1
|
Li J, Lim JYS, Eu JQ, Chan AKMH, Goh BC, Wang L, Wong ALA. Reactive Oxygen Species Modulation in the Current Landscape of Anticancer Therapies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 41:322-341. [PMID: 38445392 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, and are tightly controlled through homeostatic mechanisms to maintain intracellular redox, regulating growth and proliferation in healthy cells. However, ROS production is perturbed in cancers where abnormal accumulation of ROS leads to oxidative stress and genomic instability, triggering oncogenic signaling pathways on one hand, while increasing oxidative damage and triggering ROS-dependent death signaling on the other. Recent Advances: Our review illuminates how critical interactions between ROS and oncogenic signaling, the tumor microenvironment, and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways have led to interest in ROS modulation as a means of enhancing existing anticancer strategies and developing new therapeutic opportunities. Critical Issues: ROS equilibrium exists via a delicate balance of pro-oxidant and antioxidant species within cells. "Antioxidant" approaches have been explored mainly in the form of chemoprevention, but there is insufficient evidence to advocate its routine application. More progress has been made via the "pro-oxidant" approach of targeting cancer vulnerabilities and inducing oxidative stress. Various therapeutic modalities have employed this approach, including direct ROS-inducing agents, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, DDR therapies, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Finally, emerging delivery systems such as "nanosensitizers" as radiotherapy enhancers are currently in development. Future Directions: While approaches designed to induce ROS have shown considerable promise in selectively targeting cancer cells and dealing with resistance to conventional therapies, most are still in early phases of development and challenges remain. Further research should endeavor to refine treatment strategies, optimize drug combinations, and identify predictive biomarkers of ROS-based cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jie Qing Eu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li-Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hopkins CD, Wessel C, Chen O, El-Kersh K, Cathey D, Cave MC, Cai L, Huang J. A hypothesis: Potential contributions of metals to the pathogenesis of pulmonary artery hypertension. Life Sci 2024; 336:122289. [PMID: 38007143 PMCID: PMC10872724 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is characterized by vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling resulting in both increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). The chronic and high-pressure stress experienced by endothelial cells can give rise to inflammation, oxidative stress, and infiltration by immune cells. However, there is no clearly defined mechanism for PAH and available treatment options only provide limited symptomatic relief. Due to the far-reaching effects of metal exposures, the interaction between metals and the pulmonary vasculature is of particular interest. This review will briefly introduce the pathophysiology of PAH and then focus on the potential roles of metals, including essential and non-essential metals in the pathogenic process in the pulmonary arteries and right heart, which may be linked to PAH. Based on available data from human studies of occupational or environmental metal exposure, including lead, antimony, iron, and copper, the hypothesis of metals contributing to the pathogenesis of PAH is proposed as potential risk factors and underlying mechanisms for PAH. We propose that metals may initiate or exacerbate the pathogenesis of PAH, by providing potential mechanism by which metals interact with hypoxia-inducible factor and tumor suppressor p53 to modulate their downstream cellular proliferation pathways. These need further investigation. Additionally, we present future research directions on roles of metals in PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Danielle Hopkins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Caitlin Wessel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Oscar Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Karim El-Kersh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Dakotah Cathey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; The Transplant Program at University of Louisville Health - Jewish Hospital Trager Transplant Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The Transplant Program at University of Louisville Health - Jewish Hospital Trager Transplant Center, Louisville, KY, USA; Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen R, Zou J, Kang R, Tang D. The Redox Protein High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Cell Death and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:569-590. [PMID: 36999916 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Significance: As a redox-sensitive protein, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is implicated in regulating stress responses to oxidative damage and cell death, which are closely related to the pathology of inflammatory diseases, including cancer. Recent Advances: HMGB1 is a nonhistone nuclear protein that acts as a deoxyribonucleic acid chaperone to control chromosomal structure and function. HMGB1 can also be released into the extracellular space and function as a damage-associated molecular pattern protein during cell death, including during apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, alkaliptosis, and cuproptosis. Once released, HMGB1 binds to membrane receptors to shape immune and metabolic responses. In addition to subcellular localization, the function and activity of HMGB1 also depend on its redox state and protein posttranslational modifications. Abnormal HMGB1 plays a dual role in tumorigenesis and anticancer therapy (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy) depending on the tumor types and stages. Critical Issues: A comprehensive understanding of the role of HMGB1 in cellular redox homeostasis is important for deciphering normal cellular functions and pathological manifestations. In this review, we discuss compartmental-defined roles of HMGB1 in regulating cell death and cancer. Understanding these advances may help us develop potential HMGB1-targeting drugs or approaches to treat oxidative stress-related diseases or pathological conditions. Future Directions: Further studies are required to dissect the mechanism by which HMGB1 maintains redox homeostasis under different stress conditions. A multidisciplinary effort is also required to evaluate the potential applications of precisely targeting the HMGB1 pathway in human health and disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 569-590.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruochan Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis; Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ju Zou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis; Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vávra J, Sergunin A, Pompach P, Savchenko D, Hraníček J, Šloufová I, Shimizu T, Martínková M. Characterization of the interaction between the tumour suppressor p53 and heme and its role in the protein conformational dynamics studied by various spectroscopic techniques and hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 243:112180. [PMID: 36934467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53 regulates the expression of a myriad of proteins that are important for numerous cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, metabolism, and even autophagy and ferroptosis. Aside from DNA, p53 can interact with many types of partners including proteins and small organic molecules. The ability of p53 to interact with heme has been reported so far. In this study, we used various spectroscopic studies to conduct a thorough biophysical characterization of the interaction between p53 and heme concerning the oxidation, spin, coordination, and ligand state of heme iron. We found that the p53 oligomeric state and zinc biding ability are preserved upon the interaction with heme. Moreover, we described the effect of heme binding on the conformational dynamics of p53 by hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry. Specifically, the conformational flexibility of p53 is significantly increased upon interaction with heme, while its affinity to a specific DNA sequence is reduced by heme. The inhibitory effect of DNA binding by heme is partially reversible. We discuss the potential heme binding sites in p53 with respect to the observed conformational dynamics changes and perturbed DNA-binding ability of p53 upon interaction with heme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Vávra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic; National Radiation Protection Institute, Prague 4, 140 00, Czech Republic
| | - Artur Sergunin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pompach
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Dariya Savchenko
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 8, 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hraníček
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Šloufová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Toru Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Martínková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Costa MI, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Gonçalves AC. Zinc: From Biological Functions to Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054822. [PMID: 36902254 PMCID: PMC10003636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The trace element zinc (Zn) displays a wide range of biological functions. Zn ions control intercellular communication and intracellular events that maintain normal physiological processes. These effects are achieved through the modulation of several Zn-dependent proteins, including transcription factors and enzymes of key cell signaling pathways, namely those involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and antioxidant defenses. Efficient homeostatic systems carefully regulate intracellular Zn concentrations. However, perturbed Zn homeostasis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, depression, Wilson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other age-related diseases. This review focuses on Zn's roles in cell proliferation, survival/death, and DNA repair mechanisms, outlines some biological Zn targets, and addresses the therapeutic potential of Zn supplementation in some human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Costa
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)—Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)—Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)—Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-480-023
