, geographical distribution, and survival from thyroid cancer in Wales, 1985-2010. Thyroid 2013; 23:1470-8. [PMID: 23488941 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of thyroid cancer incidence in Wales have given varying results with suggestions of an excess of cases in geographic areas that were previously exposed to the radioactive fallout from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear reactor incident. Our objective in this study was to provide an up-to-date comprehensive analysis of time trends in the incidence, geographical distribution, and survival from thyroid cancer in Wales. METHODS We identified thyroid cancer cases, registered from 1985 through 2010 in the Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit (WCISU). Age standardized rates were determined from the European standard population. A Poisson regression model was fitted to assess temporal trends and rate ratios (RRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were determined and compared across consecutive time periods: 1985-1997 and 1998-2010. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated for each of the 22 local authority areas. Relative survival and Kaplan-Meier curves were computed to analyze all cause and thyroid cancer-specific survival. RESULTS A total of 1747 thyroid cancer cases were registered from 1985 to 2010. Age standardized incidence rates were 2.8 and 1.2 per 100,000 population per year for females and males respectively. Incidence rates increased with time (RR 1.3 [CI 1.2-1.5], p < 0.001; 1998-2010 vs. 1985-1997). The incidence of papillary cancer increased progressively over the study period (RR 2.22 [CI 1.91-2.57], p < 0.001; 1998-2010 vs. 1985-1997), while rates for other (nonpapillary) histological subtypes remained static (RR 0.95 [CI 0.84-1.08], p = 0.45; 1998-2010 vs. 1985-1997). We identified two geographical areas of increased incidence, but the spatial distribution of cases was inconsistent with exposure to radioactive fallout. Five-year relative survival from all-cause mortality improved from 74.2 [CI 66.8-80.1] in 1985-1989 to 82.6 [CI 77.1-86.9] in 2000-2004, but remained poor for patients over the age of 65 years (p < 0.001, > 65 years vs. 15-64 years) and patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (p < 0.001; anaplastic vs. other histological varieties). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased in Wales, predominantly due to an increase in papillary cancers. The current geographical distribution of cases does not support a radiation effect in the region. Survival has remained poor for patients over the age of 65 years and those with anaplastic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Amphlett
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Prince Charles Hospital , Merthyr Tydfil, United Kingdom
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Kang D, Myung MS, Kim YK, Kim JE. Systematic Review of the Effects of Asbestos Exposure on the Risk of Cancer between Children and Adults. Ann Occup Environ Med 2013; 25:10. [PMID: 24472319 PMCID: PMC3923347 DOI: 10.1186/2052-4374-25-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Children are considerably more susceptible to enviro006Emental hazards than adults. This study was conducted to investigate whether the first asbestos exposure in childhood increases the risk of asbestos-related cancer including mesothelioma and lung cancer. MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant studies published up to July 2012. Six studies reported the relationship between age, including age during childhood, at the first asbestos exposure and mesothelioma. Among them, 4 indicated that people exposed to asbestos in childhood have a higher risk of mesothelioma than those exposed in adulthood. Meanwhile, the other 2 studies showed that asbestos exposure later in life increases the risk of mesothelioma. The results of the 2 studies including non-occupational early childhood exposure report conflicting results. There were 3 studies regarding the relationship between age at first asbestos exposure and lung cancer. However, none of them reported an association between age at first asbestos exposure and the risk of lung cancer. All studies have limitations including small numbers of subjects, the validity of the standardized mortality ratio, and different age categories at first asbestos exposure. There are only a few studies on the harmful effects of asbestos in children in the literature. Therefore, the effect of asbestos exposure during childhood remains unclear and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmug Kang
- Department of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Environmental Health Center for Asbestos, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Min-Seung Myung
- Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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Izawa S, Okamura T, Matsuzawa K, Ohkura T, Ohkura H, Ishiguro K, Noh JY, Kamijo K, Yoshida A, Shigemasa C, Kato M, Yamamoto K, Taniguchi SI. Autoantibody against WD repeat domain 1 is a novel serological biomarker for screening of thyroid neoplasia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:35-42. [PMID: 23215816 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid nodules are common among adults, and accurate diagnosis is critical in for management decisions. Ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology are the most common methods to evaluate nodules, but they are not practical for screening large numbers of patients because of cost and time considerations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to isolate an autoantibody to tumour antigen, WD repeat domain 1 (WDR1), and evaluate its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for thyroid neoplasms. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated serological biomarkers in patients with thyroid carcinoma who had a poor prognosis. Using a serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression cloning (SEREX) strategy, we isolated WDR1 and its specific autoantibody in the sera of patients with undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma (UTC). We examined using indirect ELISA, the titre of the anti-WDR1 antibody (AWA) in 54 study patients: 10 with UTC, 20 with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 17 with benign thyroid nodule (BTN), 7 with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), as well as 38 controls (N). RESULTS WDR1 was ubiquitously expressed in various types of thyroid tissues. However, the titre of AWA in UTC and PTC was significantly higher than that in BTN, AITD and N (P < 0·001). No significant correlation was observed between thyroid function, serum thyroglobulin and tumour diameter. The cut-off value estimated using ROC to differentiate malignancies from others was 0·95 (sensitivity 96·7%, specificity 91·9%, AUC 0·969, P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS Anti-WDR1 antibody could be a novel approach for serological screening of PTC and UTC, and could be an efficient and inexpensive biomarker.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/blood
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Blotting, Northern
- Carcinoma/diagnosis
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/immunology
- Carcinoma, Papillary
- Cell Line
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Library
- Humans
- Male
- Microfilament Proteins/blood
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/immunology
- ROC Curve
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Thyroglobulin/blood
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/immunology
- Thyroid Nodule/diagnosis
- Thyroid Nodule/genetics
- Thyroid Nodule/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Izawa
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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Ban JY, Kim MK, Park SW, Kwon KH. Interleukin-1 beta polymorphisms are associated with lymph node metastasis in Korean patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Immunol Invest 2013; 41:888-905. [PMID: 23215728 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2012.724751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1B) were associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We also assessed the relationships between IL-1B SNPs and the clinicopathologic characteristics of PTC patients. Ninety-three PTC patients and 324 controls were recruited. The patients with PTC were dichotomized and compared with respect to the clinicopathologic characteristics of PTC. Seven SNPs in the IL-1B gene were selected and genotyped using direct sequencing. Four SNPs (rs1143627, rs3136558, rs1143633, and rs1143643) in the IL-1B gene were significantly associated with PTC (p < 0.05). In clinicopathologic features, 3 SNPs (rs1143630, rs1143633, and rs1143643) showed a strong relationship with lymph node metastasis of PTC. The genotype and allele frequencies of rs1143630 and rs1143643 remained significantly associated with lymph node metastasis after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. In haplotype analysis, two linkage disequilibrium blocks (block 1 consisted of rs1143627, rs3917356, and rs1143630; block 2 consisted of rs1143633 and rs1143643) also revealed significant associations with lymph node metastasis. Our results suggest that IL-1B polymorphisms may be associated with the risk of PTC in the Korean population. Especially, IL-1B polymorphisms might be a predictive factor for lymph node metastasis of PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeon Ban
