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Ren F, Shang Q, Zhao S, Yang C, Feng K, Liu J, Kang X, Zhang R, Wang X, Wang X. An exploration of the correlations between seven psychiatric disorders and the risks of breast cancer, breast benign tumors and breast inflammatory diseases: Mendelian randomization analyses. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1179562. [PMID: 37448488 PMCID: PMC10338175 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1179562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous observational studies have showed that certain psychiatric disorders may be linked to breast cancer risk, there is, however, little understanding of relationships between mental disorders and a variety of breast diseases. This study aims to investigate if mental disorders influence the risks of overall breast cancer, the two subtypes of breast cancer (ER+ and ER-), breast benign tumors and breast inflammatory diseases. Methods During our research, genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for seven psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and anorexia nervosa) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and the UK Biobank were selected, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly linked to these mental disorders were identified as instrumental variables. GWAS data for breast diseases came from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) as well as the FinnGen consortium. We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses and multivariable MR analyses to assess these SNPs' effects on various breast diseases. Both heterogeneity and pleiotropy were evaluated by sensitivity analyses. Results When the GWAS data of psychiatric disorders were derived from the PGC, our research found that schizophrenia significantly increased the risks of overall breast cancer (two-sample MR: OR 1.05, 95%CI [1.03-1.07], p = 3.84 × 10-6; multivariable MR: OR 1.06, 95%CI [1.04-1.09], p = 2.34 × 10-6), ER+ (OR 1.05, 95%CI [1.02-1.07], p = 5.94 × 10-5) and ER- (two-sample MR: OR 1.04, 95%CI [1.01-1.07], p = 0.006; multivariable MR: OR 1.06, 95%CI [1.02-1.10], p = 0.001) breast cancer. Nevertheless, major depressive disorder only showed significant positive association with overall breast cancer (OR 1.12, 95%CI [1.04-1.20], p = 0.003) according to the two-sample MR analysis, but not in the multivariable MR analysis. In regards to the remainder of the mental illnesses and breast diseases, there were no significant correlations. While as for the data from the UK Biobank, schizophrenia did not significantly increase the risk of breast cancer. Conclusions The correlation between schizophrenia and breast cancer found in this study may be false positive results caused by underlying horizontal pleiotropy, rather than a true cause-and-effect relationship. More prospective studies are still needed to be carried out to determine the definitive links between mental illnesses and breast diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ren
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyao Shang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangtao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxuan Yang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Feng
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxiang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyu Kang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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2
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Jia J, Yin J, Zhang Y, Xu G, Wang M, Jiang H, Li L, Zeng X, Zhu D. Thioredoxin-1 Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis Through Regulating AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1α Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231159226. [PMID: 36823760 PMCID: PMC9969465 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231159226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Increasing studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the pathogenesis of AD. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), one of the major redox proteins in mammalian cells, plays neuroprotection in AD. However, whether Trx-1 could regulate the mitochondrial biogenesis in AD is largely unknown. In the present study, we found that Aβ25-35 treatment not only markedly induced excessive production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis, but also significantly decreased the number of mitochondria with biological activity and the adenosine triphosphate content in mitochondria, suggesting mitochondrial biogenesis was impaired in AD cells. These changes were reversed by Lentivirus-mediated stable overexpression of Trx-1 or exogenous administration of recombinant human Trx-1. What's more, adeno-associated virus-mediated specific overexpression of Trx-1 in the hippocampus of β-amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice ameliorated the learning and memory and attenuated hippocampal Aβ deposition. Importantly, overexpression of Trx-1 in APP/PS1 mice restored the decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis-associated proteins, including adenosine monophosphate -activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (Sirt1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α). In addition, Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Trx-1 in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells also restored the decrease of AMPK, Sirt1, and PGC1α by Aβ25-35 treatment. Pharmacological inhibition of AMPK activity significantly abolished the effect of Trx-1 on mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, our data provide evidence that Trx-1 promoted mitochondrial biogenesis via restoring AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1α pathway in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Jiayi Yin
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical
College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Haiying Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China,Department of Biochemistry, Jiaxing University Medical College,
Jiaxing, China,Xiansi Zeng, Research Center of
Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China.
Dongsheng Zhu, Department of Neurology,
The First Hospital of Jiaxing & The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing
University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of
Jiaxing & The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing,
China
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3
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Dewanjee S, Chakraborty P, Bhattacharya H, Chacko L, Singh B, Chaudhary A, Javvaji K, Pradhan SR, Vallamkondu J, Dey A, Kalra RS, Jha NK, Jha SK, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R. Altered glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:134-157. [PMID: 36206930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism is largely present in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The brain utilizes glucose as its main energy source and a decline in its metabolism directly reflects on brain function. Weighing on recent evidence, here we systematically assessed the aberrant glucose metabolism associated with amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau accumulation in AD brain. Interlink between insulin signaling and AD highlighted the involvement of the IRS/PI3K/Akt/AMPK signaling, and GLUTs in the disease progression. While shedding light on the mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective glucose metabolism, we further assessed functional consequences of AGEs (advanced glycation end products) accumulation, polyol activation, and other contributing factors including terminal respiration, ROS (reactive oxygen species), mitochondrial permeability, PINK1/parkin defects, lysosome-mitochondrial crosstalk, and autophagy/mitophagy. Combined with the classic plaque and tangle pathologies, glucose hypometabolism with acquired insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction potentiate these factors to exacerbate AD pathology. To this end, we further reviewed AD and DM (diabetes mellitus) crosstalk in disease progression. Taken together, the present work discusses the emerging role of altered glucose metabolism, contributing impact of insulin signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective cerebral glucose utilization in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Leena Chacko
- BioAnalytical Lab, Meso Scale Discovery, 1601 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Birbal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Station, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Kalpana Javvaji
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India
| | | | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- Immune Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 9040495, Japan
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology Departments School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India; Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India.