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dialynaki D, Stavropoulou A, Laskou M, Alexandraki D. The essential liaison of two copper proteins: the Cu-sensing transcription factor Mac1 and the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase Sod1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2023; 69:41-53. [PMID: 36456733 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-022-01258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Although copper is an essential trace element for cell function and viability, its excess can lead to protein oxidation, DNA cleavage, and ultimate cell damage. Cells have established a variety of regulatory mechanisms to ensure copper ion homeostasis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, copper sensing and response to copper deficiency are regulated by the transcription factor Mac1. Our group has previously reported that in addition to copper, several chromatin proteins modulate Mac1 functionality. In this study, based on a synthetic growth deficiency phenotype, we showed that the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase Sod1 plays an important role in Mac1 transcriptional activity, in unchallenged nutrient-rich growth conditions. Sod1 is a multipotent cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzyme, whose main known function is to detoxify the cell from superoxide ions. It has been previously reported that Sod1 also enters the nucleus and affects the transcription of several genes, some of which are involved in copper homeostasis under Cu-depleted (Wood and Thiele in J Biol Chem 284:404-413, 2009) or only under specific oxidative stress conditions (Dong et al. Mol Cell Biol 33:4041-4050, 2013; Tsang et al. Nar Commun 8:3446, 2014). We have shown that Sod1 physically interacts with Mac1 transcription factor and is important for the transactivation as well as its DNA-binding activities. On the other hand, a constitutively active mutant of Mac1 is not affected functionally by the Sod1 ablation, pointing out that Sod1 contributes to the maintenance of the copper-unchelated state of Mac1. In conclusion, we showed that Sod1-Mac1 interaction is vital for Mac1 functionality, regardless of copper medium deficiency, in unchallenged growth conditions, and we suggest that Sod1 enzymatic activity may modify the redox state of the cysteine-rich motifs in the Mac1 DNA-binding and transactivation domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Dialynaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, P. O. Box 2208, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasia Stavropoulou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, P. O. Box 2208, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Computational Genomics Group, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Laskou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, P. O. Box 2208, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E 30th Street, Science Building 1305, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Despina Alexandraki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, P. O. Box 2208, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Karunasinghe N. Zinc in Prostate Health and Disease: A Mini Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123206. [PMID: 36551962 PMCID: PMC9775643 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction-With the high global prevalence of prostate cancer and associated mortalities, it is important to enhance current clinical practices for better prostate cancer outcomes. The current review is towards understanding the value of Zn towards this mission. Method-General information on Zn in biology and multiple aspects of Zn involvement in prostate health and disease were referred to in PubMed. Results-The most influential feature of Zn towards prostate health is its ability to retain sufficient citrate levels for a healthy prostate. Zn deficiencies were recorded in serum, hair, and prostate tissue of men with prostate cancer compared to non-cancer controls. Zn gut absorption, albumin binding, and storage compete with various factors. There are multiple associations of Zn cellular influx and efflux transporters, Zn finger proteins, matrix metalloproteinases, and Zn signaling with prostate cancer outcomes. Such Zn marker variations associated with prostate cancer recorded from biological matrices may improve algorithms for prostate cancer screening, prognosis, and management when coupled with standard clinical practices. Discussion-The influence of Zn in prostatic health and disease is multidimensional, therefore more personalized Zn requirements may be beneficial. Several opportunities exist to utilize and improve understanding of Zn associations with prostate health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Karunasinghe
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Babamohamadi M, Babaei E, Ahmed Salih B, Babamohammadi M, Jalal Azeez H, Othman G. Recent findings on the role of wild-type and mutant p53 in cancer development and therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:903075. [PMID: 36225257 PMCID: PMC9549909 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.903075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is a tumor suppressor encoded by the TP53 gene and consists of 393 amino acids with four main functional domains. This protein responds to various cellular stresses to regulate the expression of target genes, thereby causing DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, metabolic changes, and aging. Mutations in the TP53 gene and the functions of the wild-type p53 protein (wtp53) have been linked to various human cancers. Eight TP53 gene mutations are located in codons, constituting 28% of all p53 mutations. The p53 can be used as a biomarker for tumor progression and an excellent target for designing cancer treatment strategies. In wild-type p53-carrying cancers, abnormal signaling of the p53 pathway usually occurs due to other unusual settings, such as high MDM2 expression. These differences between cancer cell p53 and normal cells have made p53 one of the most important targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we have dealt with various issues, such as the relative contribution of wild-type p53 loss of function, including transactivation-dependent and transactivation-independent activities in oncogenic processes and their role in cancer development. We also discuss the role of p53 in the process of ferroptosis and its targeting in cancer treatment. Finally, we focus on p53-related drug delivery systems and investigate the challenges and solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehregan Babamohamadi
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Interfaculty Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Esmaeil Babaei,
| | - Burhan Ahmed Salih
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Health and Medical Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, AlQalam University College, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | - Mahshid Babamohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hewa Jalal Azeez
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Goran Othman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Health and Medical Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, AlQalam University College, Kirkuk, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Miller JJ, Kwan K, Gaiddon C, Storr T. A role for bioinorganic chemistry in the reactivation of mutant p53 in cancer. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:393-403. [PMID: 35488931 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metal ion dysregulation has been implicated in a number of diseases from neurodegeneration to cancer. While defective metal ion transport mechanisms are known to cause specific diseases of genetic origin, the role of metal dysregulation in many diseases has yet to be elucidated due to the complicated function (both good and bad!) of metal ions in the body. A breakdown in metal ion speciation can manifest in several ways from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to an increase in protein misfolding and aggregation. In this review, we will discuss the role of Zn in the proper function of the p53 protein in cancer. The p53 protein plays a critical role in the prevention of genome mutations via initiation of apoptosis, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenesis, and senescence pathways to avoid propagation of damaged cells. p53 is the most frequently mutated protein in cancer and almost all cancers exhibit malfunction along the p53 pathway. Thus, there has been considerable effort dedicated to restoring normal p53 expression and activity to mutant p53. This includes understanding the relative populations of the Zn-bound and Zn-free p53 in wild-type and mutant forms, and the development of metallochaperones to re-populate the Zn binding site to restore mutant p53 activity. Parallels will be made to the development of multifunctional metal binding agents for modulating the aggregation of the amyloid-beta peptide in Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kalvin Kwan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Inserm UMR_S1113, IRFAC, team Streinth, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ok K, Filipovic MR, Michel SLJ. Targeting Zinc Finger Proteins with Exogenous Metals and Molecules: Lessons learned from Tristetraprolin, a CCCH type Zinc Finger. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021; 2021:3795-3805. [PMID: 34867080 PMCID: PMC8635303 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ZF proteins are ubiquitous eukaryotic proteins that play important roles in gene regulation. ZFs contain small domains made up of a combination of four cysteine and histidine residues, and are classified based up on the identity of these residues and their spacing. One emerging class of ZFs are the Cys3His (or CCCH) class of ZFs. These ZFs play key roles in regulating RNA. In this minireview, an overview of the CCCH class of ZFs, with a focus on tristetraprolin (TTP) is provided. TTP regulates inflammation by controlling cytokine mRNAs, and there is an interest in modulating TTP activity to control inflammation. Two methods to control TTP activity are to target with exogenous metals (a 'metals in medicine' approach) or to target with endogenous signaling molecules. Work that has been done to target TTP with Fe, Cu, Cd and Au as well as with H2S is reviewed. This includes attention to new methods that have been developed to monitor metal exchange with the spectroscopically silent ZnII including native electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), spin-filter inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and cryo-electro-spray mass spectrometry (CSI-MS); along with fluorescence anisotropy (FA) to follow RNA binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiwon Ok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Milos R Filipovic
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische, Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sarah L J Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wani AL, Hammad Ahmad Shadab GG, Afzal M. Lead and zinc interactions - An influence of zinc over lead related toxic manifestations. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126702. [PMID: 33285442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interaction between metals is known from earlier studies, in which one metal influences the absorption and functional role of other. Lead is known to cause debilitating effects in living organisms and also prevents several essential trace metals from functioning normally. METHODS The relevant literature using the key words lead toxicity, lead zinc interaction, zinc nutrition and the ability of zinc to act against lead has been reviewed. RESULTS Role of several nutrients in reducing the manifestations of toxic metals have been elucidated recently. Lead damages bio-membranes, causes cognitive disabilities and disturbs the normal process of DNA replication and transcription. Zinc on the other hand helps in proper maintenance of the cellular membranes and plays an important role as a metal cofactor in most of the proteins vital for membrane integrity. Zinc has essential role in cognitive functioning, zinc finger proteins and significantly neutralizes most toxic effects of lead. CONCLUSION Increased lead exposure and limited resources for tackling lead poisoning may cause an increased possibility of future environmental emergencies. Interactions between essential nutrient metals and non-essential toxic metals may act as important factor which can be used to target the metal toxicities. An assumption is made that the lead toxicity can be reduced by maintaining the status of essential trace metals like zinc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ab Latif Wani
