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Antitumor effects obtained by autologous Lewis lung cancer cell vaccine engineered to secrete mouse Interleukin 27 by means of cationic liposome. Mol Immunol 2013; 55:264-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Murdaca G, Contini P, Setti M, Cagnati P, Villa R, Lantieri F, Indiveri F, Puppo F. Behavior of serum human major histocompatibility complex class I antigen levels in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients during antiretroviral therapy: correlation with clinical outcome. Hum Immunol 2007; 68:894-900. [PMID: 18082568 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human major histocompatibility complex class I antigens (HLA-A, -B, and -C) are heterodimeric molecules composed of a alpha heavy chain noncovalently associated with an invariant protein known as beta(2)-microglobulin. Beside being expressed on the membrane of the large majority of nucleated cells, HLA class I antigens are evident in serum (sHLA-I). We have previously detected a significant increase in the serum level of beta(2)-microglobulin-associated HLA-I antigens in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients compared with HIV-negative controls. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) modified the clinical course of the disease and decreased the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we measured the levels of sHLA-I antigens in 64 HIV-infected patients before and during HAART treatment and correlated them with the immunological and virological response to antiretroviral treatment. Serum sHLA-I antigen level was elevated in all HIV-infected patients before and significantly decreased after 36 months of HAART treatment, correlating with the decrease of plasma HIV-RNA level and with the increase of CD4+ T-lymphocyte number. These results suggest that the measurement of sHLA-I antigens serum level might represent a useful surrogate marker to monitor HIV-positive patients undergoing HAART treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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3
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Contini P, Ghio M, Merlo A, Poggi A, Indiveri F, Puppo F. Apoptosis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes upon the engagement of CD8 by soluble HLA class I molecules is Fas ligand/Fas mediated: evidence for the involvement of p56lck, calcium calmodulin kinase II, and Calcium-independent protein kinase C signaling pathways and for NF-kappaB and NF-AT nuclear translocation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 175:7244-54. [PMID: 16301629 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.11.7244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The binding of soluble HLA class I (sHLA-I) molecules to CD8 on EBV-specific CTL induced up-regulation of Fas ligand (FasL) mRNA and consequent sFasL protein secretion. This, in turn, triggered CTL apoptosis by FasL/Fas interaction. Molecular analysis of the biochemical pathways responsible for FasL up-regulation showed that sHLA-I/CD8 interaction firstly induced the recruitment of src-like p56(lck) and syk-like Zap-70 protein tyrosine kinases (PTK). Interestingly, p59(fyn) was activated upon the engagement of CD3/TCR complex but not upon the interaction of sHLA-I with CD8. In addition, sHLA-I/CD8 interaction, which is different from signaling through the CD3/TCR complex, did not induce nuclear translocation of AP-1 protein complex. These findings suggest that CD8- and CD3/TCR-mediated activating stimuli can recruit different PTK and transcription factors. Indeed, the engagement of CD8 by sHLA-I led to the activation of Ca2+ calmodulin kinase II pathway, which eventually was responsible for the NF-AT nuclear translocation. In addition, we found that the ligation of sHLA-I to CD8 recruited protein kinase C, leading to NF-kappaB activation. Both NF-AT and NF-kappaB were responsible for the induction of FasL mRNA and consequent CTL apoptosis. Moreover, FasL up-regulation and CTL apoptotic death were down-regulated by pharmacological specific inhibitors of Ca2+/calmodulin/calcineurin and Ca2+-independent protein kinase C signaling pathways. These findings clarify the intracellular signaling pathways triggering FasL up-regulation and apoptosis in CTL upon sHLA-I/CD8 ligation and suggest that sHLA-I molecules can be proposed as therapeutic tools to modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Contini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Italy