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4
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Khan SU, Fatima K, Aisha S, Hamza B, Malik F. Redox balance and autophagy regulation in cancer progression and their therapeutic perspective. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:12. [PMID: 36352310 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cellular ROS production participates in various cellular functions but its accumulation decides the cell fate. Malignant cells have higher levels of ROS and active antioxidant machinery, a characteristic hallmark of cancer with an outcome of activation of stress-induced pathways like autophagy. Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process that produces alternative raw materials to meet the energy demand of cells and is influenced by the cellular redox state thus playing a definite role in cancer cell fate. Since damaged mitochondria are the main source of ROS in the cell, however, cancer cells remove them by upregulating the process of mitophagy which is known to play a decisive role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Chemotherapy exploits cell machinery which results in the accumulation of toxic levels of ROS in cells resulting in cell death by activating either of the pathways like apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis or autophagy in them. So understanding these redox and autophagy regulations offers a promising method to design and develop new cancer therapies that can be very effective and durable for years. This review will give a summary of the current therapeutic molecules targeting redox regulation and autophagy for the treatment of cancer. Further, it will highlight various challenges in developing anticancer agents due to autophagy and ROS regulation in the cell and insights into the development of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ullah Khan
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sanat Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sanat Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shariqa Aisha
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Baseerat Hamza
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sanat Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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5
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Vanisova M, Stufkova H, Kohoutova M, Rakosnikova T, Krizova J, Klempir J, Rysankova I, Roth J, Zeman J, Hansikova H. Mitochondrial organization and structure are compromised in fibroblasts from patients with Huntington's disease. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:462-475. [PMID: 35946926 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Huntington´s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with onset in adulthood that leads to a complete disability and death in approximately 20 years after onset of symptoms. HD is caused by an expansion of a CAG triplet in the gene for huntingtin. Although the disease causes most damage to striatal neurons, other parts of the nervous system and many peripheral tissues are also markedly affected. Besides huntingtin malfunction, mitochondrial impairment has been previously described as an important player in HD. This study focuses on mitochondrial structure and function in cultivated skin fibroblasts from 10 HD patients to demonstrate mitochondrial impairment in extra-neuronal tissue. Mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial fission, and cristae organization were significantly disrupted and signs of elevated apoptosis were found. In accordance with structural changes, we also found indicators of functional alteration of mitochondria. Mitochondrial disturbances presented in fibroblasts from HD patients confirm that the energy metabolism damage in HD is not localized only to the central nervous system, but also may play role in the pathogenesis of HD in peripheral tissues. Skin fibroblasts can thus serve as a suitable cellular model to make insight into HD pathobiochemical processes and for the identification of possible targets for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vanisova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Stufkova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kohoutova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Rakosnikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krizova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Klempir
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Rysankova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Roth
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Zeman
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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6
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Borovcanin MM, Vesic K. Breast cancer in schizophrenia could be interleukin-33-mediated. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:1065-1074. [PMID: 34888174 PMCID: PMC8613763 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i11.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological and genetic studies have revealed an interconnection between schizophrenia and breast cancer. The mutual underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may be immunologically driven. A new cluster of molecules called alarmins may be involved in sterile brain inflammation, and we have already reported the potential impact of interleukin-33 (IL-33) on positive symptoms onset and the role of its soluble trans-membranes full length receptor (sST2) on amelioration of negative symptoms in schizophrenia genesis. Furthermore, these molecules have already been shown to be involved in breast cancer etiopathogenesis. In this review article, we aim to describe the IL-33/suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) axis as a crossroad in schizophrenia-breast cancer comorbidity. Considering that raloxifene could be tissue-specific and improve cognition and that tamoxifen resistance in breast carcinoma could be improved by strategies targeting IL-33, these selective estrogen receptor modulators could be useful in complementary treatment. These observations could guide further somatic, as well as psychiatric therapeutical protocols by incorporating what is known about immunity in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica M Borovcanin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Katarina Vesic
- Department of Neurology, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
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7
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Adlimoghaddam A, Odero GG, Glazner G, Turner RS, Albensi BC. Nilotinib Improves Bioenergetic Profiling in Brain Astroglia in the 3xTg Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2021; 12:441-465. [PMID: 33815876 PMCID: PMC7990369 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments targeting amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have minimal efficacy, which results in a huge unmet medical need worldwide. Accumulating data suggest that brain mitochondrial dysfunction play a critical role in AD pathogenesis. Targeting cellular mechanisms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in AD create a novel approach for drug development. This study investigated the effects of nilotinib, as a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in astroglia derived from 3xTg-AD mice versus their C57BL/6-controls. Parameters included oxygen consumption rates (OCR), ATP, cytochrome c oxidase (COX), citrate synthase (CS) activity, alterations in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), key regulators of mitochondrial dynamics (mitofusin (Mfn1), dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)), and mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator1-alpha (PGC-1α), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)). Nilotinib increased OCR, ATP, COX, Mfn1, and OXPHOS levels in 3xTg astroglia. No significant differences were detected in levels of Drp1 protein and CS activity. Nilotinib enhanced mitochondrial numbers, potentially through a CaMKII-PGC1α-Nrf2 pathway in 3xTg astroglia. Additionally, nilotinib-induced OCR increases were reduced in the presence of the NF-κB inhibitor, Bay11-7082. The data suggest that NF-κB signaling is intimately involved in nilotinib-induced changes in bioenergetics in 3xTg brain astroglia. Nilotinib increased translocation of the NF-κB p50 subunit into the nucleus of 3xTg astroglia that correlates with an increased expression and activation of NF-κB. The current findings support a role for nilotinib in improving mitochondrial function and suggest that astroglia may be a key therapeutic target in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Adlimoghaddam