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - G G Hammad Ahmad Shadab
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Basak D, Uddin MN, Hancock J. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Its Counteractive Utility in Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3336. [PMID: 33187272 PMCID: PMC7698080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An altered redox status accompanied by an elevated generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) has been implicated in a number of diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC, being one of the most common cancers worldwide, has been reported to be associated with multiple environmental and lifestyle factors (e.g., dietary habits, obesity, and physical inactivity) and harboring heightened oxidative stress that results in genomic instability. Although under normal condition ROS regulate many signal transduction pathways including cell proliferation and survival, overwhelming of the antioxidant capacity due to metabolic abnormalities and oncogenic signaling leads to a redox adaptation response that imparts drug resistance. Nevertheless, excessive reliance on elevated production of ROS makes the tumor cells increasingly vulnerable to further ROS insults, and the abolition of such drug resistance through redox perturbation could be instrumental to preferentially eliminate them. The goal of this review is to demonstrate the evidence that links redox stress to the development of CRC and assimilate the most up-to-date information that would facilitate future investigation on CRC-associated redox biology. Concomitantly, we argue that the exploitation of this distinct biochemical property of CRC cells might offer a fresh avenue to effectively eradicate these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Basak
- College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA;
| | | | - Jake Hancock
- College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sardini E, Serpelloni M, Tonello S. Printed Electrochemical Biosensors: Opportunities and Metrological Challenges. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E166. [PMID: 33158129 PMCID: PMC7694196 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Printed electrochemical biosensors have recently gained increasing relevance in fields ranging from basic research to home-based point-of-care. Thus, they represent a unique opportunity to enable low-cost, fast, non-invasive and/or continuous monitoring of cells and biomolecules, exploiting their electrical properties. Printing technologies represent powerful tools to combine simpler and more customizable fabrication of biosensors with high resolution, miniaturization and integration with more complex microfluidic and electronics systems. The metrological aspects of those biosensors, such as sensitivity, repeatability and stability, represent very challenging aspects that are required for the assessment of the sensor itself. This review provides an overview of the opportunities of printed electrochemical biosensors in terms of transducing principles, metrological characteristics and the enlargement of the application field. A critical discussion on metrological challenges is then provided, deepening our understanding of the most promising trends in order to overcome them: printed nanostructures to improve the limit of detection, sensitivity and repeatability; printing strategies to improve organic biosensor integration in biological environments; emerging printing methods for non-conventional substrates; microfluidic dispensing to improve repeatability. Finally, an up-to-date analysis of the most recent examples of printed electrochemical biosensors for the main classes of target analytes (live cells, nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites and electrolytes) is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Sardini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Mauro Serpelloni
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sarah Tonello
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eriksson SE, Ceder S, Bykov VJN, Wiman KG. p53 as a hub in cellular redox regulation and therapeutic target in cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:330-341. [PMID: 30892598 PMCID: PMC6734141 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor gene encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates multiple cellular processes including cell growth and cell death. The ability of p53 to bind to DNA and activate transcription is tightly regulated by post-translational modifications and is dependent on a reducing cellular environment. Some p53 transcriptional target genes are involved in regulation of the cellular redox homeostasis, e.g. TIGAR and GLS2. A large fraction of human tumors carry TP53 mutations, most commonly missense mutations that lead to single amino acid substitutions in the core domain. Mutant p53 proteins can acquire so called gain-of-function activities and influence the cellular redox balance in various ways, for instance by binding of the Nrf2 transcription factor, a major regulator of cellular redox state. The DNA-binding core domain of p53 has 10 cysteine residues, three of which participate in holding a zinc atom that is critical for p53 structure and function. Several novel compounds that refold and reactivate missense mutant p53 bind to specific p53 cysteine residues. These compounds can also react with other thiols and target components of the cellular redox system, such as glutathione. Dual targeting of mutant p53 and redox homeostasis may allow more efficient treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofi E Eriksson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Ceder
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir J N Bykov
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas G Wiman
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Serrano JJ, Delgado B, Medina MÁ. Control of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis through modulation of cell redox state. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188352. [PMID: 32035101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Redox reactions pervade all biology. The control of cellular redox state is essential for bioenergetics and for the proper functioning of many biological functions. This review traces a timeline of findings regarding the connections between redox and cancer. There is ample evidence of the involvement of cellular redox state on the different hallmarks of cancer. Evidence of the control of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis through modulation of cell redox state is reviewed and highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José J Serrano
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Belén Delgado
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xue M, Joo YA, Li S, Niu C, Chen G, Yi X, Liang Y, Chen Z, Shen Y, Ye W, Cai L, Wang X, Jin L, Cong W. Metallothionein Protects the Heart Against Myocardial Infarction via the mTORC2/FoxO3a/Bim Pathway. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:403-419. [PMID: 30860395 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Cardiac-specific overexpression of metallothionein (MT) has been shown to be beneficial in ischemic heart disease, but the detailed mechanisms through which MT protects against myocardial infarction (MI) remain unknown. This study assessed the involvement of the mTORC2/FoxO3a/Bim pathway in the cardioprotective effects of MT. Results: MI was induced in wild-type (FVB) mice and in cardiac-specific MT-overexpressing transgenic (MT-TG) mice by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Cardiac function was better; infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were lower in MT-TG mice than in FVB mice after MI. Moreover, MT-TG mice exhibited better phenotypes after LAD ligation than FVB mice treated with Mn(III)tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin pentachloride (MnTMPyP; a reactive oxygen species [ROS] scavenger) and cardiac-specific catalase-overexpressing transgenic (CAT-TG) mice, which showed the same ROS levels as MT-TG mice after MI. Activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) was essential for the cardioprotective effects of MT against MI. In addition, MT attenuated the downregulation of phospho-FoxO3a after MI, inhibiting the expression of the apoptosis-associated gene Bim, located downstream of FoxO3a, and reducing the level of apoptosis after MI. To mimic ischemic-injured FVB and MT-TG mice in vitro, H9c2 and MT-overexpressing H9c2 (H9c2MT7) cardiomyocytes were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation, with the results being consistent with those obtained in vivo. Innovation and Conclusion: The cardioprotective effects of MT against MI are not entirely dependent upon its ability to eliminate ROS. Rather, MT overexpression mostly protects against MI through the mTORC2-FoxO3a-Bim pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xue
- 1 Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Young A Joo
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Santie Li
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Niu
- 3 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen Chen
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchu Yi
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzhi Liang
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- 3 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Shen
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijian Ye
- 3 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Cai
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Xu Wang
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Litai Jin
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weitao Cong
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu X, Carpizo DR. Flipping the "switch" on mutant p53 by zinc metallochaperones: how a brief pulse of zinc can reactivate mutant p53 to kill cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:918-919. [PMID: 30847017 PMCID: PMC6398179 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Darren R. Carpizo: Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Z53 Therapeutics Inc
| | - Darren R Carpizo
- Darren R. Carpizo: Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Z53 Therapeutics Inc