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4
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Spaggiari GM, Contini P, Dondero A, Carosio R, Puppo F, Indiveri F, Zocchi MR, Poggi A. Soluble HLA class I induces NK cell apoptosis upon the engagement of killer-activating HLA class I receptors through FasL-Fas interaction. Blood 2002; 100:4098-107. [PMID: 12393468 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The engagement of the activating isoforms of C-type lectin inhibitory receptor (CLIR) or killer Ig-like receptor (KIR) by their natural ligands, represented by soluble HLA-I (sHLA-I) molecules, induced programmed cell death of natural killer (NK) cells. Indeed, NK cell apoptosis elicited by either putative HLA-E and HLA-F (sHLA-I non-A, -B, -C, and -G) or sHLA-I-Cw4 or -Cw3 from untransfected or -Cw4 or -Cw3 alleles transfected HLA-A(-), B(-), C(-), G(-), E(+), F(+) 721.221 lymphoblastoid cell line, respectively, was blocked by covering the corresponding activating receptor with either anti-CLIR- or anti-KIR-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). After sHLA-I-activating receptor interaction, NK cells produced and released Fas ligand (FasL), which in turn led to NK cell apoptosis by interacting with Fas at the NK cell surface. Blocking anti-Fas mAb, or anti-FasL mAb, inhibited sHLA-I-mediated apoptosis via activating receptor in NK cell clones. This apoptosis was inhibited by NK cell treatment with cyclosporin A, whereas this drug had no effect on activating receptor-mediated activation of cytolysis. Conversely, concanamycin A, an inhibitor of vacuolar type H(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (H(+)-ATPase) of granules, inhibited activating receptor-induced NK cell cytolysis, suggesting that activating receptor-mediated apoptosis and cytolysis can use different intracellular pathways. Furthermore, a large amount of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was detectable in culture supernatant of activating receptor(+) NK cells incubated with the appropriate sHLA-I ligand. Again, cyclosporin A, but not concanamycin A, strongly reduced activating receptor-mediated IFN-gamma production. This suggests that activating receptor-induced apoptosis of NK cells could play a role in eliminating potentially harmful NK cell clones and, at the same time, it leads to production of IFN-gamma, an antiviral cytokine able to amplify immune responses.
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5
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Spaggiari GM, Contini P, Carosio R, Arvigo M, Ghio M, Oddone D, Dondero A, Zocchi MR, Puppo F, Indiveri F, Poggi A. Soluble HLA class I molecules induce natural killer cell apoptosis through the engagement of CD8: evidence for a negative regulation exerted by members of the inhibitory receptor superfamily. Blood 2002; 99:1706-14. [PMID: 11861287 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.5.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we show that CD8(dull), CD8(intermediate), and CD8(bright) natural killer (NK) cell clones can be identified. Triggering of CD8 with its natural ligand(s), represented by soluble HLA class I (sHLA-I), isolated either from serum of healthy donors or from HLA-I(-) 721.221 lymphoblastoid cell line transfected with HLA-A2, -Cw4, and -Bw46 alleles, or HLA-G1 leads to NK cell apoptosis. The magnitude of this effect directly correlated with the level of CD8 expression. sHLA-I-induced apoptosis depends on the interaction with CD8, as it was inhibited by masking this molecule with specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Moreover, sHLA-I or CD8 cross-linking with specific mAbs elicited intracellular calcium increases, Fas ligand (FasL) messenger RNA transcription, and FasL secretion, which were needed for delivering the death signal. Indeed, this apoptosis was inhibited by preincubation of NK cell clones with Fas or FasL antagonist mAbs, indicating that the Fas/FasL pathway is involved. Furthermore, members of the inhibitory receptor superfamily, such as CD94/NKG2 complex or killer inhibitory receptors, were shown to exert an inhibitory effect on sHLA-I-mediated apoptosis and secretion of FasL. These findings suggest that interaction between sHLA-I and CD8 evokes an apoptotic signal that is down-regulated by inhibitory receptor superfamily that function as survival receptors in NK cells.