- 1Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gary G Odero
- 1Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gordon Glazner
- 1Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,2Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - R Scott Turner
- 3Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- 1Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,2Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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8
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Xin X, Li Y, Liu H. Hesperidin ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia-induced retinal impairment through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibition of apoptosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19426. [PMID: 33173100 PMCID: PMC7655840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude retinopathy is initiated by hypobaric hypoxia and characterized by retinal functional changes, but the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate this dysfunction remain unclear. The aim of our investigation is to determine the protective efficacy of hesperidin (HSD) on the hypobaric hypoxia-induced damage to the retina. Experiment rats were randomly grouped as the control, hypobaric hypoxia group and HSD intervention group. The hypobaric hypoxia and the HSD intervention groups were maintained in a low-pressure oxygen cabin. We found that hypobaric hypoxia dramatically reduced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) levels, induced an elevation in immunostaining of TUNEL-positive cells. Hypobaric hypoxia exposure resulted in the increase of Bcl-2, decrease of caspase3 and caspase9 expression as well as Bax level. HSD protected the retina from hypobaric hypoxia-caused impairment by enhancing Nrf2 and HO-1 activation, attenuating apoptotic caspases levels, and reducing Bax and preserving Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, oxidative stress increased poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and suppressed ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) level, HSD treatment reverted this effect by down-regulation of PARP1 and up-regulation of CNTF expression. Taken together, our findings implicate that HSD exerts a protective role in response to hypobaric hypoxia stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Yanrong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haiping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
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9
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Arora H, Ramesh M, Rajasekhar K, Govindaraju T. Molecular Tools to Detect Alloforms of Aβ and Tau: Implications for Multiplexing and Multimodal Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Arora
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhu Ramesh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Kolla Rajasekhar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
- VNIR Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore Bioinnovation Center, Helix Biotech Park, Electronic City Phase I, Bengaluru 560100, Karnataka, India
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10
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Almomani R, Herkert JC, Posafalvi A, Post JG, Boven LG, van der Zwaag PA, Willems PHGM, van Veen-Hof IH, Verhagen JMA, Wessels MW, Nikkels PGJ, Wintjes LT, van den Berg MP, Sinke RJ, Rodenburg RJ, Niezen-Koning KE, van Tintelen JP, Jongbloed JDH. Homozygous damaging SOD2 variant causes lethal neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy. J Med Genet 2019; 57:23-30. [PMID: 31494578 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is recognised to be a heritable disorder, yet clinical genetic testing does not produce a diagnosis in >50% of paediatric patients. Identifying a genetic cause is crucial because this knowledge can affect management options, cardiac surveillance in relatives and reproductive decision-making. In this study, we sought to identify the underlying genetic defect in a patient born to consanguineous parents with rapidly progressive DCM that led to death in early infancy. METHODS AND RESULTS Exome sequencing revealed a potentially pathogenic, homozygous missense variant, c.542G>T, p.(Gly181Val), in SOD2. This gene encodes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) or manganese-superoxide dismutase, a mitochondrial matrix protein that scavenges oxygen radicals produced by oxidation-reduction and electron transport reactions occurring in mitochondria via conversion of superoxide anion (O2 -·) into H2O2. Measurement of hydroethidine oxidation showed a significant increase in O2 -· levels in the patient's skin fibroblasts, as compared with controls, and this was paralleled by reduced catalytic activity of SOD2 in patient fibroblasts and muscle. Lentiviral complementation experiments demonstrated that mitochondrial SOD2 activity could be completely restored on transduction with wild type SOD2. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that defective SOD2 may lead to toxic increases in the levels of damaging oxygen radicals in the neonatal heart, which can result in rapidly developing heart failure and death. We propose SOD2 as a novel nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein involved in severe human neonatal cardiomyopathy, thus expanding the wide range of genetic factors involved in paediatric cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowida Almomani
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Johanna C Herkert
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Posafalvi
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G Post
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludolf G Boven
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A van der Zwaag
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H G M Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid H van Veen-Hof
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M A Verhagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja W Wessels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G J Nikkels
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth T Wintjes
- Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P van den Berg
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Sinke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Klary E Niezen-Koning
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan D H Jongbloed
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Xu C, Tian G, Jiang C, Xue H, Kuerbanjiang M, Sun L, Gu L, Zhou H, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Xu Q. NPTX2 promotes colorectal cancer growth and liver metastasis by the activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway via FZD6. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:217. [PMID: 30833544 PMCID: PMC6399240 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies has highlighted the close correlation between the individual risk of cancer and nervous system diseases. The expression of neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2) is absent in Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, and depression. Herein, we found that NPTX2 mRNA and protein expression was significantly upregulated in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). NPTX2 expression level gradually increased with CRC progression and was closely associated with poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that NPTX2 promoted CRC proliferation and metastasis through the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. As NPTX2 receptors are absent on CRC cells, NPTX2 was shown to physically interact with frizzled class receptor 6 (FZD6) to promote β-catenin translocation into the cell nucleus, resulting in an increase in the expression of MYC, cyclin D1, snail, and N-cadherin along with a decrease in the expression of E-cadherin. Knockdown of FZD6 expression with a small-interfering RNA almost completely reversed the proliferative effects of NPTX2 on CRC development. In conclusion, NPTX2, a molecule related to nervous system diseases, promotes CRC cell proliferation and metastasis through the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via direct interaction with FZD6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Guangang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Hanbing Xue
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, P.R. China
| | - Manzila Kuerbanjiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Longci Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China.