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Role of Zinc and Selenium in Oxidative Stress and Immunosenescence: Implications for Healthy Aging and Longevity. HANDBOOK OF IMMUNOSENESCENCE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121636 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that includes gradual and spontaneous biochemical and physiological changes which contributes to a decline in performance and increased susceptibility to diseases. Zn and Se are essential trace elements that play a pivotal role in immune functions and antioxidant defense and, consequently, are claimed to play also a role in successful aging trajectories. Consistently with their nature of essential trace elements, a plethora of data obtained “in vitro” and “in vivo” (in humans and animal models) support the relevance of Zn and Se for both the innate and adoptive immune response. Moreover, Zn and Se are strictly involved in the synthesis and regulation of activity of proteins and enzymes, e.g., metallothioneins (MT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), that are necessary for our endogenous antioxidant response. This is clearly important to protect our cells from oxidative damage and to slow the decline of our immune system with aging. Age-related changes affecting tissue levels of Zn and Se may indicate that the risk of Zn and Se deficiency increases with aging. However, it is still unclear which of these changes can be the consequence of a “real deficiency” and which can be part of our physiological compensatory response to the accumulating damage occurring in aging. Furthermore, the upregulation of antioxidant proteins (Zn and Se dependent) may be a manifestation of self-induced oxidative stress. By the way, Zn and Se dependent proteins are modulated not only by nutritional status, but also by well-known hallmarks of aging that play antagonistic functions, such as the deregulated nutrient sensing pathways and cellular senescence. Thus, it is not an easy task to conduct Zn or Se supplementation in elderly and it is emerging consistent that these kind of supplementation requires an individualized approach. Anyway, there is consistent support that supplementation with Zn using doses around 10 mg/day is generally safe in elderly and may even improve part of immune performances in those subjects with a baseline deficiency. Regarding Se supplementation, it may induce both beneficial and detrimental effects on cellular immunity depending on the form of Se, supplemental dose, and delivery matrix. The nutritional association of supplements based on “Zn plus Se” is hypothesized to provide additional benefits, but this will likely need a more complex individualized approach. The improvement of our knowledge around screening and detection of Zn and Se deficiency in aging could lead to substantial benefits in terms of efficacy of nutritional supplements aimed at ameliorate performance and health in aging.
Collapse
|
19
|
Babikir HA, Afjei R, Paulmurugan R, Massoud TF. Restoring guardianship of the genome: Anticancer drug strategies to reverse oncogenic mutant p53 misfolding. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 71:19-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
20
|
Zhao D, Tahaney WM, Mazumdar A, Savage MI, Brown PH. Molecularly targeted therapies for p53-mutant cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4171-4187. [PMID: 28643165 PMCID: PMC5664959 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is lost or mutated in approximately half of human cancers. Mutant p53 not only loses its anti-tumor transcriptional activity, but also often acquires oncogenic functions to promote tumor proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance. Traditional strategies have been taken to directly target p53 mutants through identifying small molecular compounds to deplete mutant p53, or to restore its tumor suppressive function. Accumulating evidence suggest that cancer cells with mutated p53 often exhibit specific functional dependencies on secondary genes or pathways to survive, providing alternative targets to indirectly treat p53-mutant cancers. Targeting these genes or pathways, critical for survival in the presence of p53 mutations, holds great promise for cancer treatment. In addition, mutant p53 often exhibits novel gain-of-functions to promote tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we review and discuss strategies targeting mutant p53, with focus on targeting the mutant p53 protein directly, and on the progress of identifying genes and pathways required in p53-mutant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dekuang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit Number: 1360, Room Number: CPB6.3468, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William M Tahaney
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit Number: 1360, Room Number: CPB6.3468, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit Number: 1360, Room Number: CPB6.3468, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michelle I Savage
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit Number: 1360, Room Number: CPB6.3468, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit Number: 1360, Room Number: CPB6.3468, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Meijles DN, Sahoo S, Al Ghouleh I, Amaral JH, Bienes-Martinez R, Knupp HE, Attaran S, Sembrat JC, Nouraie SM, Rojas MM, Novelli EM, Gladwin MT, Isenberg JS, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Pagano PJ. The matricellular protein TSP1 promotes human and mouse endothelial cell senescence through CD47 and Nox1. Sci Signal 2017; 10:eaaj1784. [PMID: 29042481 PMCID: PMC5679204 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaj1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells withdraw from the cell cycle and do not proliferate. The prevalence of senescent compared to normally functioning parenchymal cells increases with age, impairing tissue and organ homeostasis. A contentious principle governing this process has been the redox theory of aging. We linked matricellular protein thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) and its receptor CD47 to the activation of NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), but not of the other closely related Nox isoforms, and associated oxidative stress, and to senescence in human cells and aged tissue. In human endothelial cells, TSP1 promoted senescence and attenuated cell cycle progression and proliferation. At the molecular level, TSP1 increased Nox1-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the increased abundance of the transcription factor p53. p53 mediated a DNA damage response that led to senescence through Rb and p21cip, both of which inhibit cell cycle progression. Nox1 inhibition blocked the ability of TSP1 to increase p53 nuclear localization and p21cip abundance and its ability to promote senescence. Mice lacking TSP1 showed decreases in ROS production, p21cip expression, p53 activity, and aging-induced senescence. Conversely, lung tissue from aging humans displayed increases in the abundance of vascular TSP1, Nox1, p53, and p21cip Finally, genetic ablation or pharmacological blockade of Nox1 in human endothelial cells attenuated TSP1-mediated ROS generation, restored cell cycle progression, and protected against senescence. Together, our results provide insights into the functional interplay between TSP1 and Nox1 in the regulation of endothelial senescence and suggest potential targets for controlling the aging process at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Meijles
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Sahoo
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Imad Al Ghouleh
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jefferson H Amaral
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Raquel Bienes-Martinez
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Heather E Knupp
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Shireen Attaran
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John C Sembrat
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Seyed M Nouraie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mauricio M Rojas
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Enrico M Novelli
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Isenberg
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bae SN, Lee KH, Kim JH, Lee SJ, Park LO. Zinc induces apoptosis on cervical carcinoma cells by p53-dependent and -independent pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 484:218-223. [PMID: 27998772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence that the mineral zinc is involved in the apoptotic cell death of various carcinoma cells. In this study, we aim to determine whether zinc in the form of CIZAR induces apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells by increasing intracellular zinc concentration. STUDY DESIGN CaSki and HeLa cervical carcinoma cells and HPV-16 DNA-transformed keratinocyte (CRL2404) were treated with different concentrations of CIZAR. The cell viability test was carried out, the intracellular level of zinc was determined, and apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry after propidium iodide (PI) staining and fluorescence microscopy under DAPI staining. The expression of cell-cycle regulators was analyzed by Western blot, including the knock down of p53 and expression of HPV E6 and E7 genes by RT-PCR. RESULTS Intracellular zinc accumulation induced the down-regulation of E6/E7 proteins through targeting of the specific transcriptional factors in the upstream regulatory region. p53 was induced after CIZAR treatment and p53-dependent apoptosis did not occur after knock down by p53 siRNA. In cervical carcinoma cells, regardless of HPV-infection, CIZAR induces apoptosis by the activation of the p53-independent pathways through the up-regulation of p21waf1, the down-regulation of c-Myc, and by decreasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. CONCLUSIONS CIZAR induces apoptosis not only through the restoration of p53/Rb-dependent pathways in HPV-positive cells, but also through the activation of p53/Rb-independent pathways and the mitochondrial death-signal pathway in cervical carcinoma cells regardless of HPV-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seog Nyeon Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Ho Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Hwi Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Lae Ok Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bodiga VL, Inapurapu SP, Vemuri PK, Kudle MR, Bodiga S. Intracellular zinc status influences cisplatin-induced endothelial permeability through modulation of PKCα, NF-κB and ICAM-1 expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:355-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
24
|
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress have long been linked to aging and diseases prominent in the elderly such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes and atrial fibrillation (AF). NADPH oxidases (Nox) are a major source of ROS in the vasculature and are key players in mediating redox signalling under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this review, we focus on the Nox-mediated ROS signalling pathways involved in the regulation of 'longevity genes' and recapitulate their role in age-associated vascular changes and in the development of age-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review is predicated on burgeoning knowledge that Nox-derived ROS propagate tightly regulated yet varied signalling pathways, which, at the cellular level, may lead to diminished repair, the aging process and predisposition to CVDs. In addition, we briefly describe emerging Nox therapies and their potential in improving the health of the elderly population.