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Luo J, Sands M, Wactawski-Wende J, Song Y, Margolis KL. Sleep disturbance and incidence of thyroid cancer in postmenopausal women the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 177:42-9. [PMID: 23221728 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbance has been found to be associated with numerous adverse health outcomes, including cancers. However, no epidemiologic study has examined the relation between sleep disturbance and thyroid cancer risk. A total of 142,933 postmenopausal women who were 50-79 years of age and enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative between September 1, 1993, and December 31, 1998, were followed up for a mean of 11 years. Cox proportional-hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for sleep disturbance (insomnia and sleep duration) and risk of thyroid cancer. Insomnia score was measured using a validated 5-item Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale. Overall, a total of 295 thyroid cancer cases were identified. After adjustment for potential confounders, women with greater insomnia scores had a significantly higher risk of thyroid cancer than did women with low scores (hazard ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 2.05). The significant association between insomnia score and thyroid cancer was confined to nonobese women (hazard ratio = 1.71, 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 2.62) and was not seen in obese women (hazard ratio = 0.94 95% confidence interval: 0.48, 1.84) (P for interaction = 0.07). In conclusion, postmenopausal women with greater insomnia scores, especially nonobese women, had a significantly increased risk of thyroid cancer. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhua Luo
- Department of Community Medicine, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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46
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Lee EK, Chung KW, Min HS, Kim TS, Kim TH, Ryu JS, Jung YS, Kim SK, Lee YJ. Preoperative serum thyroglobulin as a useful predictive marker to differentiate follicular thyroid cancer from benign nodules in indeterminate nodules. J Korean Med Sci 2012; 27:1014-8. [PMID: 22969246 PMCID: PMC3429817 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.9.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Indeterminate cytology results increase the number of repetitive procedure and unnecessary surgery. This study was designed to find useful and simple predictive tools to differentiate malignant thyroid nodules from indeterminate nodules. We retrospectively enrolled 164 patients who had undergone thyroid surgery as a result of indeterminate cytology in the National Cancer Center. We reviewed patients' age at diagnosis, sex, preoperative biochemical markers such as thyroglobulin (Tg), anti-Tg antibody, free T4 and TSH level, and sonographical and pathological findings, which were subjected to statistical analysis. We found several clinical and sonographical predictive factors that showed significant differences. Young age, male, preoperative high Tg level, and hypoechoic nodule on sonography all increased cancer probability significantly in multivariate analysis. With a cut-off value of 187.5 ng/mL Tg, sensitivity and specificity were 54.8% and 90.1%, respectively (AUC 0.748, P < 0.001). In the case of nodule size > 1.7 cm, elevated serum Tg predicts the risk of malignancy; especially Tg > 70 ng/mL (odds ratio 3.245, 95% confidence interval 1.115-9.450, P = 0.038). Preoperative Tg levels had very high specificity in predicting thyroid cancer in case of suspicious follicular neoplasm. Therefore, Tg levels may be a useful marker for differentiating thyroid cancer from benign thyroid nodules in the cytological diagnosis of indeterminate nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ki-Wook Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hye Sook Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jun Sun Ryu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yoo Seok Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seok Ki Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - You Jin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in Great Britain, 1976-2005: age-period-cohort analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2012; 27:615-22. [PMID: 22760704 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-012-9710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Increases in the incidence of thyroid cancer have been previously reported. The purpose of the present study was to examine temporal trends in the incidence of primary thyroid cancer diagnosed in 0-49 year olds in parts of Great Britain during 1976-2005. Data on 4,337 cases of thyroid cancer were obtained from regional cancer registries. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) were calculated. Negative binomial regression was used to examine effects of age, sex, drift (linear trend), non-linear period and non-linear cohort. The best fitting negative binomial regression model included age (P < 0.001), sex (P < 0.001) and drift (P < 0.001). Non-linear period (P = 0.648) and non-linear cohort (P = 0.788) were not statistically significant. For males aged 0-14, the ASR increased from 0.2 per million persons per year in 1976-1986 to 0.6 in 1997-2005. For males aged 15-29 and 30-49 the ASRs increased from 1.9 to 3.3 and from 7.4 to 12.7, respectively. For females aged 0-14, the corresponding ASR increased from 0.3 to 0.5. For females aged 15-29 and 30-49 the ASRs increased from 6.9 to 12.4 and from 21.2 to 42.3, respectively. For all age groups, there has been a linear increase in incidence of thyroid cancer, which has led to a doubling of the number of cases diagnosed over a twenty year span. The reasons for this increase are not well understood, but it is consistent with findings from other countries.