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12
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Qiu T, Shen X, Tian Z, Huang R, Li X, Wang J, Wang R, Sun Y, Jiang Y, Lei H, Zhang H. IgY Reduces AFB 1-Induced Cytotoxicity, Cellular Dysfunction, and Genotoxicity in Human L-02 Hepatocytes and Swan 71 Trophoblasts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1543-1550. [PMID: 29325416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) causes hepatotoxic, genotoxic, and immunotoxic effects in a variety of species. Although various neutralizing agents of AFB1 toxicity have been studied, the egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) detoxification of small molecular toxins and the mechanisms underlying such effects have not yet been reported. In this investigation, anti-AFB1 IgY against AFB1 was successfully raised, and a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established with a sensitive half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50, 2.4 ng/mL) and dynamic working range (0.13-43.0 ng/mL). The anti-AFB1 IgY obtained reduced AFB1-induced cytotoxicity, cellular dysfunction, and genotoxicity by protecting cells against apoptotic body formation and DNA strand breaks, preventing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, reducing AFB1-DNA adduct and reactive oxygen species production and maintaining cell migration and invasion and the mitochondrial membrane potential. Anti-AFB1 IgY significantly inhibited the AFB1-induced expression of proteins related to antioxidative, pro-apoptotic, and antiapoptotic processes in a strong dose-dependent manner. These experiments demonstrated that the anti-AFB1 IgY-bound AFB1 could not enter cells. This is the first time that IgY has been found to reduce the effects of small molecular toxins, which will be beneficial for the development of antibodies as detoxication agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
- Public Health Laboratory Sciences and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Public Health Laboratory Sciences and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Public Health Laboratory Sciences and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao , Panyu District, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huidong Zhang
- Public Health Laboratory Sciences and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
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13
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Kong W, Mou X, Deng J, Di B, Zhong R, Wang S, Yang Y, Zeng W. Differences of immune disorders between Alzheimer's disease and breast cancer based on transcriptional regulation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180337. [PMID: 28719625 PMCID: PMC5515412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although chronic inflammation and immune disorders are of great importance to the pathogenesis of both dementia and cancer, the pathophysiological mechanisms are not clearly understood. In recent years, growing epidemiological evidence and meta-analysis data suggest an inverse association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the most common form of dementia, and cancer. It has been revealed that some common genes and biological processes play opposite roles in AD and cancer; however, the biological immune mechanism for the inverse association is not clearly defined. An unsupervised matrix decomposition two-stage bioinformatics procedure was adopted to investigate the opposite behaviors of the immune response in AD and breast cancer (BC) and to discover the underlying transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Fast independent component analysis (FastICA) was applied to extract significant genes from AD and BC microarray gene expression data. Based on the extracted data, the shared transcription factors (TFs) from AD and BC were captured. Second, the network component analysis (NCA) algorithm in this study was presented to quantitatively deduce the TF activities and regulatory influences because quantitative dynamic regulatory information for TFs is not available via microarray techniques. Based on the NCA results and reconstructed transcriptional regulatory networks, inverse regulatory processes and some known innate immune responses were described in detail. Many of the shared TFs and their regulatory processes were found to be closely related to the adaptive immune response from dramatically different directions and to play crucial roles in both AD and BC pathogenesis. From the above findings, the opposing cellular behaviors demonstrate an invaluable opportunity to gain insights into the pathogenesis of these two types of diseases and to aid in developing new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kong
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Haigang Ave., Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaoyang Mou
- Department of Biochemistry, Rowan University and Guava Medicine, Glassboro, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jin Deng
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Haigang Ave., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Benteng Di
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Haigang Ave., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ruxing Zhong
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Haigang Ave., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shuaiqun Wang
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Haigang Ave., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Zeng
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Haigang Ave., Shanghai, P. R. China
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14
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Pickhardt M, Biernat J, Hübschmann S, Dennissen FJA, Timm T, Aho A, Mandelkow EM, Mandelkow E. Time course of Tau toxicity and pharmacologic prevention in a cell model of Tauopathy. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 57:47-63. [PMID: 28600952 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of Tau protein is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Previously, we generated a cell model of tauopathy based on the 4-repeat domain with the FTDP-17 mutation ΔK280 (Tau4RDΔK) which is expressed in a regulatable fashion (tet-on). The deletion variant ΔK280 is highly amyloidogenic and forms fibrous aggregates in neuroblastoma N2a cells staining with the reporter dye Thioflavin S. The aggregation of Tau4RDΔK is toxic, contrary to wildtype or anti-aggregant variants of the protein. Using a novel approach for monitoring in situ Tau aggregation and toxicity by combination of microscopic analysis with FACS and biochemical analysis of cells enabled the dissection of the aggregating species which cause a time-dependent increase of toxicity. The dominant initiating step is the dimerization of Tau4RDΔK which leads to further aggregation and induces a strong increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytoplasmic Ca2+ which damage the membranes and cause cell death. Tau-based treatments using Tau aggregation inhibitors reduce both soluble oligomeric and fully aggregated Tau species and decrease their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Pickhardt
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Institute, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacek Biernat
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Institute, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Hübschmann
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Institute, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank J A Dennissen
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Institute, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Timm
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Institute, Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Institute, Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Köln, Germany.