Collapse
|
25
|
Park JH, Zhuang J, Li J, Hwang PM. p53 as guardian of the mitochondrial genome. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:924-34. [PMID: 26780878 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Participating in the repair of nuclear DNA is one mechanism by which p53 suppresses tumorigenesis, but there is growing evidence that p53 also helps maintain the mitochondrial genome through its translocation into mitochondria and interactions with mtDNA repair proteins. Because of the susceptibility of mtDNA to oxidative damage and replication errors, it is vital to protect mtDNA genomic stability to preserve health and fitness. Here, we focus on reviewing the evidence for the involvement of p53 in maintaining the integrity of mtDNA through its activities in both the nucleus and the mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Park
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul M Hwang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
High Mobility Group B Proteins, Their Partners, and Other Redox Sensors in Ovarian and Prostate Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:5845061. [PMID: 26682011 PMCID: PMC4670870 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5845061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells try to avoid the overproduction of reactive oxygen species by metabolic rearrangements. These cells also develop specific strategies to increase ROS resistance and to express the enzymatic activities necessary for ROS detoxification. Oxidative stress produces DNA damage and also induces responses, which could help the cell to restore the initial equilibrium. But if this is not possible, oxidative stress finally activates signals that will lead to cell death. High mobility group B (HMGB) proteins have been previously related to the onset and progressions of cancers of different origins. The protein HMGB1 behaves as a redox sensor and its structural changes, which are conditioned by the oxidative environment, are associated with different functions of the protein. This review describes recent advances in the role of human HMGB proteins and other proteins interacting with them, in cancerous processes related to oxidative stress, with special reference to ovarian and prostate cancer. Their participation in the molecular mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin, a drug commonly used in chemotherapy, is also revised.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kocdor H, Ates H, Aydin S, Cehreli R, Soyarat F, Kemanli P, Harmanci D, Cengiz H, Kocdor MA. Zinc supplementation induces apoptosis and enhances antitumor efficacy of docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3899-909. [PMID: 26251569 PMCID: PMC4524380 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s87662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to exogenous zinc results in increased apoptosis, growth inhibition, and altered oxidative stress in cancer cells. Previous studies also suggested that zinc sensitizes some cancer cells to cytotoxic agents depending on the p53 status. Therefore, zinc supplementation may show anticancer efficacy solely and may increase docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. METHODS Here, we report the effects of several concentrations of zinc combined with docetaxel on p53-wild-type (A549) and p53-null (H1299) cells. We evaluated cellular viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression as well as oxidative stress parameters, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels. RESULTS Zinc reduced the viability of A549 cells and increased the apoptotic response in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Zinc also amplified the docetaxel effects and reduced its inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values. The superoxide dismutase levels increased in all treatment groups; however, glutathione peroxidase was slightly increased in the combination treatments. Zinc also caused malondialdehyde elevations at 50 μM and 100 μM. CONCLUSION Zinc has anticancer efficacy against non-small-cell lung cancer cells in the presence of functionally active p53 and enhances docetaxel efficacy in both p53-wild-type and p53-deficient cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Kocdor
- Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Halil Ates
- Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Biochemistry, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ruksan Cehreli
- Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Firat Soyarat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Pinar Kemanli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Duygu Harmanci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Hakan Cengiz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Kocdor
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Reactivating mutant p53 using small molecules as zinc metallochaperones: awakening a sleeping giant in cancer. Drug Discov Today 2015. [PMID: 26205328 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor protein p53 (TP53) is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancer. The majority of mutations are missense, and generate a defective protein that is druggable. Yet, for decades, the small-molecule restoration of wild-type (WT) p53 function in mutant p53 tumors (so-called p53 mutant 'reactivation') has been elusive to researchers. The p53 protein requires the binding of a single zinc ion for proper folding, and impairing zinc binding is a major mechanism for loss of function in missense mutant p53. Here, we describe recent work defining a new class of drugs termed zinc metallochaperones that restore WT p53 structure and function by restoring Zn(2+) to Zn(2+)-deficient mutant p53.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Oxygen is the basic molecule which supports life and it truly is "god's gift to life." Despite its immense importance, research on "oxygen biology" has never received the light of the day and has been limited to physiological and biochemical studies. It seems that in modern day biology, oxygen research is summarized in one word "hypoxia." Scientists have focused on hypoxia-induced transcriptomics and molecular-cellular alterations exclusively in disease models. Interestingly, the potential of oxygen to control the basic principles of biology like homeostatic maintenance, transcription, replication, and protein folding among many others, at the molecular level, has been completely ignored. Here, we present a perspective on the crucial role played by oxygen in regulation of basic biological phenomena. Our conclusion highlights the importance of establishing novel research areas like oxygen biology, as there is great potential in this field for basic science discoveries and clinical benefits to the society.