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Contini P, Ghio M, Merlo A, Brenci S, Filaci G, Indiveri F, Puppo F. Soluble HLA class I/CD8 ligation triggers apoptosis in EBV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes by Fas/Fas-ligand interaction. Hum Immunol 2000; 61:1347-51. [PMID: 11163092 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(00)00212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we report that allogeneic soluble HLA class I (sHLA-I) molecules isolated from serum induce apoptosis on EBV-specific CD8(+) Fas(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). CTL apoptosis is induced by the binding of sHLA-I molecules to CD8 and its extent depends on the time of incubation with sHLA-I molecules. Apoptosis is triggered by the interaction of Fas(+) CTL with soluble Fas-ligand, which is released following the binding of sHLA-I antigens to CD8 molecules. These results suggest that sHLA-I molecules may regulate immune responses by inducing apoptosis in virus-specific CTL.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/immunology
- CD8 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- CD8 Antigens/physiology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cells, Cultured
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Fas Ligand Protein
- HLA Antigens/metabolism
- HLA Antigens/physiology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/physiology
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Ligands
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Protein Binding/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Solubility
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- fas Receptor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- P Contini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Ghio M, Contini P, Mazzei C, Brenci S, Filaci G, Indiveri F, Puppo F. Soluble HLA class I and Fas ligand molecules in blood components and their role in the immunomodulatory effects of blood transfusions. Leuk Lymphoma 2000; 39:29-36. [PMID: 10975381 DOI: 10.3109/10428190009053536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been known for many years that blood transfusions may have immunomodulatory effects, however an ultimate explanation of this phenomenon is lacking. In the present paper we report that the concentrations of soluble HLA class I (sHLA-I) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) molecules in supernatants of blood components which contain elevated numbers of residual donor leukocytes, like red blood cells and random-donor platelets, are significantly higher than in other blood components. Elevated amounts of sFasL molecules are also found in some commercial immunoglobulin preparations. sHLA-I and sFasL molecules in blood components and in immunoglobulin preparations are biologically active in vitro as they inhibit mixed lymphocyte responses and cytotoxic T cell activity in allogeneic and autologous combinations and induce apoptosis in Fas-positive cells. If these results are paralleled in vivo the amount of sHLA-I and sFasL molecules should be taken into account in clinical practice in order to select the blood component and the immunoglobulin preparation which could induce the desired immunomodulatory effect in the recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
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8
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Antonaci S, Jirillo E, Schiraldi O. Soluble HLA class I antigens in chronic hepatitis C: a disease-associated manifestation or molecules modulating immunoresponsiveness? Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1999; 21:727-38. [PMID: 10584208 DOI: 10.3109/08923979909007138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of high levels of soluble human leukocyte class I antigens (sHLA-I) represents an usual finding during the course of different clinical conditions, such as viral infections and autoimmune disorders. On the other hand, the well known property of sHLA-I to modulate T cell responsiveness could be taken as an advantage to improve long-term allograft acceptance. Recent data have pointed out that subjects with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection exhibit high amounts of sHLA-I, a pattern which has also been used for monitoring host responsiveness to interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy. However, the lack of correlation between lymphocyte infiltration at liver site and disease biological activity suggests a potential role for sHLA-I in T cell dysfunction during chronic hepatitis C. sHLA-I antigens may, in fact, either interact with T cell receptor delivering an inhibitory signal or trigger cytotoxic T lymphocyte apoptosis by inducing CD95 ligand expression. Both events seem to favour HCV replication and liver tissue damage progression. Alltogether, these findings indicate that, besides viral variant generation and HCV core-mediated immunosuppression, sHLA-I may contribute to the imbalance of immunoresponsiveness during chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Antonaci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Bari Medical School, Italy.