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15
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Esteras N, Rohrer JD, Hardy J, Wray S, Abramov AY. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization in iPSC-derived neurons from patients of FTDP-17 with 10+16 MAPT mutation leads to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Redox Biol 2017; 12:410-422. [PMID: 28319892 PMCID: PMC5357682 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau protein inclusions are a frequent hallmark of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. The 10+16 intronic mutation in MAPT gene, encoding tau, causes frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), by altering the splicing of the gene and inducing an increase in the production of 4R tau isoforms, which are more prone to aggregation. However, the molecular mechanisms linking increased 4R tau to neurodegeneration are not well understood. Here, we have used iPSC-derived neurons from patients of FTDP-17 carrying the 10+16 mutation to study the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. We show that mitochondrial function is altered in the neurons of the patients. We found that FTDP-17 neurons present an increased mitochondrial membrane potential, which is partially maintained by the F1Fo ATPase working in reverse mode. The 10+16 MAPT mutation is also associated with lower mitochondrial NADH levels, partially supressed complex I-driven respiration, and lower ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation, with cells relying on glycolysis to maintain ATP levels. Increased mitochondrial membrane potential in FTDP-17 neurons leads to overproduction of the ROS in mitochondria, which in turn causes oxidative stress and cell death. Mitochondrial ROS overproduction in these cells is a major trigger for neuronal cell death and can be prevented by mitochondrial antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Esteras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK.
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK.
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16
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Xin X, Dang H, Zhao X, Wang H. Effects of Hypobaric Hypoxia on Rat Retina and Protective Response of Resveratrol to the Stress. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:943-950. [PMID: 28924365 PMCID: PMC5599917 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.19391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude retinopathy represents retinal functional changes associated with environmental challenges imposed by hypobaric hypoxia, but the detailed cellular and molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. Our current investigation was to explore the effect of hypobaric hypoxia on the rat retina and determine whether resveratrol has a protective efficacy on the hypoxic damage to the retina. Experiment rats were randomly grouped as the control group, hypoxia group and resveratrol intervention group. The hypoxia group and the resveratrol intervention group were maintained in a low-pressure oxygen cabin, and the resveratrol intervention group was given daily intraperitoneal injections with resveratrol. We found that hypobaric hypoxia increased thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) expression in retinas, and resveratrol treatment significantly reversed these changes (P < 0.05, P < 0.05 respectively). In comparison with controls, hypoxia upregulated the mRNA expression levels of caspase3 (P < 0.001), caspase9 (P < 0.01), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) (P < 0.05), heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) (P < 0.001) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) (P < 0.05). Resveratrol administration caused a significant decrease in the gene expression of caspase3 (P< 0.001), HSP90 (P < 0.05) and HIF-1 mRNA (P < 0.01) as well as an increase in HSP70 mRNA when compared with the hypoxia group. These findings indicated that resveratrol exerted an anti-oxidative role by modulating hypoxia stress- associated genes and an anti-apoptosis role by regulating apoptosis-related cytokines. In conclusion, hypobaric hypoxia may have a pathological impact on rat retinas. The intervention of resveratrol reverses the effect induced by hypobaric hypoxia and elicits a protective response to the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Hong Dang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
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17
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Ankarcrona M, Winblad B, Monteiro C, Fearns C, Powers ET, Johansson J, Westermark GT, Presto J, Ericzon BG, Kelly JW. Current and future treatment of amyloid diseases. J Intern Med 2016; 280:177-202. [PMID: 27165517 PMCID: PMC4956553 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There are more than 30 human proteins whose aggregation appears to cause degenerative maladies referred to as amyloid diseases or amyloidoses. These disorders are named after the characteristic cross-β-sheet amyloid fibrils that accumulate systemically or are localized to specific organs. In most cases, current treatment is limited to symptomatic approaches and thus disease-modifying therapies are needed. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with extracellular amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) fibrils and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles as pathological hallmarks. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted with passive and active immunotherapy, and small molecules to inhibit Aβ formation and aggregation or to enhance Aβ clearance; so far such clinical trials have been unsuccessful. Novel strategies are therefore required and here we will discuss the possibility of utilizing the chaperone BRICHOS to prevent Aβ aggregation and toxicity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is symptomatically treated with insulin. However, the underlying pathology is linked to the aggregation and progressive accumulation of islet amyloid polypeptide as fibrils and oligomers, which are cytotoxic. Several compounds have been shown to inhibit islet amyloid aggregation and cytotoxicity in vitro. Future animal studies and clinical trials have to be conducted to determine their efficacy in vivo. The transthyretin (TTR) amyloidoses are a group of systemic degenerative diseases compromising multiple organ systems, caused by TTR aggregation. Liver transplantation decreases the generation of misfolded TTR and improves the quality of life for a subgroup of this patient population. Compounds that stabilize the natively folded, nonamyloidogenic, tetrameric conformation of TTR have been developed and the drug tafamidis is available as a promising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ankarcrona
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - B Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C Fearns
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E T Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - G T Westermark
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Presto
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - B-G Ericzon
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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18