Collapse
|
30
|
Rezk NA, Zidan HE, Riad M, Mansy W, Mohamad SA. Metallothionein 2A expression and its relation to different clinical stages and grades of breast cancer in Egyptian patients. Gene 2015; 571:17-22. [PMID: 26093198 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relation of blood MT-2A expression, serum zinc, copper, Cu/Zn ratio, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidant status index (OSI) with benign and malignant breast tumors, also, their relation to different clinical stages and grades of breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Unrelated 199 female patients with breast tumor and 120 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Metallothionein-2A (MT-2A) expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serum MT-2A levels were measured by ELISA. Serum copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum TOS and TAS levels were measured colorimetrically. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that blood metallothionein-2A mRNA level, serum MT-2A, copper, Cu/Zn ratio, total oxidant status and oxidant status index were significantly increased, while, serum zinc level and total antioxidant status were significantly decreased in patients with breast cancer and benign breast disease as compared to controls and in breast cancer group as compared to the benign one. CONCLUSIONS Blood metallothionein-2A expression and serum MT-2A levels could be important prognostic indices of less differentiated, more aggressive breast cancer phenotype. Disturbance of copper, zinc and oxidative stress status might contribute to the pathogenesis of breast tumor and could be useful biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring such disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Rezk
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Haidy E Zidan
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Riad
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Wael Mansy
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samya A Mohamad
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Phatak VM, Muller PAJ. Metal toxicity and the p53 protein: an intimate relationship. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between p53, ROS and transition metals.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zinc and Zinc Chelators Modify Taurine Transport in Rat Retinal Cells. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:2234-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
33
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative (reactive oxygen species [ROS]) and nitrosative (reactive nitrogen species [RNS]) stress affects many physiological processes, including survival and death. Although high levels of ROS/RNS mainly causes cell death, low levels of free radicals directly modulate the activities of transcriptional factors, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), p53, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived) 2-like (Nrf2), and regulate numerous protein kinase cascades that participate in the regulation of the cross talk between autophagy and apoptosis. RECENT ADVANCES Low levels of ROS modify Atg4 and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) proteins, activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, or transactivate various proteins that could upregulate autophagy, leading to reductions in apoptosis. Transactivation of antioxidant genes blocks apoptosis and serves as a feedback loop to reduce autophagy. Free radicals could also activate protein kinase B (PKB, or Akt), preventing both autophagy and apoptosis. Stimulation of nitric oxide formation causes S-nitrosylation of several kinases, including JNK1 and IκB kinase β, which blocks autophagy and could promote apoptosis. However, S-nitrosylation of some proapoptotic proteins could block apoptosis. CRITICAL ISSUES Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are the main sources of free radicals, which play an essential role in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy. Oxidation of cardiolipin promotes cytochrome c release and apoptosis that potentially could be inhibited by autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria. Elimination of damaged mitochondria reduces ROS accumulation, creating a feedback loop that causes inhibition of autophagy. Low levels of RNS could inhibit fission of mitochondria, which would block their degradation by autophagy and spare cells from apoptosis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding of mechanisms that regulate the cross talk between cell fates is essential for discovery of therapeutic tools in the strenuous fight against various disorders, including neurodegeneration and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy O Kaminskyy
- 1 Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Baruah A, Chang H, Hall M, Yuan J, Gordon S, Johnson E, Shtessel LL, Yee C, Hekimi S, Derry WB, Lee SS. CEP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans p53 homolog, mediates opposing longevity outcomes in mitochondrial electron transport chain mutants. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004097. [PMID: 24586177 PMCID: PMC3937132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans CEP-1 and its mammalian homolog p53 are critical for responding to diverse stress signals. In this study, we found that cep-1 inactivation suppressed the prolonged lifespan of electron transport chain (ETC) mutants, such as isp-1 and nuo-6, but rescued the shortened lifespan of other ETC mutants, such as mev-1 and gas-1. We compared the CEP-1-regulated transcriptional profiles of the long-lived isp-1 and the short-lived mev-1 mutants and, to our surprise, found that CEP-1 regulated largely similar sets of target genes in the two mutants despite exerting opposing effects on their longevity. Further analyses identified a small subset of CEP-1-regulated genes that displayed distinct expression changes between the isp-1 and mev-1 mutants. Interestingly, this small group of differentially regulated genes are enriched for the "aging" Gene Ontology term, consistent with the hypothesis that they might be particularly important for mediating the distinct longevity effects of CEP-1 in isp-1 and mev-1 mutants. We further focused on one of these differentially regulated genes, ftn-1, which encodes ferritin in C. elegans, and demonstrated that it specifically contributed to the extended lifespan of isp-1 mutant worms but did not affect the mev-1 mutant lifespan. We propose that CEP-1 responds to different mitochondrial ETC stress by mounting distinct compensatory responses accordingly to modulate animal physiology and longevity. Our findings provide insights into how mammalian p53 might respond to distinct mitochondrial stressors to influence cellular and organismal responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Baruah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Hsinwen Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Mathew Hall
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah Gordon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Erik Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ludmila L. Shtessel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Callista Yee
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - W. Brent Derry
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siu Sylvia Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Beveridge R, Chappuis Q, Macphee C, Barran P. Mass spectrometry methods for intrinsically disordered proteins. Analyst 2014; 138:32-42. [PMID: 23108160 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last ten years mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful biophysical technique capable of providing unique insights into the structure and dynamics of proteins. Part of this explosion in use involves investigations of the most recently 'discovered' subset of proteins: the so-called 'Intrinsically Disordered' or 'Natively Unstructured' proteins. A key advantage of the use of mass spectrometry to study intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) is its ability to test biophysical assertions made about why they differ from structured proteins. For example, from the charge state distribution presented by a protein following nano-electrospray (n-ESI) it is possible to infer the range of conformations present in solution and hence the extent of disorder; n-ESI is highly sensitive to the degree of folding at the moment of transfer from the liquid to the gas phase. The combination of mass spectrometry with ion mobility (IM-MS) provides rotationally averaged collision cross-sections of molecular ions which can be correlated with conformation; this too can be applied to IDPs. Another feature which can be monitored by IM-MS is the tendency of disordered proteins to form amyloid fibrils, the protein aggregates involved in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. IM-MS provides a useful insight into events that occur during the early stages of aggregation including delineating the structure of the monomer, identifying oligomer distributions, and revealing mechanistic details of the aggregation process. Here we will review the use of MS and IM-MS to study IDPs using examples from our own and other laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Beveridge
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Scotland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mitochondrial disulfide relay mediates translocation of p53 and partitions its subcellular activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:17356-61. [PMID: 24101517 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1310908110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