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9
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Soluble HLA Class I, HLA Class II, and Fas Ligand in Blood Components: A Possible Key to Explain the Immunomodulatory Effects of Allogeneic Blood Transfusions. Blood 1999. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v93.5.1770.405a14_1770_1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effect of allogeneic blood transfusions (ABT) has been known for many years. However, a complete understanding of the effects of ABT on the recipient’s immune system has remained elusive. Soluble HLA class I (sHLA-I), HLA class II (sHLA-II), and Fas ligand (sFasL) molecules may play immunoregulatory roles. We determined by double-determinant immunoenzymatic assay (DDIA) sHLA-I, sHLA-II, and sFasL concentrations in different blood components. sHLA-I and sFasL levels in red blood cells (RBCs) stored for up to 30 days and in random-donor platelets are significantly (P < .001) higher than in other blood components and their amount is proportionate to the number of residual donor leukocytes and to the length of storage. Blood components with high sHLA-I and sFasL levels play immunoregulatory roles in vitro as in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte responses (MLR) and antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) activity, and induce apoptosis in Fas-positive cells. These data suggest that soluble molecules in blood components are functional. If these results are paralleled in vivo, they should be taken into account in transfusion practice. Blood components that can cause immunosuppression should be chosen to induce transplantation tolerance, whereas blood components that lack immunosuppressive effects should be preferred to reduce the risk of postoperative complications and cancer recurrence.
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10
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Puppo F, Bignardi D, Contini P, Hamby CV, Brenci S, Lanza L, Ghio M, Scudeletti M, Indiveri F, Ferrone S. Beta2-micro-free HLA class I heavy chain levels in sera of healthy individuals. Lack of association with beta2-micro-associated HLA class I heavy chain levels and HLA phenotype. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1999; 53:253-62. [PMID: 10203018 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.1999.530305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have applied a double-determinant immune assay (DDIA) to measure soluble beta2-microglobulin (beta2-micro)-free HLA class I heavy chains in serum. The mean concentration of beta2-micro-free HLA class I heavy chains in serum from 120 healthy subjects was 0.21+/-0.24 microg/ml. The individual serum levels of beta2-micro-free HLA class I heavy chains had a wide distribution, did not seem to be related with HLA phenotype, were stable over time and did not change with age. The serum levels of soluble beta2-micro-free HLA class I heavy chains did not correlate with those of soluble beta2-micro-associated HLA class I heavy chains, suggesting that their release is independently regulated. Three forms of soluble beta2-micro-free HLA class I heavy chains, with apparent molecular masses of 44, 39 and 37-35 kD, respectively, circulate in human serum. These results provide a useful background to assess the serum level of soluble beta2-micro-free HLA class I heavy chains in pathological conditions and to evaluate their putative immunoregulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Puppo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
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11
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Soluble HLA Class I, HLA Class II, and Fas Ligand in Blood Components: A Possible Key to Explain the Immunomodulatory Effects of Allogeneic Blood Transfusions. Blood 1999. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v93.5.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effect of allogeneic blood transfusions (ABT) has been known for many years. However, a complete understanding of the effects of ABT on the recipient’s immune system has remained elusive. Soluble HLA class I (sHLA-I), HLA class II (sHLA-II), and Fas ligand (sFasL) molecules may play immunoregulatory roles. We determined by double-determinant immunoenzymatic assay (DDIA) sHLA-I, sHLA-II, and sFasL concentrations in different blood components. sHLA-I and sFasL levels in red blood cells (RBCs) stored for up to 30 days and in random-donor platelets are significantly (P < .001) higher than in other blood components and their amount is proportionate to the number of residual donor leukocytes and to the length of storage. Blood components with high sHLA-I and sFasL levels play immunoregulatory roles in vitro as in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte responses (MLR) and antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) activity, and induce apoptosis in Fas-positive cells. These data suggest that soluble molecules in blood components are functional. If these results are paralleled in vivo, they should be taken into account in transfusion practice. Blood components that can cause immunosuppression should be chosen to induce transplantation tolerance, whereas blood components that lack immunosuppressive effects should be preferred to reduce the risk of postoperative complications and cancer recurrence.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- J C McDonald
- Louisiana State University Medical Center-Shreveport, Department of Surgery, 71130, USA
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13
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Puppo F, Scudeletti M, Indiveri F, Ferrone S. Serum HLA class I antigens: markers and modulators of an immune response? IMMUNOLOGY TODAY 1995; 16:124-7. [PMID: 7718084 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5699(95)80127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Puppo
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Genova School of Medicine, Italy
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