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Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Mitochondria Damage Induced by Hypoxia in Mouse Trophoblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153729. [PMID: 27100996 PMCID: PMC4839652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to observe the change of mitochondrial function and structure as well as the cell function induced by hypoxia in mouse trophoblasts, and moreover, to validate the restoration of these changes after co-culture with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hereinafter referred to as “MSCs”). Further, we explored the mechanism of MSCs attenuating the functional damage of trophoblasts caused by hypoxia. Methods Cells were divided into two groups, trophoblasts and MSCs+trophoblasts respectively, and the two groups of cells were incubated with normoxia or hypoxia. Chemiluminescence was used to assay the β-HCG and progesterone in cell culture supernatants quantitatively. Western blotting and PCR were applied to detect the expression of Mfn2, MMP-2, MMP-9 and integrin β1 in the two groups. The mitochondrial membrane potential of each group of cells was detected with JC-1 dye and the ATP content was measured by the phosphomolybdic acid colorimetric method. We utilized transmission electron microscopy for observing the ultrastructure of mitochondria in trophoblasts. Finally, we assessed the cell apoptosis with flow cytometry (FCM) and analyzed the expression of the apoptosis related genes—Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase3 and Caspase9 by western blotting. Results The results showed that the Mfn2 expression was reduced after 4 h in hypoxia compared with that in normoxia, but increased in the co-culture group when compared with that in the separated-culture group (p<0.05). In addition, compared with the separated-culture group, theβ-HCG and progesterone levels in the co-culture group were significantly enhanced (p<0.05), and so were the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and integrin β1 (p<0.05). Moreover, it exhibited significantly higher in ATP levels and intensified about the mitochondrial membrane potential in the co-culture group. TEM revealed disorders of the mitochondrial cristae and presented short rod-like structure and spheroids in hypoxia, however, in the co-culture group, the mitochondrial cristae had a relatively regular arrangement and the mitochondrial ultrastructure showed hyperfusion. The expression of Bax, Caspase3 and Caspase9 was decreased in the co-culture group when compared with that in trophoblast cells cultured alone (p<0.05), while the Bcl-2 levels and the Apoptosis Index (AI) were markedly increased in the co-culture group (p<0.05). Conclusion Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can attenuate mitochondria damage and cell apoptosis induced by hypoxia; the mechanism could be upregulating the expression of Mfn2 in mouse trophoblasts and changing mitochondrial structure.
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Yang X, Lv Y, Huang K, Luo Y, Xu W. Zinc inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human hepatocytes (HepG2 cells). Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 92:17-25. [PMID: 27017951 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has strong carcinogenicity. Consumption of AFB1-contaminated agricultural products and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma have received widespread attention. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether zinc supplementation could inhibit AFB1-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in HepG2 cells and the mechanism of this inhibition. Our data suggest that zinc sources can relieve a certain degree of AFB1-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity by protecting against apoptotic body formation and DNA strand breaks, affecting S phase cell cycle arrest, reducing 8-OHdG formation, inhibiting global DNA hypomethylation and regulating gene expression in antioxidation, zinc-association and apoptosis processes. Consequently, zinc stabilizes the integrity of DNA and improves cell survival. These data provides new insights into the protective role of zinc in alleviating AFB1-induced cytotoxicity and mediating epigenetic changes in hepatocytes, demonstrating that zinc sources have detoxification properties in mycotoxin-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yangjun Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100083, China.
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20
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Ettcheto M, Petrov D, Pedrós I, de Lemos L, Pallàs M, Alegret M, Laguna JC, Folch J, Camins A. Hypercholesterolemia and neurodegeneration. Comparison of hippocampal phenotypes in LDLr knockout and APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Exp Gerontol 2015; 65:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Choi JS, Maity A, Gray T, Berdis AJ. A metal-containing nucleoside that possesses both therapeutic and diagnostic activity against cancer. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9714-26. [PMID: 25713072 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.620294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside transport is an essential process that helps maintain the hyperproliferative state of most cancer cells. As such, it represents an important target for developing diagnostic and therapeutic agents that can effectively detect and treat cancer, respectively. This report describes the development of a metal-containing nucleoside designated Ir(III)-PPY nucleoside that displays both therapeutic and diagnostic properties against the human epidermal carcinoma cell line KB3-1. The cytotoxic effects of Ir(III)-PPY nucleoside are both time- and dose-dependent. Flow cytometry analyses validate that the nucleoside analog causes apoptosis by blocking cell cycle progression at G2/M. Fluorescent microscopy studies show rapid accumulation in the cytoplasm within 4 h. However, more significant accumulation is observed in the nucleus and mitochondria after 24 h. This localization is consistent with the ability of the metal-containing nucleoside to influence cell cycle progression at G2/M. Mitochondrial depletion is also observed after longer incubations (Δt ∼48 h), and this effect may produce additional cytotoxic effects. siRNA knockdown experiments demonstrate that the nucleoside transporter, hENT1, plays a key role in the cellular entry of Ir(III)-PPY nucleoside. Collectively, these data provide evidence for the development of a metal-containing nucleoside that functions as a combined therapeutic and diagnostic agent against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Suk Choi
- From the Department of Chemistry and the Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115 and
| | - Ayan Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Thomas Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Anthony J Berdis
- From the Department of Chemistry and the Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115 and
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Rajasekhar K, Chakrabarti M, Govindaraju T. Function and toxicity of amyloid beta and recent therapeutic interventions targeting amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13434-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05264e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our Feature Article details the physiological role of amyloid beta (Aβ), elaborates its toxic effects and outlines therapeutic molecules designed in the last two years targeting different aspects of Aβ for preventing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Rajasekhar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | - Malabika Chakrabarti
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | - T. Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
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23