p53, a critical tumor suppressor, regulates mitochondrial respiration, but how a nuclear protein can orchestrate the function of an organelle encoded by two separate genomes, both of which require p53 for their integrity, remains unclear. Here we report that the mammalian homolog of the yeast mitochondrial disulfide relay protein Mia40 (CHCHD4) is necessary for the respiratory-dependent translocation of p53 into the mitochondria. In the setting of oxidative stress, increased CHCHD4 expression partitions p53 into the mitochondria and protects its genomic integrity while decreasing p53 nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. Conversely, decreased CHCHD4 expression prevents the mitochondrial translocation of p53 while augmenting its nuclear localization and activity. Thus, the mitochondrial disulfide relay system allows p53 to regulate two spatially segregated genomes depending on oxidative metabolic activity.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Jimenez Jimenez AM, Nejdl L, Chudobova D, Gumulec J, Masarik M, Adam V, Kizek R. Relevance of infection with human papillomavirus: the role of the p53 tumor suppressor protein and E6/E7 zinc finger proteins (Review). Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1754-62. [PMID: 24045364 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are small circular, double-stranded DNA viruses infecting epithelial tissues. HPV types can be classified both as high-risk or low-risk. Of the more than 120 different identified types of HPV, the majority are involved in infections of the genital tract, cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina and penis, and of non-anogenital localizations, such as the head and neck areas. From the point of view of the infection, human papillomaviruses have developed several molecular mechanisms to enable infected cells to suppress apoptosis. This review provides a comprehensive and critical summary of the current literature that focuses on cervical carcinoma and cancer of the head and neck caused by HPV. In particular, we discuss HPV virology, the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis, the role of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and the E6/E7 zinc finger proteins. Classification of HPV according to diagnosis is also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bergeaud M, Mathieu L, Guillaume A, Moll UM, Mignotte B, Le Floch N, Vayssière JL, Rincheval V. Mitochondrial p53 mediates a transcription-independent regulation of cell respiration and interacts with the mitochondrial F₁F0-ATP synthase. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2781-93. [PMID: 23966169 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We and others previously reported that endogenous p53 can be located at mitochondria in the absence of stress, suggesting that p53 has a role in the normal physiology of this organelle. The aim of this study was to characterize in unstressed cells the intramitochondrial localization of p53 and identify new partners and functions of p53 in mitochondria. We find that the intramitochondrial pool of p53 is located in the intermembrane space and the matrix. Of note, unstressed HCT116 p53(+/+) cells simultaneously show increased O₂ consumption and decreased mitochondrial superoxide production compared with their p53-null counterpart. This data was confirmed by stable H1299 cell lines expressing low levels of p53 specifically targeted to the matrix. Using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we identified the oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP), a subunit of the F₁F₀-ATP synthase complex, as a new partner of endogenous p53, specifically interacting with p53 localized in the matrix. Interestingly, this interaction seems implicated in mitochondrial p53 localization. Moreover, p53 localized in the matrix promotes the assembly of F₁F₀-ATP synthase. Taking into account that deregulations of mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species production are tightly linked to cancer development, we suggest that mitochondrial p53 may be an important regulator of normal mitochondrial and cellular physiology, potentially exerting tumor suppression activity inside mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bergeaud
- Laboratoire de génétique et biologie cellulaire (LGBC); Université de Versailles St Quentin-en-Yvelines/Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes; UFR des Sciences de la Santé; Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
D-penicillamine and other low molecular weight thiols: review of anticancer effects and related mechanisms. Cancer Lett 2013; 337:8-21. [PMID: 23727371 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight thiols (LMWTs) like N-acetyl cysteine, D-penicillamine, captopril, Disulfiram and Amifostine, etc. have been used as chemo-preventive agents. Recent studies have reported cell growth inhibition and cytotoxicity in several different types of cancer cells following treatment with several LMWTs. Cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of LMWTs may involve interaction of the thiol group with cellular lipids, proteins, intermediates or enzymes. Some of the mechanisms that have been proposed include a p53 mediated apoptosis, thiyl radical induced DNA damage, membrane damage through lipid peroxidation, anti-angiogenic effects induced by inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase enzymes and angiostatin generation. LMWTs are strong chelators of transition metals like copper, nickel, zinc, iron and cobalt and may cause metal co-factor depletion resulting in cytotoxicity. Oxidation of thiol group can also generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang K, Zhang T, Dong Q, Nice EC, Huang C, Wei Y. Redox homeostasis: the linchpin in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e537. [PMID: 23492768 PMCID: PMC3613828 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are characterized by their unique ability of self-renewal to maintain the so-called stem cell pool. Over the past decades, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized as toxic aerobic metabolism byproducts that are harmful to stem cells, leading to DNA damage, senescence or cell death. Recently, a growing body of literature has shown that stem cells reside in redox niches with low ROS levels. The balance of Redox homeostasis facilitates stem cell self-renewal by an intricate network. Thus, to fully decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of stem cell self-renewal, it is critical to address the important role of redox homeostasis in the regulation of self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. In this regard, we will discuss the regulatory mechanisms involved in the subtly orchestrated balance of redox status in stem cells by scavenger antioxidant enzyme systems that are well monitored by the hypoxia niches and crucial redox regulators including forkhead homeobox type O family (FoxOs), apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM). We will also introduce several pivotal ROS-sensitive molecules, such as hypoxia-inducible factors, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) and p53, involved in the redox-regulated stem cell self-renewal. Specifically, all the aforementioned molecules can act as ‘redox sensors' by virtue of redox modifications of their cysteine residues, which are critically important in the control of protein function. Given the importance of redox homeostasis in the regulation of stem cell self-renewal, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved will provide important new insights into stem cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The carcinogenicity of cadmium, arsenic, and chromium(VI) compounds has been recognized for some decades. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms seem to be complex and are not completely understood at present. Although, with the exception of chromium(VI), direct DNA damage seems to be of minor importance, interactions with DNA repair processes, tumor suppressor functions, and signal transduction pathways have been described in diverse biological systems. In addition to the induction of damage to cellular macromolecules by reactive oxygen species, the interference with cellular redox regulation by reaction with redox-sensitive protein domains or amino acids may provide one plausible mechanism involved in metal carcinogenicity. Consequences are the distortion of zinc-binding structures and the activation or inactivation of redox-regulated signal transduction pathways, provoking metal-induced genomic instability. Nevertheless, the relevance of the respective mechanisms depends on the actual metal or metal species under consideration and more research is needed to further strengthen this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hartwig
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cook NL, Pattison DI, Davies MJ. Myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants rapidly oxidize and disrupt zinc-cysteine/histidine clusters in proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2072-80. [PMID: 23032100 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an abundant cellular transition metal ion, which binds avidly to protein cysteine (Cys) and histidine (His) residues to form zinc-Cys/His clusters; these play a key role in the function of many proteins (e.g., DNA binding and repair enzymes, transcription factors, nitric oxide synthase). Leukocyte-derived myeloperoxidase generates powerful oxidants including hypochlorous (HOCl), hypobromous (HOBr), and hypothiocyanous (HOSCN) acids from H(2)O(2) and (pseudo)halide ions. Excessive or misplaced formation of these species is associated with cellular dysfunction, apoptosis and necrosis, and multiple inflammatory diseases. HOCl and HOBr react rapidly with sulfur-containing compounds, and HOSCN reacts specifically with thiols. Consequently, we hypothesized that zinc-Cys/His clusters would be targets for these oxidants, and the activity of such enzymes would be perturbed. This hypothesis has been tested using yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH), which contains a well-characterized Zn(1)Cys(2)His(1) cluster. Incubation of YADH with pathologically relevant concentrations of HOSCN, HOCl, and HOBr resulted in rapid oxidation of the protein (rate constants, determined by competition kinetics, for reaction of HOCl and HOSCN with YADH being (3.3±0.9)×10(8) and (2.9±0.4)×10(4) M(-1) s(-1) per YADH monomer, respectively), loss of enzyme activity, Zn(2+) release, changes in protein structure (particularly formation of disulfide cross-links), and oxidation of Cys residues. The loss of enzyme activity correlated with Zn(2+) release, loss of thiols, and changes in protein structure. We conclude that exposure of zinc-Cys/His clusters to inflammatory oxidants can result in impaired protein activity, thiol oxidation, and Zn(2+) release. These reactions may contribute to inflammation-induced tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L Cook