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48
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Ara S, Kikuchi T, Matsumiya H, Kojima T, Kubo T, Ye RC, Sato A, Kon SI, Honma T, Asakura K, Hasegawa T, Himi T, Sato N, Ichimiya S. Sorting nexin 5 of a new diagnostic marker of papillary thyroid carcinoma regulates Caspase-2. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1356-62. [PMID: 22486813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a well-differentiated endocrine malignant tumor that develops from thyroid follicular epithelium. The tumor represents the most common type of endocrine malignancy; however, its tumorigenesis is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to address the functional role of the sorting nexin (SNX) family in PTC because of recent experimental evidence suggesting that the SNX family members actively control endocytotic transportation as well as cell fate. Expression profiles of SNX family members of PTC showed a significant quantity of transcripts of SNX5. Further immunohistochemical analysis with an SNX5-specific monoclonal antibody established in this study consistently demonstrated the preferential expression of SNX5 in PTC (94.2%, 113/120 cases) as indicated by studies on 440 cases of various tumors. In contrast, other major carcinomas originating from the lung (2.6%, 1/38 cases), breast (5.1%, 2/39 cases), and intestine (4.2%, 1/24 cases) scarcely expressed SNX5. When we investigated models of murine thyroid tumors induced by the administration of carcinogens, high expression of Snx5 was also observed in well-differentiated thyroid tumors, further implying that the tumorigenesis of the thyroid gland was tightly associated with the abundance of SNX5/Snx5. Moreover epithelial cells expressing excess SNX5 showed high levels of Caspase-2 of an initiator caspase. Collectively these findings suggest that the evaluation of SNX5 expression would support pathological diagnosis of primary and secondary PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihoko Ara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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García-Pascual L, Balsells M, Fabbi M, Pozo CD, Valverde MT, Casalots J, González-González JM, Veloso E, Anglada-Barceló J. Prognostic factors and follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma with false negative or nondiagnostic FNAC before surgery. Comparison with a control group. Endocrine 2011; 40:423-31. [PMID: 21541652 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-011-9479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the clinical implementation of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to diagnose thyroid carcinoma, few patients remain misdiagnosed and little is known about their clinical outcomes. An observational retrospective study was carried out to analyse prognostic factors and follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) not disclosed by FNAC before surgery, compared to a control group. From October 2003 to July 2010, 308 patients underwent surgery as treatment for nodular goitre and 53 had DTC. Cases were 12 subjects with DTC and benign (n = 7) or nondiagnostic (n = 5) FNAC. Controls were 39 subjects with DTC and suspicious (n = 19) or malignant (n = 20) FNAC. Prognostic factors, recurrence and survival rates were compared. Cases had longer time from FNAC to surgery than the control group (86.8 ± 74.1 vs. 16.4 ± 23.8 weeks; P < 0.001), higher prevalence of follicular carcinoma (33.3 vs. 2.6%; P = 0.009), and of two-time total thyroidectomy (75 vs. 30.8%; P = 0.016). Average follow-up was 42.7 ± 25.3 months (2-86 months). There were no deaths. Disease-free survival for cases was 66.9 ± 5.8 months, and for controls 78.7 ± 3.9 months (P: ns). In patients with DTC, the result of the FNAC performed before surgery was not an independent predictor of recurrences or mortality in the first 7 years of follow-up. Thus, false negative or nondiagnostic FNAC in a patient with DTC does not seem to be a primary prognostic factor, but it may reveal other adverse prognostic factors such as longer time to therapy and higher prevalence of follicular carcinoma that may influence long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis García-Pascual
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Plaza Dr. Robert, 5, 08221, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
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Rahman GA. Extent of surgery for differentiated thyroid cancer: recommended guideline. Oman Med J 2011; 26:56-8. [PMID: 22043383 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2011.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ganiyu A Rahman
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University/ Asir Central Hospital, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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