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Yu SJ, Liao EC, Tsai JJ. Der p 2 can induce bystander activation of B cells derived from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunobiology 2014; 219:958-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Bagkos G, Koufopoulos K, Piperi C. A new model for mitochondrial membrane potential production and storage. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:175-81. [PMID: 24907229 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) is the most reliable indicator of mitochondrial function. The MMP value range of -136 to -140mV has been considered optimal for maximum ATP production for all living organisms. Even small changes from the above range result in a large fall in ATP production and a large increase in ROS production. The resulting bioenergetic deregulation is considered as the causative agent for numerous major human diseases. Normalization of MMP value improves mitochondrial function and gives excellent therapeutic results. In order for a systematic effective treatment of these diseases to be developed, a detailed knowledge of the mechanism of MMP production is absolutely necessary. However, despite the long-standing research efforts, a concrete mechanism for MMP production has not been found yet. The present paper proposes a novel mechanism of MMP production based on new considerations underlying the function of the two basic players of MMP production, the electron transport chain (ETC) and the F1F0 ATP synthase. Under normal conditions, MMP is almost exclusively produced by the electron flow through ETC complexes I-IV, creating a direct electric current that stops in subunit II of complex IV and gradually charges MMP. However, upon ETC dysfunction F1F0 ATP synthase reverses its action and starts to hydrolyze ATP. ATP hydrolysis further produces electric energy which is transferred, in the form of a direct electric current, from F1 to F0 where is used to charge MMP. This new model is expected to redirect current experimental research on mitochondrial bioenergetics and indicate new therapeutic schemes for mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Bagkos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Koufopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
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25
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease exhibiting amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation as a key characteristic. Autophagy, which is dysregulated in AD, participates in the metabolism of Aβ. Unexpectedly, we recently found that autophagy, in addition to its degradative function, also mediates the secretion of Aβ. This finding adds Aβ to an increasing number of biomolecules, the secretion of which is mediated by autophagy. We also showed that inhibition of Aβ secretion through genetic deletion of autophagy leads to intracellular Aβ accumulation, which enhanced neurodegeneration induced by autophagy deficiency. Hence, autophagy may play a central role in two pathological hallmarks of AD: Aβ amyloidosis and neurodegeneration. Herein, we summarize the role of autophagy in AD with focus on Aβ metabolism in light of the recently established role of autophagy in protein secretion. We discuss potential routes for autophagy-mediated Aβ secretion and suggest experimental approaches to further elucidate its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Nilsson
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan; KI-Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
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26
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Désesquelles A, Demuru E, Salvatore MA, Pappagallo M, Frova L, Meslé F, Egidi V. Mortality From Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Dementias in France and Italy. J Aging Health 2014; 26:283-315. [DOI: 10.1177/0898264313514443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We perform an in-depth analysis of all death certificates collected in France and Italy with an entry of Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), or another dementia. Method: Data are for 2008. We measure how frequently these conditions are the underlying cause of death. We then examine what other causes are reported on the certificates. Results: In both countries, AD is the underlying cause for about 6 in 10 certificates with an AD entry. The proportion is lower for PD and dementia, but higher in France than in Italy. Many contributing causes reflect the circumstances surrounding the end of life in AD, PD, and dementia, often characterized by bed confinement and frailty. Discussion: Our research highlights several consequences of the conditions under study that could be targeted by public health policy. It also speaks to the existence of differences in diagnosis/certification practices that may explain differences in mortality levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Demuru
- Sapienza Università di Roma (SUR), Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Luisa Frova
- Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT), Viale Liegi, Rome, Italy
| | - France Meslé
- Institut National d’Etudes Démographiques (INED), Paris, France
| | - Viviana Egidi
- Sapienza Università di Roma (SUR), Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
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27
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Gonçalves IO, Oliveira PJ, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Exercise as a therapeutic tool to prevent mitochondrial degeneration in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:1184-94. [PMID: 24033085 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, encompassing hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis, is a significant health problem associated with modern lifestyle, based on caloric overconsumption and physical inactivity. Although the mechanisms associated with progression from the 'benign' steatosis to NASH are still elusive, mitochondrial dysfunction seems to play an important role in this degenerative process. Degeneration of mitochondrial function during NASH has been associated with impaired β-oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation and increased reactive oxygen species production, contributing to hepatocyte death and inflammatory response. Despite the fact that several therapeutic approaches can be used in the context of NASH, including insulin-sensitizing agents, anti-obesity drugs, lipid-lowering drugs or mitochondrial-targeted drugs, dietary and physical activity are still the most effective strategies. In fact, active lifestyles decrease insulin resistance and body weight and result in decreased histological signs of liver injury. In fatty liver, physical activity prevents the disease progression through mitochondrial adaptations, namely by increasing cytochrome c content, enzyme activities and fatty acid oxidation, which are lost after some days of physical inactivity. However, less is known about the effect of physical activity on NASH-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. After a brief characterization of NASH and its association with liver mitochondrial (dys)function, the present review addresses the impact of physical (in)activity on NASH and, particularly, the possible contribution of active lifestyles to the modulation of liver mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês O Gonçalves
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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28
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Bobba A, Amadoro G, Valenti D, Corsetti V, Lassandro R, Atlante A. Mitochondrial respiratory chain Complexes I and IV are impaired by β-amyloid via direct interaction and through Complex I-dependent ROS production, respectively. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:298-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Louzao I, van Hest JCM. Permeability Effects on the Efficiency of Antioxidant Nanoreactors. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2364-72. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400493b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iria Louzao
- Radboud University
Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525
AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Radboud University
Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525
AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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30
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Bhullar KS, Rupasinghe HPV. Polyphenols: multipotent therapeutic agents in neurodegenerative diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:891748. [PMID: 23840922 PMCID: PMC3690243 DOI: 10.1155/2013/891748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging leads to numerous transitions in brain physiology including synaptic dysfunction and disturbances in cognition and memory. With a few clinically relevant drugs, a substantial portion of aging population at risk for age-related neurodegenerative disorders require nutritional intervention. Dietary intake of polyphenols is known to attenuate oxidative stress and reduce the risk for related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Polyphenols exhibit strong potential to address the etiology of neurological disorders as they attenuate their complex physiology by modulating several therapeutic targets at once. Firstly, we review the advances in the therapeutic role of polyphenols in cell and animal models of AD, PD, MS, and HD and activation of drug targets for controlling pathological manifestations. Secondly, we present principle pathways in which polyphenol intake translates into therapeutic outcomes. In particular, signaling pathways like PPAR, Nrf2, STAT, HIF, and MAPK along with modulation of immune response by polyphenols are discussed. Although current polyphenol researches have limited impact on clinical practice, they have strong evidence and testable hypothesis to contribute clinical advances and drug discovery towards age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S. Bhullar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada B2N 5E3
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada B2N 5E3
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31
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Bolisetty S, Jaimes EA. Mitochondria and reactive oxygen species: physiology and pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6306-44. [PMID: 23528859 PMCID: PMC3634422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14036306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The air that we breathe contains nearly 21% oxygen, most of which is utilized by mitochondria during respiration. While we cannot live without it, it was perceived as a bane to aerobic organisms due to the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites by mitochondria and other cellular compartments. However, this dogma was challenged when these species were demonstrated to modulate cellular responses through altering signaling pathways. In fact, since this discovery of a dichotomous role of reactive species in immune function and signal transduction, research in this field grew at an exponential pace and the pursuit for mechanisms involved began. Due to a significant number of review articles present on the reactive species mediated cell death, we have focused on emerging novel pathways such as autophagy, signaling and maintenance of the mitochondrial network. Despite its role in several processes, increased reactive species generation has been associated with the origin and pathogenesis of a plethora of diseases. While it is tempting to speculate that anti-oxidant therapy would protect against these disorders, growing evidence suggests that this may not be true. This further supports our belief that these reactive species play a fundamental role in maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Bolisetty
- Nephrology Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Edgar A. Jaimes
- Nephrology Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; E-Mail:
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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32
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Holohan KN, Lahiri DK, Schneider BP, Foroud T, Saykin AJ. Functional microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease and cancer: differential regulation of common mechanisms and pathways. Front Genet 2013; 3:323. [PMID: 23335942 PMCID: PMC3547332 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two of the main research priorities in the United States are cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, which are attributed to abnormal patterns of cellular behavior. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been implicated as regulators of cellular metabolism, and thus are an active topic of investigation in both disease areas. There is presently a more extensive body of work on the role of miRNAs in cancer compared to neurodegenerative diseases, and therefore it may be useful to examine whether there is any concordance between the functional roles of miRNAs in these diseases. As a case study, the roles of miRNAs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their functions in various cancers will be compared. A number of miRNA expression patterns are altered in individuals with AD compared with healthy older adults. Among these, some have also been shown to correlate with neuropathological changes including plaque and tangle accumulation, as well as expression levels of other molecules known to be involved in disease pathology. Importantly, these miRNAs have also been shown to have differential expression and or functional roles in various types of cancer. To examine possible intersections between miRNA functions in cancer and AD, we review the current literature on these miRNAs in cancer and AD, focusing on their roles in known biological pathways. We propose a pathway-driven model in which some molecular processes show an inverse relationship between cancer and neurodegenerative disease (e.g., proliferation and apoptosis) whereas others are more parallel in their activity (e.g., immune activation and inflammation). A critical review of these and other molecular mechanisms in cancer may shed light on the pathophysiology of AD, and highlight key areas for future research. Conclusions from this work may be extended to other neurodegenerative diseases for which some molecular pathways have been identified but which have not yet been extensively researched for miRNA involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Holohan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
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34
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Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) sustains organelle function and plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism. The OXPHOS system consists of 5 multisubunit complexes (CI-CV) that are built up of 92 different structural proteins encoded by the nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Biogenesis of a functional OXPHOS system further requires the assistance of nDNA-encoded OXPHOS assembly factors, of which 35 are currently identified. In humans, mutations in both structural and assembly genes and in genes involved in mtDNA maintenance, replication, transcription, and translation induce 'primary' OXPHOS disorders that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Leigh syndrome (LS), which is probably the most classical OXPHOS disease during early childhood. Here, we present the current insights regarding function, biogenesis, regulation, and supramolecular architecture of the OXPHOS system, as well as its genetic origin. Next, we provide an inventory of OXPHOS structural and assembly genes which, when mutated, induce human neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we discuss the consequences of mutations in OXPHOS structural and assembly genes at the single cell level and how this information has advanced our understanding of the role of OXPHOS dysfunction in neurodegeneration.
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