- The Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Krizkova S, Ryvolova M, Hrabeta J, Adam V, Stiborova M, Eckschlager T, Kizek R. Metallothioneins and zinc in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Drug Metab Rev 2012; 44:287-301. [PMID: 23050852 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2012.725414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are involved in protection against oxidative stress (OS) and toxic metals and they participate in zinc metabolism and its homeostasis. Disturbing of zinc homeostasis can lead to formation of reactive oxygen species, which can result in OS causing alterations in immunity, aging, and civilization diseases, but also in cancer development. It is not surprising that altered zinc metabolism and expression of MTs are of great interest in the case of studying of oncogenesis and cancer prognosis. The role of MTs and zinc in cancer development is tightly connected, and the structure and function of MTs are strongly dependent on Zn²⁺ redox state and its binding to proteins. Antiapoptic effects of MTs and their interactions with proteins nuclear factor kappa B, protein kinase C, esophageal cancer-related gene, and p53 as well as the role of MTs in their proliferation, immunomodulation, enzyme activation, and interaction with nitric oxide are reviewed. Utilization of MTs in cancer diagnosis and therapy is summarized and their importance for chemoresistance is also mentioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sona Krizkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ostrakhovitch EA, Semenikhin OA. The role of redox environment in neurogenic development. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 534:44-54. [PMID: 22910298 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic changes of cellular redox elements during neurogenesis allow the control of specific programs for selective lineage progression. There are many redox couples that influence the cellular redox state. The shift from a reduced to an oxidized state and vice versa may act as a cellular switch mechanism of stem cell mode of action from proliferation to differentiation. The redox homeostasis ensures proper functioning of redox-sensitive signaling pathways through oxidation/reduction of critical cysteine residues on proteins involved in signal transduction. This review presents the current knowledge on the relation between changes in the cellular redox environment and stem cell programming in the course of commitment to a restricted neural lineage, focusing on in vivo neurogenesis and in vitro neuronal differentiation. The first two sections outline the main systems that control the intracellular redox environment and make it more oxidative or reductive. The last section provides the background on redox-sensitive signaling pathways that regulate neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Ostrakhovitch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pintus SS, Ivanisenko NV, Demenkov PS, Ivanisenko TV, Ramachandran S, Kolchanov NA, Ivanisenko VA. The substitutions G245C and G245D in the Zn(2+)-binding pocket of the p53 protein result in differences of conformational flexibility of the DNA-binding domain. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 31:78-86. [PMID: 22803791 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.691364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Transcription activation of the proapoptotic target genes is a means by which the p53 protein implements its function of tumor suppression. Zn(2+) is a known regulator of p53 binding to the target genes. We have previously obtained an evidence that amino acid substitutions in the p53 Zn(2+)-binding pocket can presumably exert an influence on Zn(2+) position in the Zn(2+)-p53 complex and thereby affect p53 binding to DNA. With these background considerations, our aim was to estimate the effect of the putative changes in the Zn(2+) position in its binding pocket due to the G245C and G245D substitutions on the conformation of the p53 DNA-binding motif. Statistical analysis of the molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories of the mutant p53-Zn(2+) complexes was used to detect significant deviations in conformation of the mutant p53 forms. MD simulations demonstrated that (1) the two substitutions in the Zn(2+)-binding pocket caused changes in the conformation of the p53 DNA-binding motif, as compared with the wild-type (WT) p53; (2) binding of Zn(2+) to the p53 mutant forms reduced the effect of the substitutions on conformational change; and (3) Zn(2+) binding in the normal position compensated the effect of the mutations on the conformation in comparison to the altered Zn(2+) position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Pintus
- Laboratory of Computational Proteomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentyev av. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sharif R, Thomas P, Zalewski P, Fenech M. The role of zinc in genomic stability. Mutat Res 2012; 733:111-121. [PMID: 21939673 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element required for maintaining both optimal human health and genomic stability. Zn plays a critical role in the regulation of DNA repair mechanisms, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis involving the action of various transcriptional factors and DNA or RNA polymerases. Zn is an essential cofactor or structural component for important antioxidant defence proteins and DNA repair enzymes such as Cu/Zn SOD, OGG1, APE and PARP and may also affect activities of enzymes such as BHMT and MTR involved in methylation reactions in the folate-methionine cycle. This review focuses on the role of Zn in the maintenance of genome integrity and the effects of deficiency or excess on genomic stability events and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razinah Sharif
- CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lanni C, Racchi M, Memo M, Govoni S, Uberti D. p53 at the crossroads between cancer and neurodegeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1727-33. [PMID: 22387179 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging, dementia, and cancer share a critical set of altered cellular functions in response to DNA damage, genotoxic stress, and other insults. Recent data suggest that the molecular machinery involved in maintaining neural function in neurodegenerative disease may be shared with oncogenic pathways. Cancer and neurodegenerative diseases may be influenced by common signaling pathways regulating the balance of cell survival versus death, a decision often governed by checkpoint proteins. This paper focuses on one such protein, p53, which represents one of the most extensively studied proteins because of its role in cancer prevention and which, furthermore, has been recently shown to be involved in aging and Alzheimer disease (AD). The contribution of a conformational change in p53 to aging and neurodegenerative processes has yet to be elucidated. In this review we discuss the multiple functions of p53 and how these correlate between cancer and neurodegeneration, focusing on various factors that may have a role in regulating p53 activity. The observation that aging and AD interfere with proteins controlling duplication and cell cycle may lead to the speculation that, in senescent neurons, aberrations in proteins generally dealing with cell cycle control and apoptosis could affect neuronal plasticity and functioning rather than cell duplication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Applied Biology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Micronutrient (Zn, Cu, Fe)-gene interactions in ageing and inflammatory age-related diseases: implications for treatments. Ageing Res Rev 2012; 11:297-319. [PMID: 22322094 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In ageing, alterations in inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant capacity lead to increased susceptibility to diseases and loss of mobility and agility. Various essential micronutrients in the diet are involved in age-altered biological functions. Micronutrients (zinc, copper, iron) play a pivotal role either in maintaining and reinforcing the immune and antioxidant performances or in affecting the complex network of genes (nutrigenomic approach) involved in encoding proteins for a correct inflammatory/immune response. By the other side, the genetic inter-individual variability may affect the absorption and uptake of the micronutrients (nutrigenetic approach) with subsequent altered effects on inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the individual micronutrient-gene interactions are fundamental to achieve healthy ageing. In this review, we report and discuss the role of micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe)-gene interactions in relation to the inflammatory status and the possibility of a supplement in the event of a micronutrient deficiency or chelation in presence of micronutrient overload in relation to specific polymorphisms of inflammatory proteins or proteins related of the delivery of the micronutriemts to various organs and tissues. In this last context, we report the protein-metal speciation analysis in order to have, coupled with micronutrient-gene interactions, a more complete picture of the individual need in micronutrient supplementation or chelation to achieve healthy ageing and longevity.
Collapse
|
50
|
Buizza L, Cenini G, Lanni C, Ferrari-Toninelli G, Prandelli C, Govoni S, Buoso E, Racchi M, Barcikowska M, Styczynska M, Szybinska A, Butterfield DA, Memo M, Uberti D. Conformational altered p53 as an early marker of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29789. [PMID: 22242180 PMCID: PMC3252333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study oxidative stress in peripheral cells of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, immortalized lymphocytes derived from two peculiar cohorts of patients, referring to early onset AD (EOSAD) and subjects harboured AD related mutation (ADmut), were used. Oxidative stress was evaluated measuring i) the typical oxidative markers, such as HNE Michel adducts, 3 Nitro-Tyrosine residues and protein carbonyl on protein extracts, ii) and the antioxidant capacity, following the enzymatic kinetic of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRD). We found that the signs of oxidative stress, measured as oxidative marker levels, were evident only in ADmut but not in EOSAD patients. However, oxidative imbalance in EOSAD as well as ADmut lymphocytes was underlined by a reduced SOD activity and GRD activity in both pathological groups in comparison with cells derived from healthy subjects. Furthermore, a redox modulated p53 protein was found conformational altered in both EOSAD and ADmut B lymphocytes in comparison with control cells. This conformational altered p53 isoform, named “unfolded p53”, was recognized by the use of two specific conformational anti-p53 antibodies. Immunoprecipitation experiments, performed with the monoclonal antibodies PAb1620 (that recognizes p53wt) and PAb240 (that is direct towards unfolded p53), and followed by the immunoblotting with anti-4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and anti- 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) antibodies, showed a preferential increase of nitrated tyrosine residues in unfolded p53 isoform comparing to p53 wt protein, in both ADmut and EOSAD. In addition, a correlation between unfolded p53 and SOD activity was further found. Thus this study suggests that ROS/RNS contributed to change of p53 tertiary structure and that unfolded p53 can be considered as an early marker of oxidative imbalance in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buizza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Sanders-Brown Centre on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Experimental and Applied Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Prandelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Experimental and Applied Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erica Buoso
- Department of Experimental and Applied Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Experimental and Applied Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Styczynska
- Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Science, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szybinska
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - David Allan Butterfield
- Sanders-Brown Centre on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|